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1
Knoerchen, Andre. Schadenswiedergutmachung über anwaltliche Schlichtungsstellen: Rechtsökonomische Analyse eines Modellprojektes. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2005.
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Jansen, Dorothea. Ein entscheidungstheoretisches Modell zur Analyse von Vermittlungsverfahren: Eine empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel des Güteverfahrens vor dem Schiedsmann. Bochum: N. Brockmeyer, 1987.
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Alent'eva, Tat'yana. Public opinion in the United States on the eve of the Civil war (1850-1861), was. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1068789.
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The monograph first examines American public opinion as a major factor of social and political life in the period of the maturing of the Civil war (1861-1865 gg.). Special value it is given by the study of the struggle in the South and in the North, consideration of the process of formation of two socio-cultural models.
On the wide canvas of the socio-economic and political history in the monograph analyses the state and development of public opinion in the United States, sequentially from the compromise of 1850, a small civil war in Kansas, the uprising of John brown, of the maturing of "inevitable conflict," the secession of the southern States to the formation of the southern Confederacy and the Civil war. Reveals a fierce struggle, which was accompanied by the adoption of the compromise Kansas-Nebraska and the Supreme court decision in the Dred Scott case of 1857, which annulled the action of the famous Missouri compromise. Special attention is paid to the formation of the Republican party and the presidential elections of 1856 and 1860
Shown, as were incitement to hatred between citizens of the same country, which were used propaganda and manipulative techniques. The totality of facts gleaned from primary sources, especially the materials about these manipulations give an opportunity to look behind the scenes politics that led to the outbreak of the Civil war in the United States, a deeper understanding of its causes.
For students of historical faculties and departments of sociology and political Sciences, and anyone interested in American history.
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Alent'eva, Tat'yana. From the history of American journalism. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1213790.
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The monograph examines the period in the history of the United States immediately preceding the Civil War of 1861-1865. The problem that is at the center of the author's attention is the public opinion of Americans on the most important domestic political issues. The paper analyzes the influence of the newspaper "New York Tribune" on the formation of views, opinions and preferences of Americans. For the first time in Russian American studies, a thorough analysis of the leading periodical of the pre-war period is given, the composition of the editorial staff and the views of journalists are described in detail. Special attention is paid to the founder and publisher of "Tribune" Horace Greeley. The monograph examines both socio-economic problems and the party-political struggle. The most important compromise measures, the Civil War in Kansas, the presidential elections of 1856 and 1860 are evaluated through the prism of the comments of the New York Tribune and at the same time through the perception of its readers. As a result, the monograph creates a multicolored palette of opinions of North Americans, their perception of the situation in the country on the eve of the Civil War. This allows us to expand and deepen our understanding of the causes of the second North American revolution.
For professionals, students, and anyone interested in the problems of history.
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Cinquegrani, Alessandro, Francesca Pangallo und Federico Rigamonti. Romance e Shoah Pratiche di narrazione sulla tragedia indicibile. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-492-9.
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Over the last 70 years, Holocaust representations increased significantly as cultural objects distributed on a large scale: fictional books, museum sites, artworks, documentaries, and films are only a few samples of those echoes the Holocaust produced in contemporary Western culture. There are some specific patterns in the way the Holocaust has been represented that, however, contrast with the survivors’ account of the same event: for example, the dichotomy between bad and good characters so essential within Holocaust-based media – especially on television and film - does not really match with the testimony’s experience. While storytelling strategies may help to involve the public by emotionally engaging with the story, the risks of altering the real meaning of the Holocaust are quite high: what we often label as a “story” is actually been an outrageous, documented mass-genocide. Furthermore, as the age gap between the present and the past generation progresses, also the collective awareness of Nazi crimes as a real fact gets compromised. This volume explores selected Holocaust narrations by contextualizing the historical, literary, and social influences those texts had in their unique points of view. Starting with some recent examples of Holocaust exploitation through social media, the first chapter explores the paradigm shift when the Holocaust became a cultural, fictional trend rather than a historical massacre. In the second chapter, the analysis examines postmodern representations of Holocaust and Nazi semantics through relevant examples taken from both American and European literature. The third chapter analyses Europe Central by William T. Vollman, as all the narratological and cultural issues considered in the previous two chapters are well outlined in this articulated novel, where the relationship between reality and its representation after the postmodernist period is largely investigated. In chapter four, an account is given of the connections and differences between the narratological category romance, as understood by Northrop Frye, and Holocaust narration features. In chapter five, those elements are used to consider the work of Italian Holocaust survivor and Jewish writer Primo Levi, as his narration around Auschwitz adopts some fictional tools and still refuses undemanding storytelling mechanisms. The sixth and final chapter examines the relevant novel Les Benviellants by Jonathan Littell, considering its Nazi genocide account through the antagonist’s perspective.
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Bird, Stephanie, Mary Fulbrook, Stefanie Rauch und Bastiaan Willems, Hrsg. Perpetration and Complicity under Nazism and Beyond. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350327801.
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Perpetration and Complicity under Nazism and Beyond analyses perpetration and complicity under National Socialism and beyond. Contributors based in the UK, the USA, Canada, Germany, Israel and Chile reflect on self-understandings, representations and narratives of involvement in collective violence both at the time and later – a topic that remains highly relevant today. Using the notion of ‘compromised identities’ to think about contentious questions relating to empathy and complicity, this inter-disciplinary collection addresses the complex relationships between people’s behaviours and self-understandings through and beyond periods of collective violence. Contributors explore the compromises that individuals, states and societies enter into both during and after such violence. Case studies highlight patterns of complicity and involvement in perpetration, and analyse how people’s stories evolve under changing circumstances and through social interaction, using varying strategies of justification, denial and rationalisation. Each chapter also considers the ways in which contemporary responses and scholarly practices may be affected by engagement with perpetrator representations.
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L'expression du refus en milieu francophone au Cameroun: Entre conflit et compromis. Muenchen: Lincom GmbH, 2022.
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Drane, Daniel L., und Dona E. C. Locke. Mechanisms of Possible Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Herausgegeben von Barbara A. Dworetzky und Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0005.
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This chapter covers what is known about the possible mechanisms of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). It begins with a review of all research examining possible cognitive deficits in this population. Cognitive research in PNES is often obscured by noise created by a host of comorbid conditions (e.g., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain) and associated issues (e.g., effects of medications and psychological processes that can compromise attention or broader cognition). More recent studies employing performance validity tests raise the possibility that studies finding broad cognitive problems in PNES may be highlighting a more transient phenomenon secondary to these comorbid or secondary factors. Such dysfunction would likely improve with successful management of PNES symptomatology, yet the effects of even transient variability likely compromises daily function until these issues are resolved. Future research must combine the use of neuropsychological testing, performance validity measures, psychological theory, neuroimaging analysis, and a thorough understanding of brain–behavior relationships to address whether there is a focal neuropathological syndrome associated with PNES.
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Riart, Luis Alberto. Die Bildungstheoretischen fundamente der bildungsreform Paraguays unter dem regulativ von bildung: Eine pädagogische Analyse des 1. Kapitels der Schrift "La Reforma Educativa: compromiso de todos". 2000.
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Brems, Eva. Conclusion—Conflicting Views on Conflicting Rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795957.003.0013.
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These concluding reflections analyse the approaches and stances adopted across the volume and, on that basis, highlight some of the bones of contention in current human rights scholarship on conflicting (Convention) rights. The first matter on which opinions diverge is ‘to name or not to name’, i.e. whether or not to explicitly identify a conflict between Convention rights. The second is that of ‘choice versus compromise’, i.e. whether a finding of conflicting rights automatically leads to a solution that prioritizes one right over the other, or whether instead a compromise between the conflicting rights is preferable. The third issue is that of ‘balancing’ as opposed to other approaches that allow to prioritize among conflicting rights. The final issue, on which diverging opinions are discussed, is that of subsidiarity and the margin of appreciation.
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Hibbert, D. Brynn, und J. Justin Gooding. Data Analysis for Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162103.001.0001.
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Chemical data analysis, with aspects of metrology in chemistry and chemometrics, is an evolving discipline where new and better ways of doing things are constantly being developed. This book makes data analysis simple by demystifying the language and whenever possible giving unambiguous ways of doing things. Based on author D. Brynn Hibberts lectures on data analysis to undergraduates and graduate students, Data Analysis for Chemistry covers topics including measurements, means and confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, and calibration models. The end result is a compromise between recipes of how to perform different aspects of data analysis, and basic information on the background principles behind the recipes to be performed. An entry level book targeted at learning and teaching undergraduate data analysis, Data Analysis for Chemistry makes it easy for readers to find the information they are seeking to perform the data analysis they think they need.
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Hurst, Steven. The United States and the Iranian Nuclear Programme. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748682638.001.0001.
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The United States, Iran and the Bomb provides the first comprehensive analysis of the US-Iranian nuclear relationship from its origins through to the signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015. Starting with the Nixon administration in the 1970s, it analyses the policies of successive US administrations toward the Iranian nuclear programme. Emphasizing the centrality of domestic politics to decision-making on both sides, it offers both an explanation of the evolution of the relationship and a critique of successive US administrations' efforts to halt the Iranian nuclear programme, with neither coercive measures nor inducements effectively applied. The book further argues that factional politics inside Iran played a crucial role in Iranian nuclear decision-making and that American policy tended to reinforce the position of Iranian hardliners and undermine that of those who were prepared to compromise on the nuclear issue. In the final chapter it demonstrates how President Obama's alterations to American strategy, accompanied by shifts in Iranian domestic politics, finally brought about the signing of the JCPOA in 2015.
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Hauptgutachten. Wettbewerb 2020. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748911647.
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The Monopolies Commission's Biennial Report XXIII, titled “Competition 2020”, analyses how distortions of competition in the internal market, which are caused by subsidies granted by third countries such as China, can be reduced. It proposes the introduction of an instrument that aims to control such third country subsidies. In the Corona crisis, competition law should continue to be applied with no compromises as to substantive law, and rescue packages granted by the State should be accompanied by measures to promote competition. With regard to the digital platform economy, the Commission endorses the introduction of ex ante regulation of dominant companies at EU level. The sector exemption for hospital mergers, as proposed in the context of the 10th amendment to the German Competition Act (GWB), is rejected. Further, the Report includes an analysis of the economic concentration in Germany and of the decision-making practice in competition law in the past two years.
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Cranford, Cynthia J. Home Care Fault Lines. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749254.001.0001.
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This revealing look at home care illustrates how elderly and disabled people and the immigrant women workers who assist them in daily activities develop meaningful relationships even when their different ages, abilities, races, nationalities, and socioeconomic backgrounds generate tension. As the book shows, workers can experience devaluation within racialized and gendered class hierarchies, which shapes their pursuit of security. The book analyzes the tensions, alliances, and compromises between security for workers and flexibility for elderly and disabled people, and argues that workers and recipients negotiate flexibility and security within intersecting inequalities in varying ways depending on multiple interacting dynamics. What comes through from the book's analysis is the need for deeply democratic alliances across multiple axes of inequality. To support both flexible care and secure work, the book argues for an intimate community unionism that advocates for universal state funding, designs culturally sensitive labor market intermediaries run by workers and recipients to help people find jobs or workers, and addresses everyday tensions in home workplaces.
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Bergman, Torbjörn, Hanna Back und Johan Hellström, Hrsg. Coalition Governance in Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.001.0001.
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Coalition government is the most frequent form of government in Western Europe, but there is relatively little systematic knowledge about how this form of government has developed in recent decades. This volume analyses governments that have formed in the Western European countries since the Second World War and covers the full life cycle of coalition governments from the formation of party alliances before elections to coalition formation after elections, governing and policy-making when parties work together in office, and the stages that eventually lead to governments terminating. Since the early 1990s, many coalition governments form in a context of increased fragmentation of party systems, increased polarization, and the rise of populist parties. The volume captures these changes and examines their implications for the different stages of the coalition life cycle. A particular emphasis of the volume is on the study of how coalitions govern together even when they have different agendas. Do individual ministers decide, or the prime minister, or are the policy outputs of a government a result of a process of coalition compromise? Focusing on the coalition governance stage, we analyse the variation in the use of various control mechanisms across countries, for example showing that many coalition governments draft extensive contracts to control their partners in cabinet. The volume covers 16 West European countries and introduces the case of Croatia. Systematic cross-national data is available in an online appendix.
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Jurdem, Laurence R. Paving the Way for Reagan. University Press of Kentucky, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175843.001.0001.
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The book analyzes the influence of National Review, Human Events, and Commentary on the foreign policy ideas of the Republican Party from 1964–1980. During that eighteen-year period, the publications of conservative opinion provided ideological clarification on important national issues that played a fundamental role in reviving the political fortunes of the American Right, culminating in the election of Ronald Reagan. Those who wrote for these publications used their positions to offer suggestions to conservative policy makers that called for a more confrontational approach toward the Soviet Union and the nations that sought to compromise the United States’ interests around the world. In recommending a shift in foreign policy, Human Events, National Review, and Commentary assisted right-wing decision makers by contributing arguments to revive what these publications believed was a weak and indecisive United States that had become uncertain about its role in the world following the defeat in Vietnam. By criticizing policies, such as détente, or the aggressiveness of the Third World within the United Nations, opinion makers on the Right offered conservative political leaders information and analysis that called for the return of American power in the face of an ever more confident Soviet Union.
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Ebrahim, Afsah. Part 5 Emerging Constitutions in Islamic Countries, 5.1 Constitution-Making in Islamic Countries—A Theoretical Framework. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0027.
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This chapter analyzes the challenges of establishing legitimate governance in post-conflict societies. It highlights the fact that the establishment of a stable political community that is not inordinately dependent on repressive violence rests ultimately on the voluntary acceptance by the populace of the given institutional order as legitimate. Increasingly, legitimacy is becoming tied to norms of democratic participation. But the commitment to majoritarian decision-making that lies at the heart of democracy will in and of itself not necessarily yield a stable polity without a modicum of liberalism. This, in turn, depends on a functioning institutional structure and learned behavioral patterns of compromise and legality.
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Neiberg, Michael S. The Treaty of Versailles: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190644987.001.0001.
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Signed on June 28, 1919, between Germany and the principal Allied powers, the Treaty of Versailles formally ended World War I. Problematic from the very beginning, the treaty was seen even by its contemporaries as a mediocre compromise, creating a precarious order in Europe and abroad and destined to fall short of ensuring lasting peace. The Treaty of Versailles: A Very Short Introduction explains the enormous challenges facing those who tried to put the world back together after the global destruction of World War I amid competing national interests. It analyzes the many subtle factors that influenced the treaty and shows how the treaty affected not only Europe, but also the rest of the world.
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Stark, Alastair. Logics for Action and Conventional Wisdom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831990.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the logics for action that inquiry actors bring into a lesson-learning episode. Logics for action is a term that describes the knowledge-related preferences that actors use in inquiries to make decisions. Analysis of the logics in these cases leads to three specific arguments. First, that political logics for action do not compromise inquiries in the ways which inquiry research currently suggests. Second, that public-managerial logics are essential to inquiry success in terms of policy learning. Finally, that legal-judicial logics need not necessarily lead to blaming and adversarial proceedings, which derail the lesson-learning function. These three arguments once again suggest that we need to rethink much of the conventional wisdom surrounding inquiries.
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Kirsty, Gover. Part II Group Identity, Self-Determination, and Relations with States, Ch.7 Equality and Non-Discrimination in the UNDRIP: Articles 2, 6, and 7(1). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673223.003.0008.
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This chapter analyses the rights to equality and non-discrimination in Articles 2, 6, and 7(1). The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) covers the full spectrum of rights contained in international and regional instruments, adapted to the circumstances of indigenous peoples. Because the UNDRIP has an exceptionally wide substantive scope, debates about equality and non-discrimination were a central part of the negotiations leading to its adoption. Where provisions of the UNDRIP were thought to deviate from rights already expressed in international law, they were perceived in some states to compromise the fundamental principles of equality and non-discrimination that underpin existing human rights' instruments. In this way, the extensive discussions about equality and indigeneity that characterized the development of UNDRIP are also debates about the continuity and coherency of international human rights' law.
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Henry, Charles P. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter discusses events that mark three periods of racial progress in U.S. history. These are: the period following the Revolutionary War, the period that began with the Civil War and ended with the compromise of 1877, and the period following World War II. Obama's election as president is believed to mark the beginning of a fourth. The analysis undertaken in this work along with some lessons from periods past enables us to speculate on how long the current period might last and what direction it might take. Unfortunately, these periods of racial progress come on the heels of national crises—wars—that destabilize the status quo and allow for the emergence of new ideas and leaders. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
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Jean, Leclair. Part VI Constitutional Theory, D The Role of Constitutional Principles in Canadian Constitutional Law, Ch.47 Constitutional Principles in the Secession Reference. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0047.
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In Reference Re Secession of Quebec, 1998, the Supreme Court of Canada concluded that the unwritten constitutional principles of federalism and democracy dictated that the clear repudiation of the existing constitutional order and the clear expression of the desire to pursue secession by the population of a province gave rise to a reciprocal obligation on all parties to the federation to negotiate constitutional changes to respond to that desire. To understand this astonishing decision, the author first examines how, over time, in Canada and Quebec, issues of identity(ies), constitutional law, and democracy came to be formulated in absolutist terms, making political compromises next to impossible. Only then does he analyse the Supreme Court’s decision and attempts to explain why the latter chose to decide as it did.
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Shaw, Philip, und Eszter Szekely. Insights from neuroanatomical imaging into ADHD throughout the lifespan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0008.
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The relatively recent advent of magnetic resonance imaging has given us an invaluable ‘window’ into the brain in ADHD. Here we review the literature on the structural neuroimaging of ADHD throughout the lifespan. Meta-analyses and large individual studies converge to find anomalies in the basal ganglia in ADHD; some appear developmentally stable, while others are progressive. Compromise of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum are also commonly reported, and developmental trajectories of these structures have been linked with the highly variable clinical course of the disorder. ADHD can be considered dimensionally, lying at the extreme end of a continuous distribution of symptoms and underlying cognitive processes. Some studies find such dimensionality is also present in ADHD-related neuroanatomical change. Pilot studies have examined how variation in some candidate genes is tied to neuroanatomy in the disorder. Studies at the level of the entire genome await much larger cohorts.
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Percy, Herma. Will Your Vote Count? Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216035893.
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Voters in a democratic society should have confidence in the electoral process. Yet, as Americans have witnessed in every election since 2000, voting-the basic act of citizenship–is under assault: technologically complex, subject to manipulation, and fiercely contested on many levels. Documenting the areas of collapse in the American electoral process, this book analyzes ongoing problems in the casting and counting of ballots, as well as new threats: future elections could be compromised by new voting machines that are unreliable, poorly programmed, and prone to tampering. At this critical moment for American democracy, the author issues a call for urgently needed reforms.
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Kiesecker, Joseph M., Kei Sochi, Jeff Evans, Michael Heiner, Christina M. Kennedy und James R. Oakleaf. Conservation in the real world. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0024.
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This chapter highlights the challenge of meeting conservation goals in the face of a rapidly expanding human population, and advocates for the conservation community to expand its focus from the siting of protected areas to also include spatial planning for how to achieve development objectives. A framework entitled, Development by Design, is introduced to proactively identify when development impacts are compatible with conservation goals and when they are not, and to invest as much analysis into anticipating where development is likely to occur as into biodiversity needs. This chapter examines two applications of this framework—oil and gas development in the western USA and mining in Mongolia, documenting how a mix of stakeholder engagement, strong science, and ultimately a willingness to compromise can not only produce significant conservation gains but also meet economic objectives.
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Katila, Pia, Carol J. Pierce Colfer, Wil de Jong, Glenn Galloway, Pablo Pacheco und Georg Winkel, Hrsg. Restoring Forests and Trees for Sustainable Development. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197683958.001.0001.
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Abstract This book takes a multidisciplinary perspective to analyze and discuss the various opportunities and challenges of restoring tree and forest cover to address regional and global environmental challenges that threaten human well-being and compromise sustainable development. It examines forest restoration commitments, policies and programs, and their planning and implementation at different scales and contexts, and how forest restoration helps to mitigate environmental, societal, and cultural challenges. The chapters explore the concept of forest restoration, how it can restitute forest ecosystem services, contribute to biodiversity conservation, and generate benefits and synergies, while recognizing the considerable costs, trade-offs, and variable feasibility of its implementation. The chapters review historic and contemporary forest restoration practice and governance, variations in approaches and implementation across the globe, and relevant technological advances. Using the insights from the ten topic-focused chapters, the book reflects on the possibility of sustainable and just approaches to meet the challenges that lie ahead to achieve ambitious international forest restoration targets and commitments.
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Mauro, Aaron. The Language of Cyber Attacks. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350354715.
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Many cyberattacks begin with a lure: a seemingly innocent message designed to establish trust with a target to obtain sensitive information or compromise a computer system. The perils of clicking an unknown link or divulging sensitive information via email are well-known, so why do we continue to fall prey to these malicious messages?This groundbreaking book examines the rhetoric of deception through the lure, asking where its all-too-human allure comes from and suggesting ways in which we can protect ourselves online. Examining practices and tools such as phishing, ransomware and clickbait, this book uses case studies of notorious cyberattacks by both cyber criminals and nation-states on organizations such Facebook, Google, and the US Department of Defence, and in-depth, computational analyses of the messages themselves to unpack the rhetoric of cyberattacks. In doing so, it helps us to understand the small but crucial moments of indecision that pervade one of the most common forms of written communication.
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PEREIRA DE AGUIAR, REINALDO, ANDERSON LUIS DA PAIXÃO CAFÉ, BRUNO BATISTA DOS ANJOS, ELINEUZA DOS SANTOS FERREIRA und ADELMÁRIA IONE DOS SANTOS. Múltiplos Olhares Sobre Questões Emergentes do Século XXI. Casa Publicadora, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53312/zaqwsx854.
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This work deals with the importance of decolonizing the curriculum in basic schools as an effective form of inclusion, both public and private and, by extension, in universities as determined by laws 10.639 / 03 and 11.645 / 08. The objective is to propose and analyze the construction of the curriculum in the Eurocentric mold. To carry out the research, a literature review was carried out, in which we spoke especially with Fausto Antonio (2015) and Nilma Gomes (2012). The results show that Eurocentrism and the concept of epistemicide aim at invisibilization and the inferiorization of another non-Western knowledge. Equally, Eurocentrism highlights its cultural values and, consequently, establishes a kind of model, that is, a pattern that makes other people’s knowledge production systems unfeasible and compromised.
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Schmidt, Robert Kyle. The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear. SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/9780768099430.
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The aircraft landing gear and its associated systems represent a compelling design challenge: simultaneously a system, a structure, and a machine, it supports the aircraft on the ground, absorbs landing and braking energy, permits maneuvering, and retracts to minimize aircraft drag. Yet, as it is not required during flight, it also represents dead weight and significant effort must be made to minimize its total mass. The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear, written by R. Kyle Schmidt, PE (B.A.Sc. - Mechanical Engineering, M.Sc. - Safety and Aircraft Accident Investigation, Chairman of the SAE A-5 Committee on Aircraft Landing Gear), is designed to guide the reader through the key principles of landing system design and to provide additional references when available. Many problems which must be confronted have already been addressed by others in the past, but the information is not known or shared, leading to the observation that there are few new problems, but many new people. The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear is intended to share much of the existing information and provide avenues for further exploration. The design of an aircraft and its associated systems, including the landing system, involves iterative loops as the impact of each modification to a system or component is evaluated against the whole. It is rare to find that the lightest possible landing gear represents the best solution for the aircraft: the lightest landing gear may require attachment structures which don't exist and which would require significant weight and compromise on the part of the airframe structure design. With those requirements and compromises in mind,The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear starts with the study of airfield compatibility, aircraft stability on the ground, the correct choice of tires, followed by discussion of brakes, wheels, and brake control systems. Various landing gear architectures are investigated together with the details of shock absorber designs. Retraction, kinematics, and mechanisms are studied as well as possible actuation approaches. Detailed information on the various hydraulic and electric services commonly found on aircraft, and system elements such as dressings, lighting, and steering are also reviewed. Detail design points, the process of analysis, and a review of the relevant requirements and regulations round out the book content. The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear is a landmark work in the industry, and a must-read for any engineer interested in updating specific skills and students preparing for an exciting career.
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Pivovarova, Ekaterina, und Philip J. Candilis. Safety Monitoring and Withdrawal of Psychiatric Research Participants. Herausgegeben von John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford und Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.14.
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This chapter examines how clinical investigators ensure the safety of psychiatric research participants while maintaining the integrity of research protocols. It discusses the ethical issues arising from data monitoring, disclosure of interim data, and termination of clinical trials. It outlines unique features of psychiatric research and related cultural issues that may warrant consideration before and during clinical trials. It focuses on the Data Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) overseeing clinical trials their development of detailed plans for monitoring safety and protocol adherence. It looks at the use of statistical programs by DSMBs to document the progression of research studies and make early termination decisions; whether DSMBs actually improve the safety of participants or the integrity of research; how independent DSMBs are; and the factors that DSMBs consider when terminating a trial. Cultural issues involved in clinical trials and challenges that may compromise the neutrality and function of DSMBs are analyzed.
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Teitt, Sarah. Asia Pacific and South Asia. Herausgegeben von Alex J. Bellamy und Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.20.
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There is a tendency to view R2P diffusion in the Asia Pacific region as a function of ‘norm containment’, which explains endorsement of R2P as a result of the weakening, deconstruction, or dilution of R2P to render it more compatible with the region’s state-centred security norms and practices. This chapter demonstrates, however, that R2P has diffused in the Asia Pacific region through a dynamic process of negotiation and compromise between international R2P norm advocates and Asia Pacific actors, which has witnessed concession and accommodation on both sides. Through case study analysis of how the governments of Japan and India have engaged with R2P, the chapter argues that the Asia Pacific’s socialization to R2P is most aptly characterized as a balance of R2P norm containment and localization, witnessed in Asia Pacific actors shaping the contours of the R2P norm and accommodating its prescriptions through gradual, incremental normative and institutional change.
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Lawson, Stephanie. 20. Global Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0021.
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This chapter provides an overview of the field of Global Political Economy (GPE), also known as International Political Economy (IPE). It begins with a discussion of how GPE/IPE has developed as a major focus of study within the broader field of global politics over the last four decades. It then considers the rise of mercantilism as a theory of GPE, along with its relationship to nationalism and colonialism. It also examines the emergence of liberal political economy, Marxism and critical IPE, and the international economic order after World War II. In particular, it looks at the Bretton Woods system, which emerged after the war as a compromise between liberalism and nationalism. The chapter concludes with an analysis of international political, economic, and social problems associated with the North–South gap, globalization and regionalization in the post-Cold War period, and financial crises that rocked the global economic system.
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Toole, Kellie. Prosecuting Crime in the Public Interest. Hart Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509973231.
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This book provides the first detailed analysis of the decision to prosecute made by the statutory Australian Offices of Director of Prosecutions. It examines the system of prosecution as part of the executive branch of government, and the role and challenges of the individual prosecutors who make decisions within the system. It explores the tension between prosecutorial independence and prosecutorial accountability, and the paradox that political involvement in prosecutions is necessary for accountability and to uphold the public interest, but can compromise independence. The book makes a unique contribution to both Australian criminal law scholarship and to the international literature on criminal prosecution, by drawing on the sub-disciplines of criminal law and administrative law. It includes case studies on prosecuting child sexual abuse, rape, and government espionage, and comparisons with common law and civil law countries including the USA, the UK, Italy and South Africa.
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Furusten, Staffan. Handling Opposing Market Logics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0015.
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The EU’s Public Procurement Act builds on the assumptions that the customer has no long-lasting relationship with sellers, that it has a clear idea of what it needs and prefers before the buying decision, and that it is easy to compare offers from various sellers. Such conditions apply to some markets but not to others. According to procurement theories, different types of markets require different procurement strategies. Based on a study of the procurement of management consulting and using procurement theories, we analyse how public procurement officials and their customers handle market situations that do not fit the laws for public procurement. Buyers and sellers of services avoid market rules in various ways: they are able to find compromises and decoupling strategies that lead to reasonably useful deals for both parties. On the other hand, the success of these strategies reduces the incentive to try to change the laws to fit this type of market.
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Moore, William F., und Jane Ann Moore. Holding Firmly to Their Promises, 1861. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038464.003.0009.
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This chapter examines Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy's unwavering commitment to the antislavery cause during Lincoln's first year in office amid the eruption of hostilities between northern and southern states that culminated in the Civil War. The discussion begins with an analysis of how the concepts of honor and dishonor escalated the tension between North and South over the issue of secession. The chapter then considers Congressman John Crittenden's proposed compromise whereby new states formed below a line extending from Missouri's southern border to the Pacific Ocean would be admitted as slave states, while all new states above that line would prohibit slavery. It also looks at Lincoln's inauguration and his initiatives as president to defend the Union against the Confederacy, as well as the special first session of the Thirty-Seventh Congress. Finally, it assesses Lovejoy's time in Missouri fighting as part of the Union forces under General John C. Frémont, his plan to quell the rebellion, his return to Congress, and his legislative proposals.
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Paul, Richard, Pavlos Myrianthefs, George Baltopoulos und Shaun McMaster. Blood gas analysis: acid–base, fluid, and electrolyte disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0018.
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Acid-base homeostasis is vital for the maintenance of normal tissue and organ function, as both acidosis and alkalosis can have harmful and potentially life-threatening effects. Arterial blood gas analysis, combined with routine clinical history and examination, can provide useful information for the management of the critically ill cardiac patient. Most acid-base derangements are reversed by treatment of the underlying disease process, rather than simple correction of the abnormal pH, and prognosis is determined by the nature of the underlying disease, rather than the extent of pH value deviation. Within this chapter, a six-step approach is presented for prompt and accurate acid-base interpretation. Water and electrolyte disorders are common in the intensive cardiac care unit, particularly in patients with cardiac failure. Prompt recognition and treatment is required to prevent cardiovascular and neurological compromise. Therapeutic strategies range from simple electrolyte substitution and fluid management to extracorporeal filtration of excess fluid and electrolytes. These are discussed within this chapter.
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Paul, Richard, und Paul Grant. Blood gas analysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0018_update_001.
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Acid-base homeostasis is vital for the maintenance of normal tissue and organ function, as both acidosis and alkalosis can have harmful and potentially life-threatening effects. Arterial blood gas analysis, combined with routine clinical history and examination, can provide useful information for the management of the critically ill cardiac patient. Most acid-base derangements are reversed by treatment of the underlying disease process, rather than simple correction of the abnormal pH, and prognosis is determined by the nature of the underlying disease, rather than the extent of pH value deviation. Within this chapter, a six-step approach is presented for prompt and accurate acid-base interpretation. Water and electrolyte disorders are common in the intensive cardiac care unit, particularly in patients with cardiac failure. Prompt recognition and treatment is required to prevent cardiovascular and neurological compromise. Therapeutic strategies range from simple electrolyte substitution and fluid management to extracorporeal filtration of excess fluid and electrolytes. These are discussed within this chapter.
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Dyson, Tim. Medieval to Mughal Times c.1000 to c.1707. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829058.003.0004.
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This chapter considers the period from the onset of major Muslim military advance to Aurangzeb’s death. In general, the population continued to grow slowly and fitfully. We can only speculate about variation in the rate of population growth. The fourteenth-century Black Death perhaps touched parts of the north-west. But there is no evidence of a major demographic collapse. The seventeenth century, the peak period of Mughal rule, was very challenging—for example, in terms of famines and plague. Nevertheless, the population seems to have grown. Analysts have used deficient data, for example on the cultivated land area, to try to estimate the size of India’s population c.1595. Considering previous work, a figure of 125 million seems a reasonable compromise. However, given the inadequate nature of the data, this number is very far from firm. Previous research appears to have overstated the size of Mughal cities and the accompanying level of urbanization.
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Karim, Mezran. Part 5 Emerging Constitutions in Islamic Countries, 5.2 Constitutionalism and Islam in Libya. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0028.
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This chapter explores the deep and slow currents that have permeated Libyan society as it has evolved in the last century. It starts with a brief discussion of the debate surrounding the constitution of the short-lived Tripoli Republic around 1918, and continues with an analysis of the eventful period that preceded independence from which emerged the constitutional monarchy that ruled Libya for the following eighteen years. It looks at the various currents that emerged in that period because it is the unresolved disputes, the bad compromises, and the frustrations of the nationalist movement that led to the enactment of a constitution that was too complex and muddled to begin with, and inadequate in reaching the main purpose of a constitution: limitation of power.
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Berka, Walter. CETA, TTIP, TiSA, and Data Protection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808893.003.0007.
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Trade agreements cannot avoid dealing with digital services and data sharing. In the cases of TTIP, CETA, and TiSA, different concepts of data protection collide and it is the fear of the European side that the EU’s acquis on data privacy could get compromised through the liberalization of data flows. This chapter analyses the possible impact of these agreements on data protection. It refers to the European Parliament’s call to include a horizontal self-standing clause in TTIP to exclude the current and future EU data protection legislation from being traded in TTIP, a claim which is based on Article XIV of the GATS. In dealing with these issues, it will be considered further that the EU and the US are discussing data transfers and data protection in other fora as well, namely on the tracks of the new Safe Harbor Agreement and the Data Protection Umbrella Agreement.
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Jackson, Vicki C., und Yasmin Dawood, Hrsg. Constitutionalism and a Right to Effective Government? Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009158541.
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Nations around the world are facing various crises of ineffective government. Basic governmental functions—protecting rights, preventing violence, and promoting material well-being—are compromised, leading to declines in general welfare, in the enjoyment of rights, and even in democracy itself. This innovative collection, featuring analyses by leaders in the fields of constitutional law and politics, highlights the essential role of effective government in sustaining democratic constitutionalism. The book explores “effective government” as a right, principle, duty, and interest, situating questions of governance in debates about negative and positive constitutionalism. In addition to providing new conceptual approaches to the connections between rights and governance, the volume also provides novel insights into government institutions, including courts, legislatures, executives, and administrative bodies, as well as the media and political parties. This is an essential volume for anyone interested in constitutionalism, comparative law, governance, democracy, the rule of law, and rights.
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Heal, Bridget. The Reformation Legacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737575.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 focuses on the first half of the sixteenth century. It analyzes Martin Luther’s teachings on images: the link he drew between iconoclasm and radicalism; his emphasis on Christian freedom; the relationship he described between inner (spiritual) and outer (physical) images; and his willingness to use the latter for instruction and commemoration. It then investigates images’ role in proclaiming the Gospel during this period, focusing on the illustrated Bibles and catechisms produced in Wittenberg and beyond. The Lutheran layperson’s encounter with the Word of God was, it shows, frequently mediated by images. The Reformation’s legacy compromised, therefore, not only a series of pastoral and doctrinal justifications for the use of images but also an experience of religious education and worship that was defined by the visual as well as the verbal.
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Palinkas, Lawrence A., und Brittany Rhoades Cooper. Mixed Methods Evaluation in Dissemination and Implementation Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0020.
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In reviewing the rapidly growing literature on the use of mixed methods to address important issues confronting the science of dissemination and implementation, the authors make two observations. The first observation is that mixed methods reflect an iterative process of data collection and analysis that involves both inductive and deductive approaches to understanding complex phenomena. Second, this chapter begins with the observation that using mixed methods is more than parallel play involving separate quantitative and qualitative studies. Both the iterative nature of dissemination and implementation science and the likely debate and compromises involved in selection and application of quantitative and qualitative methods in a mixed method design demand attention on the part of the investigators to document and detail the rationale for the selection of methods and the process and outcomes of their use.
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Specter, Matthew G. What’s “Left” in Schmitt? Herausgegeben von Jens Meierhenrich und Oliver Simons. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199916931.013.011.
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Since the mid-1980s, the Western Left has split on how to evaluate the political and constitutional theory of Carl Schmitt. The analysis traces and historicizes a movement from aversion to appropriation of Schmitt’s writings in contemporary political theory. In the first half of the chapter Habermas is presented as developing his own positions in part through deep engagements with Schmitt’s thought. In the second half of the chapter, three contemporary political philosophers who are grouped under the label “left-Schmittian” are profiled. Contemporary left-Schmittians try to circumvent the Schmitt compromised by the “Third Reich,” but sometimes by diluting him beyond recognition. Close readings of Gopal Balakrishnan, Andreas Kalyvas, and Chantal Mouffe support the argument that contemporary left-Schmittians create a theory of domestic and international politics that are either normatively or institutionally deficient.
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Smith, Caleb. Who Wouldn’t Want to Be a Person? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0003.
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In an influential 2005 article, Julie Stone Peters analyzed the state of law and literature scholarship and offered her prognosis for the future of an “interdisciplinary illusion.” This chapter reviews trends in law and literature scholarship of the decade that followed. It observes the prominence of historical approaches that treat law and literature not as universals but as contingent fields and institutions whose relations change over time. It goes on to show how historicism has re-evaluated the key concept of personhood, seeking forms of agency and belonging that do not conform to liberal ideals of individual autonomy or contractual consent. A “postcritical” turn in interpretive scholarship and a rising interest in mixed, compromised forms of selfhood are considered in relation to the precarious conditions of legal and literary studies within the contemporary university.
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Franzen, Trisha. Creating Her Vision. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038150.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the middle years of Anna Howard Shaw's presidency—from planning for the 1909 the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Convention in Seattle through the 1912 convention in Philadelphia. While analyses critical of Shaw's presidency have most frequently used the upheavals of these years as the basis for judging Shaw as a failure as an administrator, the gains of these years as well as the full context and origins of these organizational conflicts have received scant in-depth attention. Class and race issues are especially significant for analyzing both Shaw's legacy as a leader and the positions of the suffrage movement as a whole. Money tensions had always haunted the NAWSA, but the fact that Shaw drew a salary for her presidency and had access to monies beyond the control of the NAWSA treasurer raised suspicions among the privileged leaders who linked financial need with corruption. That Shaw was also the strongest and most consistent supporter of universal suffrage brought additional resistance from those who were opposed to or willing to compromise on the extension of the franchise to African American and immigrant women.
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Parr, Adrian. Capital, Environmental Degradation, and Economic Externalization. Herausgegeben von Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer und David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.6.
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Neo-liberal principles of individualism, privatization, consumption, and unconstrained choice underpinning advanced capitalism are rapidly becoming the predominant strategy used in response to widespread environmental degradation and climate change. This essay describes and analyzes capital’s production of negative environmental externalities. Despite a slew of environmental legislation passed by governments the world over—a response to the demands of the environmental movements of the 1960s and 1970s, environmental degradation persists. Indeed, as the continual rise in greenhouse gas emissions exemplifies, environmental degradation has worsened. How has this happened? On the one hand, the rise of neo-liberal governance and the forces of patrimonial capitalism have compromised the action of the state; on the other, capital has corrupted the autonomy, discourse, and activist charge of the mainstream of the environmental movement, turning it into an ally of private wealth.
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Walsh, David A. Cervical and lumbar spine. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0157.
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Cervical and lumbar spine pain are major causes of disability and distress. Careful assessment is needed of the nature and extent of the problem, for diagnosis and exclusion of important (treatable) differential diagnoses, and for the formulation and engagement of the patient in an appropriate treatment plan. Acute spinal pain frequently does not indicate underlying joint pathology. Chronic spinal pain is often associated with intervertebral disc disease or which is often classified together with facet joint osteoarthritis as spondylosis. Sciatica, brachalgia, or spinal claudication may each be a consequence of either spondylosis or intervertebral disc prolapse. Simple mechanical low back and neck pain may respond well to conservative management with analgesics and physiotherapy. Specific spinal problems, such as neuronal compromise, may require additional treatments. The roles of injections and surgery in the management of spinal pain continue to evolve. Although ongoing management is largely determined by the individual's clinical response, comprehensive health economic analyses inform healthcare policies which may limit treatment availability. Many people with spinal problems suffer long-term or recurrent pain and disability, with significant psychological and social impact. Multidisciplinary approaches are needed to facilitate pain management and enable people with spinal pain to lead fulfilling lives when the underlying condition cannot be cured.
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Bernstein, Elliot R., Hrsg. Chemical Reactions in Clusters. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090048.001.0001.
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This book covers important new developments of the last five years in the area of cluster chemistry, presenting an excellent view of the successes and shortcomings of both current state-of-the-art theory and experiment. Each chapter, contributed by a leading expert, places heavy emphasis on theory without which the detailed analysis of the spectroscopic and kinetic results would be compromised. The cluster reactions reviewed in this work include electron and proton transfer reactions, hot atom reactions, vibrational predissociation, radical reactions, and ionic reactions. Some of the theories applied throughout the text are product state distribution determinations, state-to-state dynamical information, and access to the transition stage of the reaction. The discussions serve as a benchmark of how far the field has come since the mid 1980's and will be a good update for students and researchers interested in this area of physical chemistry.
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Vile, John R., Hrsg. The Constitutional Convention of 1787. ABC-CLIO, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400630927.
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The first encyclopedic treatment of the personalities, politics, and events involved in drafting the U.S. Constitution. This comprehensive treatment of all the personalities, philosophies, debates, and compromises involved in drafting the U.S. Constitution is the first encyclopedic work on the subject, compiling information into an easily accessible A–Z format. Biographies of all 55 delegates, analysis of the competing political viewpoints, procedural and substantive disputes, along with a host of other details are all presented here. Both the detail and the scholarship in this book are unmatched in any other work; the encyclopedic presentation simply does not exist elsewhere. Civil liberties, the scope of authority of the three branches of government, and other constitutional matters are increasingly at the forefront of public discussion. Scholars, citizens interested in self-education, and reference librarians faced with questions about the Constitution will find in this book all they require to answer their needs.