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1

Mak, Wai-yan Alan. „Club management : the American Club and residential club in private housing estate /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812569.

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2

Mak, Wai-yan Alan, und 麥偉仁. „Club management: the American Club and residential club in private housing estate“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968090.

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3

Nkodo, Samba Laurent. „Regroupement de clubs sportifs amateurs : enjeux stratégiques et logiques : le cas des clubs d'athlétisme de la métropole de Lyon“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1083/document.

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Le regroupement des clubs sportifs amateurs est une mise en commun partielle ou totale des ressources de ces clubs. S'il a le plus souvent été au centre des recherches scientifiques effectuées dans le milieu des entreprises, le regroupement n'a jusque-là été que partiellement évoqué dans ces études concernant le milieu sportif. Cette étude vise à sortir les regroupements de clubs sportifs amateurs de l'anonymat en permettant leur compréhension. Il s'agit, suivant une approche pluridisciplinaire (sociologie, management et économie des organisations sportives) de connaitre le phénomène de regroupement de clubs sportifs amateurs. C'est questionner les facteurs à l'origine des regroupements, c'est aussi scruter la mise en oeuvre de telles décisions et c'est enfin, sonder leurs conséquences sur la vie quotidienne du club sportif. Nous avons donc soigneusement inspecté, les enjeux organisationnels de ces regroupements, leurs modalités et processus, les stratégies et logiques d'action des principaux acteurs et les conséquences de ces regroupements sur la vie quotidienne du club. Notamment, sur le plan culturel et identitaire, économique et sportif, et sur le plan de la gouvernance au sens de Gérard Charreaux (1997). Les données recueillies selon une méthode inductive sont principalement des observations et des entretiens, secondairement des coupures de presse et documents internes aux clubs et FFA. Dix entretiens formels d'une moyenne de cinquante minutes chacun et une centaine d'entretiens informels, conçus dans un esprit de complémentarité et de recoupement. Vingt-cinq numéros du journal Le Progrès de 1999 à 2015, soit environ cinquante pages de coupure de presse sur les regroupements de clubs. Les comptes rendus d'AG, de CD, de réunions d'entraîneurs, tout comme les statuts et règlements spéciaux des clubs et de la FFA ont constitué l'essentiel des documents internes. Le traitement de ces données s'est fait selon le triptyque : analyse qualitative de contenu par théorisation ancrée-analyse stratégique de l'acteur-théorie de la contingence, selon respectivement, Pierre Paillé-M. Crozier & E. Friedberg-Henry Mintzberg. Les regroupements de clubs d'athlétisme présentés dans notre recherche, au-delà d'avoir deux modalités principales, ententes et fusions, sont un construit collectif et local, intéressés, instables et institutionnalisés. Cinq grands groupes de facteurs contingents poussent le club vers le regroupement : les objectif et effectifs du club, leur modernisation, le développement de la pratique et de la politique sportive locale. Dans ce contexte de regroupement de clubs, la latitude managériale du dirigeant de club reste conditionnée à plusieurs niveaux, notamment, celui de la collectivité territoriale et de la FFA. Notre recherche, permet d'éclairer non seulement les enjeux du regroupement des clubs d'athlétisme, les interactions clubs d'athlétisme-FFA-collectivités territoriales, la gouvernance de ces clubs, mais aussi, balise un nouveau cadre comparatif clubs sportifs amateurs-entreprises sous le prisme du regroupement
The grouping of non-professional or amateur sports clubs is a partial or total pooling of their resources. Despite that it has been centrally and generally evoked in scientific researches based on business companies, grouping only has been partially conducted in research studies in the sport field. Our study aims to remove those non-professional/amateur sports clubs from anonymity, expose them to the public eye and facilitate their understandings as well. To accomplish this goal, we used a multidisciplinary approach of sport organizations (including their sociology, management and economy). To understand the phenomenon of grouping non-professional sports clubs. In order to grasp that phenomenon, we need to inquire about the factors at the origin of the groupings, the implementation of such decisions and, finally to inquire on their consequences on the daily life of the sporting club. To answer to inquiries, we analyzed meticulously, the organizational challenges of these groupings, their methods and process, the strategies and logics of action of the main actors, and the consequences of these groupings in the daily life of the club, particularly, on the aspects of culture and identity, economic and sporting, and as regards to the governance within the meaning of Gérard Charreaux (1997). The data collected under an analytical method were of two types: those principals were based on observations and talks and those secondaries were based on newspaper cuttings and documents internal to the clubs and FAF. The principal data consisted of 10 formal talks of an average of 50 minutes each and a hundred abstract talks, conceived in a spirit of complementarity and stepping. The secondary data were collected from 25 numbers of the Le Progrès newspaper from 1999 to 2015, which comprised approximately 50 pages of newspaper cut on the groupings of clubs, the GA and DC reports, meetings of trainers, as well as the status and special regulations of clubs and FAF. All those data were analyzed according to the triptych: qualitative analysis of contents by theorization and anchored strategic analysis actor-theory of the contingency, according to respectively, Pierre Paillé-M. Crozier & E. Friedberg-Henry Mintzberg. Beyond the two principal methods: agreements and fusion. The groupings of athletics’ clubs presented in our research are built collectively and locally. They are more interested, unstable and institutionalized. Five large groups of contingent factors lead the club towards the grouping: objective and manpower of the club, modernization of the club and development of the practice, and the local sporting policy. In this context of grouping of clubs, the managerial latitude of the leader of club remains conditioned on several levels, including, the territorial collectivity and FAF. Our dissertation through the theoretical framework chosen, makes it possible to clarify not only the challenges of grouping athletics’ clubs, the club’s interactions of territorial athletics-FFA-communities, the governance of these clubs, but also, stands out as a new comparative framework non-professional sporting clubs
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4

Barros, José Arthur Fernandes. „Estrutura organizacional e das tomadas de decisão em Clubes Socioesportivos de São Paulo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39134/tde-30052016-155254/.

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As Organizações chamadas de Clubes Sócioesportivos mantém um modelo de administração que as caracteriza, que é a gestão realizada por voluntários e apoiada por gestores profissionais. A literatura aponta que a estrutura organizacional de entidades esportivas é peculiar, especialmente em clubes de futebol, onde persiste a fronteira entre os gestores voluntários que representam o poder executivo e legislativo e os gestores profissionais que são os que controlam e executam o planejamento financeiro e de atividades. No entanto são escassos estudos voltados a Clubes Sócioesportivos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi de identificar, descrever e comparar aspectos do processo de gestão da área de esportes de Clubes Sócioesportivos e analisa-los à luz de teorias e modelos administrativos. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, sendo realizado estudo de campo junto a seis clubes sócioesportivos da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram construídos e aplicados dois instrumentos: questionário e entrevista semiestruturada junto aos gestores de esporte das entidades. As informações obtidas foram analisadas comparativamente entre as entidades. Verificou-se que os Clubes utilizam modelos administrativos tradicionais com desenhos organizacionais. O planejamento destas organizações é baseado estritamente no orçamento anual, não havendo um planejamento plurianual ou estratégico. A tomada de decisão tem como alicerce a experiência pessoal do gestor voluntário, apoiada na vivência do gestor profissional. Não foram encontradas técnicas apuradas de tomada de decisão. As decisões mais importantes quanto a administração do Clube mantém um rito de preocupação com as responsabilidades. Os recursos humanos são selecionados pelo gestor profissional com o aval do gestor voluntário mantendo uma linha de contratação coerente e que está voltada a atender as demandas do Clube. Conclui-se que os Clubes estudados apresentam poucos aspectos diferentes do tradicional nas suas administrações, mantém uma estrutura organizacional própria, e os processos de tomada de decisões na área de esportes são fortemente vinculados ao planejamento financeiro
Organizations Sports Social Club calls maintains a management model that characterizes them, which is the management performed by volunteers and supported by professional managers. The literature points out that the organizational structure of sport organizations is peculiar, especially in football clubs, which remains the boundary between the volunteers managers representing the executive and legislative and professional managers who are controlling and perform financial planning and activities. However there are few studies concerning the Social and Sporting Clubs. The aim of this study was to identify, describe and compare aspects of the management process of Social and Sporting Club sports area and examines them in the light of theories and management models. The research was qualitative approach being conducted field study with six Social and Sporting clubs of São Paulo. To do so, they were built and applied two instruments: questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with the bodies of sport managers. The information obtained was analyzed comparatively between the entities. It was found that the teams use traditional administrative models with organizational designs. The planning of these organizations is strictly based on the annual budget, with no or a multi-annual strategic planning. Decision making has as its foundation the personal experience of the volunteer manager, based on the experience of the professional manager. Cleared technical decision-making were found. The most important decisions as the club\'s management maintains a matter of rite with responsibilities. Human resources are selected by professional manager with the endorsement of the volunteer manager keeping a plausible hiring line and is geared to meet the demands of the Club. We conclude that the studied clubs have few innovative features in their administrations, maintains a traditional organizational structure and decision-making processes in the sports area are strongly linked to financial planning
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5

Liu, Yee-shan Louisa. „Redevelopment of the Hong Kong Yacht Club at Kellett Island“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950915.

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6

Derringer, Sherri Lynn. „Women’s Campaign for Culture: Women’s Clubs and the Formation of Music Institutions in Dayton, Ohio 1888-1933“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1181333969.

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7

Marinho, Inês Martins. „Marketing em heath Clubs“. Master's thesis, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56318.

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8

Marinho, Inês Martins. „Marketing em heath Clubs“. Dissertação, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/56318.

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9

Tan, Cheng-Te. „The implementation of quality management systems at the Edina Country Club, Edina, MN“. Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998tanch.pdf.

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10

Gay-Lescot, Jean-Louis. „Le Développement du mouvement associatif sportif et de l'éducation physique en Ille-et-Vilaine de 1870 à 1939“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594766w.

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11

Nakache, Laurent. „L'entreprise à objet sportif face au droit : entre survie et profit“. Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10021.

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Cette étude a pour objet l' analyse juridique de la structure de l' entreprise sportive. Les groupements sportifs professionnels et non professionnels, appelés clubs sportifs, n' avaient à l' origine d' autre vocation que l' encadrement de la pratique d' un sport. Actuellement, cette pratique entraîne des contraintes multiples : obligations légales conformément au droit en vigueur ou en matière de gestion financière et administrative. Cette gestion pouvant s' avérer difficile, le club ne devra sa survie qu' à des apports d' activités purement commerciales. Selon leur caractère professionnel ou non, le cadre et la nature juridique de la gestion des clubs sportifs diffèrent. Les statuts de l' entreprise sportive doivent évoluer : comme toute société commerciale, l' entreprise sportive devra se conformer au droit , notamment au droit communautaire, en se soumettant aux principes de libre concurrence et de libre circulation. Cependant, compte tenu de l' aspect éducatif du sport dans le cadre d' une mission d' intérêt général, elle a, comparativement aux autres sociétés commerciales, un caractère exceptionnel
The purpose of this study is the legal analysis of structure of sports companies. Sports companies gathering professional and non-professional sports groups, commonly called sports clubs, initially had only in mind the management of sports practising. This practice now produces multiple constraints : legal obligations in accordance with the current laws or as regards financial and administrative management. This management proves to be difficult and the clubs can only survive thanks to contributions coming from strictly commercial activities. The framework and the legal nature of the management of sports club differ whether they are professional or not. Thus, the statutes of sports companies must evolve: like any commercial company, the sporting company will have to conform to the law and in particular to the Community legislation while being subjected to the principles of free competiton and freedom of movement. However, taking into account the educational aspect of sport within the framework of a mission of general interest, it has an exceptional character, compared to the other commercial companies
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Clavero, Ternero Manuel Jiménez Sánchez Guillermo J. „Clubs de P & I /“. Madrid : IEEM, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37684894c.

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13

Diem, Keith George. „The relationship of marketing activities and promotional methods used with county 4-H club membership in New Jersey and Ohio /“. The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487331541708567.

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14

Davison, Carolyn J. „The Boys and Girls Clubs of Nova Scotia, one club's experience with Take It E.A.S.Y!“ Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/MQ49339.pdf.

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15

Schemm-Gregory, Reto. „Europa als ein Club voller Clubs eine clubtheoretische Betrachtung des politischen Systems der Europäischen Union“. Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000002799/04.

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16

Nathan, Sarah Katheryn. „Making "We Serve" an Inclusive Mission: How the Fargo Lions Club Integrated Women into Full Membership“. Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1948.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Title from screen (viewed on September 30, 2009). Department of Philanthropic Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Frances A Huehls. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-53).
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17

Hudson, David. „Marketing in English professional football clubs“. Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4083.

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18

Hearne, J. „Aspects of the theory of clubs“. Thesis, University of Salford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381864.

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19

Samagaio, Antonio. „Essays on managing english football clubs“. Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9106.

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Doutoramento em Gestão
Esta dissertação visa estudar a performance corporativa dos clubes ingleses de futebol profissional, bem como os determinantes da performance dos clubes, com destaque para o efeito dos jogadores formados pelas Academias. O estudo evidencia existir uma associação positiva e significativa entre a performance financeira e desportiva dos clubes ingleses ao longo das épocas de 1993/94 a 2010/11. Os testes de cointegração indicam a existência uma relação estrutural de longo-prazo entre as variáveis desportivas e financeiras. Este estudo proporciona suporte à corrente da literatura que refere a maximização da performance desportiva sujeita a uma restrição de sustentabilidade financeira de longo prazo, como os principais objectivos dos clubes de futebol. Os testes de causalidade de Granger mostram que existe relações causais diferenciadas entre clubes. Os jogadores formados pelos próprios clubes tiveram um impacto negativo no desempenho desportivo e receitas, mas um efeito positivo na redução dos gastos salariais. A opção por jogadores formados por outros clubes ingleses teve uma influência negativa na performance desportiva, mas um efeito positivo na rendibilidade e despesas salariais dos clubes. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de melhorar a produtividade do sistema de desenvolvimento de jovens jogadores em Inglaterra. Finalmente, observámos que os clubes ingleses são heterogéneos sinalizando a existência de peculiaridades em cada clube que são importantes para compreender o a performance alcançada e como desenvolvem as suas vantagens competitivas sustentáveis.
This dissertation examines the corporate performance of English professional football clubs and the determinants of clubs’ performance, with particular emphasis on homegrown locally-trained players. The study shows that there is a positive and significant association between the financial and sporting performance of English clubs over the 1993/94 to 2010/11 seasons. Cointegration tests show that sporting performance and financial variables are linked by a set of long-run structural relationship. Our study lends supports to the theoretical stream that argues that the maximisation of sporting goals, subject to constraint of long- term financial sustainability, are the two main objectives of football clubs. Granger causality tests show that there are different causal relationships between clubs. Homegrown club-trained players had a negative impact on the sporting performance and revenue functions, yet they had a positive effect on reducing salary expenditure. Association-trained players option had a negative influence on the sporting performance function, but a positive effect on profitability and wage expenses for English football clubs. The results suggest that there is a need to improve the productivity of the system for developing young players in England. Finally, we observed that English clubs are heterogeneous, which signals that idiosyncrasies exist in each club, which is important for understanding both performance and how to develop sustainable competitive advantages.
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Yackley, Elizabeth A. „Marian MacDowell and the MacDowell Clubs“. College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8039.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: School of Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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21

Chambers, Cynthia R. „Building Inclusive, Community-Based Book Clubs“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3861.

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22

Chambers, Cynthia R. „Turning Pages Together: Inclusive Book Clubs“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3867.

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23

Schemm-Gregory, Reto. „Europa als ein Club voller Clubs : eine clubtheoretische Betrachtung des politischen Systems der Europäischen Union /“. Frankfurtam Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2010. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=020208863&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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24

Réau, Bertrand. „Clubs de vacances et usages sociaux du temps libre : une histoire sociale du Club Méditerranée“. Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0056.

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Face à la conquête progressive du temps libre par les classes moyennes et populaires les membres des classes supérieures s'accordent sur le nécessaire encadrement de ce temps libéré. Parallèlement, certaines fractions de la bourgeoisie en reconversion investissent les espaces de loisirs en proposant des pratiques distinctives à la fois par rapport à celles des classes moyennes et populaires et par rapport aux loisirs de la fraction "traditionnelle" des classes supérieures. L'idéologie du Club Méditerraanée répond alors aux attentes d'une nouvelle petite bourgeoisie/bourgeoisie urbaine et participe de l'entreprise de modernisation morale de la France. A partir des années 1960, en dépit d'une massification apparente, les écarts entre les classes sociales se creusent. Un séjour au Club Méditerranée revêt ainsi des fonctions spécifiques : il s'agit, pour les fractions des classes sociales supérieures concernées, d'intensifier leurs pratiques de loisirs au moment où leur temps de loisir quotidien se réduit
As a reply to the long-term conquest of free time by lower -and middle-classes, members of the upper classes agreed upon the necessary regulation of square time. Along with those moral concerns, some fractions of the upper-class redeploying invaded leisure areas by promoting distinctive behaviours different from those the lower and middle-class had, and also from the square-time activities the traditional "leisurely" dominant classes had. The "Club Méditerranée" ideology played a seminal role in the "moral modernization" of France by the newly acquired urban middle-class psyche. From the 1960s onwards, in spite of deceivingly obvious mass-development in the leisure industry, gaps between social classes have kept on increasing. Spending time off at Club Méditerranée resorts has now come to play a specific sociological role : that of allowing dominant classes to intensify their usual leisuring habits as everyday leisure opportunities keep on getting less and less both possible and satisfactory
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Koenigsfeld, Jason Paul Hubbard Susan Sorrells. „Developing an industry specific managerial competency model for private club managers in the United States based on important and frequently used management competencies“. Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Dissertations/Koenigsfeld_Jason_42.pdf.

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26

Souillès-Debats, Léo. „La culture cinématographique du mouvement ciné-club : histoire d'une cinéphilie (1944-1999)“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0300.

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Cette thèse se propose d'étudier une histoire culturelle et sociale de la culture cinématographique du mouvement ciné-club à travers le prisme de la sociologie de l'expertise afin de poser la question de l'existence d'une « cinéphilie ciné-club ». Il s'agit dans un premier temps de définir un espace cinématographique spécifique (réseau associatif d'éducation populaire) sur une période donnée (de la Libération jusqu'à la fin des années 1990) afin de pouvoir identifier les différents acteurs qui gravitent au sein de cet espace en recouvrant différents statuts : administrateurs de fédérations, rédacteurs de revues, « théoriciens » du ciné-club, animateurs et adhérents. De cette analyse émerge trois notions qui constituent la clé de voûte de ce travail : « l'idéal ciné-club », le « modèle ciné-club » et les pratiques des ciné-clubistes. La première renvoie à ce que devrait être le ciné-club selon les principaux représentants du mouvement, soit un moyen de former le spectateur amateur par et pour le cinéma tout en lui donnant la parole dans une perspective d'émancipation culturelle et sociale. La seconde notion représente l'ensemble des méthodes (schéma « présentation-projection-discussion », etc.) et la documentation (fiches, manuels pour animateurs, revues spécialisées, etc.) qui permettent de diffuser un tel idéal tout en constituant un savoir cinématographique légitime. La troisième notion questionne les pratiques effectives des adhérents et des animateurs qui se développent au sein du mouvement. Il s'agit donc de confronter ces trois aspects pour questionner l'existence d'une culture cinématographique commune à l'ensemble du mouvement ciné-club
This thesis suggests studying a cultural and social history of the movie-club movement through the prism of the sociology of the expertise to ask the question of the existence of a "movie-club cinemaddiction" which would be appropriate to the movie-club movement . It is a question at first of defining a specific film area (popular educational associative network) over a period given (of the Liberation till the end of 1990s) to be able to identify the various actors who revolve within this space while multiplying the statuses: administrators of federations, writers of review, "theorists" of the movie club, the organizers and the members. Of this analysis emerge three notions which constitute the keystone of this work: "the movie-club ideal", the "movie-club structure" and the practices of movies-club members. The first one sends back to the fact that should be the movie-club according to the main representatives of the movement, is a way to form the amateur spectator by and for the cinema while handing over to him in a perspective of cultural and social emancipation. The second notion represents all the methods ("presentation-projection-discussion", etc.) and the documentation (index cards, manual workers for organizers, reviews, etc.) which allow to spread such an ideal while establishing constituting a film justifiable knowledge. The third notion questions the effective practices of the members and the organizers who develop within the movement. It is thus a question of confronting these three aspects to question the existence of a film culture common to the whole movement movie club
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McPherson, Mary E. „Organizing Women: Women's Clubs and Education in Georgia, 1890-1920“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/60.

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The rise of women’s volunteer organizations can be linked to the social changes that the United States was undergoing during the Progressive Era. The movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one, massive migration of Americans from rural areas to the cities, and increased immigration all contributed to social challenges in the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Recently historians have begun to explore how women’s contributions helped to combat these challenges and this study shows how women’s clubs in Georgia were able to exercise their philanthropic power through their involvement in education. By 1860, the women’s club movement was well underway in the United States, with most of the activity in the Northeast, Midwest, and the West. The South, due to the devastation of the Civil War, did not see an emergence of women’s clubs until 1890. Southern middle class white women felt compelled to help those they perceived as less fortunate at a time when they themselves were trying to establish their own placement within the social structure of the Progressive Era South. Women, due to changing societal roles, were beginning to move beyond the home. They began to use the expertise they acquired through managing a household and applied this knowledge to social programs that would help those in need. Often times these social programs were focused on the education of young children and women. Women’s clubs in Georgia provide a lens for exploring how women were able to influence educational developments during the Progressive Era. Archival data show that the Georgia Federation of Women’s Clubs, the Atlanta Woman’s Club, and the Athens Woman’s Club played in important role in educational advancements in Georgia during the Progressive Era. Archival and primary source materials were used to support an analysis of gender, social class, and geographic differences on women’s roles in educational changes. This study analyzes how women were able to affect education in Georgia at a time when men dominated educational decision-making.
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Moraes, Ronaldo Dreissig de. „O ciclismo nos clubes de Porto Alegre/RS : entre o passado e o presente“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128008.

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O ciclismo é uma das práticas esportivas que foi organizada em associações em Porto Alegre na segunda metade do século XIX. O presente estudo tem como objetivo reconstruir as memórias da prática do ciclismo em clubes da cidade de Porto Alegre, desde a segunda metade do século XIX até meados da década de 1940. Para a construção dessa pesquisa, as fontes documentais consultadas foram os jornais “A Federação” e o “Correio do Povo”. As fontes revelaram que a prática do ciclismo em clubes na cidade de Porto Alegre, iniciou em 1895, com a fundação da União Velocipédica de Amadores, primeira associação destinada ao desenvolvimento dessa prática esportiva. No ano seguinte, em 1896, foi fundada a Radfahrer Verein Blitz. Essas duas associações rivalizaram nas competições de ciclismo nas pistas, mas também fora delas. No princípio do século XX, com a organização dos primeiros clubes de futebol em Porto Alegre, a prática do ciclismo sofreu um abalo, também em razão da migração de dirigentes esportivos para os clubes de futebol. Após um período de enfraquecimento do ciclismo nos clubes, nos anos de 1930, a prática foi retomada com certo destaque nos jornais. Um acontecimento marcante no período foi a organização da Federação Gaúcha de Ciclismo, em 1935. A década de 1940 mostra um novo período de declínio para o ciclismo, onde a divulgação dessa prática esportiva se torna escassa nas fontes consultadas. Atualmente, o ciclismo está retornando ao cotidiano da cidade de Porto Alegre, não como uma prática esportiva competitiva, mas como uma atividade de lazer ou como meio de transporte.
Cycling is a pratices sports that was organized in associations in Porto Alegre in the second half of the 19th century. The present study aims to reconstruct the memories of the practice of cycling in clubs in the city of Porto Alegre, since the second half of the 19th century until the mid-1940. For the construction of this research, the documentary sources consulted were the newspapers "A Federação" and "Correio do Povo". The sources revealed that the practice of cycling in clubs in the city of Porto Alegre, began in 1895, with the Foundation of União Velocipédica de Amadores, first Association for the development of sports. The following year, in 1896, was founded the Radfahrer Verein Blitz. These two associations feuded in cycling on the slopes, but also outside them. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the organization of the first football clubs in Porto Alegre, the practice of cycling suffered a concussion, also due to the migration of sports leaders for football clubs. After a period of weakening of cycling in clubs, in the years of 1930, the practice was resumed with a certain emphasis in the papers. A landmark event in the period was the organization of Federação Gaúcha de Ciclismo, in 1935. The Decade of 1940 shows a new period of decline for cycling, where disclosure of sports becomes scarce in the sources consulted. Currently, cycling is returning to everyday life in the city of Porto Alegre, not as a competitive sport, but as a leisure activity or as a means of transportation.
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Simonsen, Anders. „Bland hederligt folk : organiserat sällskapsliv och borgerlig formering i Göteborg 1755-1820 /“. Göteborg : Göteborgs Universitet, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41061606t.

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Chabert, Pierre-Jean. „Les cercles en Provence, discours sur la réalité : essai d'ethnolinguistique“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10044.

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L'etude de la sociabilite provencale par les cercles peut s'effectuer au sein d'une analyse socio-ethnolinguisitique, c'est a dire pluridisciplinaaire. Neanmoins, l'approche dialectologique represente une dimension des plus importantes, elle se double d'une geographie sociale p0ar l'utilisation de diverses sources dont les ethnotextes. Une demarche historico-dialectologique a ete entreprise a partir des series de titres de cercles et des limites dialectales; cette entreprise circonscrit certains faits proprement culturels et permet de cerner les relations cercles communautes. Avec les ethnotextes, une analyse et l'isolation de syntagmes nous engagent vers une sociolinguistique de la parole, le cadre de reference etant la communaute. Cela autorise une delimitation des variations sociolinguistiques de l'institution dans l'espace et le temps, en synchronie. Les donnees economiques jouent aussi un role essentiel dans le comportement des communautes: le systeme autarcique dunhaut-pays des alpes-maritimes s'accompagne d'une richesse lexicale qui en est le reflet, le lexique connexe au cercle egalement la marque. En basse-provence par contre, le phenomene s'inverse, aussi cette aire parait-elle marquee par une unification lexicale a la difference du haut-pays. Ainsi peu a peu une certi aine coincidence des formes de sociabilite et des dialecdtes semble se degager.
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Janson, David. „Fight Clubs pedagogiska möjligheter : En studie av Fight Club och dess möjlighet att forma kritiska läsare“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5653.

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För att ta reda på hur ett verk kan framhäva sin egen fiktionalitet och hur ett verk kan förhålla sig till andra texter gjorde jag en närläsning och tolkning av Fight Club. Syftet med undersökningen var att försöka undersöka verkets pedagogiska möjligheter att matcha och utmana elevernas litterära och allmänna repertoar, med fokus på textens möjligheter att göra motstånd mot förhållningssättet att läsa litteratur som empirisk avbildning av verkligheten, samt hur jag som pedagog kan använda detta verk för att illustrera hur den som fiktiv text skapar sin betydelse genom sitt förhållande till andra texter och klassiska teman. Det som jag fick fram, var bl.a. att genom sin opålitlige berättare och luckor i texten så framhävde Fight Club sin egen fiktionalitet. Tillsammans med dess tendenser och intertextuella relationer så vill jag hävda att Fight Club utgör ett lämpligt läromedel och stöd i att forma kritiska och estetiska läsare
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Chan, Cheung-lam. „New Hong Kong Yacht Club“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2594938x.

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Cairns, Jennifer M. „A Lively Discussion Followed: The Rhetoric of Community and Collaboration in a Women's Study Club“. University of Findlay / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=findlay1494420850600116.

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Johansson, Sofia. „L'arrêt Bosman et l'économie des clubs football“. Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-710.

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Denna uppsats handlar om Bosmandomen som trädde i kraft 1995 efter beslut av Europadomstolen. Men den trädde inte i kraft i Sverige först årsskiftet 2004-2005. Bosmandomen uppkom efter spelaren Jean-Marc Bosman. Han ville byta från en belgisk (RC Liège) US Dunkerque) till en fransk klubb, men ansåg att han blev förhindrad på grund av ett för högt pris. Den nya regeln säger att ingen fotbollsklubb vare sig, kan kräva eller erhålla betalningar när någon av dess spelare vars kontrakt löpt ut.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att försöka få svar på frågan hur Bosmandomen har påverkat fotbollsklubbarnas ekonomi, incitament att ta fram egna talanger samt spelarnas löner.

Jag skickade ut enkäter till svenska klubbar som har herrlag i Allsvenskan till division 7. Svarsprocenten blev 17 procent varav 10 klubbar från division 2, 10 klubbar från division 3, en klubb från Superettan och två klubbar från division 4, en från division 6 och en från division 7.

Uppsatsen bygger på fotbollsekonomisk teori med fokus på lagsportens natur, landränta och transfer intäkter. Tidigare studier har använts för att påvisa vad som tidigare gjorts och fungerar som hjälp till min studie.

Resultatet av studien påvisade inte att man med säkerhet kan säga att det är just Bosmandomen som har gjort att mer pengar är i omlopp vid försäljning och löneförhandlingar. Sverige har följt med utvecklingen i Europa. När det gäller talangutveckling verkar det inte spela någon som helst roll vilka regler som införs då bredden är viktigare än de få udda jättetalangerna vilka kan ses som grädden på moset.


Cette étude a pour sujet l’arrêt Bosman, qui date de l’année 1995 par suite d’une décision de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme. Il n’est entré en vigueur en Suède qu’au début de l’année 2005. L’arrêt Bosman a reçu son nom par le footballeur Jean-Marc Bosman. Il a déclaré que son club précédent (RC Liège) l’a empêché de signer un nouveau contrat avec le club français US Dunkerque. Il se croyait empêché par un prix trop élevé. Le nouveau règlement dit qu’aucun club ne peut ni demander ni recevoir des rétributions quand un joueur dont le contrat a expiré veut jouer dans un autre club.

Le but de cette étude est d’essayer de trouver une réponse comment l’arrêt Bosman a influencé l’économie des clubs, leur incitation à former les talents eux-mêmes ainsi que les salaires des footballeurs.

J’ai envoyé des enquêtes à des clubs suédois avec des équipes d’homme de « Allsvenskan » jusqu’à la division 7. Le pourcentage des réponses est de 17 pour cent. Il s’est montré qu’il y avait des réponses de dix clubs venant de division deux, dix clubs venant de division trois, un club venant de »Superettan », deux clubs venant de division quatre, un club venant de division six et un club venant de division sept.

L’étude est basée sur la théorie économique de football. Elle s’est concentrée sur la nature du sport d’équipe professionnel, la rente économique et les recettes transfert. Des études antérieures sur le football européen ont été utilisées pour démontrer ce qui s’est passé et elles forment une base pour mes études.

Le résultat de cette étude n’a pas démontré que c’est l’arrêt Bosman qui a causé la hausse des sommes en circulation en ce qui concerne la vente et les négociations de salaires. La Suède a suivi le développement en Europe. Quand il s’agit du développement des jeunes, il ne semble pas important quelles sont les règles introduites. La base du club est plus importante que les peu nombreux talents exceptionnels qu’on peut considérer plutôt comme la touche finale.

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Tacon, Richard Charles. „Social capital development in voluntary sports clubs“. Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2013. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/37/.

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This thesis seeks to understand how social capital develops within voluntary sports clubs. It adopts a micro-perspective to examine how social capital, defined as ‘the ability to secure resources by virtue of membership in social networks or larger social structures’ (Portes and Landolt, 2000: 532), emerges from social interaction within voluntary sports club contexts. The thesis is informed by a critical realist perspective that focuses on the underlying social mechanisms involved and how they operate differently for different groups and individuals in different circumstances. The empirical analysis, which represents the main contribution of the thesis, is based on three case studies of voluntary sports clubs in the UK. These case studies were carried out over 18 months and involved a number of in-depth interviews with members and organisers and periods of observation at each of the clubs. The analysis shows that members accessed a range of resources through the social ties they formed at the clubs. Interestingly, the analysis demonstrates that, as well as forming strong and weak ties, as standard network models would predict, members formed ‘compartmentally intimate’ ties at the clubs: strong ties that were domain-specific. The analysis reveals that several core mechanisms – reciprocity exchanges, enforceable trust, value introjection and bounded solidarity – operated at the clubs to develop social capital for members, but that these mechanisms were influenced in multiple ways by various elements of context. In particular, the analysis focuses on the socio-organisational context of the clubs and identifies several key elements, including the nature of the focal activity, the voluntariness of participation, the co-operative nature of engagement, the relative absence of hierarchy and the diversity of membership. Overall, the thesis provides support for an organisationally embedded view of social capital development and offers a rare example of critical realist research on social capital.
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Rosenquist, Adrian, und Peter Wiahl. „Playing fair : Swedish football clubs´ social responsibility“. Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15008.

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Sports impact on society and how sports activities can contribute to the well-being of individuals have been studied before. Football is a sport which has been studied a lot regarding the football clubs’ impact on the society. These studies have mainly been done on larger and professional football clubs in Europe. However, at the moment there is no study on smaller clubs in lower divisions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze how, larger and smaller, Swedish football clubs work to contribute to social sustainability through their work with their youths. This was done by interviewing key personnel in a number of selected Swedish football clubs. The result was analyzed by using our modified stakeholder model based on the Salience model described by Mitchell et al. (1997). This model describes different stakeholder groups that could be salient to a firm, which we apply on football clubs. In our findings we discovered that youths were one of the most important stakeholders to a football club. They were strengthened by the local authorities and their parents. Furthermore, in our conclusion we found that there are important stakeholders who affect the ability of the football clubs’ ambition to take social responsibility.
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Bolas, Nuno Filipe Rodrigues Santana. „Business models in the portuguese football clubs“. Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9549.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This work project discusses the key features that affect the Portuguese Football Market and the business models presented by its football clubs by analyzing its unique characteristics and performing a comparison with the main European championships. The business models of Sport Clube Beira-Mar - Futebol, SAD, Sport Lisboa e Benfica - Futebol, SAD, Sporting Clube de Braga - Futebol, SAD and three Portuguese Football Academies were analyzed in order to understand the differences between clubs with dissimilar goals and scopes and which aspects should be improved and explored. Portuguese clubs present a significant competitive advantage in developing players as well as an important members base. However, they face many challenges due to low stadium occupation rates, excessive dependence on certain revenue streams, lack of sports facilities utilization, a limited range of services, and the need to reformulate their revenue structure and increase the interaction with their fans and members by providing them enjoyable experiences beyond the football matches. Hence, a set of recommendations and suggestions was developed, which was discussed with and approved by the previously mentioned clubs, in order to face the referred issues according to nine different operating areas of football clubs management and Portuguese Football in general: Restructuring of Portuguese football, Partnerships & sponsorships/new services, New customer segments and retaining the current ones, Customer relationship management, Interaction with fans and members, Facilities utilization/stadium occupation rates, Financial aspects, Participation in society/social concerns, and Internationalization/search for new revenues in emerging markets.
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Capdeville, Valérie. „L'âge d'or des clubs londoniens (1730-1784)“. Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030150.

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Le club est une institution-clef de la vie londonienne au XVIIIe siècle. Son essor, parallèle à celui du café, de la presse et de l'urbanisation, correspond à une évolution de la sociabilité. Ce lieu de convivialité masculine, privé, exclusif, voire élitiste, connaît son âge d'or à partir des années 1730. Les plaisirs de la table, de la conversation ou du jeu, auxquels s'adonnent ses membres, en font une véritable école du savoir-vivre et permettent la diffusion de nouvelles valeurs, de normes de comportement et de bon goût, propres au gentleman anglais. Le club est un lieu à la fois d'intégration et d'exclusion, à mi-chemin entre espace privé et public. Univers exclusivement masculin, au sein duquel se côtoient raffinement et débauche, il est tantôt antichambre du pouvoir, garant de la liberté d'expression, tantôt foyer de sédition et de subversion. Ainsi, le club reflète à lui seul les paradoxes de la nation anglaise et se révèle être une forme de sociabilité unique en son genre
Clubs were a key feature of eighteenth-century London life. Their growth, parallel to the advent of the coffee-house, of the press, and to urban development, mirrored an evolution of sociability. Those spaces for male conviviality, private, exclusive and somehow elitist, entered their golden age from the 1730s onwards. The pleasures of eating, conversation and gambling, enjoyed by their members, diffused new values, definite norms of savoir-vivre and good taste, designed for the English gentleman. The club was both an instrument of integration and exclusion, half way between the private and public spheres. An exclusive male world, in which refinement and excess coexisted, that institution could be considered either as an anteroom of power, promoting free and constructive debate, or as a centre of plots and subversion. As such, the club seems to embody the paradoxes of the English nation and appears, in this respect, as a form of sociability unique in itself
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Capdeville, Valérie. „L'âge d'or des clubs londoniens : 1730-1784 /“. Paris : H. Champion, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412052748.

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Chambers, Cynthia R., und S. Bottorf. „Tennessee Books Clubs for Individuals with Disabilities“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3881.

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Alfify, Mohammed. „Impact of IPO on professional soccer clubs“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH045.

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Dans les années 1990 et 2000, de nombreux clubs de football professionnel (CFP) ont été inscrits sur les marchés boursiers. Le succès des IPO sur les marchés du football, en particulier dans le domaine des performances sportives et financières, est incertain. Ainsi, nombreux recherches académiques empiriques ont été préconisées pour examiner la performance financière des IPO dans ces clubs. De telles recherches ont révélé que la performance financière des clubs cotés a diminuée. La plupart de ces recherches indiquent qu'il existe une relation entre la performance sportive et la performance financière dans ces clubs. Cependant, les chercheurs n'ont pas déterminé les facteurs de ce phénomène. Pour combler cette lacune dans la littérature antérieure, la thèse vise à identifier les facteurs déterminants de la performance sportive et financière listés dans CFP et à les comparer avec les déterminants des performances sportives et financières des CFP au Moyen-Orient.Cette thèse fournit d'autres preuves empiriques sur la relation entre la performance sportive et la performance financière dans les CFP listés. Le plus important est que les résultats de la thèse fournissent un nombre de facteurs déterminants qui affectent la performance sportive et financière dans les CFP. Parmi les résultats intéressants, on peut citer l’existence de facteurs similaires et différents entre les clubs de football européens et les clubs de football du Moyen-Orient. Cela semble être confirmé par le fait que le marché et les tournois et les règlements sont différents. De plus, l’impact des spectateurs est un résultat intéressant, dans lequel leur effet sur la performance financière est indirect, alors qu’il est direct sur la performance sportive. Cependant, la juste valeur du club est incertaine en raison du manque de divulgation et de détail des informations comptables. Nous suggérons donc d'améliorer la gouvernance d'entreprise pour améliorer la transparence et la responsabilité. De plus, la thèse suggère que la perspective de la gestion stratégique est un facteur important pour traiter la performance financière non durable des CFP, en particulier à long terme afin de mesurer la juste valeur du club. Cela a conduit à gagner en pertinence compte tenu de l’importance de la gestion stratégique dans les futures recherches universitaires. Ainsi, nous pouvons poser la question suivante: dans quelle mesure l’introduction en bourse est-elle durable dans les clubs de football professionnels?
In 1990s and 2000s many professional soccer (PSCs) clubs have been listed IPO in stock markets. The success of IPO in soccer markets, especially in the field of sports and financial performance is uncertain. Thus, number of empirical academic researches have been advocated to examine financial performance of IPO in these clubs. Such researches found financial performance of listed clubs is declined. Most of those researches indicate there is relationship between sports performance and financial performance in those listed clubs. However, researchers have not determine the factors of this phenomenon. To bridge this gap in the past literature, thesis aims to identify the determining factors of sports and financial performance in listed PSCs and to compare them with determinants of sports and financial performance of PSCs in Middle East.This thesis provides further empirical evidence on the relationship between sports and financial performance in listed PSCs. More importantly, results of thesis provide number of determining factors that affect sports and financial performance in PSCs. An interesting results, there are some similar and dissimilar factors between European soccer clubs and Middle east soccer clubs. This seemed to be confirmed by the fact that market and tournament and regulations are different. Furthermore, impact of spectators is interesting result, in which their effect on financial performance is indirect, while direct on sports performance. Yet, fair value of club is uncertain because lack of disclosure and detail accounting information. Thus, we suggest improving corporate governance to enhance transparency and accountability. Moreover, thesis suggest that strategic management perspective is important factor to treat unsustainable financial performance of PSCs, especially in long term in order to measure fair value of club. This lead to gain more relevance considering the importance of strategic management in future academic researches. Thus, we can raise the following question is to which extent IPO is sustainable in professional soccer clubs?
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Lo, Wai-fong. „Redevelopment of South China Athletic Association“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25951245.

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Gavelek, Colleen G. „Profile of the Corporate and Commercial Fitness Industry“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1365517708.

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Sölgén, Samuel, und Daniel Wiklund. „Customer Relationship Management Strategy in Swedish Football Clubs“. Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6071.

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Aim of the Thesis: To investigate the practice of using a CRM strategy in football clubs by comparing earlier successful and unsuccessful CRM implementations by football clubs and study fan relationship theories in a large Swedish football club, thereby presenting guidelines on how to further develop a CRM strategy in a Swedish football club.

 

Methodology: A quantitative approach and a qualitative approach have been used, first collecting empirical data on supporter views through a questionnaire further strengthened by gathering empirical data through an interview. The quantitative data has been presented with descriptive statistics and the qualitative data has been analyzed using a realist approach.

 

Theoretical Perspectives: A literature review has been conducted and resulted in a theoretical framework illustrating the concepts of benefits and risks with CRM, fan relationship marketing, CRM implementation process, CRM systems in football clubs, and supporter loyalty. A research model, “FRM implementation process” has been developed from the theoretical findings. 

 

Empirical Data: The quantitative empirical data has been collected by distributing a questionnaire to supporters of AIK Fotboll. The qualitative empirical data has been collected through interviews with the head of sales and marketing within AIK Fotboll AB.

 

Conclusion: A CRM strategy can benefit Swedish football clubs in areas such as to better capture customer data, better communication between the club and its supporters and provide customized offers as long as the supporters are informed about the changes in strategy. In order for Swedish football clubs to successfully implement a CRM strategy they need to ensure adequate financing and management commitment since an unsuccessful implementation can be devastating to a Swedish football club’s finances.

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Buultjens, Jeremy, und n/a. „Industrial Relations Processes in Registered Clubs of NSW“. Griffith University. School of Industrial Relations, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040514.140227.

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The small business sector has become an increasingly important segment of the Australian economy since the 1970s. Industrial relations in the sector have been assumed to be harmonious. However, to a large extent this belief about industrial relations is based on conventional wisdom rather empirical evidence. Industrial relations research in Australia has concentrated on medium to large businesses because the centralised nature of the industrial relations system encouraged a collective emphasis. This collective emphasis ensured peak representative bodies and larger organisations had a tendency to dominate while small enterprises and their employees were, to a large extent, excluded. The perceived non-problematic nature of industrial relations in the small business sector was another reason for the lack of focus on the sector. The low incidence of strike activity and the low levels of trade union membership have meant research has been concentrated on the more "difficult" areas of industrial relations. The lack of empirical research into industrial relations in the sector is an important shortcoming. There are a number of commentators who suggest that it is too simplistic to assume harmonious relations. It is likely that there is a range of industrial relations in small business, depending on a number of variables including the personality of the owner/manager and employees, the type of business and the current economic climate. The legislative framework will also have an important affect on industrial relations. This study addresses the lack of empirical research in industrial relations in the small business sector by examining the differences between small and large registered clubs in NSW. Registered clubs have an unusual ownership structure and unusual business goals. They are also unusual since they are non-profit organisations formed by groups of people who share a common interest and who have come together to pursue or promote that interest. Registered clubs are governed by a board of directors who are responsible for the formulation of policy and for ensuring that management carries out these policies. This study found that there were significant differences in regards to some aspects of employment relations. For example, small clubs were more likely to have lower rates of unionisation than large clubs. They were also likely to have lower levels of informal bargaining than large clubs. The methods of communication within the workplace were likely to be more informal in small clubs and they were less likely to have communications with a trade union. Despite this greater degree of informality in employment relations, small clubs were more likely to use award provisions to determine wages for their managers and employees. Interestingly, despite the lower level of unionisation and the greater use of awards by smaller clubs there were no significant differences between small and large club managers' perception of the impact of awards and trade unions on club flexibility. The findings from this study suggest the deregulation of the Australian industrial relations system may not have any significant benefits for small business.
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46

Olds, David A. „Food defense management practices in private country clubs“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6651.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics
Carol W. Shanklin
The purpose of this study was to survey country club professionals’ importance perceptions of food defense and the frequency with which preventive practices were implemented in their clubs to prevent bioterrorism. Gaps between importance perceptions and practice frequency were compared with concern of food terrorism and practice frequency implementation. Perceived self-efficacy measures and perceived barriers were compared with motivations to develop a food defense management plan and practice frequency implementation. Importance perceptions and practice frequencies were studied to ascertain if there were differences among operational factors. Club professionals with smaller gaps implemented preventive practices more frequently. Club professionals with higher self-efficacy levels were more motivated to develop food defense management plans and implemented preventive practices more frequently. Club professionals with higher barriers were less motivated to develop food defense management plans and implemented preventive practices less frequently. The field study component investigated food security practices in private country clubs. Club manager interviews and observations of operational practices were conducted. Most club managers stated that they did not think their clubs were at risk of a bioterrorist attack. Cost and lack of need were identified as barriers towards implementing a food defense management plan. Club employees were perceived to be more likely to initiate a bioterrorism attack than non-employees. Background checks and good employment practices were perceived as effective in increasing food security in clubs. Most clubs did not monitor arrivals and over half did not secure their chemicals. Based on the results of the field study, the researcher recommended several actions that could improve food security in country clubs including installing video surveillance and developing disaster management plans that include food defense. Recommendations for future research included continued examination of club managers’ self-efficacy perceptions towards biosecurity and identifying barriers to food defense implementation in other retail foodservice segments.
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Walter, Jason. „Economics of innovation: competition, clubs and the environment“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19009.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Economics
Yang-Ming Chang
Innovation is development of new ideas that leads to better solutions to current problems. From an economic standpoint, innovation is the engine of economic growth. The appearance of innovation is not uniform in the market, and neither are its affects. The development of new products and technology is significant in any industry. As a result, understanding the path of progress within an industry is necessary to maximize the benefit from innovation. The focus of this research is to further understand the relationship between producers, consumers, and the environment, in the context of innovation. Three scenarios are evaluated. First, innovation evaluated in the context technology intensive industries with product differentiation. Using an optimal control approach with product differentiation and firm outlook we examine conditions that maximize social welfare. When firm(s) have the same discount rate regardless of market structure, a monopoly will develop more innovative products. However, it is shown that competition may increase innovation if firms alter their outlook in a duopoly market structure. Next, influence of consumers on producer adoption of clean technology is evaluated. A spatial model is developed to analyze welfare implications of environmental policies in a competitive market with production and consumption heterogeneity. Consumers with heterogeneous preferences choose between non-green and certified green products, while firms with heterogeneous production costs decide whether to engage in green production. In order for green products to be recognized by consumers, firms must join a green club. The number of green firms, environmental standard, and overall welfare under the market solution are all found to be socially sub-optimal. Finally, producer innovation in markets characterized by public policy due to emission concerns is evaluated. Using a dynamic approach, we derive a firm’s optimal R&D investment strategy to develop clean technology. Explicitly allowing for the cumulative nature of R&D shows that emissions per unit of output are lowest when the firms cooperate in R&D, and show that a profit-maximizing merged entity will never choose the most efficient investment strategy in clean technology, which has implications for emission tax policy and environmental innovation to improve overall welfare.
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48

Thévoz, Seth Alexander. „The political impact of London clubs, 1832-1868“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/62958/.

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This thesis examines the political role played by the private members' clubs of the St. James's district of London, between the first two Reform Acts. The thesis looks at the institutional history of such establishments and their evolution insofar as it affected their political work. It then analyses the statistical trends in club membership among Members of Parliament, the overwhelming majority of whom belonged to political clubs. The crucial role of clubs in whipping is detailed, including analysis of key divisions. The distinctive political use of space by clubs is then set out, including an overview of the range of meetings and facilities offered to parliamentarians. Finally, the thesis seeks to address the broader impact of clubs on national electoral politics in this period.
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Nielsen, Mads Lyhne, und Emelie Gullstrand. „Enviornmental Sustainability Among Sport Clubs in Lund's Municipality“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen Idrottsvetenskap (IDV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43628.

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Background: It is important to work with environmental sustainability and to reach this goal since protection of the natural environment is necessary. Every day without more knowledge and action gives future generations worse prerequisites to live a sustainable life. This thesis attempts to address environmental sustainability from a local perspective. Through the Swedish municipality Lund’s Municipality’s climate goals ambition for 2030 and their climate policy “LundaEko”, it is explored how the local sport clubs can contribute to the municipality’s ambition. However limited research is conducted related to environmental sustainability and grass-root sport clubs. Grass-root sport clubs are important since they have a direct impact in children and youth’s upbringing. Through the local sport clubs, Lund’s Municipality have the opportunity to reach more citizens in order to affect them to contribute to the climate goals.  Aim: The overall purpose of this study is to analyse the prerequisites for municipalities to use grass- root sport clubs to contribute to environmental sustainability. The study uses Lund’s Municipality in Sweden and the local sport clubs within the municipality as the empirical example.  Methods: Seven representatives participated in this research. Two from Lund’s Municipality, one from the national sport federation’s regional department “RFSISU Skåne” and four from local sport clubs in Lund. The data was collected from semi-structured interviews and documents/policies. Thematic analysis is used to process, organise, and analyse the collected data. Triple bottom line and institutional theory was applied as a theoretical framework, in order to analyse the data.  Results: The research shows that all interviewed sport clubs endorse environmental sustainability. However, the sport clubs are unsure how to approach the topic, due to lack of knowledge, experience and resources. The sport clubs request support in order to initiate environmental sustainability practices from Lund’s Municipality and RFSISU Skåne.  Conclusion: Lund’s Municipality is responsible of informing the sport clubs about their own climate ambitions and the clubs’ opportunities to contribute. The sport clubs are able to contribute by identify and adopt easy applicable environmental values and utilise their status as an institution to disseminate these values to their members through institutional mechanisms.
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Neves, Tatiana Fonseca das. „Perfil funcional do diretor técnico de Health Clubs“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17436.

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Atualmente, em Portugal, segundo o Decreto-Lei nº 39/2012, de 28 de Agosto, é obrigatória a presença de um diretor técnico em todas as instalações desportivas que prestam serviços desportivos na área da manutenção da condição física (fitness). De acordo com esta questão legal esta dissertação tem como principal finalidade definir o perfil, qualidades e funções de um diretor técnico em Ginásios/Health Clubs e comparar as funções definidas na legislação e as que efetivamente são realizadas nos locais. De modo a averiguar as capacidades, funções e existência do diretor técnico, implementámos um questionário online de forma a realizar uma análise exaustiva nos Ginásios/Health Clubs nacionais para fazer um levantamento. Com isso, concluímos que para além das funções delimitadas na lei existem muitas outras exercidas pelos mesmos no que diz respeito a planeamento/organização, informação, financiamento/orçamento e coordenação/avaliação, para além de duas outras áreas de competência, recursos humanos e marketing; FUNCTIONAL PROFILE OF THE DIRECTOR OF TECHNICAL HEALTH CLUBS ABSTRACT: Currently, in Portugal, according to Decree-Law No. 39/2012, of 28 August, the presence of a technical director in all sports facilities that provide sports services in the area of maintaining physical condition is required (fitness). According to this statement this thesis main purpose is to define the profile, qualities and functions of a technical director in Gyms / Health Clubs and compare the functions defined in the legislation and are actually executed at the sites. In order to verify the capabilities, functions and existence of the technical director, we implements an online questionnaire in order to conduct a thorough analysis in Gyms / Health Clubs to make a national survey. Consequently, we conclude that in addition to the functions defined in the law there are many other they perform with regard to planning / organization, information, finance / budget and coordination / evaluation, in addition to two other areas of competence, human resources and marketing.
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