Dissertationen zum Thema „Analyse des erreurs et l’Interlangue“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Analyse des erreurs et l’Interlangue" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Yaaii, Nigatu Bayissa. „Étude comparative de quelques caractéristiques phonotactiques et morphosyntaxiques de l'afaan-oromo, de l'amharique et du français afin d’analyser l’interférence chez les apprenants du FLE en milieu académique éthiopien“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2024. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research focuses on global errors found in corpora collected from learners of French at the University ofArsi. Through a comparative study, the main aim of this research is, on the one hand, to examine whether theerrors noted are due to interference from the first languages (L1) and, on the other, to determine whetherthese errors appear at each linguistic level. The aim is therefore to assess whether this interference affects theacquisition of the target language at the phonetic, morphological and syntactic levels. In the context ofdidactics, certain teaching strategies, introduced by certain authors, are proposed to teach the production ofsingle sounds, word formation and word
Contreras, Roa Leonardo. „Prosodie et apprentissage des langues : étude contrastive de l’interlangue d’apprenants d’anglais francophones et hispanophones“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a study of the prosodic interlanguage of students of English as a foreign language whose native language is French or Spanish. It is organized in two main parts. The first part is a study of the methods of conception and representation of prosody for the analysis of interlanguage – a hybrid linguistic system which includes characteristics of the student's native language, characteristics of the target language, and intermediate developmental or characteristics. This provides a methodological framework for the phonetic analysis and phonological interpretation of this type of prosodic systems. The second part is the implementation of this methodology through a contrastive interlanguage analysis conducted through the study of an oral corpus of students of English as a foreign language. The results show traces of the influence of their respective native languages at the phonetic and phonological levels, as well as developmental characteristics common to both groups of learners. The results serve as a basis for reflection on the levels of abstraction in the study of prosody and on the didactic priorities for teaching oral English at a university level
Almou, Driss. „Analyse des erreurs de l'écrit des collégiens marocains bilingues“. Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThu, Thuy Ly Thi. „La détermination en français et en vietnamien : Etude contrastive et analyse des erreurs“. Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUEL281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is an attempt to compare and contrast the system of predeterminants of both french and vietnamese based on errors identified in both oral and written exercises by vietnamese students. Contrastive analysis should help to sensitize students regarding the process of language learning and at the same time it helps teachers to adjust their approach in the teaching process. Errors at the level of determinants strangely reveal an inability to master the first language in many vietnamese students. We should bear in mind the fact that L1 plays a major role in the learning of L2
Weber, Corinne. „Difficultes de l'ecrit et epistemologie de l'illettrisme. Analyse morpho-phonologique et typologie des erreurs“. Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR20018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe morphological misbehaviors among 16-19 years old pupils, as well as the associated cognitive disfunctionning is part of illetrism characteristics. At first, a typology of the deviant forms permitted to identify fundamental aspects of the most frequent linguistic habits. Hence, a hierarchisation of illetrism varietes was proposed. Secondly, the analysis of metalinguistic discourse of the processing methods used by the pupils led to consider writing as an object of thought, at a psychological level. The corresponding metacognitive processes give a hint about the cognitive representation and behavior of young people placed in failure school condition. One many observe the existence of a coherent set of rules and it is clear that the discourse used is far from being nonsensical. There is no break in the progression of problem pupils, but rather an evolution according to uncommon references. They build their own equilibrium by producing personal intermediate and approximate systems. Constraints inherent to the production situation inbihit the spontaneous mecanism of association between thought, graphic and lexical complexity and text organization. A common characteristic turns out to be the lack of activation or of development of abstraction capabilities. For j. Plaget, most of these pupils learn writing at the age of 7 to 8 or 11 to 12, i. E. , in the period of controle operations acquisition, when the logic of propositions has not yet
Gazeau, Ivan. „Programmation sûre en précision finie : Contrôler les erreurs et les fuites d'informations“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00913469.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGaliza, Lorena Inès. „Les erreurs écrites en espagnol L2 en contexte universitaire français : analyse et remédiation“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is about error analysis in Spanish as a second language and is aimed at improving language teaching to non-native learners in the French university system. Based on the study of a corpus of supervised written productions in Spanish from French-speaking specialist students in French universities, we analysed grammatical errors in Spanish in order to create an original typology. By focusing on the lexicon and the spelling, the lexicon and the semantics as well as lexical and morphological typologies of errors, this analysis allowed us to produce a work of etiology, mostly based on the errors of interference and negative transfer caused by the foreign languages already known to our students. So as to help the students deal with these errors and help them improve at their linguistic – and also multilingual – competences, we made didactic suggestions taking into account the goals and skills expected from students necessary to reach the B1 level of CECRL
Esta tesis se inscribe en el seno de la investigación sobre el análisis de errores en español lengua segunda y en un enfoque de enseñanza de la lengua a aprendices no nativos en el marco universitario francés. A partir de un corpus de datos escritos centrados en producciones dirigidas en español de estudiantes francófonos especialistas de la universidad francesa, hemos iniciado un trabajo de análisis de los errores de las categorías gramaticales del español para crear diferentes tipos de ellas. Con el foco puesto en las tipologías de los errores léxico-ortográficos, léxico-semánticos, léxico-sintácticos y léxico-morfológicos, este análisis ha llevado a un trabajo de etiología basado en los errores de interferencia y transferencia negativa de las lenguas conocidas por nuestros informantes, errores más frecuentes. Con miras a una remediación de estos errores para lograr el desarrollo de la competencia linguística incluso plurilingüe de los aprendices, proponemos pistas didácticas teniendo en cuenta los objetivos y las competencias requeridas para que éstos adquieran el nivel B1 del CECRL
Ghellai, Mohamed. „Analyse des erreurs et des représentations orthographiques du français par des intellectuels arabophones“. Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research intitled "errors and representations analysis" actually treats of two aspects wich seems to be contributing to the promotion in libya of written french didactic, where orthograph is its principal composant. Errors analysis treats of written authentic productions of libyan students in two different situations: contrain situation (dictation) and less contrain situation (dissertation). Our aim is first of all to situate our research by presenting french teaching in libya to diagnostate, explain types of errors and orthographical procedures confirmed by orthographical errors and didactic implications. Secondly, we analyse arabophon intellectuals representations wich constitute a complementary apport for our research. In this phase, we tent to clarify cognitic aspects having an impact on orthographical procedures on the written texts
Dekhli, Faiza. „Étude et réalisation de logiciels d'optimisation contrainte avec analyse des erreurs de calculs et de données“. Paris 6, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA066413.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHedli-Griche, Sonia. „Estimation de l'opérateur de régression pour des données fonctionnelles et des erreurs corrélées“. Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the research work that we present in this thesis, we study the problem of nonparametric modelization when the statistical data are represented by curves. More precisely, we are interested in the problems of prediction from an explanatory random variable that takes values in some, eventually, infinite dimensional space. Recently, some work has been realised in the functional operatoriel estimation under the independence assumptions of the functional data. In this thesis, we consider that the functional data are dependent and that the error process is stationary (with short or long memory). We have studied and estimated the regression operator under different set-ups: when the functional data (dependent) are deterministic or random, when the error process is a short or long memory, the asymptotic normality when the error process is negatively associated, the local/global choice of the bandwidth, the study of the relevancy of our theoretical results to simulated data and then to real data
Kim, Dong-Sub. „Acquisition du français et analyse des erreurs : le cas des enfants coréens en France“. Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe acquisition of french by the korean adopted children varies according to the age of their arrival in france. In the case of children adopted at the pre-school age, the acquisition of french in similar to that of native children. On the other hand, the acquisition of french by children adopted at the post-school age is characterized by interferential errors of syntax and phonology. Because these children were in a difficult situation in korea, the acquisition of french depends for them on the social and psychological distance
Bellemare, Daniel. „Analyse et correction des erreurs dans la conversion analogique-numérique de la tension électrique“. Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5588/1/000576645.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKatoozian, Katayoon. „Analyse des erreurs orthographiques des étudiants iraniens en langue française“. Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this research is to describe the types of orthographical errors of Iranian students in French language and to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the evolution of each type of error during the four years of bachelor degree (B.A.) in the system of higher education of the French language discipline in Iran. This descriptive analysis is followed by a etiological discussion of orthographical errors based on two key assumptions : the role of the dissimilarity between the two phonological systems of French and Persian languages and the characteristics of higher education of French language in Iran. To achieve this objective, an oral dictation with a selective text was read out to 313 Iranian students from the first to the fourth year of undergraduate French language in all public and private universities in Tehran city. The orthographical errors of these students were classified according to the typology proposed by A.Chervel and D.Manesse (1989), slightly modified, with eight types of errors from the categories of "language", "grammar" and "lexicon". The study of different types of orthographical errors of Iranian students in our sample showed that their most common errors are of two types : 1 – preorthographical errors ("language" category) which contain errors on the non-recognition of the word and on the phonetical errors ; 2 – orthographical errors which contain the grammatical errors. The study of the evolution of orthographical errors of these students showed that the errors will remain the same from the first to the last year of B.A. degree and decrease in frequency but not reach to zero level. The high frequency of phonological and grammatical orthographical errors among students in our sample confirms the mentioned assumptions of this research
Šmilauer, Ivan. „Acquisition du tchèque par les francophones : analyse automatique des erreurs de déclinaison“. Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this thesis is the automatic analysis of errors made by French-speaking learners in declension exercices in Czech. Our work presents the conception and realization of a platform of computer-assisted language learing CETLEF, featuring on-line fill-in-the-blank exercices with feedback on errors. This device can also be useful in the collection of learner production samples in the context of research into second langauge acquisition via error analysis. CETLEF, consisting of a relational data base and author and learner interfaces, rendered necessary the definition of a model for declension in Czech. This model contains a detailed classification of the paradigms and rules for the realization of vocalic and consonantal alternations. It enables the morphological annotation of required forms, the didactic presentation of the morphological system of Czech on the learning platform, as well as the realization of a procedure of automatic error diagnosis. Diagnosis is carried out by the comparison of an erroneous production with hypothetical forms generated from the radical of the required form and various haphazard endings. If a correspondence is found, the error is interpreted according to the differences in the morphological features of the required form and the hypothetical form. An appraisal of the diagnosis of the productions collected on CETLEF shows that the vast majority of errors can be interpreted with the aid of this technique
Fahandej, Saadi Rahim. „Analyse des erreurs dans les productions orales des Persanophones en français langue étrangère“. Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCan or must learning French as a foreign language (FLE) be done without error ? For which reasons are errors being made in oral production of Persanophones in FLE ? What do these errors mean ? Can they be useful to learning ? This study, which is based on concrete examples, tries to answer these fundamental questions for FLE didactics. Error and vulnerability zones have been studied in a contrastive way, in grammatical, phonetical and cultural fields. A possible explanation for the mechanism of errors being made, establish a link between those errors and paralinguistic, linguistic and psycholinguistic systems involved in teaching and learning FLE in Iran. While doing our research, we began by locating the problem of oral expression among Persanophone learners. We then constructed a series of questions and looked for the information on the mechanism of errors. We finally provided pedagogical proposals to be applied when returning to the field, proposals that are supposed to produce awareness of the error and vulnerability zones of Persanophone learners. Our study has revealed that some errors being made by Persanophone speakers were identical to those being made by non-Persanophone speakers. Moreover, most of our pedagogical proposals had already been used in language classes oriented towards learners of different nationalities. This research will then bring to language didactics in general, and didactics of French in Iran in particular, an orientation to error analysis and pedagogical proposals
Bardou, Olivier. „Contrôle dynamique des erreurs de simulation et d'estimation de processus de diffusion“. Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCentral limit theorems characterize the asymptotic properties of Monte-Carlo algorithms and usual functionals of ergodic diffusion processes. The aim of this thesis is the introduction of results précising these theorems in four different areas. The first part of this work is devoted to the simulation of diffusion processes. The first chapter introduces a numerical method leading to a dynamic control of the variance within a Monte-Carlo algorithm. Applications in finance are provided. The second chapter deals with an efficient estimator for the variance of ergodic simulations. Its properties rely on an almost sure central limit theorem. Reduction variance technics are deviced in this framework. The second part of this work is devoted to the statistical estimation of diffusion processes. The first chapter deals with ergodic processes. For different fuctionals of suche processes, we prove Edgeworth expansions précising the speed of convergence in the central limit theorem. Applications in statistics are provided, especially a proof of the efficiency of the Bootstrap in this setting. The second chapter introduces a framework for the parametric estimation of processes generalizing the skew Brownian motion
Helmer, Edwige. „Analyse économique des procédures d'indemnisation des victimes d'erreurs médicales, approches théorique et expérimentale“. Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe provide an analysis of medical malpractice litigation in France. Our toolboxes are both game theory and experimental economics
Schmitt, Étienne. „Le circuit du médicament à l'hôpital : analyse économique, sociologique et juridique“. Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarsalini, Luca. „Analyse des erreurs par approche contrastive d’un corpus de productions écrites franco-norvégiennes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is designed as an error analysis and is organized into two parts. In the first part, we make a defence of error analysis and contrastive grammar as teaching tools. In the second part, we proceed to the analysis of a corpus of errors. Although we originally aimed at comparing the errors produced by Francophone learners of the Norwegian language to those produced by Norwegian learners of French, we could not achieve this goal. Consequently, we conducted an error analysis of errors produced by Norwegian learners of French and by non-Francophone learners of the Norwegian language. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been adopted. The analysis has been consistently conducted from a contrastive perspective of the French and Norwegian languages. During our study, we analysed the phenomenon of interlinguistic interference, and the challenges related to learning the target language in the two populations of learners. We focused simultaneously on both the heuristic and the pedagogic aspects related to the teaching and the learning processes. The quantitative analysis provides an overview of the domains of grammar in the two languages most affected by errors. These results make it possible to conceive new teaching strategies aimed at promoting better integration of the target language's structures
Faissole, Florian. „Formalisations d’analyses d’erreurs en analyse numérique et en arithmétique à virgule flottante“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS594.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis consists of three contributions related to the Coq formalization of error analysis in numerical analysis and floating-point arithmetic.First, we have exhibited an algorithm computing the average of two decimal floating-point numbers and have proved that this algorithm computes the correct rounding. We have formalized the algorithm and its correctness proof in the Coq proof assistant.The second contribution of the thesis is the analysis and the formalization of rounding error bounds associated to the implementation of Runge-Kutta methods applied to linear systems. We have proposed a generic methodology to build a bound on the error accumulated over the iterations, taking potential underflow and overflow into account. We have then instantiated this methodology forclassic Runge-Kutta methods, e.g. the Euler and RK2 methods. We have proposed a formalization of the results, including the definition of matrix norms, theproof of rounding error bounds for matrix operations and the formalization of the generic results and their instantiations.Finally, we have proposed a formalization of functional analysis results that serve as foundations for the finite element method. This formalization is based on the Coquelicot library and includes the theory of Hilbert spaces, the formal proof of the Lax--Milgram Theorem and the proof of completeness of finite dimensional subspaces of Hilbert spaces
Berland, Julien. „Modélisation des erreurs numériques dans une simulation des grandes échelles et étude du screech dans un jet rectangulaire supersonique“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECDL0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work is concerned with the direct noise calculation of the screech tones of supersonic jets. Former studies have shown the complexity of the mechanisms involved in screech tones generation. Large-eddy simulations now permit to investigate such flow configurations in details. A solver adjusted to supersonic has first been developed; Specific discretization algorithms have been designed with this aim in view. The influence of numerical algorithm on the precision of the calculation has furthemore been studied. An analytical framework has been developed and showed that optimized schemes have a good balance between accuracy and computational cost; Finally, a 3D planar jet has been simulated. The study of the numerical results demonstrated that the solver is consistent. Sound sources of the screech tones have also been identified thanks to the numerical data
Ferron, Jean-baptiste. „Analyse statique de l'effet des erreurs de configuration dans des FGPA configurés par SRAM et amélioration de robustesse“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721752.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerron, Jean-Baptiste. „Analyse statique de l'effet des erreurs de configuration dans des FGPA configurés par SRAM et amélioration de robustesse“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals primarily with the analysis of the functionaleffects of errors in the configuration ofSRAM-based FPGAs. These errors can be due either to naturalperturbations (radiations, particles) orto malicious attacks, for example with a laser. The Xilinx Virtex IIfamily is used as first case study,then a comparison is made with the ATMEL AT40K family. This workallowed us a betterunderstanding of the real impact of perturbations, and of the errorpatterns that need to be taken intoaccount when improving the robustness of a circuit implemented on thistype of technology. Thisstudy required the development of specific design tools to automatethe analyses. An innovativemethodology is proposed for the evaluation of the configuration memorysensitivity to SEUs: aclassification of configuration bits is made with respect to theeffects produced on the application by asingle bit-flip. This enables us to identify the most critical areas,and to propose selective hardeningsolutions, improving the global reliability of the application at low cost
Bruttin, Christophe. „Analyse des erreurs dues à l'écoulement dans la mesure de débit par la méthode acoustique : approches expérimentale et numérique /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1746.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSALLES, FREDERIC. „Surete de fonctionnement des logiciels executifs a base de micronoyau : analyse des modes de defaillance et confinement des erreurs“. Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEsmail, Jamaat Narges. „Une analyse des erreurs des étudiants persanophones de français dans l'emploi des connecteurs à l'écrit“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3108/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this research, by focusing on the usage of the connectors in the written texts of the Iranian students in a French language course, we investigated their contribution of the connectors to the text organization in addition to the role of these connectors in the construction of textual cohesion and in the information evolution. After observing the structural differences between the French language and the Persian language, especially regarding the connectors, we formed a hypothesis that the mother tongue of our students may cause the wrong usage of the connectors. To this end, we were inspired by the theories relative to the error analysis and contrastive analysis which allowed us initially to further clarify a classification of the errors and to propose an explanation of the errors found. The analysis of the usage of different types of connectors in the written productions of the group revealed some interesting points on both the students' competence level and their language needs. This research confirmed our initial hypothesis while showing that the recourse to the mother language was not necessarily a cause for wrong usage of connectors in French L2
Wang, Renlei. „Détection linguistique et remédiation didactique des erreurs en français écrit d'apprenants chinois“. Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE1171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBased on error analysis, our doctoral thesis intends to study Chinese learners’ writing skills in French —knowledge, competence and relationship with writing —, and to propose some pedagogical advice ofremediation from the detection of the errors. In order to achieve this, we collected 82 narrative texts (in twoversions) written by 46 Chinese students majoring in French in a Chinese university, their replies to twoquestionnaires (about their relationship with French writing) as well as the statements from six teachers in thecontext of semi-structured interviews (about their relationship with French writing). First of all, the analysis ofthe questionnaires and interviews revealed that the two populations had a relatively less than positiverelationship with French writing. Then, we analyzed the errors detected in the narratives, which are pragmatic,linguistic and textual, and the possible sources of these errors — which we sought to explain by consideringthe three poles of the didactic triangle: the knowledge, the learner and the teacher. The analysis of traces ofthe relationship with writing according to the effects of the subsequent production showed that the ensuingproduction has an overall positive effect on the linguistic quality of the produced texts. This last analysis, whichhighlights the students' investment in the writing process, relativizes our first conclusions about the students'relationship with writing in the corpus. Ultimately, relying on these results, we proposed some didacticinterventions in order to remedy the errors of the Chinese learners when writing French and to promote writtenproduction in the class of French as a foreign language
Abou, Raad Nawal. „LE CALCUL ALGEBRIQUE EN FRANCE ET AU LIBAN ETUDE COMPAREE DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA FACTORISATION ET DES ERREURS DES ELEVEs“. Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKouicem, Kamel. „Analyse et correction des erreurs résiduelles sur analyseur de réseau hyperfréquence : développement de méthodes relatives à la méthode d'autocalibrage TRL“. Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeuzeville, Theo. „Analyse inverse des erreurs des réseaux de neurones artificiels avec applications aux calculs en virgule flottante et aux attaques adverses“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of artificial intelligence, whose implementations are often based on artificial neural networks, is now becoming widespread across a wide variety of tasks. These deep learning models indeed yield much better results than many specialized algorithms previously used and are therefore being deployed on a large scale.It is in this context of very rapid development that issues related to the storage of these models emerge, since they are sometimes very deep and therefore comprise up to billions of parameters, as well as issues related to their computational performance, both in terms of accuracy and time- and energy-related costs. For all these reasons, the use of reduced precision is increasingly being considered.On the other hand, it has been noted that neural networks suffer from a lack of interpretability, given that they are often very deep models trained on vast amounts of data. Consequently, they are highly sensitive to small perturbations in the data they process. Adversarial attacks are an example of this; since these are perturbations often imperceptible to the human eye, constructed to deceive a neural network, causing it to fail in processing the so-called adversarial example.The aim of this thesis is therefore to provide tools to better understand, explain, and predict the sensitivity of artificial neural networks to various types of perturbations.To this end, we first extended to artificial neural networks some well-known concepts from numerical linear algebra, such as condition number and backward error. These quantities allow to better understand the impact of perturbations on a mathematical function or system, depending on which variables are perturbed or not.We then use this backward error analysis to demonstrate how to extend the principle of adversarial attacks to the case where not only the data processed by the networks is perturbed but also their own parameters. This provides a new perspective on neural networks' robustness and allows, for example, to better control quantization to reduce the precision of their storage. We then improved this approach, obtained through backward error analysis, to develop attacks on network input comparable to state-of-the-art methods.Finally, we extended approaches of round-off error analysis, which until now had been approached from a practical standpoint or verified by software, in neural networks by providing a theoretical analysis based on existing work in numerical linear algebra.This analysis allows for obtaining bounds on forward and backward errors when using floating-point arithmetic. These bounds both ensure the proper functioning of neural networks once trained, and provide recommendations on architectures and training methods to enhance the robustness of neural networks
Jambon, Francis. „Erreurs et interruptions du point de vue de l'ingénierie de l'interaction homme-machine“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004996.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKamel, Slimani. „Estimation a posteriori et méthode de décomposition de domaine“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to numerical analysis in particular a postoriori estimates of the error in the method of asymptotic partial domain decomposition. There are problems in linear elliptic partial and semi-linear with a source which depends only of one variable in a portion of domain. Method of Asymptotic Partial Decomposition of a Domain (MAPDD) originates from the works of Grigori.Panasonko [12, 13]. The idea is to replace an original 3D or 2D problem by a hybrid one 3D − 1D; or 2D − 1D, where the dimension of the problem decreases in part of domain. Effective solution methods for the resulting hybrid problem have recently become available for several systems (linear/nonlinear, fluid/solid, etc.) which allow for each subproblem to be computed with an independent black-box code [21, 17, 18]. The location of the junction between the heterogeneous problems is asymptotically estimated in the works of Panasenko [12]. MAPDD has been designed for handling problems where a small parameter appears, and provides a series expansion of the solution with solutions of simplified problems with respect to this small parameter. In the problem considered in chapter 3 and 4, no small parameter exists, but due to geometrical considerations concerning the domain Ω it is assumed that the solution does not differ very much from a function which depends only on one variable in a part of the domain. The MAPDD theory is not suited for such a context, but if this theory is applied formally it does not provide any error estimate. The a posteriori error estimate proved in this chapter 3 and 4, is able to measure the discrepancy between the exact solution and the hybrid solution which corresponds to the zero-order term in the series expansion with respect to a small parameter when it exists. Numerically, independently of the existence of an asymptotical estimate of the location of the junction, it is essential to detect with accuracy the location of the junction. Let us also mention the interest of locating with accuracy the position of the junction in blood flows simulations [23]. Here in this chapter 3,4 the method proposed is to determine the location of the junction (i.e. the location of the boundary Γ in the example treated) by using optimization techniques. First it is shown that MAPDD can be expressed with a mixed domain decomposition formulation (as in [22]) in two different ways. Then it is proposed to use an a posteriori error estimate for locating the best position of the junction. A posteriori error estimates have been extensively used in optimization problems, the reader is referred to, e.g. [1, 11]
Chaimusig, Saowanit. „Étude des erreurs commises par des élèves thaïlandais du secondaire dans leurs productions écrites en français“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37340.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Hamilton, Clive. „Cartographie des erreurs en anglais L2 : vers une typologie intégrant système et texte“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA150.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this study is to try and pinpoint the frontier between grammatical (or sentence-level) errors on the one hand and textual errors on the other in university student essays. Accordingly, a corpus of English L2 learner texts, written by French learners, was collected and annotated using several annotation schemes. The first annotation scheme used is based on a model from the UAM CorpusTool software package, which provided us with an integrated error taxonomy. The annotations obtained were then cross-analyzed using the semantic metafunctions identified in systemic functional linguistics.In addition to providing statistics in terms of specific error frequency, our cross analysis has identified some areas that appear to pose particularly difficult problems, i.e. phraseology, and certain semantic and textual constructions. A classification of what we have called textual acceptability errors has thus been established. In short, the thesis begins with an examination of conceptual issues and ends with the proposal for an explanatory model that can describe erroneous occurrences identified in a foreign language – whether they are grammatical (i.e., linked to the language system itself) or textual (i.e. linked to the text) in nature
Mboumba, Laurence G. „Recherche sur l’apprentissage de l’espagnol au gabon : analyse phonétique contrastive de l’espagnol, du français et du punu“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis present work tries to give an explanation to difficulties that meet the gabonese learners in learning spanish, foreign language. In its development, this thesis draws up a panorama on the situation socio-linguistic of Gabon, on the concepts mother tongue, foreign language and on the models of analysis: Contrastive Analysis, errors Analisis and Interlanguage. This thesis gives also a vision of the three languages, Spanish, French and punu like autonomous systems, with particular characteristics which present certain similarities. From the written productions of the pupils of third and terminal, this thesis proposes to analyze the interferences produced by learners. A sample of 100 copies of duties has constituted the tool of this study. Through these productions, we have identified two types of errors: interlingual and intralingual. The first come from the contact of french with the Spanish, and the seconds of the Spanish language. This study leads to an essential work: to give proposals for the improvement of teaching/learning by the approach of tasks in focusing teaching/learning on the pupil
Alqahtani, Salha. „L'acquisition des relatives. : Etude des erreurs commises par des apprenants arabophones saoudiens de français langue étrangère“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research identifies and analyzes the various errors made by Saudi Arabian-speaking learners in the context of relativization. The study is based on a corpus of 1670 relative. Constituted in an institutional framework, this corpus combines written productions obtained in constrained, semi-constrained and more spontaneous uses. The results confirm the fact that relativisation in French is linguistically complex and represents an undeniable difficulty in the course of a learner. Regardless of the relativized function (sujet < OD < syntagme prépositionnel: où < dont < F. Comp), whatever the expected form (quiSU < où < dont < F.comp. < que < qu’) mistakes are numerous. The main difficulties, located at the junction of the matrix and the relative, concern the choice of the required form and the extraction of the preposition. Although the hierarchy of accessibility of Keenan and Comrie (1977) is generally respected (the lowest relativities causing more errors), some data, however, call it into question: the relativization of an oblique seems sometimes more accessible than the relativisation of an indirect object (où OBL appears more accessible than dont OI or the use of an amalgamated form OI or oblique OI). Moreover, the gap between the languages in contact causes errors, due to negative transfers and, in particular, to an indifference between the strategy of the junctor (modern standard Arabic) and the relative pronoun (French) strategy and to the renewal of modalities for selecting the relativiser of modern standard Arabic. We also note a recourse to a universal complementor (transfer of dialectal Arabic?) Sometimes associated with a resumptive pronoun
Raghay, Ahmed. „Analyse des erreurs linguistiques dans les productions orales et écrites des étudiants apprenant l’arabe langue seconde/étrangère aux niveaux A1/A2 à l’Université Savoie Mont Blanc“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is to analyse linguistic errors made by Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB) students of Arabic as a secondary / foreign language with levels A1 and A2 in oral and written utterances. For that purpose, I resorted to three techniques: - firstly, I prepared a questionnaire for these students in order to collect data on the targets of this study; - I then elaborated a corpus made up of 51 oral utterances, 34 with level A1 and 17 with level A2; - lastly, I formed a corpus made up of 51 written utterances (34 written utterances with level A1 and 17 with level A2), drawn up on the occasion of the second semester final exam of the 2014-2016 academic year. Due to the nature of this research, I resorted to a statistical and analytical method, the latter being based upon three stages: 1) collecting oral and written utterance data, identifying, defining, classifying and describing errors, 2) explaining the sources of errors, 3) solving errors and suggesting didactical possibilities to minimise these students’ errors in oral and written utterances and improving the teaching / learning of Arabic as a secondary / foreign language in France. The results of this research revealed that the main categories of errors are of phonological/orthographic, lexico-semantic, morphological and syntactic natures respectively. The main types of errors are substitution, omission, addition and order. Finally, two sources of errors appeared: intralingual errors and interlingual errors. Considering this study results, I suggested using the verbo-tonal method based on three techniques to correct errors: correction based on the intonation and length of vowels, correction of nuanced pronunciation and correction of combinatorial pronunciation. In conclusion, I suggested three didactical solutions aiming at minimising those errors. The first one is a phonological proposition based on listening; the second one is a proposition centred on teaching morphology; the third one is proposition based on linguistical contents taking the polyglossic feature of the Arabic language into account
Mourier, Frédéric. „Analyse des erreurs de production des voyelles orales du français dans des tâches de répétition et de lecture auprès d’un public d’étudiants-es saoudiens-nes de F.L.E“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAL020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study anchors in the field of pronunciation didactics in French as a Foreign Langage by observing the phonetic-phonological confusions made by Saudi learners. The descriptive approach of the interphonological variation through the constitution of an oral corpus is in accordance with the IPFC project (Detey & Kawaguchi, 2008 ; Racine et al., 2012). The IPFC-Arab project provides studies for different dialect groups (Abou Haidar, 2016), but there are few studies for Saudi Arabic (Al-Shihri, 2002). The protocol for collecting the data is based on the word-list of the IPFC-Arab project. It comprehends 2 tasks (repeating and reading) submitted to 9 subjects with level B1. A French native-speaking reference group is subject to the same protocol. The results enable to compare the speakers groups per tasks to observe the variation zones and the distribution of errors. The results express a tendancy to move along the axis of closeness position
Delsol, Laurent. „Régression sur variable fonctionnelle : estimation, tests de structure et applications“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoppry, Maïder. „Bon usage des antibiotiques à l’hôpital : analyse des causes profondes et indicateurs“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0324.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExcessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to individual and collective consequences, including antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic stewardship programs are implemented in health care facilities (HCF) with contrasting results on antibiotic use, probably due to unidentified or unaccounted for local factors. These local factors could be explored using a specific tool for root cause analysis (RCA) of inappropriate use of antibiotics. The objectives of this thesis work were: 1) to identify the human (prescriber and patient) and organizational factors influencing antibiotic use to be included in an RCA tool; 2) to identify situations that are consequences of inappropriate antibiotic use and that are monitored in hospitals, which would be eligible for a RCA; and 3) to define relevant indicators to measure the effect of performing RCA on the appropriate use of antibiotics. Our literature review identified 34 factors influencing antibiotic use to be included in a RCA tool: six prescriber-related, ten patient-related and 18 organizational factors. Our second work showed that pharmacovigilance reports would detect the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following inappropriate antibiotic use. The study showed that half of the ADRs attributable to co-trimoxazole were preventable, of which 70% were serious, two thirds were not in compliance with the SPC, and 30% of the prescriptions were not justified. A third work showed that apart from exposure to carbapenems, exposure to β-lactam inactive on P. aeruginosa, molecules frequently used for empirical treatments in intensive care units, was a significant risk factor for the acquisition of carbapenem resistance. Thus, laboratory results could help identifying the acquisition of resistance resulting from inappropriate antibiotic use. Finally, our work on indicators consisted in comparing three indicators, based on antibiotic consumption, for HCF benchmarking: ANSM, AWaRe-like and ECDC indicators. Across all types of ES, all three indicators were correlated, with a stronger correlation between the ANSM and AWaRe-like indicators. According to HCF type, the indicators were not always correlated, resulting in differences in HCF ranking. Our results suggested the use of two complementary indicators: the ECDC indicator more reflective of antibiotic selection pressure and the AWaRe-like indicator more perceived as being related to the quality of the prescription. The next step will be to elaborate the RCA tool and implement it in different eligible situations to guide the choice of interventions to improve antibiotic use in hospitals. The usefulness of the new indicators to measure improvements resulting from interventions and their ability to be understood by local stakeholders should be assessed. Finally, beyond the use at hospital level, findings from our work will inform decision makers to guide national policies on appropriate use of antibiotics and to adapt national surveillance systems to include new relevant indicators
Alfarajat, Raïd. „Problèmes posés par l’apprentissage du Français Langue Étrangère (F.L.E) en milieu universitaire : le cas de la Jordanie. Analyse des difficultés des apprenants et propositions didactiques“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this research which is part of a thesis in linguistics, our interest was focused on the problems faced by Jordanian students who learn the French language when producing written work. We found that interference is a major difficulty that learners affronted frequently; it is therefore a challenge for the teaching of French. In this research the analysis of grammatical and lexical spelling errors, based on a survey in French language and literature department at the University of Jordan in Amman, we have attempted to identify the mistakes, understand their causes to know how the learners' mother tongue (Jordanian Arabic) and the first foreign language in the country (English) mark their written productions. We then sought to remedy with a view to the development of spelling skills of learners and also the teaching of French in Jordan according to their needs and expectations in order to introduce an effective methodology for learning French language
Naji, Tareq. „Enseignement / apprentissage des langues étrangères au Yémen. Etude des erreurs et difficultés en français rencontrées par des étudiants yéménites à partir de l’analyse des productions écrites“. Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa présente étude consiste à étudier la compétence écrite chez les étudiants de français à l’université de Taëz, au Yémen, par le biais de l’analyse des erreurs dans les productions écrites recueillies dans le cadre d’un corpus spécial élaboré pour cet effet. Bien que le repérage des erreurs d’expression écrite puisse paraître une opération simple et systématique, l’appréhension des mécanismes de production de ces erreurs et l’analyse de leurs véritables raisons constituent la partie immergée de l’iceberg. Pour mener à bien cette investigation, il a fallu établir des catégories opérationnelles dans lesquelles pourront s’inscrire les erreurs significatives relevées, en vue d’une analyse plus étayée. Des concepts opératoires inspirés des travaux didactiques de plusieurs auteurs nous ont permis de mieux cerner les rouages du processus enseignement/apprentissage du français et d’élargir notre perspective de recherche des racines des erreurs tant dans les stratégies d’auto-apprentissage mises en œuvre par les apprenants eux-mêmes, que dans les conditions du déroulement de l’enseignement dispensé au département de français. Des difficultés grammaticales, syntaxiques, lexicales inhérentes à la langue française du point de vue d’un apprenant yéménite, jusqu’aux problèmes d’inattention, de manque de motivation, de ressources documentaires ou d’exposition à la langue française, en passant par le mode de fonctionnement des cours et les modalités des contrôles, nous découvrons, durant toutes ces étapes de parcours, les différentes sources des difficultés constatées. Lesquelles permettent, d’une part, l’explication du phénomène des erreurs dans la situation particulière qui est celle des étudiants yéménites, et d’autre part, la conception de solutions adéquates susceptibles de remédier à ces erreurs de façon radicale et non seulement symptomatique. Aussi, espérons-nous attirer l’attention de tous les protagonistes impliqués dans le processus didactique, sur les problèmes réels auxquels se heurtent l’étudiant yéménite désireux d’apprendre cette langue ainsi que sur les meilleures approches possibles pour entreprendre les réformes et les traitements nécessaires
Galopier-Legouge, Catherine. „Analyse critique et aspect éthique des décisions de la cour de Cassation du 17. 11. 2000 au 28. 11. 2001 relatives à l'erreur ou à l'abscence de diagnostic prénatal et à ses conséquences indemnitaires“. Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Supreme Court, through six judgements issued between 17th November, 2000 and the 28th November 2001, has ruled on the loss to the mother and the consequential pain and suffering for which damages should be paid to the parents of the handicapped child in the context of the contractual liability of the doctor in cases of negligence leading to error of prenatal diagnosis. It has allowed the handicapped child, as a third party to a contract, to bring a court action; he can now sue the health professional, invoking his or her liability and demand damages: that resulting from the handicap. It has enforced the application of the law concerning abortion and the choice of the mother. To understand these decisions we need to study the legal act. If they are legal, if methods used seem to highlight the understanding of judges, the ethical approach followed reveals an attainable concept of respect for the individual. However, the possible legal framework assigned to these decisions, extending to a desire to establish governance over the decisions of judges, is questionable
Fadhuile-Crépy, Adelaïde. „Concurrence et différenciation des produits sur le marché des pesticides : une analyse empirique sur données françaises“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFollowing the “Grenelle de l’Environnement” the French government takes the commitment to reduce by 50% pesticide use while maintaining current production levels. How can we reach this objective? Is this target sustainable ? This thesis analyzes the demand of farmers and its interaction with firms supply. A desagregated dataset is constructed to analyze the determinants of farmers’ practices related to the characteristics of products and firms that market them. The first chapter estimates a demand system assuming homogeneous products within categories of pesticides. It confirms that the demand is not sensitive to the prices at an aggregated level. It shows that only a very high ad valorem tax would achieve the objective of the ”Grenelle de l’Environnement”. However, this measure would significantly reduce farmers' income. Alternatively, the thesis retains simultaneous action on both the supply and the demand. First, a price index is constructed in the second chapter. It introduces the technical and regulatory specificities of these products by exploiting the panel structure of the price series. Second, the adjusted price computed indexis used in the third chapter which retains structural econometrics framework to analyze the market equilibrium. Taking into account the structure of competition we compute the margins of firms which are generated by different competition conduct. These results are used to evaluate the effect of the modification of the homologation process on margins. We find that important source of margin was generated by this regulation which sustain innovation
Alkontar, Ola. „L'impact de la langue maternelle sur l'expression « du » et « en » français : cas des apprenants libanais francophones dans les collèges et les lycées privés du Mont-Liban“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCC043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen a Lebanese student produces a French text, both orally and in writing, he becomes the author of a language of which he is unaware of the most subtle nuances. This bridge, which joins two languages, is built on a dilemma, loyalty-betrayal. When the Lebanese expresses themselves in French, they must always put themselves in a position of understanding. To express oneself in a language other than one's own is first of all tounderstand; teaching a foreign language means above all getting the learner to get rid of literal expression, otherwise, we distort the meaning, and we end up without a “Tower of Babel”.Learning a foreign language necessarily involves moments of difficulty caused by different sociolinguistic factors, including the interference of the mother tongue and the influence of mastery of other foreign languages. Such factors play an important role, especially at the beginning of learning.Our study is based on an analysis of the recurring errors of Lebanese learners in private middle and high schools in Beirut, having identical levels in French, the language studied alongside Arabic, the mother tongue. This study allows us to establish some elements for reflection concerning interference by comparing two different morphosyntactic systems: Arabic and French. The writing errors of French-speaking Lebanese learners from thesame mother tongue and for the same instructions can be compared in order to understand the reasons underlying these errors and to propose appropriate teaching strategies to correct them
Issa, Mansour. „Les influences de la langue maternelle (l'arabe) sur l'apprentissage du français en Lybie : étude analytique et descriptive des productions écrites des apprenants Libyens“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract This study investigates the influence of native language (Arabic) on the learning of French among Libyan learners in an institutional setting : the French department at the University of Benghazi and Tripoli in Libya. It examines the morphosyntactic errors the learners commit in their written productions, and the interlingual difficulties they face. The purpose of this study is to identify and classify those errors, and to investigate their causes so as to offer procedures to correct them. The study aims to bring a reflection on the teaching of French in Libya and the opportunities to improve some of the teaching approaches that are used in the departments of French language. It also aims to discuss or present a number of strategies in teaching French as a foreign language that could be implemented in the Libyan context, and to address various theories linked to this teaching. To achieve these goals, we first traced the evolution of the teaching of French language in Libya. Then we discussed a number of concepts of major significance for our study. We discussed in a second time different views on certain studies in learning (or acquisition) of a foreign language. Next, we examined the morphosyntactic characteristics of some linguistic features of Arabic in comparison with French. We presented our corpus, our ranking methods, and the errors identified in the learners’ submissions. Following the conclusions drawn from the latter analysis, we presented some didactic strategies that may be useful for the teaching of French language in Libya or that may add new perspectives to existing approaches
Ying, Xiaohua. „Approche cognitive en didactique des langues : analyse et interprétation d'erreurs écrites prototypiques en français langue étrangère par des apprenants chinois et remédiation“. Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePelassa, V. „Détection, localisation et étude des propriétés spectrales de sursauts gamma observés à haute énergie avec l'expérience Fermi“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598588.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhang, Li. „Analyse des difficultés rencontrées par les étudiants chinois au cours de leur apprentissage du français et réflexions didactiques (à partir de la voix passive)“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCF018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBy examining the typical difficulties faced by Chinese students in their learning of French as foreign language (FLE in French), this thesis aims to list, categorize, and analyze their recurring errors at different levels in writing, in order to propose some proper suggestions that could possibly help improve the teaching of French as foreign language in China. The thesis is divided into seven chapters based on error analysis from a specific grammar point - the passive voice, and then, the thesis, at the micro level, on different aspects: perceptuo - memorial, meta-linguistics and semantic - pragmatic, analyzes the various types of written errors Chinese students make in their French learning, with a general assessment at the end. With previous analysis, the thesis concludes that the main causes of the difficulties Chinese students encounter in the French learning lie in the differences between French language and their mother tongue while the influence of the mother tongue is ubiquitous. It is with the reference of structural linguistics and contrastive linguistics in our analyzing process of the error cases, one by one from the materials specially gathered for this purpose, that the research has found the main causes that underlie the errors. And it is by using a statistical analysis of the corpus collected, that the research has also found the distribution of different categories of the errors, so that it provides a objective basis for the further improvement of French teaching in China
Incorvaia, Nicolas. „L'enseignement-apprentissage de l'arabe standard moderne aux-par les apprenants français“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU20036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe relationships between the inhabitants of France and the speakers of the Arab language-culture are very old, as they date back at least to the Crusades and the first Latin translations of the Koran. After reminding the main historical steps of the teaching of Arabic in France (officially organised in France since the 16th century), we will look into the current situation of this language in France, where it is considered the second most spoken language. However, this language presents a remarkable pluriglossia situation with five varieties living alongside: Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic (or MSA), Middle Arabic, the Arabic dialects and the “francarabe”. These historical and sociolinguistic elements, completed by a comparative study between MSA and Standard French, allow us to approach our problematic that falls into the didactics of languages-cultures : What are the main issues that can be encountered by a adult French learner who starts studying MSA? The analysis of a corpus of errors allows us to answer this question and to proffer some didactic proposals to facilitate the learning of communication in MSA. In order to deepen our thinking on this matter, we also sought to know the motivations that led the respondents to learn MSA, as well as the uses they made of their skills in Arabic. Our problematic is also set in the social context of contemporary France, where intercultural communication is of paramount importance