Thematische Bibliographien / Animal communication

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Animal communication“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 30. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Animal communication"

WAAL, FRANS B. M. „Animal Communication“. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1000, Nr. 1 (24.01.2006): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1280.006.

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Kaplan, Gisela. „Animal communication“. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 5, Nr. 6 (08.10.2014): 661–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1321.

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AHMED, Khalid Ahmed Hassan. „INTERSECTIONAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN ANIMAL COMMUNICATION“. International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 03, Nr. 03 (01.06.2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.3-3.9.

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This study aims at reviewing a bulk of related studies, and some verses from the Holly Qur'an in order to discover some mysteries of human animal communication. We believe that the majority of the previous studies concern themselves with human attempts to teach human speech to animals. There are a lot of mysteries that surround human animal communication. Furthermore, there are some intersections between human and animals’ ways of interaction. We believe that human speech is one of the most amazing human properties; at the same time, we believe that animals have very advanced ways of communication. However, humans and animals have the access to be involved in interaction and communications with each other and with other species of animals. Our mere observations could maintain this hypothesis of joined human animal communications. This study is an attempt to establish a theoretical framework on which humans and animals can interact and communicate jointly among themselves and other types of animals as well. To process the study some of the related studies will be outlined, discussed and analyzed, and then they will be correlated with the findings of the selected Holly Qur’an verses. Out of these studies some assumptions will be outlined in order to be treated through the discussion, results and recommendations for further studies..

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Reed, Lauren P. „Animal Communication Networks“. Condor 108, Nr. 2 (2006): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[485:acn]2.0.co;2.

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Kulick, Don. „Human–Animal Communication“. Annual Review of Anthropology 46, Nr. 1 (23.10.2017): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041723.

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Reed, Lauren P. „Animal Communication Networks“. Condor 108, Nr. 2 (01.05.2006): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.2.485.

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Holopainen, Jarmo K. „Plant–animal communication“. Annals of Botany 111, Nr. 2 (12.12.2012): vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs273.

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SIMON, M. „Animal communication: Do animals mean what they say?“ Journal of Social and Biological Systems 9, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1986): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1750(86)90242-3.

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Chen, Yihua. „Comparison Between Animal Communication and Language“. Communications in Humanities Research 12, Nr. 1 (20.11.2023): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/12/20230045.

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Language is a structured system that consists of grammar and vocabulary. Although animals communicate with each other, it has remained unsettled that whether animals use language. As Pearce concluded four main elements of language (arbitrariness of units, semanticity, displacement and productivity), this paper aims to evaluate animal communication according to these criteria and figure out their ability to learn language by studying the experiments conducted by scientists before. As a result, this paper found that animal communication met the criterion of semanticity, but failed to meet other criteria, especially the criterion of displacement and productivity, and it is very hard to teach them language. It is argued that they showed no evidence of using language even after they were taught some elements of it. The conclusion indicated that animals do not have language considering the evidence drawn from the studies before. However, it is also suggested that further studies are needed to find a better way to study animal communication and more suitable criteria for them. Signs also showed that animals may develop language referring to these criteria in the future.

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Ravignani, Andrea, und Koen de Reus. „Modelling Animal Interactive Rhythms in Communication“. Evolutionary Bioinformatics 15 (Januar 2019): 117693431882355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1176934318823558.

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Time is one crucial dimension conveying information in animal communication. Evolution has shaped animals’ nervous systems to produce signals with temporal properties fitting their socio-ecological niches. Many quantitative models of mechanisms underlying rhythmic behaviour exist, spanning insects, crustaceans, birds, amphibians, and mammals. However, these computational and mathematical models are often presented in isolation. Here, we provide an overview of the main mathematical models employed in the study of animal rhythmic communication among conspecifics. After presenting basic definitions and mathematical formalisms, we discuss each individual model. These computational models are then compared using simulated data to uncover similarities and key differences in the underlying mechanisms found across species. Our review of the empirical literature is admittedly limited. We stress the need of using comparative computer simulations – both before and after animal experiments – to better understand animal timing in interaction. We hope this article will serve as a potential first step towards a common computational framework to describe temporal interactions in animals, including humans.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Animal communication"

Tago, Pacheco Damian. „Essays in Animal Health Economics and Risk Communication“. Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10002/document.

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Cette thèse est un effort pour améliorer la façon dont l'analyse économique est menée dans les domaines de la santé animale (chapitres 1 et 2) et la communication des risques (chapitre 3). Le chapitre 1 vise à évaluer les coûts de la politique de restriction de mouvement (MRP) au cours de l'épidémie de BTV-8 2006 en France pour les producteurs de broutards (veaux 6- 9 mois charolais sevrés (BWC)). Les producteurs de BWC représentent un secteur important de l'industrie de la viande bovine française et ils peuvent être gravement touchés par les restrictions de mouvement. Le change dans le nombre de BWC vendu lies aux restrictions de mouvement est estimé en utilisant une approche « matching » multidimensionnelle, et l'effet économique de la MRP est évalué en fonction de plusieurs scénarios qui décrivent les contraintes de capacité de fermes, le coût d'alimentation, et le prix de vente de l'animal. Les coûts associés à cette politique sont la motivation pour le chapitre 2, dans lequel le comportement stratégique des agriculteurs est incorporé dans un modèle épidémiologique Susceptible-Infectés au niveau de la ferme, tels que le MRP peut déclencher des ventes prématurées par des fermes à haut risque qui réduit significativement l'efficacité de la politique. Dans la propagation d'une maladie infectieuse, les revendeurs et les marchés de bétail fonctionnent comme des amplificateurs depuis: 1) ils sont impliqués dans des activités commerciales presque chaque semaine; 2) ils ont des transactions avec un grand nombre d'exploitations. Un raisonnement similaire est utilisé dans un cadre très différent, celui de la communication des risques. Dans le chapitre 3, un modèle utilisant des outils de réseaux sociaux est introduit pour analyser l'efficacité de différentes stratégies de communication des risques tenant en compte des contraintes budgétaires. À la fin du chapitre, les avantages de ciblage spécifique sont illustrés par rapport à les risques sanitaires de la consommation d'eau du robinet à Nogales, AZ
This thesis is an effort to improve the way economic analysis is conducted in the fields of animal health (chapters 1 and 2) and risk communication (chapter 3). Chapter 1 aims at evaluating the costs of the movement restriction policy (MRP) during the 2006 BTV-8 epidemic in France for the producers of 6- 9 month old charolais beef weaned calves (BWC). The producers of BWC represent an important sector of the French beef industry and they can be severely affected by movement standstills. The change in the number of BWC sold that was due to the movement restrictions is estimated using a multivariate matching approach, and the economic effect of the MRP is evaluated based on several scenarios that describe farms’ capacity constraints, feeding prices, and the animal’s selling price. The costs associated to such policy are the motivation for chapter 2, in which the strategic behavior of farmers is incorporated into a susceptible-infected epidemiologic model at the farm-level, such that the MRP can trigger premature sales of high-risk farms that significantly reduce the efficacy of the policy. In the spread of an infectious disease, dealers and livestock markets work as amplifiers since: 1) they are involved in trading activities almost every single week; 2) they have transactions with a large number of farms. A similar reasoning is used in a very different framework, the one of risk communication. In chapter 3, a model using social network tools is introduced to analyze the effectiveness of different risk communication strategies under budget constraints. At the end of the chapter the benefits of specific targeting are illustrated by an application to the health risks of consuming tap water in Nogales, AZ

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Oliphant, Michael. „Formal approaches to innate and learned communication : laying the foundation for language /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9820887.

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Bashaw, Meredith J. „Social behavior and communication in a herd of captive giraffe“. Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180020/unrestricted/bashaw%5Fmeredith%5Fj%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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Burt, John Michael. „Birdsong communication and perception : field and laboratory studies /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9129.

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Padilla, de la Torre Monica. „Mother-offspring vocal communication and temperament in cattle“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13389/.

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Very little is known about cattle vocalizations. The few studies available in the literature have been conducted using animals under stress or very intensive husbandry conditions. Similarly, the individual consistency of behaviour in cattle has rarely been considered except in applied studies of constrained and isolated animals, and no previous research has attempted to address a possible association between vocal communication and temperament in cattle. The studies reported here address these gaps in our knowledge. I found that cattle contact calls have acoustic characteristics that give them individualized distinctiveness, in both adult cows and calves. These results were confirmed using playback experiments, where I found that there is bidirectional mother-offspring recognition, as has been recorded in other “weak hider” ungulates. Additionally, using visual and acoustic stimuli, I assessed individual cattle temperament. The results showed that there was no individual behavioural consistency in responses to a novel object presentations. However, calves behaved consistently more boldly than cows. Furthermore, there was significant individual consistency in responses to vocalisations of heterospecifics, when they were played back through a speaker in the field. Surprisingly, no correlations were found between the ability of cattle to identify their own mother/offspring and the acoustic features of their vocalisations, or behavioural responses in any other context. There were, however, significant correlations between one characteristic of vocalisations in adult cows (formant spacing) and the boldness of behavioural responses to both novel objects and auditory stimuli. Additionally, higher F0 in calf contact vocalizations correlated with boldness in the auditory stimuli experiment. These relationships imply that vocalisations may encode information about individual temperament, something which has rarely been documented. Surprisingly, no strong correlations were found between the behavioural responses to visual and acoustic stimuli, suggesting that individual consistency in behaviour across contexts was limited, and that behavioural plasticity could play an important role in determining responses in different environmental contexts. Overall, my results contribute to our knowledge of animal communication in mammals from a bioacoustic point of view, and they are also potentially relevant to studies of vocalizations as indicators of cattle welfare.

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Cartmill, Erica A. „Gestural communication in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii) : a cognitive approach /“. St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/634.

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Lee, Ben. „The role of intercellular communication in follicular development /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60550.

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Although the gonadotropins are necessary for follicular development, the spatio-temporal specific differentiation of the constituent granulosa cells and the process of selection for ovulation may be regulated by other intrafollicular mechanisms. Gap junction-mediated intercellular communication between granulosa cells has been previously reported and may play a role in spatio-temporal differentiation and/or follicular selection. In order to elucidate the function of intercellular communication in follicular development, granulosa cell cultures were treated with agents known to disrupt gap junctions (uncouplers): the retinoids and the alkanols. Retinoic acid, heptanol annd octanol inhibited the expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors and the accumulation of progesterone in the culture. The expression of LH receptors and the production of progesterone are crucial follicular functions. Thus, the inhibition of these functions by uncouplers provides the first evidence that the establishment of gap junctional communication may be an integral component in follicular development.

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Cook, Michelle Elizabeth. „Environmental and social factors influence communications used during crayfish agonistic interactions“. Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1212431269.

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Bouchet, Hélène. „Relation entre variabilité du répertoire vocal et système social : étude comparative chez les cercopithécinés (Cercocebus torquatus, Cercopithecus campbelli, Cercopithecus neglectus)“. Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S035.

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La communication est essentielle au fonctionnement social. Aussi les pressions sociales pourraient jouer un rôle majeur dans l’évolution des capacités communicatives. Nous avons étudié, en captivité, trois espèces de primates non-humains qui diffèrent par leurs systèmes sociaux : le mangabé à collier (Cercocebus torquatus), la mone de Campbell (Cercopithecus campbelli) et le singe de Brazza (Cercopithecus neglectus). Nos résultats dénotent d’un lien fort entre variabilité vocale et facteurs sociaux. Le rôle social d’un individu se reflète dans la composition, la richesse de son répertoire et dans sa loquacité. La fonction d’un type de cri influence son degré de variabilité et son potentiel à transmettre un message identitaire. Enfin, un lien a pu être établi entre la taille, la diversité du répertoire, l’activité vocale et le degré de complexité du système social de l’espèce. Ainsi, notre étude comparative soutient l’hypothèse d’une coévolution social-vocal dans la lignée Primates
Communication is essential to the social functioning. Therefore social pressures may have a major role on the evolution of communicative abilities. We studied, in captivity, three non-human primate species which differed by their social systems : the red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus), the Campbell's monkey (Cercopithecus campbelli) and the de Brazza's monkey (Cercopithecus neglectus). Our results highlight a strong link between vocal variability and social factors. The individual's social role is reflected in its repertoire's composition and diversity, and in its loquaciousness. The function of a call type influences its degree of acoustic variability and its potential to convey an identitary message. Finally, we were able to establish a link between size, diversity of the repertoire, vocal activity and degree of complexity of the species' social system. Thus, our comparative study supports the hypothesis of a social-vocal co-evolution in the Primate lineage

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Landete-Castillejos, Tomás. „Chemical communication in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout)“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11231/.

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This study examined the urine and faecal scent marking behaviour and investigatory responses of wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout) kept in large, semi-natural enclosures to assess the role these scents play in their communication system. For the first time, this study has shown that Norway rats deposit faecal scent marks in response to odour cues and form latrines. The spatial distribution of faeces was highly uneven. Most faeces deposited in open areas were found in clusters occupying less than 1 m2 which were termed latrines. Rats spent more time at feeders and in other areas which were almost devoid of faeces than at these latrines. This suggests that latrines were created deliberately, perhaps for communication. Rats discriminated among faeces from different donors with respect to their investigation, presumably using olfactory cues. They faecal marked in response to urine cues from rats belonging to other colonies, although they did not faecal mark in response to their own urine cues or to a novel non-social stimulus (clean tiles). Investigation and faecal marking was aimed mainly towards urine from individuals of the marker's own sex. This suggests that faecal marking may play a role in communication between competitors. Urine was deposited as discrete marks around the enclosures, in an uneven distribution. The highest density of marks was found by the enclosure walls and nest areas. Rats showed a greater urine marking response towards introduced clean surfaces than towards surfaces they had already marked, ensuring that their home area was always covered with their urine marks. Close monitoring of urine marking on clean surfaces showed that male -rats had a marking rate three times greater than that of females. This could not be attributed solely to weight differences between males and females. Rats also urine marked in response to urine deposited by rats from other colonies. Urine from unfamiliar rats of the subject's own sex stimulated more investigation than urine from the opposite sex, though donors were immature. These results suggest that urine marking also plays a role in communication between competitors. Testing individuals in their home enclosure, using scent marks deposited naturally by rats, and the contexts in which scent stimuli are deposited by donors (e. g. as part of their home range) and found by residents (e. g. finding intruder's home range marks in the resident's home range) were essential factors in determining their response to olfactory cues. The importance of these factors is discussed.

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Bücher zum Thema "Animal communication"

McDonnell, Janet. Animal communication. [Chanhassen, MN]: Child's World, 1998.

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Ganeri, Anita. Animal communication. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2004.

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McDonnell, Janet. Animal communication. Elgin, IL: Child's World, 1989.

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Ganeri, Anita. Animal communication. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2004.

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Megela, Simmons Andrea, Popper Arthur N und Fay Richard R, Hrsg. Acoustic communication. New York: Springer, 2003.

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Stegmann, Ulrich, Hrsg. Animal Communication Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139003551.

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Hopp, Steven L., Michael J. Owren und Christopher S. Evans, Hrsg. Animal Acoustic Communication. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76220-8.

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D, Ruxton Graeme, Hrsg. Plant-animal communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Brumm, Henrik, Hrsg. Animal Communication and Noise. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41494-7.

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1948-, Vehrencamp Sandra Lee, Hrsg. Principles of animal communication. 2. Aufl. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 2011.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Animal communication"

Malim, Tony, Ann Birch und Sheila Hayward. „Animal Communication“. In Comparative Psychology, 121–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13776-3_4.

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Canoy, Marcel. „Animal Communication“. In Equilibrium, Markets and Dynamics, 155–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56131-3_11.

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Malim, Tony, und Ann Birch. „Animal communication“. In Introductory Psychology, 372–94. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14186-9_21.

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Hughes, Jennifer. „Animal communication“. In Introducing Linguistics, 495–503. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045571-35.

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McConnell, Brian S. „Animal Communication“. In Astronomers' Universe, 53–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74845-6_3.

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Andrews, Kristin. „Communication“. In The Animal Mind, 136–71. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203712511-7.

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Sandry, Eleanor. „Human-Animal Communication“. In Robots and Communication, 31–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137468376_3.

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van der Zee, Emile, und Kun Guo. „Human–Animal Communication“. In Introduction to Human-Animal Interaction, 26–46. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003221753-3.

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Horn, Andrew G. „Speech Acts and Animal Signals“. In Communication, 347–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1745-4_11.

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Dawkins, Marian Stamp, und Tim Guilford. „Conspicuousness and Diversity in Animal Signals“. In Communication, 55–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1745-4_3.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Animal communication"

FISCHER, JULIA, und KURT HAMMERSCHMIDT. „INFORMATION AND INFLUENCE IN ANIMAL COMMUNICATION“. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference (EVOLANG8). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814295222_0017.

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Shetgaonkar, Anay Anil, und Vinayak N. Shet Principal. „Smart animal repeller“. In 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecds.2017.8390070.

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Mérigonde, Mireille. „Transition écologique, transition littéraire : la représentation de la communication du vivant dans les Sciences et les Lettres“. In Actes du congrès de l’Association Française de Sémiotique. Limoges: Université de Limoges, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/as.8519.

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Les sciences et la philosophie proposent une vision renouvelée des mondes animaux et végétaux. La littérature prend acte des avancées en la matière et participe à la sensibilisation et à la conscience écologiques en recherchant une position non anthropocentrée dans sa représentation du vivant. Cet article fait le point sur la question très spécifique de la représentation de la communication animale et végétale qui, pour les écrivains, constitue un véritable défi. Nous montrerons dans un premier temps qu’un changement de paradigme s’est opéré dans les sciences du langage sur la question du langage animal. Nous verrons ensuite que la communication végétale devient également un objet d’étude saillant dans les sciences. Nous pourrons alors envisager comment, par le biais de la médiation littéraire, ces nouvelles « voix » peuvent nous guider sur la « voie » de la transition écologique.

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Golan, Yoav, Amir Shapiro, Ilana Nisky, Ben Serota und Oren Shriki. „Dogs Can Understand Haptic Communication“. In ACI'19: Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3371049.3371066.

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French, Fiona, Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas und Heli Väätäjä. „Designing Technologies for Playful Interspecies Communication“. In ACI'2020: Seventh International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446002.3446003.

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Mary G, Prema Arokia, Nithesh P S, Nanthini V und Thebiksha G V. „Wild Animal Detection System“. In 2023 2nd International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaeca56562.2023.10199701.

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Joshi, Apurva, I. Naga VishnuKanth, Navkar Samdaria, Sumit Bagla und Prabhat Ranjan. „GPS-less animal tracking system“. In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks (WCSN). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcsn.2008.4772694.

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Alcaidinho, Joelle, Giancarlo Valentin, Gregory D. Abowd und Melody Jackson. „Training collar-sensed gestures for canine communication“. In ACI '16: Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2995257.3012020.

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Datta, Arunashish, Upinder Kaur, Victor Malacco, Mayukh Nath, Baibhab Chatterjee, Shawn S. Donkin, Richard M. Voyles und Shreyas Sen. „In-body to Out-of-body Communication Channel Modeling for Ruminant Animals for Smart Animal Agriculture“. In 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629743.

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Dhulekar, Pravin A., Sanjay T. Gandhe, Ganesh R. Bagad und Sudhanshu S. Dwivedi. „Vision Based Technique for Animal Detection“. In 2018 International Conference on Advances in Communication and Computing Technology (ICACCT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacct.2018.8529660.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Animal communication"

MORELLI, D. Long-distance transport of live animals: WOAH’s standards and best practices including societal perception and communication aspects. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/tt.3334.

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During the 88th General Session held virtually in May 2021, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH: founded as OIE) Regional Commission for Europe agreed “Long-distance transport of live animals: WOAH’s standards and best practices including societal perception and communication aspects” as the Technical Item I to be presented during the 30th Conference of the Regional Commission in Catania (Italy), from 3 to 7 October 2022. An online questionnaire was designed and distributed to WOAH Members of the Regional Commission for Europe from 21 June to 8 July 2022 (with minor finalisations by 2 August 2022). The persons responsible for completing the questionnaire (of 47 Members in total) were mainly WOAH Delegates, National Focal Points for animal welfare or National Contact Points for long-distance transportation. The qualitative analysis of the information provided was carried out by grouping similar answers and, when proper, the United Nations geoscheme was applied to highlight any spatial clustering of the results. The wide majority of the Members (46 out of 47) declared to have in place specific legislation on animal welfare during transport, and most of them stated to be “generally aligned” with WOAH standards, there are still many countries in the Region where certain crucial requirements are not mandatory. Journey and contingency plans are commonly part of the specific legislation on animal welfare during transport, as well as monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the legal requirements concerning animal transport by the Competent Authority or other certification bodies. The presence of major gaps in budget and/or available resources and trained personnel was declared by almost half of the responding Members (21 out of 47). Concerning the awareness of the civil society regarding animal welfare issues during transport, 11 Members reported a “low” level of awareness, and they were mostly included in the areas of Southern Europe, Western and Central Asia. The greatest part of Members responding “high awareness” clustered in the Northern and Western Europe geographical areas. Members were also asked to indicate possible WOAH initiatives that could improve the implementation of the standards, and most of them suggested to develop training activities and provide additional guidance through revised and/or new standards in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and/or through other WOAH documents.

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Hrynick, Tabitha, Godefroid Muzalia und Myfanwy James. Key Considerations: Risk Communication and Community Engagement for Mpox Vaccination in Eastern DRC. Institute of Development Studies, Juli 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.024.

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This brief presents social and political considerations for the design and implementation of vaccination-related risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) strategies for mpox in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). A nationwide outbreak of mpox (clade I) was declared in late 2022 and now affects 23 of its 26 provinces. Notably, the outbreak is characterised by widespread human-to-human transmission unlike previous outbreaks primarily involving animal-human contact. While mpox hotspots are emerging around the country, this brief focuses on eastern DRC where complex political history and ongoing armed conflict – on top of poor infrastructure and rural isolation of many communities – present significant challenges. These challenges demand carefully designed and tailored strategies. Furthermore, a mutated, more virulent mpox strain has also emerged in the eastern province of South Kivu. Although little remains known about transmission dynamics in the outbreak overall, sexual transmission of the new strain is of concern, putting stigmatised populations such as sex workers and others at risk. Overall, however, children are the most affected population, with transmission driven by close physical contact. Along with pregnant women and people with compromised immunity (e.g., people with HIV/AIDS), children are also at higher risk of complications and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends targeted vaccination approaches in the context of mpox outbreaks, including as postexposure prophylaxis for these populations. The DRC Ministry of Public Health has announced intentions to vaccinate both children and adults with the LC16 and MVA-BN mpox vaccines, respectively, under a temporary emergency use authorisation as these vaccines are not yet approved in the country. Efforts are now mobilising to design vaccine and related RCCE interventions. This brief draws on a SSHAP roundtable discussion on mpox in the DRC (May 2024), consultation with social science experts and health and humanitarian actors active in or knowledgeable about the region and outbreak, and academic and grey literature.

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Gordoncillo, Mary Joy N., Ronello C. Abila und Gregorio Torres. The Contributions of STANDZ Initiative to Dog Rabies Elimination in South-East Asia. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), Januar 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2789.

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A Grant Agreement between the Government of Australia and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ), initiative includes a rabies component with an overarching intended outcome of reducing dog rabies incidence in targeted areas. This initiative envisaged regional rabies activities in South-East Asia as well as specifically designed pilot projects in the Philippines, Myanmar and Cambodia. While remaining anchored to the envisioned outcome, its implementation from 2013 to 2016 also leveraged on the resources made available through the initiative to strategically generate tools, materials and examples that can potentially bridge long-standing gaps on dog rabies elimination in the region. This included developing approaches on rabies communication strategy, risk-based approach for the prioritization of mass dog vaccination, rabies case investigation, post-vaccination monitoring, building capacity through pilot vaccination projects, One Health operationalization at the grass-root level, and reinforcing high-level political support through regional and national rabies strategy development. These are briefly described in this paper and are also further detailed in a series of publications which individually document these approaches for future utility of the countries in the region, or wherever these may be deemed fitting. The STANDZ rabies initiative leaves behind a legacy of materials and mechanisms that can potentially contribute in strategically addressing rabies in the region and in achieving the global vision of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030.

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Abbas, Syed, Soha Karam, Megan Schmidt-Sane und Jennifer Palmer. Social Considerations for Monkeypox Response. Institute of Development Studies, Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.021.

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Given the health, social, and economic upheavals of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is understandable anxiety about another virus, monkeypox, quickly emerging in many countries around the world. In West and Central Africa, where the disease has been endemic for several decades, monkeypox transmission in people usually happens in short, controllable chains of infection after contact with infected animal reservoirs. Recent monkeypox infections have been identified in non-endemic regions, with most occurring through longer chains of human-to-human spread in people without a history of contact with animals or travel to endemic regions. These seemingly different patterns of disease have prompted public health investigation. However, ending chains of monkeypox transmission requires a better understanding of the social, ecological and scientific interconnections between endemic and non-endemic areas. In this set of companion briefs, we lay out social considerations from previous examples of disease emergence to reflect on 1) the range of response strategies available to control monkeypox, and 2) specific considerations for monkeypox risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). We aim for these briefs to be used by public health practitioners and advisors involved in developing responses to the ongoing monkeypox outbreak, particularly in non-endemic countries. This brief on social considerations for monkeypox response was written by Syed Abbas (IDS), Soha Karam (Anthrologica), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Jennifer Palmer (LSHTM), with contributions from Hayley MacGregor (IDS), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). The brief was reviewed by Boghuma Titanji (Emory University School of Medicine). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.

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Au, Whitlow W., und Beth Howard. Third International Conference on Acoustic Communication by Animals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599285.

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Hrynick, Tabitha, Godefroid Muzalia und Myfanwy James. Considérations clés : Communication des risques et engagement communautaire pour la vaccination contre la mpox dans l’est de la République démocratique du Congo. Institute of Development Studies, Juli 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.032.

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Cette note stratégique présente des considérations sociales et politiques pour la conception et la mise en œuvre de stratégies de communication des risques et d’engagement communautaire (CREC) liées à la vaccination contre la mpox en République démocratique du Congo (RDC). Une flambée épidémique de mpox (clade I) à l’échelle nationale a été déclarée fin 2022 et touche désormais 23 de ses 26 provinces. En particulier, la flambée épidémique est caractérisée par une transmission interhumaine généralisée, contrairement aux précédentes, qui impliquaient principalement un contact animal-humain. Tandis que des foyers de mpox émergent dans tout le pays, cette note stratégique se concentre sur l’est de la RDC. Cette région est caractérisée par des défis importants, tels que des antécédents politiques complexes et un conflit armé en cours, – ainsi que par un manque d’infrastructures et par l’isolement rural de nombreuses communautés. Ces défis exigent des stratégies conçues et adaptées avec précaution. En outre, une souche du virus de la mpox mutée et plus virulente est également apparue dans la province orientale du Sud-Kivu. Bien que de manière générale, il reste peu de choses à savoir sur la dynamique de transmission de l’épidémie, la transmission par voie sexuelle de la nouvelle souche est préoccupante, et fait courir un risque aux populations stigmatisées telles que les travailleurs du sexe, ainsi qu’à d’autres groupes. Toutefois, dans l’ensemble, les enfants sont la population la plus touchée, la transmission étant associée à un contact physique étroit. Au même titre que les femmes enceintes et les personnes immunodéprimées (p. ex., les personnes atteintes du VIH/SIDA), les enfants sont également exposés à un risque accru de complications et de décès. L’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) recommande des approches de vaccination ciblées dans le contexte des flambées épidémiques de mpox, y compris en tant que prophylaxie post-exposition pour ces populations. Le ministère de la Santé publique de la RDC a annoncé son intention de vacciner les enfants et les adultes avec les vaccins contre la mpox LC16 et MVA-BN, respectivement, par le biais d’une autorisation d’utilisation d’urgence temporaire, étant donné que ces vaccins ne sont pas encore approuvés dans le pays. Actuellement, les efforts se mobilisent pour concevoir des vaccins et des interventions de CREC connexes. Cette note stratégique s’appuie sur une Table ronde de la SSHAP sur la mpox en RDC (mai 2024), une consultation avec des spécialistes des sciences sociales, des professionnels de la santé et des intervenants de l’aide humanitaire actifs au sein de la région, ou bien informés sur la région et la flambée épidémique, ainsi que sur des publications universitaires et la littérature grise.

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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Syed Abbas, Soha Karam und Jennifer Palmer. RCCE Strategies for Monkeypox Response. SSHAP, Juni 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.020.

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Given the health, social, and economic upheavals of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is understandable anxiety about another virus, monkeypox, quickly emerging in many countries around the world. In West and Central Africa, where the disease has been endemic for several decades, monkeypox transmission in humans usually occurs in short, controllable chains of infection after contact with infected animal reservoirs. Recent monkeypox infections have been identified in non-endemic regions, with most occurring through longer chains of human-to-human spread in people without a history of contact with animals or travel to endemic regions. These seemingly different patterns of disease have prompted public health investigation. However, ending chains of monkeypox transmission requires a better understanding of the social, ecological and scientific interconnections between endemic and non-endemic areas. This brief is intended to be read in conjunction with the companion brief entitled ‘Social Considerations for Monkeypox Response’.1 In this set of briefs, we lay out social considerations from previous examples of disease emergence to reflect on 1) the range of response strategies available to control monkeypox, and 2) specific considerations for monkeypox risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). These briefs are intended to be used by public health practitioners and advisors involved in developing responses to the ongoing monkeypox outbreak, particularly in non-endemic countries. This brief on RCCE strategies for monkeypox response was written by Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Syed Abbas (IDS), Soha Karam (Anthrologica), and Jennifer Palmer (LSHTM), with contributions from Hayley MacGregor (IDS), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). It was reviewed by Will Nutland (The Love Tank CIC/PrEPster) and was edited by Victoria Haldane (Anthrologica). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.

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Bengio, Yoshua, Caroline Lequesne, Hugo Loiseau, Jocelyn Maclure, Juliette Powell, Sonja Solomun und Lyse Langlois. Dialogues interdisciplinaires : les risques majeurs de l'IA générative. Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l'IA et du numérique, März 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61737/yrcp3187.

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À travers une série captivante de Dialogues interdisciplinaires sur les impacts sociétaux de l’IA, nous convions une ou un invité et des intervenantes et intervenants, provenant des sciences et génies, de la santé et des sciences humaines et sociales, à venir discuter des avancées, des défis et des opportunités soulevés par l’IA. Le premier dialogue de cette série débute avec Yoshua Bengio, qui, préoccupé par les développements de l’IA générative et des risques majeurs qu’ils engendrent pour la société, a initié l’organisation d’une conférence à ce sujet. Cette activité s’est déroulée le 14 août 2023 à Montréal et avait pour but d’engager une réflexion collective et interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux et risques posés par les récents développements de l’IA. La conférence a pris la forme d’un panel, animé par Juliette Powell, auquel était convié sept spécialistes provenant de disciplines variées : informatique (Yoshua Bengio et Golnoosh Farnadi), droit (Caroline Lequesne et Claire Boine), philosophie (Jocelyn Maclure), communication (Sonja Solomun) et science politique (Hugo Loiseau). Le présent document est ainsi issu de ce premier dialogue interdisciplinaire sur les impacts sociétaux de l’IA. Par la suite, les intervenantes et intervenants ont été invités à répondre de manière concise, dans la langue de leur choix, à des questions soulevées lors de cette activité.

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Murray, Chris, Keith Williams, Norrie Millar, Monty Nero, Amy O'Brien und Damon Herd. A New Palingenesis. University of Dundee, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001273.

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Robert Duncan Milne (1844-99), from Cupar, Fife, was a pioneering author of science fiction stories, most of which appeared in San Francisco’s Argonaut magazine in the 1880s and ’90s. SF historian Sam Moskowitz credits Milne with being the first full-time SF writer, and his contribution to the genre is arguably greater than anyone else including Stevenson and Conan Doyle, yet it has all but disappeared into oblivion. Milne was fascinated by science. He drew on the work of Scottish physicists and inventors such as James Clark Maxwell and Alexander Graham Bell into the possibilities of electromagnetic forces and new communications media to overcome distances in space and time. Milne wrote about visual time-travelling long before H.G. Wells. He foresaw virtual ‘tele-presencing’, remote surveillance, mobile phones and worldwide satellite communications – not to mention climate change, scientific terrorism and drone warfare, cryogenics and molecular reengineering. Milne also wrote on alien life forms, artificial immortality, identity theft and personality exchange, lost worlds and the rediscovery of extinct species. ‘A New Palingenesis’, originally published in The Argonaut on July 7th 1883, and adapted in this comic, is a secular version of the resurrection myth. Mary Shelley was the first scientiser of the occult to rework the supernatural idea of reanimating the dead through the mysterious powers of electricity in Frankenstein (1818). In Milne’s story, in which Doctor S- dissolves his terminally ill wife’s body in order to bring her back to life in restored health, is a striking, further modernisation of Frankenstein, to reflect late-nineteenth century interest in electromagnetic science and spiritualism. In particular, it is a retelling of Shelley’s narrative strand about Frankenstein’s aborted attempt to shape a female mate for his creature, but also his misogynistic ambition to bypass the sexual principle in reproducing life altogether. By doing so, Milne interfused Shelley’s updating of the Promethean myth with others. ‘A New Palingenesis’ is also a version of Pygmalion and his male-ordered, wish-fulfilling desire to animate his idealised female sculpture, Galatea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, perhaps giving a positive twist to Orpheus’s attempt to bring his corpse-bride Eurydice back from the underworld as well? With its basis in spiritualist ideas about the soul as a kind of electrical intelligence, detachable from the body but a material entity nonetheless, Doctor S- treats his wife as an ‘intelligent battery’. He is thus able to preserve her personality after death and renew her body simultaneously because that captured electrical intelligence also carries a DNA-like code for rebuilding the individual organism itself from its chemical constituents. The descriptions of the experiment and the body’s gradual re-materialisation are among Milne’s most visually impressive, anticipating the X-raylike anatomisation and reversal of Griffin’s disappearance process in Wells’s The Invisible Man (1897). In the context of the 1880s, it must have been a compelling scientisation of the paranormal, combining highly technical descriptions of the Doctor’s system of electrically linked glass coffins with ghostly imagery. It is both dramatic and highly visual, even cinematic in its descriptions, and is here brought to life in the form of a comic.

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