Dissertationen zum Thema „Analyse de préférence“
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Billot, Antoine. „Préférence imprécise et équilibres économiques : une analyse axiomatique“. Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOE005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoën, Alain René. „Analyse du phénomène de préférence pour les titres nationaux et implications en gestion de portefeuille international“. Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoën, Alain René. „Trois essais en macroéconomie internationale : le phénomène de préférence pour les titres nationaux et l'énigme de la quantité revisités“. Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLitvine, Dorian. „Révélation des préférences individuelles et incitation au choix de l'électricité verte : une analyse de la décision du consommateur“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383730.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouguerra, Afifa. „Étude de l'importance de la marque et de ses modalités dans la détermination de la structure de préférence du consommateur : application au marché des produits de grande consommation“. Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring these past two decades, distributor brands and generics have developed at the expense of producer brands. At the same time an anarchic promotional system has taken place in order to minimize price differences between the different types of brands in the ultimate objective of seducing the consumer. Sensitivity to economic criteria alone such as price or promotion appears as the unique consumer choice criteria. Hence the question about the specific role of the brand (name) in determining the consumer preference structure and choice. This research analyzes the importance of the brand (name) compared to other product characteristics in the preference structure of the consumer for frequently purchased products and analyzes the relative importances of producer brands versus distributor brands and genencs in determining the consumer preference structure. The experience was conducted on 12 current good products belonging to the following 3 categories: house-cleaning products, hygienic/ beauty products and food products. The methodology utilized is conjoint analysis
Tandina, Fatalmoudou. „Mise au point et application de technologies innovantes pour l'étude des moustiques, de leur préférence trophique et de leur microbiote“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0277/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMosquitoes are the main vectors involved in the transmission of pathogens to humans. Accurate identification of mosquito species is crucial to distinguish between vector and non-vector species. The mosquito blood meal determination is fundamental in understanding the behavior of vector species. Thus, we have listed 106 mosquito species currently recorded in Mali, including 28 Anophelinae and 78 Culicinae. Then, we evaluated the effectiveness of MALDI-TOF MS for identified mosquitoes collected in Mali and to determine their blood meal source. The results obtained show the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to identify mosquitoes collected in Mali and their source of blood meal. Subsequently, we were able to confirm the robustness of MALDI-TOF MS to identify other animal blood samples. We artificially engorged Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii on eight animal bloods samples. We obtained 100% correct identification of the blood source for samples taken 1 to 24 hours after feeding. Then, we experimentally engorged An. gambiae, An. coluzzii and Ae. albopictus on successive and mixed blood meals using MALDI-TOF MS. The results revealed that MALDI-TOF MS is able to identify mixed blood meals. In addition we used MALDI-TOF and culturomics for the microbiota study of the mosquito collected in the field, notably in Marseille and Mali. The culturomics approach revealed a great diversity of the digestive microbiota of the An. gambiae, Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes
Jolivet, Laurence. „Modélisation des déplacements d'animaux dans un espace géographique : analyse et simulation“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010524/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFinding compromises between human development and wildlife protection is one concern of society.Taking into account animal movements in planning projects requires some knowledge on species behaviours and on what determines their localizations and their habitat places. Our goal is to be able to represent animal movements on an accurate geographical space in order to simulate and to evaluate the consequences of planning decisions. We first analysed how the features of the landscape influence movements from collected localizations on animals, for example GPS tracks (studies of ELIZ, ANSES, ONCFS, INRA) and from data describing spacesuch as BD TOPO®. The studied cases are about several types of environment and three species: red fox,roe deer and red deer. We found some results that confirm the role played by the spatial features,depending on the studied cases. For instance in a periurban environment, foxes seem to be more inwooded patches and in places with few human activities during some parts of the day (squares, areas with industrial or commercial activities, sides of railways). In a forested environment, deers are more likely to be influenced by slope and forest stands. Thanks to knowledge from data analyses and to literature, we defined a simulation model for animalmovements. We implemented it in the GeOxygene platform. The trajectories are built with an agent approach by taking into account the spatial behaviour of the species and the influence of elements that favour or hinder movements. We proposed a critical view of the modelling choices and some improvements from the comparison with observations and experts advices. Then, scenarios within frastructures are defined so that to identify their impact and their efficiency
Jerbi, Houssem. „Personnalisation d'analyses décisionnelles sur des données multidimensionnelles“. Phd thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695371.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXun, Zhou. „Econometric analysis of subjective well-being, preference, perception and dynamics“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation studies option variables. These opinions cover specially economic questions such as the level of wellbeing, financial situations, the minimum income question and the preference for redistribution. The treatment of these opinion variables and their relation to conventional economic questions such as income level or dynamics requires the use of special micro-econometric models. In this dissertation, the dynamics panel models are used to study the job status and income mobility. In the 6 chapter, we discuss the dynamic Tobit model with an emphasis on initial conditions. The choice between fixed or random effect is another question. Because subjective variables are ordinal and discrete, the identification of fixed effects is problematic. Random effects are better identified while the estimation difficulty increases with the integration dimension. To solve that, I use intensively simulation method in the study of dynamic multinomial logit model or dynamic tobit model. It is also been applied in the trivariate probit model to measure the conditional correlations among more than 2 ordinal variables
Louchez, Aniss. „Analyse économique du rôle des pharmaciens et des pharmacies de ville : entre contraction de l'offre de soins et diversification de l'activité“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILA017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis examines community pharmacies in France, which are experiencing a decrease in their numbers while diversifying their activities to address the challenges of aging and prevention.Chapter 1 studies the long-term consequences of pharmacy closures on spatial accessibility. The results show that by 2050, the average distance to access a pharmacy is expected to increase moderately. However, the proportion of the population without a pharmacy in their municipality could double, from one-sixth to one-third, thereby increasing dependence on motorized transport, a significant obstacle for elderly people with reduced mobility. The chapter also highlights that the workload of pharmacies could grow by more than 40 %, which, according to the literature, could degrade the quality of medication dispensing and slow down the diversification of pharmacy services, such as vaccination.Chapter 2 analyzes the impact of pharmacy involvement in COVID-19 vaccination. France was the first country to authorize this, but the intervention was compared with other European countries, particularly Italy, where vaccine supply constraints sometimes hindered the coverage of the second dose despite improvements in the first dose.Chapter 3 focuses on the choices of licensed pharmacists regarding the expansion of the list of vaccines administered in pharmacies. A discrete choice experiment shows that they are in favor of this expansion and the involvement of pharmacy technicians in flu vaccination but are hesitant to include them for new vaccines or to rely on a prior medical prescription. Regarding remuneration, the current amount of 9.60 euros per injection is deemed insufficient, with pharmacists valuing this service at 16 euros
Javaheri, Mahsa. „Analyse expérimentale de la consommation de fruits et légumes“. Angers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ANGE0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies consumer' behavior in the case of quality differentiated products. Our results are based on the experimental preference eliciting methods. Two choice paradoxes are studied in the case of food products : divergence between willingness to accept and willingness to pay and the preference reversals phenomenon. This phenomenon occurs when the valuation of two options do no present the same order of preference as a strict choice between them. Moreover, the effects of new information on consumer's choices are studied and also the link between hedonic scores and monetary valuations are considered. Our results show a more important gap between willingness to accept and willingness to pay in the case of less familiar products. The overall rate of preference reversals is 25% which is lower than the rate found in the classical studies of the phenomenon. These resultants are then studied in the light of four theories of choice : expected utility theory, prospect theory, regret theory and cognitive consistency theory
Debord, Bernard. „Axiomatisation de procédures d'agrégation de préférences“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010237.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmmi, Mehdi. „Analyse économique de la prévention. Offre de prévention, incitations et préférences en médecine libérale“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859358.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTu, Viêt Phu. „"Pour moi, le goût du soja n'est pas une barrière à la consommation. Et pour vous ?" : Effet de la culture sur les croyances, attitudes et préférence vis-à-vis des produits à base de soja“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750851.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSicsic, Jonathan. „Impacts des incitatifs économiques en médecine générale : Analyse des préférences et des motivations des médecins“. Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090044/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis addresses several issues raised by the introduction in France of economic incentives such as pay-For-Performance applied to general practice. These incentive schemes are designed to improve the quality of care, but they are discussed both in terms of effectiveness and potential side effects. Initially, we assess the impact of the CAPI scheme on various indicators of quality of care: the consultation length and cancers screening. Then, using the discrete choice experiment methodology, we reveal general practitioners (GPs) preferences for devices aimed at improving the early detection of cancers. Finally, we analyse empirically the relationship between French GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. We show that the CAPI has not had a significant impact on the selected quality indicators. In addition, GPs would be sensitive to potentially less costly nonmonetary devices. Eventually, we highlight a negative relationship between GPs' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Our results call for greater caution in the definition of economic incentives in general practice
Sibony, Eric. „Analyse mustirésolution de données de classements“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis introduces a multiresolution analysis framework for ranking data. Initiated in the 18th century in the context of elections, the analysis of ranking data has attracted a major interest in many fields of the scientific literature : psychometry, statistics, economics, operations research, machine learning or computational social choice among others. It has been even more revitalized by modern applications such as recommender systems, where the goal is to infer users preferences in order to make them the best personalized suggestions. In these settings, users express their preferences only on small and varying subsets of a large catalog of items. The analysis of such incomplete rankings poses however both a great statistical and computational challenge, leading industrial actors to use methods that only exploit a fraction of available information. This thesis introduces a new representation for the data, which by construction overcomes the two aforementioned challenges. Though it relies on results from combinatorics and algebraic topology, it shares several analogies with multiresolution analysis, offering a natural and efficient framework for the analysis of incomplete rankings. As it does not involve any assumption on the data, it already leads to overperforming estimators in small-scale settings and can be combined with many regularization procedures for large-scale settings. For all those reasons, we believe that this multiresolution representation paves the way for a wide range of future developments and applications
Sadoun, Isma. „Raffinement progressif et personnalisé des requêtes de préférences dans un espace hautement dimensionnel“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of preferences provides personalized the multi-criteria search and enhances the relevance of the result. The most prominent technique is the skyline queries, based on the concept of Pareto dominance defined. These queries can eliminate tuples dominated by other tuples. The user can then choose from the tuples that are not dominated , which can be considered as the best choice. However, one of the main limitations of skyline queries is when the number of dimensions increases, the result size becomes too large to offer any interesting insights. This thesis provides different solutions to this problem. The general idea is to extend the dominance relationships by introducing more flexible and individualized criteria for comparing tuples, then combine them gradually to best meet the needs of the user. Extensions were made to the skyline operator to offer the user the ability to classify tuples to choose the best or select k best solutions. The user can successively use several preference relations by ordering them to take into account the priorities and level of reliability he attributes to each. This thesis also describes the proposed algorithms, along with the to validate our approaches
Kada, Faycel. „L' analyse des préférences des téléspectateurs extraterritoriaux dans le football : application au public de deux régions marocaines“. Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL033/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe globalization of football as entertainment and the changes in media have generated the development of a new category of public: international viewers. Understanding their behavior proves to be an important research topic for the marketing of federations, leagues and professional clubs. The research is focused on understanding the preferences of international viewers who follow football games in the media. From a theoretical point of view, the conceptual model and the hypotheses have been constructed based on an experimental approach to marketing and the identification process of social psychology. The research model focuses on Moroccan viewers watching two Spanish teams Real Madrid and FC Barcelona on television. It has been tested qualitatively (20 subjects) and quantitatively (903 subjects). Moreover, the influence of other cultural variables has been incorporated. These are the historical connection and geographical proximity to the supported team, and sporting variables: based on playing style, best player and wins to explain the preference for one of the two teams. The results have shown that the preference of Moroccan viewers is above all linked to: [1] the process of identification, [2] the historical connection and geographical proximity to the team, as well as [3] the sporting variables: playing style and wins. These results are important to the development of professional clubs. The sponsors’ understanding of the expectations of the foreign consumer segment enables managers and professional clubs to seek appropriate strategies and solutions to satisfy: the spectators, both ex-patriot and international
Biguzzi, Coralie. „L'amélioration de la qualité nutritionnelle est-elle compatible avec le maintien de la qualité sensorielle ? : L'exemple des biscuits“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909653.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLitvine, Dorian Aymara André. „Révélation des préférences individuelles et incitation au choix de l'électricité verte : une analyse de la décision du consommateur“. Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBriand, Karine. „Les repas populaires ou l'authenticité d'une culture alimentaire : analyse sociologique des pratiques alimentaires en milieux populaires“. Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe working class food, as a cultural item, is double faced. Its clearest aspect connected to biology dimension, expressing the necessity to feed the tired body used by labour, characterizes the ordinary meals, that is to say the routine meals. Its latent side, whose objective is to feed the identity of a group, stressing the ties, is expressed during extraordinary meals, say meals of parties. The latent side of food is divided into two subsets, letting appear heterogeneity between the different kinds of extraordinary meals. Thus, the meals of the small parties such as those of Sunday are distinguished from the great meals width, such as those of the marriage. More the event is important to the eyes of the group, more the latent side of food is stressed. This double face illustrates the values of the working class food culture, which autonomy was questioned in certain sociological researches. However, the description of working class food traditions and its modes of transmissions through the successive generations, illustrates the operation of autonomy, even relative, of this working class food culture. This micro sociological research is based on an investigation on several families belonging to the working class
Sibony, Eric. „Analyse mustirésolution de données de classements“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis introduces a multiresolution analysis framework for ranking data. Initiated in the 18th century in the context of elections, the analysis of ranking data has attracted a major interest in many fields of the scientific literature : psychometry, statistics, economics, operations research, machine learning or computational social choice among others. It has been even more revitalized by modern applications such as recommender systems, where the goal is to infer users preferences in order to make them the best personalized suggestions. In these settings, users express their preferences only on small and varying subsets of a large catalog of items. The analysis of such incomplete rankings poses however both a great statistical and computational challenge, leading industrial actors to use methods that only exploit a fraction of available information. This thesis introduces a new representation for the data, which by construction overcomes the two aforementioned challenges. Though it relies on results from combinatorics and algebraic topology, it shares several analogies with multiresolution analysis, offering a natural and efficient framework for the analysis of incomplete rankings. As it does not involve any assumption on the data, it already leads to overperforming estimators in small-scale settings and can be combined with many regularization procedures for large-scale settings. For all those reasons, we believe that this multiresolution representation paves the way for a wide range of future developments and applications
Kergoat, Marine. „Approche psychosociale et différentielle des évaluations sensorielles : intensité affective et préférences tactiles“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100200/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe blind sensory evaluation of consumer products often yields to heterogeneous clusters of preference. For instance, some participants have a preference for soft textiles whereas others do not have such a preference. To understand these preferences, 9 studies were conducted (N = 1128) according to a double approach: differential and functional. A differential approach systematically explored the cognitive, affective and social determinants of sensory preferences. The visual-tactile evaluation of fabrics (car seat fabrics and fabrics mainly treated with softener agents) coupled to dispositional measures highlighted the predictive value of the Affect Intensity construct (Larsen, 1984). Within a functional approach (i.e. function of attitudes; Katz, 1960; Smith, Bruner, & White, 1956) we tested the hypothesis that function of arousal regulation (Larsen, 2009) was the motivational mechanism underlying these preferences. Consumers liking soft textiles live more intensely their positive emotions and react more intensely to stimuli inducing negative emotions. On the basis of a multidimensional approach of the Affect Intensity construct (Bryant, Yarnold, & Grimm, 1996), we discussed the motivational determinants likely to be involved in consumer preference for soft textiles
Allais, Olivier. „Non séparabilité des préférences et hétérogénéité des agents : deux tentatives de résolution des paradoxes de la consommation“. Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHebert, Pierre-Alexandre. „Analyse de données sensorielles : une approche ordinale floue“. Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1542.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSensory profile data aims at describing the sensory perceptions of human subjects. Such a data is composed of scores attributed by human sensory experts (or judges) in order to describe a set of products according to sensory descriptors. AlI assessments are repeated, usually three times. The thesis describes a new analysis method based on a fuzzy modelling of the scores. The first step of the method consists in extracting and encoding the relevant information of each replicate into a fuzzy weak dominance relation. Then an aggregation procedure over the replicates allows to synthesize the perception of each judge into a new fuzzy relation. Ln a similar way, a consensual relation is finally obtained for each descriptor by fusing the relations of the judges. So as to ensure the interpretation of fused relations, fuzzy preference theory is used. A set of graphical tools is then proposed for the mono and multidimensional analysis of the obtained relations
Masson, Marine. „Contribution à la modélisation des préférences des consommateurs en fonction de dimensions sensorielles et subjectives par les modèles d'équations structurelles.Application aux préférences des sièges conducteurs de véhicules“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Sensory Science, preference mapping is used to explain consumers' preferences with sensory data. This PhD aims to integrate not only sensory data but also new variables that are related to consumers' perception of the product in the modelling of consumers' preferences. These variables are labelled as subjective dimensions. They address the pragmatic dimensions that cover the context of use of the products and more symbolic dimensions, such as aesthetics, modernity, originality…An exploratory study based on coffee cups was a first mean to approach the issues related to subjective dimensions. Then, all the work was done on a study of 11 car seats. The first step consisted in qualitative interviews of 16 consumers and of 2 designers. These interviews allowed identifying the subjective dimensions that characterize car seats. 110 consumers then performed a quantitative evaluation of their preferences and subjective dimensions. Finally, the seats were characterized by experts with sensory descriptors. The consumers' preferences were modelled according to both sensory data and subjective dimensions, using structural equations: the Partial Least Square Path Modeling. Four models based on preferences clustering were established. The contribution of two kinds of data differed according to the considered cluster, which led to the identification of four customer profiles. From a methodological point of view, this work provides first elements about the benefit of subjective dimensions in preference modelling. The methodology is being implemented on a food product: chocolate
Toumi, Abir. „Préférences de localisation des points de vente et stratégie marketing des enseignes : cas des commerces d'équipement de la personne“. Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research overpasses the usual framework of attraction models and location methods in order to study the impact of brand network marketing strategy on store location preferences. Hence, exploratory interviews with managers of clothing companies were conducted. Then, quantitative approach using ACA method and PLS regression has allowed us to answer the main questions of this research. The results show the explanatory influence of assortment quality, price and promotional intensity and frequency of brand network on nine location attributes: market area size, average income level, type of location, pedestrian traffic composition, volume of vehicular traffic, parking size, surface of the future local and window display size
Razafimandimby, Haja. „Changements organisationnels et analyse des préférences du consommateur des produits frais de la pêche par la méthode des choix multi-attributs“. Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0077/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe central purpose of this thesis is the development of fresh fishery products with on one hand the issue of organizational methods adopted by stakeholders in the fisheries sector in France and on the other hand the question of explanatory factors in consumer preferences for these products. The neo-institutional theory of governance structures is used to analyze different organizational methods adopted in the industry. The theory of innovation is mobilized to study the contribution of organizational innovations in the development of fresh products. The results of the study of governance structures reveal the complementarity between the market and hybrid forms concerning the supply of supermarkets and hypermarkets in France. Mainly observed Hybrid forms are subcontracting and partnership. The results on organizational innovations highlight in particular various forms of responses from stakeholders on quality, freshness, traceability and product availability. Finally, this thesis has implemented the method of multi-attribute choice to analyze consumer preferences for two products, fresh fish fillet and fresh lobster. Through various logistic models, the results highlighted the existence of three categories of consumers. They also confirmed a willingness to pay for attributes of freshness, quality and certain environment related attributes. The originality of the thesis is to have included among product’s characteristics include the carbon footprint attribute. It thus helps to clarify the debate on relevant sustainability criteria to include in the common reference for labeling of sea fishing products in France
Bord, Cécile. „Impact du traitement thermique sur les perceptions sensorielles et les préférences des consommateurs pour les fromages à pâte persillée : cas de la fourme d'Ambert“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22567/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePDO cheeses through their specifications are recognized for a quality in relation to a geographical origin, technical know-how, and a typical gustative quality. Despite a good consumption of PDO cheeses, the marketed volumes decreased for most of them. In order to make them more attractive, some cheeses as Blue cheeses could be used as “cheeses ingredient”. Cheeses are usually consumed at the end of a meal but a new trend is emerging: cheeses are more and more used in culinary preparations, both hot (pizza, gratin, sauce) and cold (sandwiches, salads). The main objective of this study was to firstly highlight the impact of heating on sensory properties of French PDO Blue cheeses and more particularly Fourme d’Ambert. The water-soluble fraction which plays an important role in the favour of cheeses was secondly studied in order to evaluate the impact of heating on this extract. The last objective consisted in measuring the consumers liking towards cold and heated cheeses. Therefore, sensory and biochemical methods were performed to describe crude cheeses and liking. The first study highlighted the impact of heating on both textural properties and flavour of four PDO blue-type cheeses. The main results showed that PDO cheeses present different culinary properties and thus are compatible with a use into hot preparations. The first step allowed to select a model cheese: Fourme d’Ambert. The second step consisted in studying the impact of heating on the crude cheeses and on the water-soluble fraction. In parallel, the gross composition was performed on soluble fractions and cheeses according to heating treatment. Although no treatment difference was observed on the water-soluble fraction gustatory profile, a slight difference was showed on certain chemical constituents between the water-soluble extracts. The last step was focused on the consumers liking towards cold and heated cheeses. The results showed that cheeses were much appreciated whatever heating treatments highlighting a slightly preference towards heated cheeses. Moreover, 3 groups of consumers were formed based on different preferences. One group preferred heated cheeses while two others groups preferred cold cheeses. Consumers’ group preferences were explained by means of sensory profiles and open-ended questions responses.Finally, this study shows the opportunities of new culinary uses for Blue cheeses. Sensory methods application had allowed to provide detailed information on heating properties of blue cheeses. In addition, consumers’ acceptance reinforce that PDO cheeses can be used in cold or heated preparations
Elmi, Saïda. „An Advanced Skyline Approach for Imperfect Data Exploitation and Analysis“. Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main purpose of this thesis is to study an advanced database tool named the skyline operator in the context of imperfect data modeled by the evidence theory. In this thesis, we first address, on the one hand, the fundamental question of how to extend the dominance relationship to evidential data, and on the other hand, it provides some optimization techniques for improving the efficiency of the evidential skyline. We then introduce efficient approach for querying and processing the evidential skyline over multiple and distributed servers. ln addition, we propose efficient methods to maintain the skyline results in the evidential database context wben a set of objects is inserted or deleted. The idea is to incrementally compute the new skyline, without reconducting an initial operation from the scratch. In the second step, we introduce the top-k skyline query over imperfect data and we develop efficient algorithms its computation. Further more, since the evidential skyline size is often too large to be analyzed, we define the set SKY² to refine the evidential skyline and retrieve the best evidential skyline objects (or the stars). In addition, we develop suitable algorithms based on scalable techniques to efficiently compute the evidential SKY². Extensive experiments were conducted to show the efficiency and the effectiveness of our approaches
Lapierre, Nathanaël. „Analyses des choix de mode de transport des déplacements de la communauté de l'Université Laval par la méthode des préférences déclarées“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28811/28811.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKamdem, Simo Freddy. „Model-based federation of systems of modelling“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2374.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe engineering of complex systems and systems of systems often leads to complex modelling activities (MA). Some challenges exhibited by MA are: understanding the context where they are carried out and their impacts on the lifecycles of models they produce, and ultimately providing a support for mastering them. How to address these challenges with a formal approach is the central challenge of this thesis. In this thesis, after discussing the related works from systems engineering in general and the co-engineering of the system to be made (product) and the system for make (project) systems specifically, we position and develop a methodology named MODEF, that aims to master the operation of MA. MODEF consists in: (1) characterizing MA as a system (and more globally as a federation of systems) in its own right; (2) iteratively architecting this system through: the modelling of the conceptual content of the models produced by MA and their life cycles, the tasks carried out within MA and their effects on these life cycles; (3) specifying the expectations over these life cycles and; (4) analysing models (of MA) against expectations (and possibly tasks constraints) - to check how far expectations are achievable - via the synthesis of the acceptable behaviours. On a practical perspective, the exploitation of the results of the analysis allows figuring out what could happen with the modelling tasks and their impacts on the whole state of models they handle. We show on two case studies (the operation of a supermarket and the modelling of the functional coverage of a system) how this exploitation provides insightful data on how the system is end-to-end operated and how it can behave. Based on this information, it is possible to take some preventive or corrective actions on how the MA are carried out. On the foundational perspective, the formal semantics of three kinds of involved models and the expectations formalism are first discussed. Then the analysis and exploitation algorithms are presented. Finally this approach is roughly compared with model checking and systems synthesis approaches. Last but not least, two enablers whose first objectives are to ease the implementation of MODEF are presented. The first one is a modular implementation of MODEF's buildings blocks. The second one is a federated architecture (FA) of models which aims to ease working with formal models in practice. Despite the fact that FA is formalised within the abstract framework of category theory, an attempt to bridge the gap between abstraction and implementation is sketched via some basic data structures and base algorithms. Several perspectives related to the different components of MODEF conclude this work
Stolyarova, Elena. „Rénovation énergétique de l'habitat en France : analyse microéconométrique du choix des ménages“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLittle research has been done to date on French households’ preferences for energy retrofits in the dwelling. However, the economic role of these choices is crucial for implementing an effective and realistic energy policy in the residential sector, both in terms of proposed aid and targets. Are households interested in retrofits with high energy-savings potential? How much are they willing to pay and is it sufficient to cover the up-front costs? How many households have no choice of heating system, and what is their profile?This work sets out to answer these questions empirically using discrete choice models. It starts by analyzing the technical, socio-demographic and spatial constraints that face households and create barriers to domestic energy choices. A method to detect household constraint is devised and applied to the choice of space heating system in 2006 and 2013. The second stage analyzes household preferences for heating equipment and retrofits. This second part is based on a discrete choice experiment specially carried out for this research among 2,000 households. This work sheds light on households’ preferences and heterogeneity, as well as their willingness to pay, the implicit discount rate and other economic impacts
Kermisch, Céline. „Risques et perceptions des risques: analyse historique et critique“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210568.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHistorical study of the emergence conditions of risk perception as a research field; critical analysis of the psychometric paradigm and cultural theory, as well as of the underlying risk conceptions.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Le, Mounier Audrey. „Méta-optimisation pour la calibration automatique de modèles énergétiques bâtiment pour le pilotage anticipatif“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to tackle the actual climate issues, the building field is encouraged to reduce his energetic consumption without changing the occupant’s comfort. In this context, the aim of the ANR PRECCISION project is to develop tools and methods for energetic management of the buildings which needs the use of dynamical thermal models. The PHD works, realise between the G2Elab and the G-SCOP, was focused on models parametric estimation issues. Indeed, uncertainties due to unknown phenomena and the nature of models lead to difficulties for the calibration of the models. Nowadays, this complex procedure is still not automatable: auto-regressive models have a low capacity to extrapolate because of their inadequate structure, whereas the physical models are non-linear regarding many parameters: estimations lead towards local optimums which highly depend on the initial point. In order to eliminate these constraints, several approaches have been explored with physical models adapted for which identifiability studies have been reached on an experimental platform: PREDIS MHI. Different optimisation strategies will be proposed in order to determine the parameters which can be estimated. The first approach uses an analyse a priori of the parametric dispersion, the second one use a meta optimisation which dynamicaly determined as the optimisation sequence, the parameters which can be readjusted. The results are analysed and compared to several approaches (universal models, “simple” identification of all the parameters of a physical model, genetic algorithm …) in different application cases
Rason, Jonathan. „Diversité organoleptique des produits fermiers : relation entre savoir-faire des producteurs, caractéristiques sensorielles des produits et préférences des consommateurs“. Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683634/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaître, Isabelle. „Perceptions sensorielles et préférences alimentaires des seniors : Contribution au maintien du statut nutritionnel et à l’appréciation des produits“. Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding which factors are linked to nutritional status of the elderly is a major challenge for our aging societies. A first multidisciplinary survey was performed with 559 elderly people, varying on their culinary dependency level, from free living people without help to people living in nursing home. Even if an age and dependency effect on sensory performances was shown, 42% of the sample had still good olfactory and gustatory capacities, compared to the young. Three measurement tools to evaluate food likes and dislikes have been developed: the selectivityevaluation, the eater style questionnaire and the menu choice. They will help to take account of the elderly’s expectations, when becoming culinary dependent. Associated factors to malnutrition risk were mainly poor oral health and depression. Having still eating pleasure and interest for food were on the contrary positive factors for a good nutritional status. Sensory strategy aiming at improving products, starting from the elderly expectations, is more efficient than reinforcing products in taste or flavor, trying to compensate sensory deficiencies. The 166 elderly who evaluated the different products, have liked the improved variant of the most complex product – and that, whatever their gustatory and olfactory abilities. Even if ageing comes with sensory perceptions loss, it is worth taking account the elderly’s expectations and improving products. This is a relevant way to improve the elderly’s nutritional status, while maintaining a gold satisfaction level
Pujari, Manisha. „Prévision de liens dans des grands graphes de terrain (application aux réseaux bibliographiques)“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we are interested to tackle the problem of link prediction in complex networks. In particular, we explore topological dyadic approaches for link prediction. Different topological proximity measures have been studied in the scientific literature for finding the probability of appearance of new links in a complex network. Supervided learning methods have also been used to combine the predictions made or information provided by different topological measures. The create predictive models using various topological measures. The problem of supervised learning for link prediction is a difficult problem especially due to the presence of heavy class imbalance. In this thesis, we search different alternative approaches to improve the performance of different dyadic approaches for link prediction. We propose here, a new approach of link prediction based on supervised rank agregation that uses concepts from computational social choice theory. Our approach is founded on supervised techniques of aggregating sorted lists (or preference aggregation). We also explore different ways of improving supervised link prediction approaches. One approach is to extend the set of attributes describing an example (pair of nodes) by attributes calculated in a multiplex network that includes the target network. Multiplex networks have a layered structure, each layer having different kinds of links between same sets of nodes. The second way is to use community information for sampling of examples to deal with the problem of classe imabalance. Experiments conducted on real networks extracted from well known DBLP bibliographic database
Coën, Alain. „Trois essais en macroéconomie internationale : le phénomène de préférence pour les titres nationaux et l'énigme de la quantité revisités“. Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509649.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBakaloglou, Salomé. „Les obstacles à la baisse des consommations énergétiques dans le secteur résidentiel : une analyse empirique du cas français“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReducing the energy consumption of the residential sector is a major stake in the context of the energy transition and the fight against climate change. However, despite the implementation of several dedicated public policies, the energy consumption of the sector has barely decreased in France. Through four empirical articles, this thesis aims to identify some of the barriers to the decrease of the French residential energy consumption with a focus on the role of individual determinants. In the first chapter, we wish to contribute to the literature on the barriers to energy efficiency investment (Sutherland, 1991) and the “energy efficiency gap” (Jaffe and Stavins, 1994). We use the methodology of the discrete choice experiment to assess the role of perceived risk and uncertainty on retrofit quality and energy price as barrier to the energy renovation decision. In the second chapter, we provide an empirical contribution on the role of individual preferences for comfort, other individual determinants and energy performance of dwellings in explaining energy consumption. In the third chapter, we study the energy performance gap (gap between theoretical and real energy consumption at dwelling level) and its drivers by using the quantile regression. Finally, in the fourth chapter, we test the assumption of the existence of a rebound effect for the heating energy consumption in France
Fuentes, Espinoza Alejandro. „Vin, réchauffement climatique et stratégies des entreprises : comment anticiper la réaction des consommateurs ?“ Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0150/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt’s commonly accepted that global warming will have important consequences formany vineyards throughout the world, with impacts on wine production, on grape quality andtherefore on wines quality. In Bordeaux and other regions, warming is partly the cause of achange in the chemical composition of the grapes harvested under conditions of excessivematurity. The wines resulting from their vinification are richer in alcohol, less acidic andmarked by aromatic characteristics reminiscent wines produced in warmer and dryer latitudes.In this context, global warming will involve important economic stakes in wine consumption,and it may be useful to know the capacity of consumers to accept these wines durably. Theobjective of this thesis work is both forward-looking in relation to global warming and itsconsequences on wines quality and at the same time on the sustainable match between supplyand demand.The analysis methodology is an experimental market coupled with a sensory analysis.Experiences with consumers showed the influence of the characteristics of global warmingwines on consumer’s preferences and the wines valorisation on the market. Finally, the resultsshow that consumers have differentiated valorizations for oenological processes aimed atcorrecting the negative effects of global warming
Boubou, Mounzer. „Contribution aux méthodes de classification non supervisée via des approches prétopologiques et d'agrégation d'opinions“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195779.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoitras, Sarah-Caroline. „Une analyse des perceptions des enfants d'une même famille eu égard aux comportements de leurs parents en fonction du sexe et du rang de naissance des enfants“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24289/24289.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDewaele, Aurélie. „Effet d'une exposition odorante pré et post-natale sur le développement des préférences médiées par l'olfaction chez la souris - Mécanismes de neuromodulation“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn mammals, the main olfactory system displays all the structural and functional characteristics at the last third of the gestational stage. Thus, the fetus is able to detect, to discriminate, but also to memorize the odorants present in the amniotic fluid in which it bathes. In the rodent, these odors memorized in utero are fundamental for the survival of the newborn at birth by allowing it to trend itself towards food sources. Afterwards, odorants are guiding the newborn to olfactory and food choices and are promoting subsequent learning. It is known that the mother's diet varies the olfactory keys of the biological fluids (amniotic fluid, milk) and thus modifies the nature of the olfactory sources encountered by the fetus and then the newborn in the perinatal period. The neuroanatomic and functional consequences of this impregnation are the subject of recent studies. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the effects of perinatal odor exposure on the maturation and functioning of the olfactory system in relation to the development of olfactory preferences and to a stressing challenge at weaning. For that, we set up a model of perinatal odor exposure through maternal feeding in the mI7-GFP murine transgenic strain expressing the olfactory receptor I7 coupled with the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). We evaluated the neuroanatomic, molecular and behavioral consequences on the pups before weaning, and their evolution over time by focusing our efforts on the postnatal stages 3 (PND3), PND12-14 and PND21. Due to the fragility of the transgenic strain, we worked on mI7-GFP mice pups crossfostered by CD1 mice mothers raised under the same conditions after having validated the presence of heptanal in the amniotic fluid of mI7-GFP mice and the milk of CD1 mice by GC-MSMS. We characterized the effects of perinatal odor exposure on the maturation and functioning of the olfactory system in relation to the olfactory preference until weaning (mI7-GFP mice pups under CD1 adoptive mothers) and on the stress reaction to maternal separation at weaning (CD1 mice pups under biological mother). Our results show that perinatal exposure to heptanal leads to a significant increase in the number of I7 glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB) associated to a slight modification of the tissue homeostasis in the olfactory mucosa (OM) and to subtle differencies in heptanal sensitivity and preferences, that are amplified at PND21. From a molecular point of view, these effects are associated to a down-regulation of the expression of the I7 receptor and genes of neuronal signaling and an odorantspecific decrease in EOG response which may highlight a modification of the cellular dynamics. Finally, the effect of perinatal exposure to heptanal on the response to stressing conditions after maternal separation was assessed by recording CD1 mice pups grown under the same conditions than fostered mi7 mice on odorized and non odorized open-field. We showed that the reaction of odorized mice in the open field at PND21 is attenuated when the odorant is present in the environment, compared to non odorized mice that display anxiety-like behavior. Overall, this study demonstrates the consequences of a perinatal odorant exposure in the young, in terms of behavior (olfactory preference and anxiety), structural and molecular plasticity of the olfactory system, on a transgenic strain for which we had little available data
Clerfeuille, Fabrice. „Les profils attitudinaux des consommateurs : analyse de la congruence des éléments cognitif, affectif et conatif“. Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00490782.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCambou, Stéphanie. „Identification des composés aromatiques clés impliqués dans les comportements d'attrait ou de rejet d'un produit laitier par les consommateurs“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21792.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBidoux, Loïc. „Planification avec préférences basée sur la Théorie de l'Utilité Multi-Attribut couplée à une intégrale de Choquet : application à l'interopérabilité des organisations en gestion de crise“. Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMAC0005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims to solve preference-based planning problems. The originality of this work is to represent preferences using a formalism from multicriteria decision analysis namely a MAUT model (acronym for Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) along with a Choquet integral. This formalism generalizes the notion of preference used in PDDL (the Planning Domain Definition Language). Indeed, the proposed PDDL3/MAUT extension improves the PDDL expressiveness by allowing to use any number of numeric preferences, aggregating preferences and considering interactions between preferences. As a consequence, it can represent more accurately the intrinsic complexity of decision-makers preferences. Furthermore, an algorithm for preference-based planning has been designed. It has been used to implement a planner named ChoPlan whose performances have been compared to state of the art planners. In addition, this work adresses the problem of organization’s interoperability in crisis management. Indeed, a decision aid system supporting decision-makers during the design of collaborative plans is presented. It helps stakeholders to model the situation to solve, the responders’ capabilities as well as objectives, constraints and preferences of the decision-makers. These models are then processed to generate a preference-based planning problem that is solved using the ChoPlan planner
Wagner, Melissa Monika. „Étude des attentes et de la perception du consommateur sur les marques de mode éthique, et de leur lien avec les paramètres textiles selon les méthodes Kansai et de l'ACV“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I050/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEthical fashion, also called eco, sustainable or slow fashion, has increasingly evolved but remains a niche market. According to marketing studies, the eco-design appearance in terms of environmentally-friendly image or attractiveness fails to support consumer expectations. A successful product design should meet consumer expectations and emotions. Consumer perception and expert knowledge needs to be involved within the evaluation process of ethical fashion. The current research work is mostly based on the exploration of ethical fashion values from a traditional business, marketing or design perspective. Different from this approach, the proposed study originally integrates quantitative consumer emotional and perceptual values towards environmentally-friendly, and detailed analysis into the eco-fashion design approach. This approach has not been studied before and can minimize the gap between expectations and design values of ethical fashion. In this context, new eco-fashion design products will receive broader acceptance in various consumer markets.In this thesis, the research project presented aims at qualitatively and quantitatively characterizing consumer expectation and consumer perception on ethical fashion in a series of representative textile products and their relations with concerned product design parameters. For this purpose, we proposed four evaluation approaches for acquiring and analyzing relevant human data. These approaches include the following: Firstly, we proposed a consumer focus group determination and a survey questionnaire development in order to characterize the relationship between consumer expectations and design parameters qualitatively. Secondly, we designed two sensory experiments to quantitatively characterize human perception and emotions by using sensory engineering and Kansei engineering including the acquisition of expert perceptual data on design parameters and using fuzzy logic in order to characterize more objectively the relationship. Furthermore, we anticipated a gap between real LCA and human perception. We compared the real impacts of a fashion product obtained with life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology with human perception of ethical through the visual appearance of fashion products
Bousquet, Léa. „Three essays on intertemporal choices“. Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis uses methods from behavioral economics to contribute to the analyses of intertemporal choices. First, the influences of consumers' present bias and their naivete about this bias on the market power of firms competing imperfectly are studied. In this framework, present-biased but sophisticated consumers allow firms to increase their profit by giving them more market power. Under certain conditions the present bias can also increase social welfare. Individuals' naivete either does not change firms' profit or reduces it. Yet, it always causes inefficiencies so that social welfare is reduced. Second, this thesis, through a lab experiment, aims at measuring the ability of individuals to anticipate their present or future bias. These biases and the accuracy of their anticipation are elicited from the choices of monetary allocations between two dates and the anticipation of those choices. The main result from this study is that individuals who are present- or future-biased tend to underestimate their bias. Finally, this thesis provides a theoretical explanation for the link between risk aversion and screening decision. The value of information can be instrumental but also emotional. Individuals may be risk averse on health status but also derive relatively less utility from a positive emotional reaction than disutility from a negative one, that is to say, be averse to information. If the information is only instrumental, risk aversion increases the likelihood to get tested. However, considering also the emotional value of the information, if the individual is strongly averse to information, the more risk averse she is and the less likely she chooses to get tested
Blain, Bastien. „Focused cognitive fatigue and decision making : behavioral evidence and neuroimaging correlates“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntertemporal preferences are one of the most studied topics in economics, because they adjust the balance between saving and consuming. Critically, lab measures of intertemporal preferences allow to predict individual traits, in terms of income, health and education. Findings in neuroscience during the last decade suggest that intertemporal preferences depend on the activity and integrity of a specific brain area, the lateral prefrontal cortex. Therefore, any change induced in that brain area should affect intertemporal preferences. Some studies have indeed shown that artificially inhibiting the activity of the lateral prefrontal cortex, through transcranial magnetic stimulation, does enhance preference for the present (i.e., impulsivity). The aim of this thesis is to show that daily phenomena in more natural conditions, subjectively perceived as fatigue, reduce lateral prefrontal cortex excitability and exacerbate choice impulsivity. This is shown in three different contexts, corresponding to three separate studies. First, performing hard cognitive tasks for several hours inhibits the lateral prefrontal cortex, explaining the increase in choice impulsivity. Second, rehearsing examinations for several hours enhance choice impulsivity. Third, physical overtraining imposed over two weeks leads to the same fatigue effects at both the behavioral and neural levels. From a computational perspective, the increase in choice impulsivity was best captured by changing the present bias, and not by changing the discount rate. Our interpretation is that the cost of using the lateral prefrontal cortex increases with time on task, generating a subjective feeling of fatigue and reducing its contribution to choices, and hence the control of preference for the present. The nature of this cost is open to discussion: does it correspond to a biological degradation or to a functional adaptation?