Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Analele Dobrogei“

Dobrogea is a region in Romania that boasts a rich cultural heritage, with a significant number of historical monuments, as well as breathtaking landscapes that attract tourists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of accessibility for seven of the most popular tourist attractions in Dobrogea, which were selected on the basis of their physical, geographic, religious, and historical significance. Furthermore, the level of satisfaction among tourists who visit each attraction was also assessed. Methodologically, several working and data processing methods specific to accessibility analysis were used, and graphic materials were produced to highlight the results obtained. To analyse tourist satisfaction, the researchers conducted interviews with 718 tourists who visited the attractions between June and September of 2022. The findings of this study can provide valuable information to local communities regarding the tourism potential of the region and the accessibility of its attractions. These data can be used to identify areas where roads need to be built or rehabilitated to improve accessibility to important tourist sites. By providing easy access to Dobrogea’s many attractions and ensuring that tourists are satisfied with their experiences, the region can become a top tourist destination in Romania.

With the arising necessity of new homes for the population also comes the necessity of energy for heating and electricity. In big cities the energy is easily attainable while the most remote areas have difficulties finding reliable sources of energy. In Romania, home heating in remote villages is usually provided through wood burning, using a fireplace or a boiler. The access to the electricity is assured only to the villages in proximity of the cities, main reason being the enormous price for the connection of few households to the national power grid, which makes the electricity directly related to poverty. Access to electricity may improve economic and social status of isolated communities. One of the main advantages of renewable energy, is its decentralized characteristic. This means that every household can produce its own energy without relying on the national power grid. This paper aims to research, from a techno-economic point of view, the possibility of creating small power grids in remote villages from Dobrogea - Romania and its social benefits for the communities. The first step is to identify how many villages in Dobrogea do not have access to electricity, to analyze from a technical, economic, social and environmental perspective the possibility of implementing project in rural areas by using mathematical models. Second step is to identify possibilities of private or governmental funding for implementing such projects.

Cilj je ovoga rada prikazati razvoj lokalne proračunske politike u smjeru veće proračunske transparentnosti. Provedena je studija slučaja Bjelovara u kojoj su korištene dvije kvalitativne metode prikupljanja podataka – intervju i selekcioniranje dokumenata. Prikupljena građa kodirana je prema pravilima kvalitativne analize sadržaja. Četiri su glavna elementa političkog odlučivanja o bjelovarskoj proračunskoj politici: transparentnost kao cilj, aplikacija Transparentno kao osnovni informacijski instrument, gradonačelnik zajedno sa svojim suradnicima kao ključni akter i građani kao glavna ciljana skupina. Analiza pokazuje kako su zajednička temeljna načela i lokalne proračunske politike i koncepta dobrog upravljanja transparentnost i odgovornost. Podaci navode i na zaključak kako su to nužni, ali ne i dovoljni uvjeti za ostvarenje dobrog upravljanja, s obzirom na to da njihovo uvođenje ne osigurava veću participaciju neformalnih aktera, posebice udruga civilnog društva. Ovaj rad predstavlja politološki pogled na ovu prvenstveno ekonomski analiziranu temu, te kroz uvide o empirijskom slučaju pokazuje važnost procesne dimenzije transparentnosti – važno je i koliko se transparentno odlučuje o proračunu, a ne isključivo transparentnost samog proračuna.

Čovjek se u svojoj naravnoj težnji za istinom pita o početcima postojanja i o načinu funkcioniranja svijeta — ne samo u pojedinim prirodnim zakonitostima, nego ga zanima i logos svijeta kao cjeline. Odgovor Tome Akvinskoga moguće je prikazati kroz stvoriteljsko–providnosnu strukturu. U radu su na sintetičan način prikazane detaljne Akvinčeve analize pitanja o stvaranju, providnosti i upravljanju, kao što su razrađene u njegovim djelima Summa theologiae, Summa contra gentiles i Quaestiones disputatae de veritate. Razumijevanje pojmova stvaranja, kao božanskoga djelovanja kojim cijelo biće proizlazi iz univerzalnoga uzroka svega bitka, i providnosti, kao Božjega atributa znanja i volje o privođenju svega k svrsi, omogućuje uvid u jedinstvenu strukturu svijeta kojemu je i prvo načelo proizlaženja i konačna svrha Bog u svojoj dobroti.

AbstractThe available information on root system in fully mature peach orchards in semi-arid regions is insufficient. This paper presents a study on the root system density in an irrigated peach orchard from Dobrogea, Romania, using the trench technique. The old orchard has clean cultivation in inter-row and in-row. The objectives of the study were to: test the hypothesis that the roots of fully mature peach trees occupy the whole soil volume; find out if root repulsive effect of adjacent plants occurred for the rootstocks and soil conditions; find relationships between root system and soil properties and analyse soil state trend. Some soil physical properties were significantly deteriorated in inter-row versus in-row, mainly due to soil compaction induced by technological traffic. Density of total roots was higher in-row than inter-row, but the differences were not significant. Root density decreased more intensely with soil depth than with distance from tree trunks. Root density correlated with some soil properties. No repulsive effect of the roots of adjacent peach trees was noted. The decrease of root density with distance from trunk can be used in optimising tree arrangement. The conclusions could also be used in countries with similar growth conditions.

U radu je sadržana kvalitativna i kvantitativna analiza važnih pokazatelja koji se odnose na usklađenost propisa Srbije sa pravnim tekovinama Evropske unije. Rad analizira opšti regulatorni okvir u postupku usvajanja propisa i regulatorni okvir koji se odnosi na proces pridruživanja. Polazna teza je da pridruživanje doprinosi fragmentaciji i može da kompromituje pitanje dobrog upravljanja. Imajući u vidu tu činjenicu, poseban značaj dobija sistemski odgovor za prevazilaženje fragmentacije. Srbija ima razvijene institucionalne i regulatorne mehanizme koji mogu pomoći u prevazilaženju ovih problema, ali se oni ne primenjuju u dovoljnoj meri i treba ih jačati. Posebno se ukazuje na značaj analize efekata propisa, izradu tabela usklađenosti i jačanje uloge Republičkog sekretarijata za javne politike.

Against the backdrop of the constant city growth, the needs of the population for recreation are increasing. It has led to the intensive recreational use of natural landscapes. An increasing number of people are striving to meet the need for recreation outside the city limits. One of such objects for recreation is riverfront territories (coastal zones), most of which do not meet the requirements for their condition and improvement. In addition, such zones are more exposed to technogenic impact. It contributes to an increase in the degree of recreational digression of the environment and degradation of natural complexes. There is a need to regulate the forms and methods of using natural resources. It enables to develop a system for the environmentally friendly development of them, create favorable conditions for recreation, improve, maintain, and effectively use the recreational potential of the natural complex. The object of the study was the rivefront territories of the Voronezh River in the village of Dobroe, Dobrovsky district, Lipetsk region. Maximum permissible recreational loads have been calculated, the landscape indicators of the coastal territories have been analyzed with their functional recreational zoning performed to ensure the environmentally friendly use of the territory of the object of study. It is necessary to identify the principles of the structure of their recreational spaces and planning decisions in order to intensify the use of coastal territories. As a result of the research, it is planned to analyze a number of factors that influence the organization of recreational functional zones in the structure of the riverfront territories of the village of Dobroe. It enables to identify problems and the main directions for transforming the territory and revealing its potential. An assortment of plants for landscaping riverfront areas is recommended taking into account their resistance to these conditions and anthropogenic stress

Sour cherry fruits are a perfect source of polyphenols, including flavonols, phenolic acids and anthocyanins. According to the literature, organic fruits contain more bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, compared to conventional fruits. Given that only one two-year experiment on the status of polyphenols in sour cherry fruits in an organic farm was previously conducted and found in the existing scientific literature, the aim of this study was to analyse and compare the concentration of bioactive compounds in organic and conventional sour cherries and to determine the effects of cultivation year and the proper cultivar. Four sour cherry cultivars (“Oblacińska”, “Kelleris 16”, “Pandy 103” and “Dobroceni Bötermo”) harvested in organic and conventional experimental orchards were assessed in this study. The dry matter and polyphenol contents in the fruits were determined. We observed a significantly higher concentration of dry matter in organic samples only in 2015 and 2017. In the case of total polyphenols, including phenolic acid (2015 and 2017–2018), and total flavonoids, including quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, the higher concentration was found in 2016 and 2018. Two individual anthocyanins were identified in sour cherry fruits. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside is the predominant form in the pool of total anthocyanins.

Današnje krave za mužnju selektirane su s obzirom na zdravlje i prilagođenost vimena strojnoj ili robotiziranoj mužnji. Budući da sisne čaše robot postavlja automatski, ključne su eksterijerne osobine vimena. Morfološki adekvatno vime, koje ima dobar omjer prednjih i stražnjih četvrti, odgovarajući oblik, veličinu i položaj sisa, preduvjet je dobroga zdravstvenog stanja krave i njezine prilagođenosti robotiziranoj mužnji. Prednost robotizirane mužnje ogleda se u individualnome pristupu svakoj kravi i mogućnosti analize velikoga seta podataka koji se svakodnevno prikupljaju po svakoj mužnji. Razvijaju se nove uzgojne vrijednosti, poput RZ Robota, koje kombiniraju svojstva koja su od velikoga značenja u selekciji bikova na farmama koje se koriste robotima za mužnju. Kako se broj robota za mužnju svake godine povećava, radi se na njihovu unaprjeđenju, pa se današnji modeli robota, koji se mogu pronaći na tržištu, vješto suočavaju s izazovima nepravilnosti vimena te su vrlo opremljeni. Njihovo unaprjeđenje najviše se ogleda u uspješnosti stvaranja nove hibridne ruke s jako puno pozitivnih karakteristika u ostvarenju pravilne mužnje, pri čemu se pazi na dobrobit i zdravlje krava.

U radu se analizira koliko pripadnici različitih pravničkih profesija u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji imaju povjerenja u institucije pravosudnih sustava i koliko su zadovoljni funkcioniranjem njihovih važnih dijelova. U prvom dijelu rada predstavljaju se argumenti kulturalističkog i institucionalnog pristupa u objašnjenju temelja povjerenja u institucije, određuju se karakteristike “dobrog” pravosuđa u kontekstu koncepta demokratske vladavine prava i daje se društveni kontekst provedbe pravosudnih reformi u obje zemlje u posljednjih dvadesetak godina. U drugom, empirijskom dijelu rada daje se prikaz rezultata analize podataka prikupljenih online anketnim istraživanjem provedenim 2018. godine u Hrvatskoj i Srbiji. Rezultati u obje zemlje pokazuju i nisku razinu povjerenja u institucije pravosudnog sustava i duboko nezadovoljstvo općim stanjem u pravosuđu i funkcioniranjem njegovih važnih dijelova. Pokazujući povezanost između (ne)povjerenja u institucije i (ne)zadovoljstva njihovim radom, analiza ide u prilog pretpostavkama institucionalne perspektive. Zaključujemo da dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na “unutarnju” krizu povjerenja u pravosuđu u obje zemlje koja prati evidentnu “izvanjsku” krizu srpskog pravosuđa i latentne napetosti u i oko hrvatskog pravosuđa.

Predmet ovog članka je analiza načina vođenja politike stanovanja i rešavanja problema socijalne isključenosti i segregacije u gradovima u Švedskoj. Ova država je u vreme blagostanja imala jedan od najdemokratskijih koncepata dostupnog stanovanja da bi sa neoliberalnim konceptom preduzetnikog upravljanja napravila velike promene. Te promene su dovele do primene novih mehanizama i instrumenata upravljanja ali je došlo i do većih socijalnih razlika, do porasta siromaštva, socijalne izolovanosti i segregacije zbog zapuštanja brige o dostupnosti stanova. U tom smislu su iskustva švedskih gradova vrlo interesantna i za Srbiju kao tranzicionu zemlju koja je sa modela dostupnog i mešovitog stanovanja prešla na tržišni model. I u Srbiji država i lokalne vlasti zapostavljaju stambenu politiku. Cilj ove analize je identifikacija razloga i posledica prelaska na neoliberalni model te kako Srbija može da predupredi probleme koji su nastali u Švedskoj, da obezbedi dostupne stanove svojim građanima a smanji šanse za segregaciju i siromaštvo. Metode: analiza modela stanovanja, studija slučaja džentrifikacije u četiri grada u Švedskoj, te komparacija sa stanjem u Srbiji i Beogradu (vidovi džentrifikacije). Zaključak: Dostupnost stana, pored dobrog obrazovanja i kvalitetnog posla spadaju u najbitnije činioce blagostanja za pojedince te politiku stanovanja i u neoliberalnom ambijentu treba negovati, pre svega u odnosu na socijalno osetljive kategorije. Rezultat: Članak ukazuje da u Srbiji treba podići osetljivost za probleme siromašnih, podići kvalitet baza podataka, kreirati indikatore kao instrumente praćenja i vrednovanja rezultata ove politike uz participaciju građana.

Rad se bavi prikazom metode izračuna planskih cijena pridobivanja drva, koje su predmet javnih nadmetanja u Šumsko gospodarskom društvu »Hercegbosanske šume« d.o.o. Kupres te analizom odstupanja planskih od ugovorenih/ostvarenih cijena usluga pridobivanja drva za 97 grupa odjela, koji su bili predmet javnih natječaja u 2019. i 2020. godini. Deskriptivnom i korelacijskom statističkom analizom obuhvaćeni su i pokazatelji grupa odjela na javnim natječajima: površina, neto obujam doznačenog drva, sječna gustoća, broj doznačenih stabala po ha, obujam srednjeg doznačenog stabla, nagib terena, srednja udaljenost privlačenja drva, stjenovitost terena i privlačenje drva uz nagib terena. Test zavisnih parova podataka je ukazao da postoji statistički značajna razlika između planskih i ugovorenih cijena usluga pridobivanja drva (t = 7,78, p < 0,001), a rezultati korelacijske analize potvrdili povezanost utjecajnih čimbenika izvođenja šumskih radova s ugovorenom i planskom cijenom pridobivanja drva. Uslijed statistički značajne (p < 0,05) i vrlo jake korelacije natječajima ostvarene i prikazanom metodom izračunate planske cijene usluge pridobivanja drva, ovisnost je izjednačena linearnim regresijskim modelom uz koeficijent determinacije od 0,667. Navedenim, prikazana je metoda izračuna planske cijene usluge pridobivanja drva dobar prediktor ostvarenih cijena pridobivanja drva na javnim natječajima, što govori i o samoj dobroti prikazane metode izračuna. Slaba i negativna korelacija (p < 0,05, r = -0,22) razlike ugovorene i planske cijene usluge pridobivanja drva o obujmu srednjeg doznačenog stabla, ukazala je da bi ovu pojavu u budućnosti trebalo pratiti s ciljem utvrđivanja uzroka, koji mogu biti: 1) međusobna konkurencija između izvoditelja usluga pridobivanja drva za grupe odjela sa većim srednjim obujmom doznačenoga stabla ili 2) precjenjivanje obujma srednjeg doznačenog stabla u prikazanome modelu izračuna planske cijene pridobivanja drva. Predložene su i smjernice povećanja točnosti određivanja ulaznih parametara (srednja udaljenost privlačenja drva, nagib i stjenovitost terena te privlačenje drva uz nagib terena) prikazane metode izračuna planskih cijena pridobivanja drva u cilju njenog usavršavanja. S obzirom da je izračun vezan za srednju plansku cijenu na razini šumskog gospodarstva, a koju utvrđuje uprava trgovačkog društva, neophodno je stalno praćenje tržišta, kako bi se na vrijeme moglo reagirati ukoliko bi došlo do većih oscilacija.

In the present study we analyse aspects related to the culinary side of the region of Dobrogea (Romania). The main research methods for the present article were the comparative study of specialized literature, with coverage of the main publications dedicated to the chosen topic, and the survey done through a questionnaire, launched with the purpose of checking the level of knowledge of the gastronomy of Dobrogea among the consumers and to identify its characteristic elements in order to consider it as vector for the local gastronomic tourism. The results of our research have highlighted the fact that customers give a high importance to the culinary aspect when choosing a holiday destination, and that the local Dobrogean dishes, wines, desserts and the quality products which have received recognition at a European level are not sufficiently known by the general public. This fact is due, on one side, to the insufficient information given about the geographical origin of the products during the marketing and sale phase and, on the other side, to a general lack in promotion for Dobrogean products, especially in other regions of Romania and abroad.

Starting with the chapter approaching the educational characteristics of the three census databases carried out in post-communist Romania (1992, 2002, and 2011), broken down at the local administrative unit level, the article aims to analyze from a geographical perspective the phenomenon of illiteracy. In the collective mindset, this notion is primarily associated with poverty, lack of accessibility to education, and/or lack of interest in school. During the three decades covered by this study, influenced by the change of the communist political regime and the economic instability, the complexity of the spatial dimensions of illiteracy is defined by particular demographic, confessional, and ethnic connections which have experienced various dynamics, but following the general tendency of the peripheralization of the phenomenon. Although the Romanian education system adopted certain Western reforms and implemented certain modern strategies, its quasi-obsolete strategies have persisted or have been aggravated in certain well-defined communities, which have been evolving against the downward trend, betraying a severe educational failure, especially in the south of the Romanian Plain, the south of Dobrogea Region, and in Transylvanian Depression. Therefore, in pursuing the implications of the ethnic and religious heritage, as well as the residential area factor, this research is devoted to the study of the main geographical areas where illiteracy is still present and to its relations with the social and economic environment.

AbstractFossil evidence suggests that ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii) diversified greatly after the largest mass extinction event at the Permian–Triassic boundary. This radiation resulted in a diversity peak in the Middle Triassic, which is manifested in diverse feeding specializations, especially among small‐bodied Neopterygii. We present new material from an early Spathian (Early Triassic) outcrop in northern Dobrogea, southeast Romania. The material includes isolated jaw and palatal bones that evidently belong to a single individual, a durophagous actinopterygian, and isolated scales referred to the same taxon. A systematic evaluation of this material indicates affinities with †Polzbergiidae, and provides a first glimpse of internal aspects of the feeding apparatus of that group. A pair of ectopterygoids with crushing dentition show a well‐developed lateral process, a feature that was previously proposed to be a synapomorphy uniting Cladistia (bichirs) with the Triassic †Scanilepiformes. The recognition of this structure in various Triassic ray‐fins (summarized herein) indicates that it was probably widespread among stem neopterygians. The new material belongs to a large individual with a heterodont dentition, therefore representing the earliest large, specialized, durophagous neopterygian. It increases the group's morphological diversity in the Spathian, and hints at an earlier trophic diversification after the mass extinction. Based on new data, we analyse changes in body size of bony fishes through the Early and Middle Triassic. Current evidence suggests that body size distribution remained skewed towards larger sizes in the late Early Triassic, and that the diversification of small‐bodied stem neopterygians had not yet been in full swing.

With this thematic issue the editorial board wishes to commemorate this important anniversary. Our objective was not to discuss military history, for we, as the name says, deal with Contemporary military challenges. However, we cannot avoid mentioning certain military topics and facts, as it is rather difficult to assess what we have learnt from the conflicts in the past one hundred years without examining and presenting the framework of certain events. It has been a long and dynamic century. A lot has been written about this period, especially from the security as well as military and defence aspects. World War One and Two were unexpectedly extensive in political, security, defence, economic, societal, geographical and geopolitical sense. The twentieth century was also marked by two other wars: the Cold War and the fight against terrorism. The latter was gradually renamed into combat against terrorism. In Slovenia, however, we came to an agreement that this area in fact refers to counter terrorism. The aforementioned wars were strongly influenced by developments in various fields, such as technology, informatics, civil engineering, logistics, engineering, aviation, armament, transport and so on. A lot of interesting individuals influenced the course of events in this period. It all started with Gavrilo Princip who fired at the heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand on that fatal Sunday, 28 June 1914. This eventually resulted in Austria-Hungary's decision to attack Serbia. A lot of names found their place on the historical timeline; some of them with a positive and others with a negative connotation. For Slovenians, the best symbol of that time is undoubtedly the first Slovenian General Rudolf Maister, even though some generations never even heard of him in school. The times are changing, and so are our views on certain historical memories and the facts related to them. It is therefore appropriate to remember certain things, persons and events, and it is also appropriate to analyse and to assess them in order to learn from them. Especially with the intent of not repeating that which is seen throughout the eyes of the history as wrongful, bad or harmful to an individual, nations, nature, states and the world. As the answer to our question whether we have learnt anything in the past one hundred years, Uroš Tovornik prepared a paper titled The time of the formation of a new world order, in which he claims that modern security issues originate, in particular, from the decisions adopted at the Versailles Peace Conference and the events that followed. In the conclusion, the author sums up that modern geopolitical situation differs substantially from the one a hundred years ago or, on the other hand, resembles it very much. In her paper Chemical weapons – particularity of World War I or a still imminent danger, Valerija Bernik takes us through the history of the use of different types of chemical weapons. The latter were first tested by the Austro-Hungarian soldiers on the Isonzo Front in combat with their Italian opponents. Further on she presents all efforts the international community invests in the prevention and limitation of the use of chemical weapons as well as in protection against them. It is nowadays difficult to imagine that a Slovenian would voluntarily engage in a war far from their homeland and fight in the region that lies on the border between Romania and Bulgaria. Jože Rozman writes about this particularity in his paper titled Military geographical dimension of Dobrogea and (Slovenian) volunteers in this battlefield in World War I. What was once a territory where severe combats took place, is now an area important for the allied forces combating the crisis in Ukraine. In the paper titled Market Garden – the epic and the tragedy of allied paratrooper units in the Netherlands, Mircea Tănase presents and analyses the mentioned allied operation in World War One in detail, assessing what went according to plans and what went wrong. Tănase concludes the paper by stressing the importance of intelligence both in the present and in the future. Viktor Potočnik writes about Slovenian Armed Forces size and character. A lot has already been written, in general, about how many members and which types of units the Slovenian Armed Forces should have. In this paper, the author confronts us with facts. His overview and the calculations are very simple and transparent. Is there anyone among the readers who does not share his opinion and would be willing to write an article about it? In her paper titled Military medical intelligence with limited resources in the case of small countries, Tanja Kremžar Kovač states that essential to this sub-type of intelligence and security activities is the acquisition of data on medical and environmental hazards and the medical capabilities in the international area in which members of the armed forces are engaged. Integrating her experience in the paper, the author also explains why this is an important topic and how this activity takes place. Maja Garb read the book of Thomas R. Mockaitis Soldiers of Misfortune? and wrote a peer review titled The challenges of military and security contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan. With this issue, we conclude the year of important anniversaries, as we have named the year 2014 at the very beginning. We invite you to write on and read about the topics for which we have prepared an open invitation for articles for 2015, which is published on our website http://www.slovenskavojska.si/en/publications/.