Thematische Bibliographien / Amplification du signal (chimie) / Zeitschriftenartikel
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Amplification du signal (chimie)“

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Veröffentlicht am 22. Februar 2025

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1

Scrimin, Paolo, und Leonard J. Prins. „Sensing through signal amplification“. Chemical Society Reviews 40, Nr. 9 (2011): 4488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15024c.

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2

Urdea, Mickey S. „Branched DNA Signal Amplification“. Nature Biotechnology 12, Nr. 9 (September 1994): 926–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0994-926.

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3

Shibata, T., und K. Fujimoto. „Noisy signal amplification in ultrasensitive signal transduction“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, Nr. 2 (29.12.2004): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403350102.

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4

Nallur, G. „Signal amplification by rolling circle amplification on DNA microarrays“. Nucleic Acids Research 29, Nr. 23 (01.12.2001): 118e—118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.23.e118.

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5

Pai, Supriya, Ana Roberts und Andrew D. Ellington. „Aptamer amplification: divide and signal“. Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics 2, Nr. 12 (19.11.2008): 1333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17530050802562016.

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6

Bijnen, F. G. C., J. v. Dongen, J. Reuss und F. J. M. Harren. „Thermoacoustic amplification of photoacoustic signal“. Review of Scientific Instruments 67, Nr. 6 (Juni 1996): 2317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146939.

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7

Zhu, Lei, und Eric V. Anslyn. „Signal Amplification by Allosteric Catalysis“. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, Nr. 8 (13.02.2006): 1190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501476.

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8

Dailey, James M., Anjali Agarwal, Colin J. McKinstrie und Paul Toliver. „Optical Signal Filtering Using Phase-Sensitive Amplification and De-Amplification“. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, Nr. 16 (15.08.2016): 1743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2016.2566925.

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9

Shibata, T., und K. Fujimoto. „2P167 Noisy signal amplification in ultrasensitive signal transduction network“. Seibutsu Butsuri 44, supplement (2004): S151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.44.s151_3.

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10

Brooks, Adam D., Kimy Yeung, Gregory G. Lewis und Scott T. Phillips. „A strategy for minimizing background signal in autoinductive signal amplification reactions for point-of-need assays“. Analytical Methods 7, Nr. 17 (2015): 7186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00508f.

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Xiao, Xue, und Shujun Zhen. „Recent advances in fluorescence anisotropy/polarization signal amplification“. RSC Advances 12, Nr. 11 (2022): 6364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00058j.

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We discuss how the potential of fluorescence anisotropy/polarization signal approach expanded through mass amplification, fluorescence lifetime amplification, segmental motion amplification, and provide perspectives at future applications.
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Wang, Jingpeng, Liqiong Tang und John E Bronlund. „Surface EMG Signal Amplification and Filtering“. International Journal of Computer Applications 82, Nr. 1 (15.11.2013): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/14079-2073.

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13

Mewis, Ryan E. „Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE)“. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 59, Nr. 12 (14.11.2021): 1175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.5221.

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14

Ehret, Anne, Mark T. Spitler und Louis S. Stuhl. „Chemical Signal Enhancement by Chemical Amplification“. Comments on Inorganic Chemistry 23, Nr. 4 (Juli 2002): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02603590213136.

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15

HALLE, K. S., L. O. CHUA, V. S. ANISHCHENKO und M. A. SAFONOVA. „SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION VIA CHAOS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 02, Nr. 04 (Dezember 1992): 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812749200063x.

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Szenics, Jonathan M. „Audio signal enhancement and amplification system“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, Nr. 4 (2005): 1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1919920.

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17

Huntington, E. H., P. K. Lam, T. C. Ralph, D. E. McClelland und H. A. Bachor. „Noiseless independent signal and power amplification“. Optics Letters 23, Nr. 7 (01.04.1998): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.23.000540.

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18

Diamandis, Eleftherios P. „Signal Amplification in Time-resolved Fluorometry“. Clinical Chemistry 47, Nr. 3 (01.03.2001): 380–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/47.3.380.

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19

Friedrich, Peter, und András Aszódi. „Cyclic AMP turnover and signal amplification“. Biochemical Journal 257, Nr. 2 (15.01.1989): 621–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2570621b.

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20

Ding, Wan-Xiang, Chang-Gui Gu und Xiao-Ming Liang. „A Simple Structure for Signal Amplification“. Communications in Theoretical Physics 65, Nr. 2 (01.02.2016): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/65/2/189.

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21

Rana, Rahul, Rodolfo F. Gómez-Biagi, Jay Bassan und Mark Nitz. „Signal Amplification for Imaging Mass Cytometry“. Bioconjugate Chemistry 30, Nr. 11 (06.11.2019): 2805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00559.

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22

Giri, Basant, Binod Pandey, Bhanu Neupane und Frances S. Ligler. „Signal amplification strategies for microfluidic immunoassays“. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 79 (Mai 2016): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2015.10.021.

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23

Altaisky, M. V., V. N. Gorbachev und F. Pichierri. „Coherent signal amplification in rhodopsin media“. Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 4, Nr. 2 (März 2007): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1547477107020124.

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TIAN, Y., und C. MAO. „DNAzyme amplification of molecular beacon signal“. Talanta 67, Nr. 3 (15.09.2005): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.06.044.

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25

Tian, Ye, Yu He und Chengde Mao. „Cascade Signal Amplification for DNA Detection“. ChemBioChem 7, Nr. 12 (29.09.2006): 1862–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200600336.

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26

McCallister, Ron. „Ideal amplification of broadband signals“. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, Nr. 2 (April 2013): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000214.

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This paper describes a digital signal processing (DSP) method for achieving “ideal” amplification, maximizing both the average output signal power and power-added-efficiency for any signal waveform and any power amplifier (PA) transfer characteristic. Detailed algorithms are described for optimally accomplishing peak reduction (PR), predistortion (PD) linearization, and integration of these DSP techniques with envelope tracking PAs. Hardware characterization results validate the theories of PD and PR operation.
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Damulira, Edrine, Muhammad Nur Salihin Yusoff, Ahmad Fairuz Omar und Nur Hartini Mohd Taib. „Amplification of Radiation-Induced Signal of LED Strip by Increasing Number of LED Chips and Using Amplifier Board“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 2 (16.01.2020): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020651.

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Transducers, such as photodiodes, phototransistors, and photovoltaic cells are promising radiation detectors. However, for accurate radiation detection and dosimetry, signals that emanate from these devices have to be sufficient to facilitate accurate calibrations, i.e., assigning a quantity of radiation dose to a specific magnitude of the signal. More so, purposely fabricated for luminescence, LEDs produce significantly low signals during radiation detection applications. Therefore, this paper investigates the enhancement and augmentation of photovoltaic signals that were generated when LED strips were being exposed to diagnostic X-rays. Initially, signal amplification was achieved through increasing the effective LED active area (from 60 to 120 chips); by successively connecting LED strips. Further, signal amplification was undertaken by injecting the raw LED strip signal into an amplifier board with adjustable gains. In both the signal amplification techniques, the tube voltage (kVp), tube current-time product (mAs), and source-to-detector distance (SDD) were varied. The principal findings show that effective active area-based signal amplifications produced an overall average of 91.16% signal enhancement throughout all of the X-ray parameter variations. On the other hand, the amplifier board produced an average of 36.48% signal enhancement for the signals that were injected into it. Chip number increment-based signal amplifications had a 0.687% less coefficient of variation than amplifier board signal amplifications. The amplifier board signal amplifications were impaired by factors, such as dark currents, amplifier board maximum operational output voltage, and saturation. Therefore, future electronic signal amplification could use amplifier boards having low dark currents and high operational voltage headroom. The low-cost and simplicity that are associated with active-area amplification could be further exploited in a hybrid amplification technique with electronic amplification and scintillators.
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Smaldino, Joseph J., und Carl C. Crandell. „Classroom Amplification Technology“. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 31, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2000): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.3104.371.

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Many children are struggling to listen and learn in noisy and reverberant classrooms. Some of these children have hearing loss; others have essentially normal hearing but are at risk for accurate speech perception. Hearing aid fitting protocols and technology can be effective for children with hearing loss, but the aids must be selected and adjusted for classroom environments. For many children, personal amplification may not provide enough benefit for listening and learning to occur. For children who require more than a hearing aid and for at-risk children who have difficulty separating the teacher's message from background noise, technology that is specifically designed to improve the classroom signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may be required. In addition to the use of technology, children must learn to listen effectively in order for a meaningful signal to be received and used.
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Huang, Zhen Qiang, Wen Li Zhao und Zhi Gang Wang. „Research on Weak Signal Amplification Principle Based on Parabola Map“. Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (Oktober 2010): 1963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1963.

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In this paper, a new nonlinear amplification principle based on chaotic theory is proposed. Firstly, according to the basic properties of chaotic systems, such as the sensitivity of the initial conditions and the one-to-one correspondence between chaotic orbit and the initial value, we established the nonlinear enlarge model based on the parabola map. Then, after we studied the nonlinear amplification of the parabola map, and the binary relationship between input and output, we achieved the simulation of the nonlinear amplification with common signals. Thirdly, we compared the result of linear amplification with nonlinear amplification; and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of nonlinear amplification under real situation. Finally, we get the conclusion that the weak signal amplification principle which is based on parabola map has superiority. It can reduce the noise while enlarging the useful signal. In other words, it can improve the signal to noise ratio.
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Wang, Hailong, Yajuan Zhang, Xiong Zhang, Chunliu Zhao, Shangzhong Jin und Jietai Jing. „Multi-Way Noiseless Signal Amplification in a Symmetrical Cascaded Four-Wave Mixing Process“. Photonics 9, Nr. 4 (01.04.2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040229.

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According to the fundamental laws of quantum optics, vacuum noise is inevitably added to the signal when one tries to amplify a signal. However, it has been recently shown that noiseless signal amplification can be realized when a phase-sensitive process is involved. Two phase-sensitive schemes, a correlation injection scheme and a two-beam phase-sensitive amplifier scheme, are both proposed to realize multi-way noiseless signal amplification in a symmetrical cascaded four-wave mixing process. We theoretically study the possibility of the realization of four-way noiseless signal amplification by using these two schemes. The results show that the correlation injection scheme can only realize one-way noiseless signal amplification, but that the two-beam phase-sensitive amplifier scheme can lead to four-way noise figure values below 1. Our results here may find potential applications in quantum information processing, e.g., the realization of quantum information tap and quantum non-demolition measurement, etc.
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Zhang, Shouping, Bin Hu, Xiaojing Xia, Yanzhao Xu, Bolin Hang, Jinqing Jiang und Jianhe Hu. „Highly Sensitive Detection of PCV2 Based on Tyramide Signals and GNPL Amplification“. Molecules 24, Nr. 23 (29.11.2019): 4364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234364.

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The frequent emergence of secondary infection and immunosuppression after porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection highlights the need to develop sensitive detection methods. A dual-signal amplification enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a microplate coated with gold nanoparticle layers (GNPL) and tyramide signal amplification (TSA) was established. Results confirmed that the microplates coated with GNPL have a strong binding ability to the antibody without affecting the biological activity of the antibody. The microplates coated with GNPL have strong binding ability to the antibody, and the amplification of the tyramide signal is combined to further improve the sensitivity of PCV2. The PCV2 antibody does not crossreact with other viruses, demonstrating that the method has good specificity. A dual-signal amplification strategy is developed using microplates modified with GNPL and TSA to sensitively detect PCV2.
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Loubar, Khaled, Je´ro^me Bellettre und Mohand Tazerout. „Unsteady Heat Transfer Enhancement Around an Engine Cylinder in Order to Detect Knock“. Journal of Heat Transfer 127, Nr. 3 (01.03.2005): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1857943.

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This paper deals with the transient thermal signal around an engine cylinder in order to propose a new and nonintrusive method of knock detection. Numerical simulations of unsteady heat transfer through the cylinder and inside the coolant flow are carried out to account for heat flux variations due to normal and knocking combustion. The effect of rib roughened surfaces on thermal signal amplification is investigated. The geometric parameters are fixed at Pi/h=10 and w/h=1 with a Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter of 12,000. The results reveal that square ribs give better performance in term of thermal signal amplification within the fluid. An amplification of the temperature variation up to 20 times higher is found. Finally, flow analysis shows that amplification depends on the position where the thermal signal is collected.
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Inanç, Burcu, Helen Dodson und Ciaran G. Morrison. „A Centrosome-autonomous Signal That Involves Centriole Disengagement Permits Centrosome Duplication in G2 Phase after DNA Damage“. Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, Nr. 22 (15.11.2010): 3866–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-02-0124.

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DNA damage can induce centrosome overduplication in a manner that requires G2-to-M checkpoint function, suggesting that genotoxic stress can decouple the centrosome and chromosome cycles. How this happens is unclear. Using live-cell imaging of cells that express fluorescently tagged NEDD1/GCP-WD and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, we found that ionizing radiation (IR)-induced centrosome amplification can occur outside S phase. Analysis of synchronized populations showed that significantly more centrosome amplification occurred after irradiation of G2-enriched populations compared with G1-enriched or asynchronous cells, consistent with G2 phase centrosome amplification. Irradiated and control populations of G2 cells were then fused to test whether centrosome overduplication is allowed through a diffusible stimulatory signal, or the loss of a duplication-inhibiting signal. Irradiated G2/irradiated G2 cell fusions showed significantly higher centrosome amplification levels than irradiated G2/unirradiated G2 fusions. Chicken–human cell fusions demonstrated that centrosome amplification was limited to the irradiated partner. Our finding that only the irradiated centrosome can duplicate supports a model where a centrosome-autonomous inhibitory signal is lost upon irradiation of G2 cells. We observed centriole disengagement after irradiation. Although overexpression of dominant-negative securin did not affect IR-induced centrosome amplification, Plk1 inhibition reduced radiation-induced amplification. Together, our data support centriole disengagement as a licensing signal for DNA damage-induced centrosome amplification.
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Xing, Chao, Ziyi Chen, Cheng Zhang, Jun Wang und Chunhua Lu. „Target-directed enzyme-free dual-amplification DNA circuit for rapid signal amplification“. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, Nr. 47 (2020): 10770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb02114h.

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An enzyme-free, single-step and rapid signal amplification DNA circuit was developed by integrating target-directed entropy-driven catalysis and hybridization chain reaction for fluorescence analysis of nucleic acids and small molecules.
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Wilson, M. R., und S. B. Easterbrooksmith. „Enzyme Complex Amplification - A Signal Amplification Method for Use in Enzyme Immunoassays“. Analytical Biochemistry 209, Nr. 1 (Februar 1993): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1100.

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Wang, Xingya, und Guangchang Pang. „Amplification systems of weak interaction biosensors: applications and prospects“. Sensor Review 35, Nr. 1 (19.01.2015): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2014-629.

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Purpose – This paper aims to provide a detailed review of weak interaction biosensors and several common biosensor methods for magnifying signals, as well as judiciously guide readers through selecting an appropriate detecting system and signal amplification method according to their research and application purpose. Design/methodology/approach – This paper classifies the weak interactions between biomolecules, summarizes the common signal amplification methods used in biosensor design and compares the performance of different kinds of biosensors. It highlights a potential electrochemical signal amplification method: the G protein signaling cascade amplification system. Findings – Developed biosensors which, based on various principles, have their own strengths and weaknesses have met the basic detection requirements for weak interaction between biomolecules: the selectivity, sensitivity and detection limit of biosensors have been consistently improving with the use of new signal amplification methods. However, most of the weak interaction biosensors stop at the research stage; there are only a minority realization of final commercial application. Originality/value – This paper evaluates the status of research and application of weak interaction biosensors systematically. The G protein signaling cascade amplification system proposal offers a new avenue for the research and development of electrochemical biosensors.
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Gold, Zachary, Andrew Olaf Shelton, Helen R. Casendino, Joe Duprey, Ramón Gallego, Amy Van Cise, Mary Fisher et al. „Signal and noise in metabarcoding data“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 5 (11.05.2023): e0285674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285674.

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Metabarcoding is a powerful molecular tool for simultaneously surveying hundreds to thousands of species from a single sample, underpinning microbiome and environmental DNA (eDNA) methods. Deriving quantitative estimates of underlying biological communities from metabarcoding is critical for enhancing the utility of such approaches for health and conservation. Recent work has demonstrated that correcting for amplification biases in genetic metabarcoding data can yield quantitative estimates of template DNA concentrations. However, a major source of uncertainty in metabarcoding data stems from non-detections across technical PCR replicates where one replicate fails to detect a species observed in other replicates. Such non-detections are a special case of variability among technical replicates in metabarcoding data. While many sampling and amplification processes underlie observed variation in metabarcoding data, understanding the causes of non-detections is an important step in distinguishing signal from noise in metabarcoding studies. Here, we use both simulated and empirical data to 1) suggest how non-detections may arise in metabarcoding data, 2) outline steps to recognize uninformative data in practice, and 3) identify the conditions under which amplicon sequence data can reliably detect underlying biological signals. We show with both simulations and empirical data that, for a given species, the rate of non-detections among technical replicates is a function of both the template DNA concentration and species-specific amplification efficiency. Consequently, we conclude metabarcoding datasets are strongly affected by (1) deterministic amplification biases during PCR and (2) stochastic sampling of amplicons during sequencing—both of which we can model—but also by (3) stochastic sampling of rare molecules prior to PCR, which remains a frontier for quantitative metabarcoding. Our results highlight the importance of estimating species-specific amplification efficiencies and critically evaluating patterns of non-detection in metabarcoding datasets to better distinguish environmental signal from the noise inherent in molecular detections of rare targets.
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Cajigas, Sebastian, und Jahir Orozco. „Nanobioconjugates for Signal Amplification in Electrochemical Biosensing“. Molecules 25, Nr. 15 (03.08.2020): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153542.

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Nanobioconjugates are hybrid materials that result from the coalescence of biomolecules and nanomaterials. They have emerged as a strategy to amplify the signal response in the biosensor field with the potential to enhance the sensitivity and detection limits of analytical assays. This critical review collects a myriad of strategies for the development of nanobioconjugates based on the conjugation of proteins, antibodies, carbohydrates, and DNA/RNA with noble metals, quantum dots, carbon- and magnetic-based nanomaterials, polymers, and complexes. It first discusses nanobioconjugates assembly and characterization to focus on the strategies to amplify a biorecognition event in biosensing, including molecular-, enzymatic-, and electroactive complex-based approaches. It provides some examples, current challenges, and future perspectives of nanobioconjugates for the amplification of signals in electrochemical biosensing.
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Raizer, A., und Mikael Fonseca. „Digital TV signal reception and amplification system“. SET International Journal of Broadcast Engineering 2017, Nr. 3 (01.11.2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18580/setijbe.2017.3.

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Crockett, Benjamin, Luis Romero Cortés, Reza Maram und José Azaña. „Optical signal denoising through temporal passive amplification“. Optica 9, Nr. 1 (20.01.2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.428727.

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Ge, Jingpeng, Johannes Elferich, Sepehr Dehghani-Ghahnaviyeh, Zhiyu Zhao, Marc Meadows, Henrique von Gersdorff, Emad Tajkhorshid und Eric Gouaux. „Molecular mechanism of prestin electromotive signal amplification“. Cell 184, Nr. 18 (September 2021): 4669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.034.

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42

Arshavsky, Vadim Y., und Marie E. Burns. „Current understanding of signal amplification in phototransduction“. Cellular Logistics 4, Nr. 2 (Mai 2014): e29390. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cl.29390.

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Yamaguchi, Masaki. „Microcapsule-Based Signal Amplification Method for Biomolecules“. Sensors 19, Nr. 12 (17.06.2019): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122711.

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The direct signal amplification of target molecules could be an effective means of increasing the sensitivity and reducing the size of biosensors. The purpose of this study was to propose a novel signal amplification method suitable for the detection of biomolecules using microcapsules that can quickly respond to concentration variation. This microcapsule-based amplification method consists of two elements—microcapsules and a well-array. The microcapsules consist of (i) an inner shell fabricated through layer-by-layer assembly, (ii) a lipid bilayer, and (iii) loaded target molecules. In this method, the inner surface of the well-array was modified using TiO2 as a photocatalyst. The diameter and thickness of the fabricated micro-capsules for biomarker loading were shown to be 2.7 μm and 78 nm, respectively. An ultraviolet (UV) irradiation time of 5 min was needed when the change in optical density reached 90% saturation of the optical density change. Dye molecules were incorporated into the microcapsules and were subsequently released, and the concentration of the released solution changed in proportion with the encapsulated dye concentration. This demonstrates the proof of concept for this novel signal amplification method based on microcapsules.
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Balzani, Vincenzo, Paola Ceroni, Sven Gestermann, Christopher Kauffmann, Marius Gorka und Fritz Vögtle. „Dendrimers as fluorescent sensors with signal amplification“. Chemical Communications, Nr. 10 (2000): 853–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b002116o.

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Prokup, Alexander, James Hemphill, Qingyang Liu und Alexander Deiters. „Optically Controlled Signal Amplification for DNA Computation“. ACS Synthetic Biology 4, Nr. 10 (26.01.2015): 1064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/sb500279w.

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Rajamani, S., und S. Rajasekar. „Signal amplification by unidirectional coupling of oscillators“. Physica Scripta 88, Nr. 1 (25.06.2013): 015010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/88/01/015010.

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Karpov, D. S., G. Oelsner, S. N. Shevchenko, Ya S. Greenberg und E. Il'ichev. „Signal amplification in a qubit-resonator system“. Low Temperature Physics 42, Nr. 3 (März 2016): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4942759.

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48

Mcnicol und Richmond. „Optimizing immunohistochemistry: antigen retrieval and signal amplification“. Histopathology 32, Nr. 2 (Februar 1998): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00342.x.

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Takala, Heikki, Alexander Björling, Oskar Berntsson, Heli Lehtivuori, Stephan Niebling, Maria Hoernke, Irina Kosheleva et al. „Signal amplification and transduction in phytochrome photosensors“. Nature 509, Nr. 7499 (30.04.2014): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13310.

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Wiesenfeld, Kurt, und Bruce McNamara. „Small-signal amplification in bifurcating dynamical systems“. Physical Review A 33, Nr. 1 (01.01.1986): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.33.629.

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