Dissertationen zum Thema „And Contiguous Atlantic Area“
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Vasko, Erik S. „Power Scaling of the Mainland Shoreline of the Contiguous United States“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1527259316331524.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHenschel, Christopher Paul. „Comparing species-area curves from contiguous forest and forest fragments, a rigorous test for faunal collapse“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ27508.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTheodorelos, Susan Lynn. „NATO's Out-of-Area dilemma“. Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA246233.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThesis Advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald. Second Reader: Stockton, Paul. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 30, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): NATO, Political Alliances, Theses, Geography, Cold War, Language, Confinement(General), Treaties, Threats, Boundaries. DTIC Identifier(s): Out-Of-Area, Alliances, European, Collective Security, Middle East. Author(s) subject terms: Out-of-Area, NATO, extra-European, collective security, alliances, NATO and the Middle East. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-101). Also available in print.
Burns, William C. G. „Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and contiguous Area (ACCOBAMS) : problems and prospects“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55150/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOmran, Mohamed Ahmed. „Geophysical studies in the Hebrides Terrace seamount area“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSkidmore, P. „A dipterological perspective on the Holocene history of the North Atlantic area“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14628/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChan, Weihan. „Relationships between Arctic summer sea-ice area and the subsequent winter North Atlantic Oscillation“. Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 153 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605136701&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLange, John David. „An Evaluation of Closed Area Boundaries of the Sea Scallop Stock in the Middle Atlantic Bight“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617796.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLins, Sílvia Rafaela Machado. „Nutrients dynamics in tropical forest fragments located in an area of Atlantic Forest of the state of Alagoas“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-17102017-103106/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA Floresta Atlântica do Nordeste do Brasil contém milhares de fragmentos de florestas em diferentes estágios de regeneração, alguns se recuperando de campos agrícolas abandonados, enquanto outros se recuperam de distúrbios crônicos como incêndio, extração de madeira e caça furtiva. Alguns desses fragmentos ficaram protegidos por várias razões: responsabilidade corporativa, cumprimento do código florestal, preservação da biodiversidade, entre outros. Embora estes fragmentos estejam longe de ter a mesma riqueza de espécies vegetais e animais, podem desempenhar importantes serviços ecossistêmicos, como proteção de corpos d\'água, reservatório de importantes nutrientes e carbono. Isso é especialmente importante se considerarmos que há iniciativas globais como o REDD+ que visam avaliar florestas secundárias e de recuperação como importantes reservatórios de carbono (C). Por outro lado, a gestão e preservação destes fragmentos dependem de um conhecimento sólido sobre a sua estrutura e ciclo de nutrientes. Há uma literatura relativamente rica sobre a perda de biodiversidade nestes fragmentos florestais do Nordeste. No entanto, muito menos está disponível sobre a estrutura e o funcionamento destes fragmentos. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o preenchimento desta lacuna, fornecendo informações científicas sólidas sobre quatro áreas florestais e uma floresta secundária, onde foi implantado um programa de restauração no Estado de Alagoas, Nordeste do Brasil. Após uma breve introdução, o capítulo um discute a estrutura desses fragmentos através de um inventário florestal completo, onde a densidade indivíduos, sua altura e diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) foram medidos para cada árvore com DAP >= 10 cm. Com esses dados alométricos, estimamos a área basal e a biomassa viva acima do solo (AGLB), comparando esses atributos com outras estimativas disponíveis na literatura. No capítulo dois, investigamos a distribuição de nutrientes nos fragmentos florestais, onde medimos a concentração foliar de C, nitrogênio (N) e fósforo (P). Ao mesmo tempo, medimos durante um ano a massa da serapilheira em cada fragmento e seu teor de nutrientes. Com essas informações pudemos estabelecer como essas áreas ciclam seus principais nutrientes limitantes e C. Finalmente, no último capítulo abordamos a partição dos estoques de C e nutrientes, acima e abaixo do solo, com o objetivo de avaliar a importância dos pools de C e nutrientes nos fragmentos de floresta e entender qual o papel desses fragmentos em um mundo que necessita urgentemente estocar C em um reservatório sustentável.
Horni, Hanna í. „British and U.S. post-neutrality policy in the North Atlantic area 09.04.1940-1945 : the role of Danish representatives“. Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42732.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCave, Rachel R. „A geochemical study of hydrothermal signals in marine sediments : the Rainbow hydrothermal area, 36degN on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395957.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarnegie, Ryan B. „Size-Specific Fecundity of the Sea Scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, during One Spawning Period in the Mid-Atlantic Resource Area“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617666.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMendes-Simão, Nuno. „Seismicity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the MoMAR area at a regional scale, observed by autonomous hydrophone arrays“. Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe principal avantage des réseaux d’AuH, pour la surveillance sismique des dorsales océaniques, est leur faible seuil de détection. Cependant, les variations de seuil de détection entre les réseaux d’AuH déployés au voisinage de Açores, peuvent influencer le nombre de séismes enregistrés. Ces variations doivent donc être analysées avant interprétation de la sismicité. L’amplitude acoustique à la source (SL) d’un séisme dépend surtout de l’efficacité de la conversion séismoacoustique mais aussi, dans une moindre mesure, des effets de propagation. Un autre avantage, la possibilité d’estimer l’erreur de localisation pour différentes géométries des réseaux et de topographie du fond, est présenté pour touts les réseaux d’AuH déployés sur la Dorsale Médio Atlantique (MAR). L’analyse de la séismicité de la MAR montre que la sismicité enregistrée par les AuH ressemble à celle enregistrée par les réseaux à terre au cours des 40 années passées. La distribution spatiale de cette sismicité est liée aux variations du régime thermique de la croute le long de la dorsale. Des essaims de séismes, enregistrés par les AuH, sont liés à des télé-séismes et les sections où ils se produisent sont les plus actives. A l’échelle du segment, les essaims se groupent en extrémité et au voisinage de maxima de la MBA. L’analyse des distributions des SL et du taux de diminution du nombre des répliques indique que les failles de détachement produisent des essaims avec des diminutions plus rapides du nombre des répliques, que les failles normales. Cette observation serait associée à des contraintes plus faibles sur les failles de détachement et impliquerait un niveau de serpentinisation plus important
Barbieri, Luiz R. „Life history, population dynamics and yield-per-recruit modeling of Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus, in the Chesapeake Bay area“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616560.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHope, David. „Britain and the fur trade : commerce and consumers in the North-Atlantic world, 1783-1821“. Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/31598/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKramer, Bryan K. „NATO and forward defense : an analysis of expeditionary capabilities and out-of-area-security /“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FKramer.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThesis Advisor(s): Hans-Eberhard Peters, Donald Abenheim. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-119). Also available online.
Elam, Caitlin Elizabeth. „Flora, Plant Communities, and Soils of a Significant Natural Area in the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain (Craven County, North Carolina)“. NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11092007-123710/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeitold, Veronika. „Airborne LiDAR-based estimates of tropical forest structure and ground topography in a mountainous area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest“. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2014. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2014/03.17.04.12.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuantification of tropical forest biomass and characterization of forest structure at fine scales is critical for a better understanding of the role of tropical ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. LiDAR remote sensing is a powerful tool for assessing 3D vegetation structure and estimating aboveground forest biomass, provided that LiDAR measurements penetrate dense forest vegetation to generate accurate estimates of surface topography and canopy heights. Dense tropical forest canopies present various challenges for LiDAR remo te sensing, especially in areas of steep topography where much of the remaining Atlantic Forest is concentrated. Airbome LiDAR data were acquired from a commercial provider for a region of the Serra do Mar State Park in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, a mountainous area with steep slopes covered by mature tropical dense forest. Digital terrain models (DTMs) derived from all LiDAR data were compared to 35 ground control points measured with survey grade GNSS receivers, post-processed with differential correction. The two LiDAR-based terrain mo dels were extremely accurate, with mean signed errors of 0.19 m ($\pm 0.97$ m) and 0.18 m ($\pm$ 0.95 m) compared to ground points. Random thinning of the original LiDAR point density (20 points/$m^{2}$) decreased the accuracy of the terrain mode1s, with signed errors rising to 0.38 m ($\pm$ 1.32 m), 1.12 m ($\pm$ 2.04 m), 1.59 m ($\pm$ 3.13 m) and 3.21 m ($\pm$ 3.12 m) as point density was reduced to 8, 4, 2 and 1 points/m-, respective1y. Offsets between LiDAR DTMs and ground data in submontane areas were consistently higher than those in montane areas, possibly reflecting the varying complexity of the terrain and the effects of variable ranging distance. Canopy heights ca1culated from the thinned LiDAR data also differed significantly from canopy heights estimated with the full LiDAR density. Mean canopy surface height decreased by 3\%, 8\%, 16\% and 25\% as retum density was reduced to 8, 4, 2 and 1 points/m-, respectively. The magnitude of change in canopy height was greater in submontane plots (range of 0.79-6.08 m) than in montane plots (range of 0.60-4.24 m) within all data density classes. Low variation in vegetation surface model elevations with reduced data density indicated that the decrease in canopy heights was due to the difficulty to characterize topography precisely and not the inability to capture the top heights of trees. Metrics of canopy structure and terrain characteristics derived from the full-density LiDAR data were significantly related to aboveground biomass components in 1-ha permanent plots at the study site. Canopy gap fraction showed close correspondence with aboveground biomass loss ($R^{2}$ = 0.87) and net change ($R^{2}$ = 0.91), while mean canopy surface height explained 43\% of the variation in total aboveground biomass and 68\% of the variation in total basal area. Both canopy gap fraction and rates of mortality were lower on steep terrain than on gentler slopes, suggesting that steeper slopes might provi de more favorable conditions (nutrient, water and light availability) for tree growth and biomass accumulation than flat terrain. Given the growing emphasis on the use of airbome LiDAR for forest management and conservation efforts (REDD+), the results of this study highlight the importance of careful survey planning and consistent sampling frames for accurate quantification of aboveground biomass stocks and dynamics. In mountainous terrain under closed-canopy tropical forest, such as the Atlantic Forest of the Serra do Mar, low-density LiDAR coverage will underestimate biomass and might not characterize truthfully the spatial heterogeneity of forest structure.
Melo, Daniella da Silva Nogueira de. „Atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul“. Marília, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152858.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResumo: No período da Guerra Fria, o desempenho da OTAN fora dos limites territoriais abrangidos pelo Artigo 6º sucedia-se por meio de arranjos informais e operações que não estivessem sob o seu comando. Logo, a atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul ocorreu de forma bastante limita-da em decorrência da ausência de uma política oficial acerca das operações out-of-area. Com o fim da era bipolar, a OTAN ganhou maior espaço de atuação no mundo e deixou de ser uma mera aliança militar, sob a base da defesa coletiva e, transformou-se em uma organização de segurança coletiva. Do mesmo modo, ao longo dos anos 2000, o Atlântico Sul adquire impor-tância estratégica aos olhos das potências globais e regionais, constituindo-se como uma área de oportunidades econômicas para conquista de autonomia energética e de projeção de poder político e militar. Portanto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a atuação da Or-ganização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) no ambiente geoestratégico do Atlântico Sul. Isso serve para compreender as motivações que conduzem os membros a envolver a or-ganização em uma área que oferece poucas ameaças às suas seguranças e que não foi contem-plada no seu mais recente Conceito Estratégico de 2010. Nessa pesquisa, elencam-se três fato-res de envolvimento da Aliança na região: os recursos naturais, a realidade de segurança e a crescente presença de China, Índia, Rússia. Temos que para países como França, Inglaterra, Portugal e EUA, que já possuem significativa influ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the period of the Cold War, NATO's performance outside the territorial boundaries covered by Article 6 was provided through informal arrangements and operations that were not under its command. Therefore, NATO's action in the South Atlantic had occurred in a very limited way due to the absence of an official policy on out-of-area operations. With the end of the bi-polar era, NATO gained more space in the world and it is no longer only to be a mere military alliance, under the base of collective defense, and became a collective security organization. Likewise, throughout the 2000s, the South Atlantic acquired strategic importance in the eyes of global and regional powers, constituting itself as an area of economic opportunities for the achievement of energy autonomy and the projection of political and military power. There-fore, the aim of the research is to analyze how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operates in the geostrategic environment of the South Atlantic. This is to understand the motivations that lead members to involve the organization in an area that offers few threats to its security and that was not contemplated in its most recent Strategic Concept 2010. In this research, there are three factors of Alliance's involvement in the region: natural re-sources, security reality and the increasing presence of China, India, Russia. For countries such as France, England, Portugal and the USA, which already have significant influence in the region, there a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Melo, Daniella da Silva Nogueira de [UNESP]. „Atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152858.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
No período da Guerra Fria, o desempenho da OTAN fora dos limites territoriais abrangidos pelo Artigo 6º sucedia-se por meio de arranjos informais e operações que não estivessem sob o seu comando. Logo, a atuação da OTAN no Atlântico Sul ocorreu de forma bastante limita-da em decorrência da ausência de uma política oficial acerca das operações out-of-area. Com o fim da era bipolar, a OTAN ganhou maior espaço de atuação no mundo e deixou de ser uma mera aliança militar, sob a base da defesa coletiva e, transformou-se em uma organização de segurança coletiva. Do mesmo modo, ao longo dos anos 2000, o Atlântico Sul adquire impor-tância estratégica aos olhos das potências globais e regionais, constituindo-se como uma área de oportunidades econômicas para conquista de autonomia energética e de projeção de poder político e militar. Portanto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a atuação da Or-ganização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) no ambiente geoestratégico do Atlântico Sul. Isso serve para compreender as motivações que conduzem os membros a envolver a or-ganização em uma área que oferece poucas ameaças às suas seguranças e que não foi contem-plada no seu mais recente Conceito Estratégico de 2010. Nessa pesquisa, elencam-se três fato-res de envolvimento da Aliança na região: os recursos naturais, a realidade de segurança e a crescente presença de China, Índia, Rússia. Temos que para países como França, Inglaterra, Portugal e EUA, que já possuem significativa influência na região, há maiores vantagens em engajar a OTAN no Atlântico Sul. Por outro lado, a falta de clareza dos objetivos da organi-zação na região cria uma imagem de desconfiança para as potências regionais (Brasil, Argen-tina) que assumem uma postura defensiva em evitar a interferência de atores extrarregionais em seus espaços estratégicos. De forma geral, a pesquisa mostra que a participação da Aliança no Atlântico Sul serve para reforçar os interesses dos aliados e reformular as relações de força na região por meio de acordos diplomáticos, exercícios militares conjuntos, formação de par-cerias, intercâmbio de recursos e capacidades como se vê nas relações da OTAN com Cabo Verde, Mauritânia, Colômbia e outros países desse entorno regional.
In the period of the Cold War, NATO's performance outside the territorial boundaries covered by Article 6 was provided through informal arrangements and operations that were not under its command. Therefore, NATO's action in the South Atlantic had occurred in a very limited way due to the absence of an official policy on out-of-area operations. With the end of the bi-polar era, NATO gained more space in the world and it is no longer only to be a mere military alliance, under the base of collective defense, and became a collective security organization. Likewise, throughout the 2000s, the South Atlantic acquired strategic importance in the eyes of global and regional powers, constituting itself as an area of economic opportunities for the achievement of energy autonomy and the projection of political and military power. There-fore, the aim of the research is to analyze how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operates in the geostrategic environment of the South Atlantic. This is to understand the motivations that lead members to involve the organization in an area that offers few threats to its security and that was not contemplated in its most recent Strategic Concept 2010. In this research, there are three factors of Alliance's involvement in the region: natural re-sources, security reality and the increasing presence of China, India, Russia. For countries such as France, England, Portugal and the USA, which already have significant influence in the region, there are greater advantages in engaging NATO in the South Atlantic. On the other hand, the lack of clarity of the organization's objectives in the region creates a distrust image for the regional powers (Brazil, Argentina) that take a defensive stance in avoiding the inter-ference of extra-regional actors in their strategic spaces. Overall, the research shows that the Alliance's participation in the South Atlantic serves to reinforce the interests of allies and to reshape the region's power relations through diplomatic agreements, joint military exercises, partnerships, exchange of resources and capacity as it is seen in NATO relations with Cape Verde, Mauritania, Colombia and other countries in this region.
Jones, Brian Paul. „Determination and Manipulation of Leaf Area Index to Facilitate Site-Specific Management of Double-Crop Soybean in the Mid-Atlantic, U.S.A“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31566.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaster of Science
Cook, April B. „Deep-Pelagic (0-3000m) Fish Assemblage Structure Over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Area of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617899.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRyan, Winifred L. „Socioeconomic effects of area management and the potential for community-based co-management: A case study of the Atlantic sea scallop fishery“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616834.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoff, Kevin D. „Ring Diameter and Closed Area Scallop Fisheries: The Performance of a Dredge with 4" Rings in the Atlantic Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Fishery, in the Context of an Area Rotation Management Scheme“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617790.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLia, Luis Renato Bastos. „Diagnostico ambiental integrado da area de influencia do descarte do material dragado do estuario de Santos“. [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: A Costa da Mata Atlântica é uma região do Estado de São Paulo com uma grande importância econômica, principalmente devido ao porto de Santos, o maior da América Latina e ao complexo industrial de Cubatão. O estuário da região foi impactado ao longo de anos pelas atividades antrópicas das indústrias, porto e da população residente nas vizinhanças do estuário. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma metodologia integrada para um diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do descarte do material dragado no sistema estuarino de Santos. Nas campanhas de monitoramento foram avaliadas a qualidade das águas e sedimentos através de análises físico-químicas e ecotoxicológicas. As amostras foram coletadas em nove estações de amostragem, sendo uma delas na região de disposição do material dragado e as demais na zona costeira dos municípios de Praia Grande, Santos, Guarujá e Bertioga. No intervalo de tempo entre as duas campanhas avaliadas, foi dado início às atividades de dragagem do canal de Piaçaguera. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos padrões da legislação brasileira para águas salinas (Resolução CONAMA nº 357/05) e sedimentos (Resolução CONAMA nº 344/04). Em uma das campanhas também foi avaliada a comunidade de fundo inconsolidado (bentos). A integração dos resultados foi realizada através de diferentes métodos incluindo técnicas de análise multivariada. A aplicação do método de Análise de Fatores elucidou a relação dos contaminantes ambientais com os efeitos biológicos observados. Confirmou-se que uma abordagem integrada utilizando diversas técnicas é necessária para caracterizar regiões impactadas. As duas campanhas avaliadas apresentaram padrões e estruturas diferentes que foram evidenciadas pela Análise de Fatores e correlações. Foi possível propor uma metodologia sistematizada para o diagnóstico da região estudada e espera-se que, de alguma forma, este trabalho possa fornecer subsídios de gestão e controle ambiental das atividades de dragagem, para as empresas envolvidas e órgãos ambientais
Abstract: The Atlantic Forest coastal plain which surrounds the city of Santos in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, has a great economic importance, principally due to the port of Santos, the largest in Latin America, and the Cubatão industrial complex. The region¿s estuary has been polluted by multiple contaminant sources for decades, due to industrial, portuary and human activities. The aim of this work is to develop and apply an integrated method of environmental assessment of the dredging disposal site in Santos estuarine system (SES). Samples of water and sediment were collected at nine monitoring stations in order to perform physical, chemical and ecotoxicological analyses. One of the stations is at the actual disposal site, while the others are situated along the shorelines of the cities of Praia Grande, Santos, Guarujá and Bertioga. The dredging activities in the Piaçaguera channel, part of SES, started between the two sampling campaigns. The results are compared with Brazilian and foreign guidelines for sediment and water quality. In one of the campaigns, the benthic community was also analysed. The results were integrated by different methods including multivariated statistical analysis. The application of Factor Analysis explained the relationship between the chemical contaminants and the observed biological responses. It was confirmed that an integrated approach with different tools is necessary to the characterization of polluted sites. It was possible to propose a diagnosis method for the region studied and contribute to the pollution control and environment assessment performed by the companies involved as well as state and federal environmental organizations
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Fournier, Gislene Fatima da Silva Rocha. „Epidemiological aspects of semi-domiciled domestic dogs present in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest Area of Caraguatatuba City and the correlation between the genetic variability of dogs ticks and the wild environment“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-06082018-094539/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConsiderado o carnívoro mais abundante do mundo, o cão doméstico pode causar impactos negativos quando presente em áreas florestadas. Cães podem desenvolver diferentes papéis no ambiente em que vivem desde caçador, pastor, guardião, companheiro e até mesmo relações mais afetivas em que o cão é visto como um membro da família. Estes papéis estão intimamente ligados ao modo de vida de seus proprietários. Em Caraguatatuba, cães que vivem no entorno da Serra do Mar, uma importante Unidade de Conservação da Mata Atlântica, são comumente parasitados por Amblyomma ovale. A partir de dados obtidos através de três anos de monitoramento em três diferentes áreas do entorno do Parque Estadual Serra do Mar Núcleo Caraguatatuba, foi possível gerar resultados que auxiliam no entendimento das causas e consequências da presença do cão no entorno da floresta e sua participação na epidemiologia da riquetsiose e rangeliose. Comparando o estilo de vida dos proprietários e o papel do cão no ambiente em que ele está inserido, foi possível estimar o risco de transmição de Rickettsia parkeri para estes cães. Além disso, através da análise molecular dos indivíduos de A. ovale coletados em cães e também coletados em vida livre, foi possível inferir sobre a estrutura e genética populacional deste parasita na Serra do Mar em Caraguatatuba, importante corredor ecológico para a fauna silvestre da Mata Atlântica.
Martensen, Alexandre Camargo. „Conservação de aves de sub-bosque em paisagens fragmentadas: Importância da cobertura e da configuração do hábitat“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-26092008-133514/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLandscape aspects such as habitat amount, fragment size and connectivity, have been suggested as key features for maintaining species in altered landscapes, and thus are essential to be modeled and comprehended for management and conservation purposes. To test their effects on understory Atlantic forest bird species, we built models with variables representing fragment size and functional connectivity in 3 landscapes with different proportions of forest (14, 31 and 45%), and confronted with data from more than 4,818 individuals captured in 53 fragments of different sizes (2.06 to 158.45 ha) and connectivitys (connected by corridors, or by short distances), and then we ranked under a model selection approach (AIC). A total of 117 species were recorded, and the landscape with higher amount of forest was richer (87) than the two others which presented a similar lower richness (62 and 70), what suggests a threshold amount of habitat between 32 to 44%. Configuration aspects were important in all cases; however, different characteristics influenced species richness and abundance in each landscape. Patch size was important in determining species richness and abundance in the landscape with low amount of habitat, while connectivity aspects were crucial in the landscapes with higher amounts of habitat. Within the connectivity models, particularly the ones that take in to account the connectivity by corridors, but also the ones that consider short movements through the matrix are far better supported, then the ones by longer distances gaps. Moreover, specieslevel analyses yielded results similar to the pattern found for the whole assemblage, and the configuration variable influence varied along the habitat conversion gradient. The results presented here are important for management planning towards conservation, and should be considered in site selection for conservation, restoration or any other kind of management.
Figueiredo, Giovanna Correa e. „Cetáceos na costa sudeste do Brasil: ocorrência, distribuição e inferência de nicho“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-04042018-152425/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is deemed important to understand cetacean occurrence and distribution to comprehend their ecological roles. The geographical occurrence of species\' niche can be used to evaluate their potential distribution. The niche can be defined using environmental variables. Those variables are considered static and are not affected by biological activities. The present study goal is to access the occurrence and distribution of cetaceans along the southeastern Brazilian coast, as well as to define the fundamental niche of the species and the overlap between their potential distribution areas. Sighting data were obtained through oceanographic surveys conducted between 2012 and 2015. The environmental variables available on MARSPEC and the software NicheA were used for the ecological niche modeling. A total of twelve cetacean species were identified during the cruises. The potential distribution areas of the six commonest species were defined. Even though the species presented different environmental preferences, most of them had partial overlap between niches and potential distribution areas.
Branikas, Spyros. „NATO continuity and change : the Atlantic Alliance as an institution, organization and force by reference to Articles 4, 5, and 6 of the Washington Treaty“. Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1291.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis examines the evolution of NATO as an institution in the International System by reference to Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Washington Treaty of 1949. Initially, the thesis considers NATO from an international relations perspective. It then proceeds to examine the institutional evolutionary process of the Alliance since its inception and implementation in 1949. Furthermore, it explores the significance and the meaning of the aforementioned Articles. This thesis utilizes the case study method and refers to four distinct events that have shaped allied policies and strategies: the Suez Crisis of 1956, the establishment of the politico-military consultation process, the Yom Kippur War (1973), and the end of the Cold War (1989-1991). It also examines the allied policies after the events of September 11, 2001. Moreover, it identifies a general pattern of events pertinent to crisis creation inside NATO when the organization is facing a defense issue outside the Euro-Atlantic area. Finally, the thesis concludes that NATO is more than an ordinary military Alliance, as advocated by its longevity, agility and adaptability, which allows the Alliance to maintain a central position in the International System as a robust politico-military organization.
Lieutenant Commander, Hellenic Navy
Campoe, Otávio Camargo. „Efeito de práticas silviculturais sobre a produtividade primária líquida de madeira, o índice de área foliar e a eficiência do uso da luz em plantios de restauração da Mata Atlântica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-25072008-122441/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this study was to indentify the most appropriated restoration model by manipulating floristic composition and silvicultural practices, and to understand how the best development was explained by the factors that controls light use and light use efficiency at the canopy. A \"Restoration models for Atlantic Forest disturbed lands aiming carbon sequestration\" experiment was installed in 2004 using 20 Brazilian woody species and 8 forest restoration systems, in a factorial 23 design, with 3 factors and two levels per factor: i) Floristic composition with 67% and 50% of pioneer species; ii) Plant spacing (3x1m e 3x2m); and iii) Silvicultural management with usual (higher environmental stress level); and maximum (lower environmental stress level) silvicultural practices due to weed control and fertilization. Wood net primary production (WNPP), based on inventory surveys and wood density of all 20 species, leaf area index (LAI, with hemispherical pictures), absorbed photossintetically active radiation (APAR, on meteorological stations and LAI), light use efficiency (LUE=WNPP/APAR) and canopy nitrogen content was measured or estimated up to 42 months-old. The floristic composition proportion, with 50% and 67% of pioneers, were statistically equivalent, in all ages, for WNPP, LAI and LUE. The 3x1m spacing provided larger biomass stock at age of 42 months, comparatively to the 3x2m planting (13.0 Mg.ha-1 versus 10.3 Mg. ha-1), due a higher productivity until 24 months. However, WNPP of both spacing were equivalent after 36 months (5.5 Mg.ha-1year-1). The higher productivity of the 3x1m spacing was directly related to its greater leaf area index comparatively to the 3x2m spacing (0,98 m2m-2 versus 0.71 m2m-2). The maximum silvicultural practices provided a 4-fold increase on wood biomass at age 42 months, comparatively to the usual practices (18.6 Mg.ha-1 versus 4.6 Mg.ha-1). This larger stock was explained by a higher LAI (1.34 m2m-2 versus 0.34 m2m-2) leading to higher WNPP (8.5 Mg.ha-1year-1 versus 2.4 Mg. ha-1year-1, at 42 months). The Spacing x Management interaction was significant for LAI, LUE and WNPP, meaning that 3x2m and 3x1m spacing had distinct responses to environmental stress levels, showing that 3x2m depends on intensive silvicultural practices to express its maximum productivity. Finally, the WNPP was strongly related to LAI during summer months (at 36 months) (r2=0,96), and this relationship increased by the inclusion of canopy nitrogen content, showing that these two variables have a potential to be used to evaluate forest restoration quality and productivity. Thus, for the study conditions, the best model was: Composition 50%:50% of pioneer:non-pioneer species, 3x2m spacing, and the maximum silvicultural practices, with total weed control (Brachiaria decumbens) and fertilization.
Verdi, Marcio. „Prediçao de distribuíção de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas no sul do Brasil“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115515.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn view of environmental change on a global level, providing ecological information and getting a better understanding of the factors and processes that shape species distribution is an important initiative for planning conservation actions. In this context, the importance and lack of information about the geographical distribution of species motivated us to predict the potential species distribution of shrubs and trees of the family Lauraceae and Myrtaceae, in the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to fit predictive models with records of occurrence of 88 species according to environmental variables. Predictor variables were selected based on the lowest corrected Akaike information criterion. We evaluate the performance of the models using the method of cross-validation (10-fold) to calculate the true skill statistic (TSS) and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). We used GLM to test the influence of the area of occurrence estimated, the number of records of the species and the complexity of the models on the TSS and AUC. Our results show that climatic variables largely govern the distribution of species, but the variables that capture the local environmental variations are relatively important in the study area. The TSS was significantly influenced by the number of records and complexity of models while the AUC suffered from the effect of all three evaluated factors. The interaction between these factors is an important issue and be considered for new reviews on both measures and with different modeling techniques. Our results also showed that the distributions of some species were overestimated and other corresponded well with the occurrence known to us. Indeed our results have foundations to support new field surveys, assessment of priority areas and conservation plans, and inferences of the effects of environmental change on species of the Atlantic Forest.
Santos, Katia Maria Pacheco dos. „Práticas agroalimentares em unidades de conservação de uso sustentável sob a ótica da segurança alimentar“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-26052015-151240/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChanges in lifestyle have been observed in the quilombolas and no quilombolas families in Vale do Ribeira-SP, bringing direct reflections in their feed habit, as well as the use of land in order to food purpose.Small-scale agriculture is a common practice in protected areas of the Atlantic Forest biome, configuring different realities on the food security of people in these areas of environmental conservation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between lifestyle and food security in two agricultural communities in two protected areas of sustainable use, the Sustainable Development Reserve Quilombo Barra do Turvo and Environmental Protection Area Plateau Nublado, part of the Mosaic Jacupiranga of Conservation Units, Vale do Ribeira, SP. The methods used for data collection included structured questionnaire and visit to 48 families, 24 in each protected area. Secondary data relating to official registration and management of ITESP and UC were consulted and systematized. Subsistence activities were identified that generate food and financial resources, as well as their production environment and the eating habits. Also was verified contrast in food consumption. Food generating activities contribute to food security especially in RDS Quilombos community which is the most expressive in the agricultural food practices when compared to APA Planalto do Turvo. Significant differences in diet composition between the groups surveyed were not found in this study, indicating that there are no periods of food insecurity. The results of this study reinforce the importance of agriculture contributing to food security. Concluding, the agricultural food production practice in the RDS and in the APA does not contradict the premise of these protected areas and contributes to the maintenance of security and food sovereignty. Although, this balance is fragile and may become unstable due to factors such as reduced labor and low productivity. Beside this, it can be considered that it was confirmed, since there was no food insecurity along the investigated groups.
Marques, Renato Matos. „Diagnóstico das populações de aves e mamíferos cinegéticos do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, SP, Brasil“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-20062005-163545/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to estimate the abundance, diversity and population size of game birds and mammals from the rain forest at Serra do Mar State Park (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - PESM), and to identify the variables which influence the ocurrence and distribution of those species. The PESM has 3.150 km2 and is the major continuous remaining of Atlantic Forest in Brazil. A total of 633,55 km census using line transect method, distributed on 15 trails on the north-sector of PESM, resulted in 184 observations, which 77 of those were encounters with game mammals and 107 with birds. Eleven species of mammals and six of birds were recorded during the census. Among game birds the most abundant was the guan, Penelope spp. (0,99 encounters/10 km), and among the game mammals was the squirrel, Sciurus aestuans (0,48 encounters/10 km). The species presented different habitat uses, activity and ocurrence patterns, but when analysing the environmental variables with canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) we detected that the birds were correlated with fruit aviability, while mammals were more correlated to the vegetation structure, such as canopy cover, arboreal density and palms (not palmito) density, this last one specially to the whitelipped- peccaries (Tayassu pecari). The hunting pressure affected negatively most of the species, except for S. aestuans and Penelope spp., which seems to not be intensively hunted at the study areas. Using the densities obtained we estimated the remaining population to the study areas and also to the different scenarios proposed. Even considering only 500 as a minimum number of individuals necessary to guarantee the viability of those populations, the study areas, when analyzed separally, could not maintain most of the game species. It does get worst when considering higher numbers of minimum viable population. Moreover, the results indicate better chances of maintaining populations of the species when considering the area of the north-sector and higher chances when considering the entire park. This fact regards the importance of the connectivity between these areas and the necessity of maintaining large continuous block of forests. PESM can be considered one of the most important areas for the conservation of game species and its a strategic area in a context of an ecological corridor, due to its richness, quality of forest remains, presence of rare and threatened species, biogeographic localization and also by the altitudinal gradient.
Klippel, Valéria Hollunder. „Avaliação de métodos de restauração florestal de Mata Atlântica de Tabuleiros“. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aimed to evaluate different forest restoration methods of a Tableland Forest, by manipulating the floristic composition and silvicultural practices. With this foundation, it was installed in August of 2007, at the Reserva Natural Vale (RNV) in Linhares - ES, an experiment in randomized blocks with 4 treatments and 3 replications (a total of 12 plots): T1 (Control): Only leafcutter ants control; T2: Selective manual mowing, selective chemical weeding, control of ants and species tolerant to the herbicide; T3: Same as treatment 2, but with the planting of Atlantic Forest pioneer species in the spacing of 5 x 5 m, interspersed, in the same spacing, the seeding of Sesbania grandiflora in pits (10 seeds per pit); T4: Same as treatment 2, but with the planting of 54 Atlantic Forest species in the spacing close to 3 x 3 m. From the moment of installation (2007) until the third year of the study (2010) annual inventories were performed in all plots, to study the arboreal vegetation flora and growth. Moreover, at the third year after the experiment implementation, soil samples were also collected at four depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm) for later chemical analysis; accumulated litter, for studying biomass and nutrient content and level, and leaf area index (LAI). Regarding the soil chemical attributes, only statistic differences were found for the studied treatments in depths of 0-5 cm, where the highest values of Ca, sum of bases and CEC were observed for the treatment 4 and greater Na Saturation Index value to the treatment 1, and 10-20 cm, where the treatment 4 showed higher Ca value. There were no statistical differences in the accumulated litter biomass. The lower C/N was obtained by the treatment 3. This treatment also had the highest leaf area index. The elimination of weed competition acted positively on trees growth. The entrance of individuals and basal area was higher for treatments 3 and 4
Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes métodos de restauração florestal de uma Floresta de Tabuleiro, pela manipulação da composição florística e práticas silviculturais. Com esta fundamentação foi instalado em agosto do ano de 2007, na Reserva Natural Vale (RNV) em Linhares ES, um experimento em blocos casualizados, com 4 tratamentos e 3 repetições (totalizando 12 parcelas): T1 (Controle): Somente o controle de formigas cortadeiras; T2: Roçada manual seletiva, capina química seletiva, controle de formigas e as espécies tolerantes ao herbicida; T3: Idêntico ao tratamento 2, mas com o plantio de espécies pioneiras da Mata Atlântica no espaçamento de 5 x 5 m, intercalado, no mesmo espaçamento, o semeio de Sesbania grandiflora em covas (10 sementes por cova); T4: Idêntico ao tratamento 2, mas com o plantio de 54 espécies da Mata Atlântica no espaçamento próximo de 3 x 3 m. Desde o momento de instalação (2007) até o terceiro ano de estudo (2010) foram realizados inventários anuais em todas a as parcelas, para estudo da florística e crescimento da vegetação arbórea. Além disso, no terceiro ano após a implantação do experimento, também foram coletadas amostras de solo em quatro profundidades (0 5; 5 10; 10 20 e 20 40 cm) para posterior análise química; serapilheira acumulada, para estudo da biomassa e do teor e conteúdo de nutrientes; e índice de área foliar (IAF). Em relação aos atributos químicos do solo, somente foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas para os tratamentos estudados nas profundidades de 0-5 cm, onde os maiores valores de Ca, soma de bases e CTC foram observados para o tratamento 4 e maior valor do ISNa para o tratamento 1, e de 10-20 cm, onde o tratamento 4 apresentou maior valor de Ca. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas para a biomassa da serapilheira acumulada. A menor C/N foi obtida pelo tratamento 3. Esse tratamento também apresentou o maior índice de área foliar. A eliminação da matocompetição atuou positivamente no crescimento da vegetação arbórea. O ingresso de número de indivíduos e de área basal foi superior para os tratamentos 3 e 4.
Louzada, Franciane Lousada Rubini de Oliveira. „Proposta de corredores ecológicos para interligação dos Parques Estaduais de Forno Grande e Pedra Azul, ES, utilizando geotecnologia“. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5799.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEste trabalho teve como objetivo principal propor rotas para implantação de Corredores Ecológicos utilizando Geotecnologias. Os objetivos específicos foram: delimitar as Áreas de Preservação Permanente em faixa marginal dos cursos d água, ao redor de nascentes, nas encostas com declividade superior a 45º e no terço superior dos topos de morro e montanha; analisar as áreas de confronto de uso e cobertura da terra em APPs do entorno dos Parques Estaduais de Forno Grande e Pedra Azul - ES, sob a ótica da Legislação Ambiental; e Avaliar a predisposição dos proprietários rurais quanto a aceitação da implantação dos Corredores Ecológicos. Primeiramente foram mapeadas 14 classes de uso e cobertura da terra mediante interpretação visual, nas quais predominaram a cobertura florestal (21.349,03 ha - 41,8 %), seguidas de pastagem (14.551,35 ha - 28,4 %), agricultura (5.032,47 ha - 9,8 %) e área em regeneração (3.064,38 ha - 6,0 %). O predomínio de cobertura florestal demonstra o estado de conservação da região e a importância das zonas de amortecimentos dos Parques Estaduais. Seguindo as definições da Resolução nº 303 do CONAMA, foram delimitadas as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) que ocuparam aproximadamente 23.453,93 ha, representando 45,9 % da área total, sendo que 35,6 % destas apresentaram uso indevido, destacando-se a pastagem, a agricultura e o reflorestamento com eucalipto. Em seguida, utilizando a metodologia de distância de menor custo, foram propostas seis rotas para implantação de Corredor Ecológico, nomeados de Corredor A , B , C , D , E e F . A melhor proposta foi o Corredor A , com 15.144,76 de comprimento, 1.514,48 de largura e 2.099,57 ha, baseado nas imagens de APPs, Uso da Terra, Declividade e Confronto do Uso da terra nas APPs. Um fator relevante para escolha deste corredor foi a existência de grande área de cobertura vegetal e área em regeneração, maior área de APPs preservadas e por possuir um grande potencial turístico e agropecuário. Para avaliar a predisposição dos proprietários rurais quanto à aceitação da implantação dos Corredores Ecológicos em suas propriedades foi aplicado um questionário. Somente 21,8% souberam o que era um Corredor Ecológico e 70,9% tiveram interesse que o mesmo fosse estabelecido em suas propriedades. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que a metodologia adotada mostrou-se eficiente, produzindo de forma automatizada, informações precisas sobre sua dimensão e distribuição espacial na paisagem e elaboração de mapas analógicos e digitais
This work had as main objective to propose routes for Ecological Corridors implantation using Geotechnologies. The specific objectives were to define the permanent preservation areas on marginal band of water courses, around springs, on slopes with declivity higher than 45 degrees and on the upper third of the hills and mountains tops; analyze the areas of use confrontation and land cover in the APPs of the surroundings of the State Parks Forno Grande and Pedra Azul - ES, from the viewpoint of Environmental Law; and to evaluate landowners predisposition regarding the acceptance of the Ecological Corridors implantation. First, 14 use classes and land cover were mapped by visual interpretation, in which the forest cover was predominant (21,349.03 ha - 41.8%), followed by pasture (14,551.35 ha - 28.4%), agriculture ( 5,032.47 ha - 9.8%) and regenerating area (3,064.38 ha - 6.0%). The predominance of forest cover shows the conservation status of the region and the importance of buffer zones of the State Parks. Following the definitions of Resolution No. 303 of CONAMA, the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) were delimited which occupied approxi ately 23,453.93 ha, representing 45.9% of total area, and 35.6% of these presented misuse, especially the pasture, agriculture and reforestation with eucalyptus. Then, using the methodology of distance of less expense, six routes were proposed for implementation of the Ecological Corridor, named as Corridor "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" and "F". The best proposal was the Corridor "A", with 15,144.76 long, 1,514.48 and 2,099.57 ha in width, based on APPs images, Land Use, Slope and Confrontation of Land Use in APPs. A significant factor for choosing this corridor was the existence of large areas of vegetation and area in regeneration, the largest area of PPAs preserved and possessing great potential for tourism and agriculture. To evaluate the predisposition of landowners in accepting the implementation of the Ecological Corridors in their properties a questionnaire was applied. Only 21.8% knew what was an ecological corridor and 70.9% were interested in its implementation on their properties. According to the results, we conclude that the methodology was efficient, producing in an automated form, accurate informations about their size and spatial distribution in the landscape and development of analog and digital maps
Kaimuddin, Awaluddin Halirin. „Impact du changement climatique sur la distribution des populations de poissons. Approche par SIG, modèles et scénarios d'évolution du climat“. Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding connectivities among species distributions, biodiversity, marine habitats and climate change is necessary for the design of an effective conservation management, such as in the implementation of marine protected area (MPA). In this study, we observed the richness of 89 "rare" or "exotic" fish species (observed outside their known distribution range) related to climate change. We modeled and predicted their seasonal distributions according to the species ecological niches (determined in this study) using the GIS model. Superposing the models of all species using GIS, we determined the preferential zones or zones of high biodiversity (hotspots) over time. The GIS approach offers an alternative to measure seasonal species richness in poor-data areas. This approach allowed also species track movement over time. This information could be then used to measure the effectiveness of MPA positioning related to the hotspot areas. Our study area covers a wide latitudinal range of the Eastern Atlantic waters, from the warm tropical/subtropical waters to the temperate waters. This area is located in three large marine ecosystems: the Canary current, the South European Atlantic Shelf and the Celtic Seas. The transitional zone in the central region has well known for its sensitivity to the detection of climate change. From 1982 to 2012, the SST in all of studied ecosystems has increased consistently over time, with magnitude and trend varied among ecosystems. The change of number of species in each decadal period differed among ecosystems. Increasing number of species in an ecosystem was generally followed by decreasing trend in adjacent ecosystems. Species ecological niches were obtained by extracting the environmental values in the location of species occurrence at the time of observation. The environmental data and the occurrence records used were at global scale, and the methods yields coherent results with the results obtained from observational studies. The flexibility of GIS Model used in this study allowed us to follow the evolution of species seasonal distribution over time. Generally, most of the studied species showed a northbound trend in their distribution. These northbound tendencies were more evident in the middle region, confirming the effect of global warming in shifting marine species distribution. This approach provides an alternative of measuring seasonal richness of poor-known species and/or modeling in poor-data areas. The results present a complete picture of predictive number of species in an area over time. MPAs superficial analysis by country (countries lying in the study area) showed that UK has the highest number of MPA and the largest protected areas, following by France and Mauritania. Frequencies of the MPAs touched by the hotspot were strongly influenced by seasonal variations. Thus, considering seasonal variations in a conservation effort could preserve species adaptive variation under environmental changes. Overall, our works provide several alternative methods for species distribution studies and for studies poor-known species in data-poor area. The results provide evidences of ocean warming effect in shifting marine fish distribution
Opoka, Iurii. „The international roles of Ukraine in the Euro-Atlantic Area“. Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3436.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleW niniejszym badaniu cofnięto się o kilka kroków w poszukiwaniu wszechstronnej analizy przyczyn i uwarunkowań polityki zagranicznej Ukrainy i jej miejsca na arenie międzynarodowej. W retrospektywny sposób dokonano analizy działań władz na Ukrainie, ich aspiracji, intencji i konsekwencji tych posunięć dla tego państwa i środowiska międzynarodowego. Analiza międzynarodowych ról Ukrainy w latach 1991-2017 jest obszernym, panoramicznym spojrzeniem na międzynarodowe zachowanie państwa. Przedmiotem niniejszych badań jest międzynarodowa aktywność Ukrainy: jej uwarunkowania, logika, przyczyny, typologie, konsekwencje i role. W pracy zwrócono uwagę na role międzynarodowe Ukrainy na obszarze euroatlantyckim. Obszar geograficzny jest tu rozumiany politycznie, więc pod uwagę brano państwa i organizacje międzynarodowe działające w regionie. Trzy główne grupy ról zostały wybrane zgodnie z ustaleniami teorii ról międzynarodowych: (1) role oczekiwane od Ukrainy, (2) role zadeklarowane przez Ukrainę i (3) role odgrywane przez Ukrainę. Głównym celem badania jest porównanie trzech wyżej wymienionych grup, oraz analiza ich skuteczności i specyfiki.
Figueras, David Milla. „Evaluating seabed habitat representativeness across a diverse marine protected area network on the Mid-Atlantic ridge“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/13726.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA gestão baseada nos ecossistemas marinhos é considerada como a abordagem mais abrangente e desejável para gerir as atividades humanas nos mares e oceanos, desde há pelo menos três décadas. Atualmente, esta estratégia é central em várias iniciativas de planeamento espacial marinho, diretivas europeias (Natura 2000, OSPAR, Diretiva Quadro Estrategia Marinha) e projetos de crescimento azul (Blue Growth). Um componente crítico subjacente aos seus processos de tomada de decisão é um bom conhecimento sobre a diversidade, extensão e distribuição dos habitats e das espécies marinhas. Frequentemente, esse tipo de informação é limitada a certos locais amostrados, podendo diferentes técnicas de modelação ser aplicadas para produzir mapas preditivos de distribuição. Em conformidade com essa necessidade, a catalogação e o mapeamento harmonizado de habitats bentónicos em escalas regionais tornaram-se uma prioridade nas últimas duas décadas, fortalecendo os esforços de conservação marinha e auxiliando na elaboração de relatórios obrigatórios. Neste contexto, foi recentemente produzido um mapa harmonizado dos habitats do fundo marinho em larga escala para a Europa, no âmbito do programa EMODnet Seabed Habitats, cobrindo desde o Mar de Barents à Macaronésia, e mares adjacentes como o Mediterrâneo e o Mar Negro. Este mapa segmenta os ambientes do fundo do mar de acordo com a classificação de habitat do Sistema Europeu de Informação da Natureza (EUNIS) - um sistema abrangente de classificação que utiliza uma série de critérios ambientais para criar e delimitar espacialmente classes de habitat de forma hierárquica e harmonizada. Este tipo de mapas harmonizados facilitam o estudo e gestão de habitats do fundo do mar entre regiões e países. Uma aplicação óbvia e fundamental é a consideração dos mesmos no desenho de uma rede representativa de áreas marinhas protegidas (AMPs), sendo esta uma componente fundamental nas políticas de gestão e conservação de recursos naturais e uma necessidade à escala das bacias oceânicas. Idealmente, uma rede de AMPs bem projetada deve representar a amplitude de habitats vulneráveis presentes em uma determinada região, bem como as ligações funcionais entre eles (ou seja, a conectividade). Tais considerações nem sempre são realizadas, nomeadamente em casos onde a rede de AMPs foi montada ao longo de décadas, por meio de uma sucessão de iniciativas descoordenadas, como é o caso do arquipélago dos Açores. Esta região de Portugal, é um setor remoto do Atlântico Nordeste, associado a uma importante Zona Econômica Exclusiva (ZEE), totalizando quase em 1 milhão de quilômetros quadrados e englobando um mosaico variado de habitats sublitorais e profundos, situados na cordilheira do meio do Atlântico. Múltiplos usos humanos têm impactado os ecossistemas marinhos, principalmente por meio da exploração intensiva de algumas espécies marinhas comerciais, degradação de habitats e poluição localizada. Os seus ambientes costeiros são considerados como significativamente impactados. Neste trabalho, utilizaram-se as novas informações para produzir uma avaliação da rede de AMPs dos Açores, baseada tanto na extensão da sua representatividade, como do nível de proteção conferido à variedade de habitats marinhos bentónicos encontrados na região. Uma avaliação mais objetiva da proteção oferecida aos habitats é obtida mediante a aplicação de um sistema de pontuação às AMPs, com base no número de atividades humanas extrativas e não extrativas permitidas e seu potencial impacto na biodiversidade e habitats marinhos. De acordo com este sistema de classificação, as AMPs / zonas foram classificadas e pontuadas considerando 1) o número de artes de pesca permitidas (comerciais e / ou recreativas); 2) o impacto das artes de pesca (comerciais e / ou recreativas); 3) a presença de aquicultura e exploração do fundo do mar; e 4) permissão de atividades recreativas não-extrativas (ou seja, ancoragem e passeios de barco). A metodologia permitiu categorizar a força de regulamentação em vigor, com fim a proteger os habitats bentónicos. Os resultados mostram que a ZEE é amplamente dominada pelo habitat do mar profundo (25% batial e 74% abissal), enquanto os habitats rasos (incluem a plataforma das ilhas e os cumes das montanhas submarinas) representam menos de 1%. Um total de 28 tipos únicos de habitats EUNIS foram identificados na ZEE dos Açores. Esse número aumenta para 55 se considerarmos o mesmo habitat por zona biológica, substrato e exposição hidrodinâmica (quando aplicável). Nove dos habitats EUNIS identificados estão listados na Lista Vermelha da UE de habitats marinhos, quatro como ameaçados de extinção e os restantes habitats como vulneráveis. Os habitats protegidos pela rede são quase inteiramente classificados como altamente protegidos. No total, 26 habitats (sete dos quais estão ameaçados e dois são raros) atendem à meta de biodiversidade de Aichi 11, que visa possuir 10% das áreas costeiras e marinhas protegidas até 2020. Outros 29 não atingem a meta mais baixa (quatro habitats da plataforma da ilha e 25 habitats do mar profundo), destacando a necessidade de ampliar a proteção dos habitats batiais e abissais e aplicar critérios adequados de coerência ecológica. A aplicação de uma classificação de AMP baseada em regulamentação fornece um “state-ofthe-art” e uma maneira objetiva de qualificar números com base na extensão, que por si só, poderiam influenciar a perceção de quão bem o ecossistema está protegido. Mostra-se que quase toda a rede de AMPs é classificada como altamente protegida, destacando uma escassez geral de áreas totalmente protegidas em toda a ZEE da região. Tais áreas poderiam contribuir para uma proteção mais efetiva da biodiversidade marinha dos Açores contra pressões diretas e difusas. Na atual configuração da rede de AMPs, níveis mais altos de proteção, como os sugeridos na “Promessa de Sydney” (30% das áreas totalmente protegidas), poderiam apenas ser previstos para habitats infralitorais, e somente se as AMPs da plataforma da ilha fossem vigorosamente regulamentadas. Os resultados demonstram ainda que poucas AMPs existentes incluem algum tipo de zoneamento, ao contrário das recomendações de planeamento marinho para estabelecer zonas-tampão em torno dos locais principais para a conservação. O presente estudo fornece assim uma base para os decisores abordarem as deficiências de conservação por habitats marinhos e demonstram uma abordagem transponível para outras regiões europeias ou fora delas, sempre que informações semelhantes estiverem disponíveis. Os novos mapas de habitats e AMPs devem facilitar o desenho de uma rede que atenda às metas internacionais de conservação baseadas em extensão, bem como aos critérios de coerência ecológica. Melhorar a confiança em algumas classes de habitat exige pesquisas mais refinadas que devem permitir a discriminação de habitats prioritários cuja ocorrência e distribuição na região é atualmente impossível de avaliar.
Figueiredo, Leonor Ribeiro de Almeida e. „BlueGrowthForBiodiversity: Integrating Marine Biodiversity Policies into Sustainable Blue Growth Frameworks - The case of the European Atlantic Area“. Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139145.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaiva, Vítor Hugo Rodrigues. „Foraging tactics, activity at sea and sea area usage by Cory's Shearwaters (Calonetris diomedea borealis) in the North Atlantic“. Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/12512.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKurian, Steven. „Spatial and temporal trends of organic and elemental carbon as a component of PM2.5 within the New York metropolitan area“. 2007. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13478.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrice, Franklin D. Deyle Robert E. „Quantification, analysis, and management of intracoastal waterway channel margin erosion in the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida“. Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04082005-090641.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdvisor: Dr. Robert Deyle, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 13, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 70 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
Silva, Catarina João Marques Pinto da. „Portugal e a Dinâmica Transatlântica (1976-1989): a política externa portuguesa e as relações Luso-americanas entre o início do período constitucional português e o fim da Guerra Fria“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/117782.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe transatlantic dynamics and the appreciation of Atlanticism are crucial elements in Portuguese foreign policy, which has seen significant changes after the transition to democracy. The passage to a mainly European option after 1976 has reinforced Portugal’s position in two complementary sectors, with the Portuguese identification as a Euro-Atlantic state. Post-democracy Portugal’s readaptation took place in a key-moment within the Cold War, and its relations with the Western superpower, the United States of America, played an important role in this redefining process. The Azores, essentially the Lajes Base, are one of the corner stones of the US-Portugal relations in this period, and they remained so until the (beginning of the) end of the bipolar conflict, in 1989. Portuguese foreign policy’s evolution cannot be disconnected from the state of international relations, in particular the transatlantic relations, hence the relevance of analysing it through the lenses of the Cold War and North-American influence.
Proulx, Bruno. „Utilisation de l’habitat et pressions anthropiques sur une population de rorquals à bosse (Megaptera novaeangliae) de Guadeloupe par suivi terrestre“. Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11887.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Agoa sanctuary, a marine protected area (MPO) covering the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the French Caribbean, was created in 2010 to protect marine mammals and their habitats. It is known that the Caribbean islands are used from December to May by humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) as a reproductive area. However, sparse information exists on the abundance, the behaviour, the distribution and the anthropogenic pressures on this species in the Caribbean and even less in the sanctuary. This thesis focuses on increasing scientific knowledge about this species’ use of a part of the Agoa Sanctuary and their interactions with human users of the MPO. Such knowledge may inform stakeholders’ (institutional and individual) decision-making towards implementation of appropriate conservation measures. A land-based survey of more than 300 hours, in 2012 and 2013, was carried out to determine the habitat use of, and anthropogenic pressures on, a population of humpback whales frequenting the surrounding water of the Pointe-des-Châteaux peninsula in Guadeloupe. This is the first land-based survey of this species in the French West Indies and one of the first in the Caribbean. The study area of approximately 264 square kilometres is one of the most visited areas by this species in the Guadeloupe archipelago. Using a theodolite, 107 trajectories (i.e. groups of whales) were recorded, representing 137.8 hours and 699 surfacings. Results show that the abundance was higher in March and April with a peak in the first week of April. The high proportion of calves in this population, mainly in March, suggest that the study zone is a nursing area. Overall movement patterns are not random and may possibly be dictated by the bathymetry. Furthermore, trajectories seem to converge close to the Pointe-des-Châteaux. The average movement is slow and oriented in the same direction as the dominant current to the west of the Pointe-des-Châteaux (i.e. ENE), except for mother and calf groups that swim faster in the opposite direction (i.e. WNW). Even if the anthropogenic pressure may be consided as moderate, a high proportion of surfacing is located in some of the main maritime traffic corridors. In addition, the shuttle corridor between Saint-Francois and Désirade island has the greatest relative risk of fatal collision. A reduced speed for the shuttle corridor would lower significantly the collision risk. These findings may lead to more extensive studies to better understand the ecology of this fascinating species.
Lobão, Sofia Morais Vieira da Silva. „A crise económica e financeira na Europa e o seu reflexo na política de segurança coletiva : as novas iniciativas desenvolvidas no âmbito da OTAN e UE : Smart Defence e Pooling and Sharing“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/17348.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeing the Security and Defence one of the necessary pillars for the normal functioning of any society, it is essential, in these days, to disclose all aspects related to the functioning and costs incurred in the defence, particularly the Armed Forces. Because the costs of defence are high, but the costs of their absence are far superior. Considering the economic and financial crisis affecting Europe since 2008, which led to extreme situations of some countries that cannot fund their savings in financial markets, having the need for outside help by signing Memorandum of Understanding with the Troika (European Commission, International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank), in this work was proceeded the analysis of the indicators of crisis, indicators that characterize the excessive deficit, for countries that constitute the Atlantic Alliance and the Member States of the European Union. For the refered countries a comprehensive analysis of public expenditure was made in the area of defence, either current prices or constant, passing through the various budgets. Then were identified the various solutions/initiatives undertaken by NATO and the EU in order to do more with less, that is to say, achieving synergies in the development, production and use of military capabilities as a way to combat the crisis. Various projects related to “Smart Defence” (NATO) and “Pooling and Sharing” (EU) were presented. In the framework of the “Smart Defence” and “Pooling and Sharing”, were identified solutions/initiatives taken up by Portugal and finally validated the research design described in the methodology.