Thematische Bibliographien / American crime literature

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „American crime literature“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "American crime literature"

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Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena. „Crime and Race: A Plea for New Ideas“. Review of Black Political Economy 34, Nr. 3-4 (Dezember 2007): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12114-008-9016-0.

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A review of the economics of crime literature provides an unsatisfactory explanation of the higher crime rates among African Americans compared to crime rates for whites in the US. This address challenges economists, particularly African American economists, to come up with new and credible ideas to explain the observed crime differential that could influence policies to decrease crime in the African American community.
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Xayrulloyevna, Shamamedova Zinnat. „DEVELOPMENT OF THE DETECTIVE GENRE IN AMERICAN LITERATURE“. International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, Nr. 03 (01.03.2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue03-06.

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The article is devoted to the historical aspect of the development of the American detective genre. Various approaches to the formulation of the rules for creating works in the detective genre are also considered. The plot of the crime and the role of law enforcement agencies in the disclosure and elimination of criminal cases in the modern detective genre are studied in detail.
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Berry, Bonnie, und Earl Smith. „Race, Sport, and Crime: The Misrepresentation of African Americans in Team Sports and Crime“. Sociology of Sport Journal 17, Nr. 2 (Juni 2000): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.17.2.171.

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Criminological literature and statistics show that African Americans are comparatively overrepresented in the United States criminal justice system. This study explores whether African American athletes are similarly overrepresented as criminally involved sports figures. Data abundantly illustrate that African Americans fare worse in all phases of criminal justice compared to whites. It has been speculated that African Americans, perhaps due to cultural influences or blocked opportunities, do commit more crime than other racial categories. There is equally strong reason to believe that the representation of African Americans in the criminal justice system is largely a result of racial bias on the part of social control agencies. Crime among athletes, regardless of race, can be explained through social forces, such as collective behavior, organizational influences, and social process. We conclude that African American athletes are socially expected to be engaged in crime and suggest a new approach to this area of study.
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Chalfin, Aaron, Jacob Kaplan und Maria Cuellar. „Measuring Marginal Crime Concentration: A New Solution to an Old Problem“. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 58, Nr. 4 (05.01.2021): 467–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427820984213.

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Objectives: In his 2014 Sutherland address to the American Society of Criminology, David Weisburd demonstrated that the share of crime that is accounted for by the most crime-ridden street segments is notably high and strikingly similar across cities, an empirical regularity referred to as the “law of crime concentration.” In the large literature that has since proliferated, there remains considerable debate as to how crime concentration should be measured empirically. We suggest a measure of crime concentration that is simple, accurate and easily interpreted. Methods: Using data from three of the largest cities in the United States, we compare observed crime concentration to a counterfactual distribution of crimes generated by randomizing crimes to street segments. We show that this method avoids a key pitfall that causes a popular method of measuring crime concentration to considerably overstate the degree of crime concentration in a city. Results: While crime is significantly concentrated in a statistical sense and while some crimes are substantively concentrated among hot spots, the precise relationship is considerably weaker than has been documented in the empirical literature. Conclusions: The method we propose is simple and easily interpretable and compliments recent advances which use the Gini coefficient to measure crime concentration.
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Moriconi, Marcelo. „From Transgression to Decriminalization: A Path to Promote Legitimacy, Inclusion, and Democracy in Latin America“. Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies 8, Nr. 1 (29.06.2024): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23870/marlas.424.

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Despite the extensive literature developed and published in recent decades on the causes of crime in Latin America and its solutions, data show that crime is consolidating and growing in the region. This essay warns that one of the crucial errors in much of that literature is the confusion between means and ends. Crime, like democracy,means to an end, and rather than good or bad, means are either effective or ineffective. Researchers have shown that in many Latin American countries, legality, as a categorical imperative and model of life, has lost legitimacy, truthfulness, and effectiveness, and transgression has become an admired value. Crime is closely related to this environment. Instead of debating the quality of democracies, this essay explains the importance of discussing the concept of worthwhile lives and reviewing the scope of legality in Latin America. We suggest that the premise of governing to include is crucially related to the need to redefine the scope of what is legal. And in that debate, the decriminalization of drugs is a central chapter. A pesar de la extensa literatura desarrollada y publicada en las últimas décadas sobre las causas del crimen en América Latina y sus soluciones, los datos muestran que el crimen se consolida y aumenta en la región. Este ensayo advierte que uno de los graves errores en gran parte de esa literatura es la confusión entre los medios y los fines. El crimen, como la democracia, es un medio para llegar a un fin, y más que buenos o malos, los medios son eficaces o ineficaces. Los investigadores han mostrado que en muchos países latinoamericanos, la legalidad, como imperativo categórico y modelo de vida, ha perdido legitimidad, veracidad y efectividad, y la transgresión se ha convertido en un valor admirado. El aumento del crimen está estrechamente relacionado con este entorno. En lugar de debatir sobre la calidad de las democracias, este ensayo explica la importancia de discutir el concepto de vidas dignas y revisar el alcance de la legalidad en América Latina. Sugerimos que la premisa de gobernar para incluir se relaciona crucialmente con la necesidad de redefinir el alcance de lo que es legal. Y en ese debate, la despenalización de las drogas es un capítulo central.
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Cardoso, Gabriela Ribeiro, und Julian Borba. „Violência e legitimidade democrática: um balanço da literatura sobre o contexto latino-americano“. Sociedade e Estado 38, Nr. 1 (April 2023): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6992-202338010008.

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Resumo A América Latina concentra elevadas taxas de homicídio, o que coloca uma série de adversidades para as democracias em consolidação e pode fomentar retrocessos na legitimidade democrática. Neste sentido, o artigo dedica-se a aprofundar, na literatura internacional, os temas vitimização, medo do crime e legitimidade democrática na América Latina. Deste modo, o artigo está organizado em quatro seções: primeiramente, são destacadas as características gerais da literatura sobre medo do crime e a relação com a democracia. Na sequência, são abordados os estudos que conectam diretamente a vitimização e o medo do crime com aspectos políticos e, de modo específico, com a legitimidade democrática. A terceira seção aborda os mecanismos causais que podem favorecer os efeitos da violência na legitimidade democrática. Por fim, são apresentadas considerações gerais sobre a literatura pesquisada, bem como são levantadas questões para a agenda de pesquisa no contexto latino-americano.
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Bell, Daniel. „Crime as an American Way of Life“. Antioch Review 50, Nr. 1/2 (1992): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4612495.

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Daniel Bell. „Crime as an American Way of Life“. Antioch Review 74, Nr. 3 (2016): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.7723/antiochreview.74.3.0575.

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Davis, Patrick Edward. „Painful Legacy of Historical African American Culture“. Journal of Black Studies 51, Nr. 2 (04.02.2020): 128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934719896073.

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African Americans continue to experience significant difficulty integrating into mainstream American society. Research literature demonstrates that after decades of legislation designed to address African American socialization issues, African Americans continue to seem to be unable to pull many of their communities out of academic disparities, high unemployment, crippling poverty, and endemic crime. There appears to be historical ramifications and etiological determinants that explicate the challenges that confront African American communities. However, few researchers seem to understand the actual culture of African Americans. As such, counselors, educators, and policymakers are seemingly unable to devise and implement effective intervention strategies that appropriately attend to these endemic challenges. Thereby, explication of the historical “roots” and legacy of African American culture seems critical.
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Hasan Marwan Yahay Al Saleem. „Aspects of the Narratives of Slavery in the Afro-American Literature as Represented by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass’ Works“. Creative Launcher 6, Nr. 3 (30.08.2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.3.21.

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Harriet Ann Jacobs’ Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl (1861) and Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave (1845) are two very significant works to show slave narratives Afro-American Literature. They provide many aspects in attempting to portray the complex sufferings and different kinds of frustrations, especially that the threat to the existence of their families and their rights as human beings in American society. The works present real stories and scenes lived by both writers in that dark era. The article makes a kind of comparison between them to highlight how both sexes suffered to the same extent. Jacobs represented the female side while Douglass represented the male side of black slaves in America through their works. The article aims to shed light on the brutal effect of slave and the crimes of the racist white American people upon these vulnerable people in a society of an ideal country in which the worst forms of racism are still practiced and the murder of George Floyd’s crime is not far from us. Therefore, it is the duty of the free people of the whole world to expose these heinous acts and work to prevent them and support the oppressed.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "American crime literature"

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Marshall, Courtney Denine. „Sisters in crime black femininity, law, and literature in American culture /“. Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1971758521&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Machcinski, Kathryn F. „"Civilization is Going to Pieces": Crime, morality, and their role in The Great Gatsby“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1386665184.

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Gregoriou, Christiana. „The poetics of deviance in contemporary American crime fiction“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11826/.

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The study directly explores the three aspects of deviance that contemporary American crime fiction manipulates: linguistic, social, and generic. I conduct case studies into crime series by James Patterson, Michael Connelly and Patricia Cornwell and investigate the way in which the novelists correspondingly challenge linguistic norms, the boundaries of acceptable social behaviour, and the relevant generic conventions. The study particularly explores the nature of the figurative language employed to portray the criminal mind in Patterson, and additionally examines the moral justification of crimes from all three series using the notion of mind style. I also challenge the nature of abnormality as featured in the Connelly series, and argue that crime fiction can be seen as carnival. I name THE MONSTER, THE VAMPIRE, and THE SPOILT CHILD as contemporary criminal archetypes that feature in the genre, and additionally deal with the implications that such a classification bears for the reading of it. In an attempt to re- define the genre, I draw on family resemblance theory, the prototype approach to sense, and defamiliarisation. I argue that novelists such as Paul Auster and Philip Kerr dismember the conventions of crime fiction and defamiliarise the genre. Finally, I hold that the extent to which sub-genres such as Cornwell's forensic series evolve into new genres is a matter of reception. Deviance proves to be a term that means different things for different disciplines, and is difficult to define in the context of anyone. The language used to portray the criminal mind is seen as deviant due to the labelling of criminals as 'socially deviant'. The detectives' social abnormalities are tolerated due to these characters' labelling as ‘socially normal’. Finally, generic deviance goes hand in hand with both other forms of deviance, since character behaviour and mind styles form part of generic conventions. Key words: crime/detective fiction, carnival, Wittgenstein, Bakhtin, deviance/deviation, stylistics, genre, defamiliarisation, James Patterson, Patricia Cornwell, Michael Connelly
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Nelson, Colby David. „Literary investigations of modern American crime narratives /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9349.

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Doyle, Darrin Michael. „The Big Baby Crime Spree and Other Delusions“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155575561.

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Greenberg, Linda Margarita. „Acts of genre literary form and bodily injury in contemporary Chicana and Asian American women's literature /“. Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1723112451&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Routledge, Christopher. „Modernity and identity in the detective novels of Raymond Chandler“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388154.

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Aubert, Melanie. „"Last days of the victim": A case study in translating Argentine crime fiction“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28443.

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This thesis is based on the author's English translation of key passages of an Argentine crime novel: Jose Pablo Feinmann's Ultimos dias de la victima (1979). The thesis establishes a theoretical framework revolving around the original text and its translation. This theoretical framework examines the novel's place in the history of the crime fiction genre in Argentina, translation's role in this history, the socio-political context in which the novel was created, and the linguistic, cultural, stylistic, and interpretive challenges of its translation. Most importantly, this thesis will examine how the novel can be translated for an audience who might not be aware of the socio-political situation that provides the context for a number of interpretations of this story.
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Wholl, Douglas J. „A rational choice approach to professional crime using a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature“. [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002890.

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Di, Paolo Osvaldo. „CADÁVERES EN EL ARMARIO: EL POLICIAL PALIMPSÉSTICO EN LA LITERATURA ARGENTINA CONTEMPORÁNEA“. UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/36.

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This dissertation investigates the emergence of detective fiction and film from 1994 to the present. The corpus appears during the government of Carlos Menem and its intent to insert Argentina into a globalized economy. Poverty, insecurity and violence prevail in the Argentine society and ten detective novels, based on real-life murders, appear in 1994. Consequently, I explore each murder case, beginning with the newspaper article, and trace its transformation into short fiction, novel and/or film. The articles about the homicides follow the tendencies of the sensationalist yellow press. The writers and film directors, however, transform those stories, following and also subverting the characteristics of the classic detective fiction or the hard-boiled. In doing so, these recreations of the murder cases aim to denounce or criticize specific aspects of Argentine society: domestic violence, discrimination, stigmatization and corruption, among others.
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Bücher zum Thema "American crime literature"

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Rosemary, Herbert, Hrsg. Twelve American Crime Stories. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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1957-, Anderson George Parker, und Anderson Julie B. 1959-, Hrsg. American hard-boiled crime writers. Detroit: Gale Group, 2000.

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Ford, Jean. Forensics in American culture: Obsessed with crime. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2006.

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L, Friedland Martin, Hrsg. Rough justice: Essays on crime in literature. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991.

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Aubès, Françoise, und Florence Olivier. Le crime: Figures et figurations du crime dans les mondes hispanophones. Paris: Presses Sorbonne nouvelle, 2013.

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Pepper, Andrew. The contemporary American crime novel: Race, ethnicity, gender, class. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2000.

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Nice and Noir: Contemporary American crime fiction. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002.

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Owens, L. L. American justice: Seven famous trials of the 20th century. Logan, Iowa: Perfection Learning, 2000.

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In the shadow of the gallows: Race, crime, and American civic identity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.

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Panek, LeRoy. Probable cause: Crime fiction in America. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "American crime literature"

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Tavares-dos-Santos, José-Vicente, Enio Passiani und Julio Souto Salom. „The Novel of Violence in Latin American Literature“. In Globalization and the State in Contemporary Crime Fiction, 141–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-42573-7_8.

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Mossello, Fabián G. „Gender-Based Violence in Latin-American Neo Crime Fiction Literature“. In The Routledge Handbook of Violence in Latin American Literature, 410–20. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367520069-30.

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Varas, Patricia. „Claudia Piñeiro’s Elena Knows: How Parody in the Crime Novel Explores Disability and Feminism“. In Postmodern Parody in Latin American Literature, 149–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90430-6_7.

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Rocque, Michael, und Andrea asselle-Rocque. „Race, Crime, and Justice in American Crime“. In Crime TV, 244–60. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479804368.003.0017.

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Criminological analyses of media have long sought to understand how issues of crime and justice are portrayed and the consequences of such portrayals for public knowledge. This chapter examines a three-season series called American Crime, which explicitly focused on crime, victims, the justice system, and race/ethnicity. The purpose of the chapter is to provide an overview and assessment of the ways in which American Crime addresses issues of race, crime, and justice. We discuss four general topics that were evident across the seasons (race/ethnic prejudice, race and the law/authority, social movements and race, and immigration and crime and justice) and provide an analysis of how the portrayals comport with the literature on race, crime, and justice. Overall, the show’s depictions appear consistent with the literature, and likely offer substantial education to the viewer. However, the series could have done more to advance knowledge rather than focus on particular—somewhat rare—events for entertainment purposes.
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Gallardo-Saborido, Emilio J., und Rocío Adzo. „Crime and the City“. In Latin American Literature in Transition 1930–1980, 131–46. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009177771.009.

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„Crime, Madness, Art:“. In Madness and Irrationality in Spanish and Latin American Literature and Culture, 61–89. University of Wales Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.14491615.9.

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Von Mueller, Eddy. „The police procedural in literature and on television“. In The Cambridge Companion to American Crime Fiction, 96–109. Cambridge University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ccol9780521199377.009.

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Tochterman, Brian. „Crime and Violence; or, Hard-boiled Chronicles of Mean Streets and Their Hidden Truths“. In The City in American Literature and Culture, 218–31. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108895262.014.

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„Chapter 2. Blood Will Out: Sensationalism, Horror, and the Roots of American Crime Literature“. In Mortal Remains, 31–55. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812208061.31.

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Wang, Elise. „Epilogue“. In The Making of Felony Procedure in Middle English Literature, 140–47. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191967023.003.0007.

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Abstract This Epilogue returns with more sustained attention to the problem presented in the Introduction: felony provides the archetype for crime, but is only ever defined by its practice, which this book and other works have repeatedly shown to be contingent and capricious. In this Epilogue, I briefly trace its post-medieval conceptual history, demonstrating the resilience of the category. I suggest that the way we treat felons and felony convictions demonstrates that current American law has retained the medieval concept of felony, in which felony is an act that reveals essential villainy, not a discrete crime in itself. While several scholars have called for felony’s abolition on the grounds of its inconsistencies and cruelties, I argue that we retain it because it allows us to maintain a fiction that crime—in its most essential form—brings punishment down upon itself. The concept of felony allows us to rid our impression of the law of contingency and fallible actors, providing a fantasy of judgment perfectly clear and punishment perfectly justified.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "American crime literature"

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Mitkina, Evgenia. „QIU XIAOLONG’S NOVELS: AMERICAN DETECTIVE STORIES WITH CHINESE ROOTS“. In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.23.

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Qiu Xiaolong is an American writer born in China, but he has been living in the United States since 1988. He wrote eleven novels about Inspector Chen, who lives in Shanghai and investigates crimes committed in that city. One of the features of Qiu Xiaolong’s work is insertions of poetry. Its main character is an educated person, he writes poetry himself, translates and actively uses the Chinese poetic heritage to express feelings. The author uses the form of a detective novel to show the various problems of modern China (the period covered is from the 1990s to the present day).
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DE GOUVÊA, ALINE RUSSOMANO, LUCIMEIRE SILVA, PATRICIA MEDEIROS SILVA GRILO, EDIS BELINI JÚNIOR und GIOVANNA DA SILVA PARENTE. „COMPLICAÇÕES DA COVID-19 EM PESSOAS COM DOENÇA FALCIFORME: REVISÃO TEÓRICA“. In I Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1019.

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Introdução: A Doença Falciforme (DF), afecção genética caracterizada por anemia hemolítica crônica e inflamatória, tem a presença da Hemoglobina S e pode apresentar diferentes genótipos. Devido a fisiopatologia complexa da DF, as pessoas acometidas podem ser vulneráveis a várias infecções bacterianas e virais, por exemplo, o vírus causador da COVID-19. Objetivo: O estudo visa identificar as produções científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre as complicações da COVID-19 em indivíduos com DF. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão teórica que busca responder a questão norteadora "Quais as complicações desenvolvidas em pacientes com doença falciforme pela COVID-19?". Foram utilizados artigos nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) e Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) com os descritores "COVID-19 complications" e "sickle cell disease". Empregando-se os filtros, 61 artigos foram encontrados e destes, nove foram utilizados por se relacionarem à temática. Resultados: As pessoas com DF são afetadas por complicações pulmonares, tais como a síndrome torácica aguda, embolia pulmonar e pneumonia. A disfunção endotelial, como consequência da oclusão vascular e polimerização da Hb S, bem como a expressão anormal de pró-coagulantes, conferem maior risco de tromboinflamação, sendo a crise de dor um dos sintomas mais frequente. Destaca-se o elevado risco de sepse devido ao hipoesplenismo, tornando os pacientes vulneráveis a infecções bacterianas sobrepostas. Conclusão: Não foram identificados dados que comprovem maior mortalidade nas pessoas com DF em decorrência da COVID-19, embora haja sugestões, o que evidencia a necessidade de abrangência em estudos. O aprofundamento em pesquisas científicas, irá permitir o detalhamento e compreensão da infecção nesse grupo de pacientes acometidos pela DF e melhorar o manejo clínico baseado em evidência.
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Silva, Mariana do Socorro Quaresma, und Mariana Quaresma Silva. „Políticas públicas no controle do vírus da imunodeficiência humana/aids: uma revisão de literatura“. In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p268.

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Introdução: A síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (aids) é causada pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana, cujos primeiros casos positivos notificados no Brasil datam do início dos anos 1980, quando tiveram início políticas públicas que visam a prevenção de novos casos e o tratamento daqueles já existentes. Objetivo: Revisar e discutir as políticas públicas de saúde para pessoas que vivem com vírus da imunodeficiência humana/aids. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura acerca das políticas voltadas para pessoas que vivem com vírus da imunodeficiência humana/aids, com coleta de dados realizada no período de 05 a 20 de abril de 2021 nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, National Library of Medicine e Scientific Eletronic Library Online. Critérios de inclusão: artigos correlatos ao tema publicados entre 2016 e 2020. Critérios de exclusão: artigos concernentes ao tema, entretanto fora da área proposta. Resultados: Foram encontrados 32 artigos; após o critério de exclusão, resultaram em 15 artigos, que abordam as políticas públicas ao longo do tempo e fazem referência ao primeiro documento do Ministério da Saúde com orientação sobre a aids, à criação do primeiro programa para controle de aids do Ministério da Saúde, à distribuição gratuita de medicamentos, à importância do papel da sociedade civil nas políticas e ao papel das universidades e secretarias para a construção e fortalecimento dos centros de referência para pessoas que vivem com vírus da imunodeficiência humana/aids. Conclusão: Ao longo do tempo percebemos avanços e retrocessos acerca das políticas, os quais são diretamente influenciados pelo cenário político e pelo desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico do país. Períodos de crise política e econômica impactam na produção científica e resultam em cortes de gastos nas áreas da saúde e da educação, o que prejudica a execução das políticas.
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Farrelly, Kyra, Jasmine Turna, Emma Marsden, Molly Scarfe, Peter Najdzionek, Jeffrey Wardell und James MacKillop. „The Good, The Bad, and The Uncertain: A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Recreational Cannabis Legalization“. In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.45.

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Background: Recreational cannabis legalization has become more prevalent over the past decade, with recreational cannabis now legal in 13 U.S. states and nationally in Uruguay, Canada, and Malta. At the same time, there is evidence for increasing rates of cannabis use and consequences from use (i.e., crime and motor vehicle accidents) among some age groups, particularly in North America. Thus, it is crucial to understand the role of recreational legalization on person-level outcomes, such as cannabis consumption and health-outcomes. Previous reviews have focused on outcomes in the U.S., but there remains a need for a broader international evaluation of the effect of legalization. Additionally, there is a dearth of reviews examining recreational cannabis legalization as past literature has focused more attention on medical cannabis legalization. The current review examined the role of recreational cannabis legalization on a variety of person-centered outcomes to understand if the consequences of legalization. Method: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria involved: empirical quantitative research, article available in English, a research design evaluating the impact of recreational cannabis legalization (e.g., pre vs. post), and person-level cannabis use, and/or clinical outcomes included as dependent variables (opposed to outcomes such as changes in the price or potency of cannabis). Two individuals independently coded studies for eligibility and extracted information. The search revealed 69 studies that met criteria for inclusion. Results: Our search revealed five main categories of outcomes associated with recreational cannabis legalization: cannabis and substance use behaviors, health-care impacts, attitudes surrounding cannabis, crime-related outcomes, and driving-related outcomes. The studies were predominantly cross-sectional designs and most took place within the U.S. The extant literature revealed inconsistencies surrounding the role of recreational legalization. In the case of cannabis use behaviours, there was mixed evidence for different subpopulations. For example, legalization was associated with increased cannabis use for college samples, but there were inconsistent findings for adolescents. Additionally, some studies pointed towards negative consequences associated with legalization, such as increased cannabis use in clinical populations and increased cannabis-related healthcare visits. Other studies suggested no impact of legalization through either no change in examined outcomes or heterogenous conclusions (e.g., cannabis-related attitudes). Finally, there was also evidence of positive consequences for recreational legalization, such as decreased drug-related arrests and cigarette use. Conclusions: Overall, the balance of research suggests there is no clear support for any large magnitude person-level impact of recreational cannabis legalization. This review indicates that more conclusive evidence regarding the impact of recreational legalization is still required and reveals a need for more longitudinal study designs with longer-term follow-ups as well as studies from a broader range of geographic jurisdictions. As recreational cannabis legalization becomes implemented globally, a systematic evaluation of the outcomes associated with enactment is of increasing relevance.
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Marques, Pamela Amanda da Silva, Lorena Iza Penna Moura, Rocio Fernandez Santos Viniegra, Luiza Terezinha Precioso de Almeida, Amanda Bahia Pereira da Silva und Aluísio Gomes da Silva. „Análise do comportamento e da resiliência dos serviços de saúde de atendimento à mulher no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 — revisão de literatura“. In 47º Congresso da SGORJ e Trocando Ideias XXVI. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-2965-3711-2023133s1009.

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Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento e a resiliência dos serviços de saúde dedicados à mulher no contexto da pande-mia de COVID-19, identificando como esses serviços foram afetados e quais estratégias foram utilizadas para enfrentar a crise de saúde. Fonte de dados:Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), utilizando-se os descritores “resi-liência”, “saúde da mulher”, “ginecologia”, “obstetrícia”, “COVID-19” e “pan-demia”, em português e inglês, abrangendo os anos de 2020 a 2022. Coleta de dados: Dos 104 artigos selecionados, 9 estavam duplicados, 49 foram excluí-dos após a leitura dos títulos e resumos, e 3 foram excluídos após a leitura completa. Os 43 artigos incluídos foram agrupados em 4 temas de análise: conceito de resiliência, fatores de risco e proteção da resiliência na população feminina, impacto do COVID-19 na saúde e bem-estar da mulher, e impacto do COVID-19 nos serviços de saúde de atendimento à mulher. Este trabalho dedicou-se à análise dos 21 artigos relacionados aos sistemas de saúde que abordam a população feminina. Resultados: Predominaram estudos originá-rios da América do Norte (7) e do continente africano (8), com foco na saúde materno-infantil. Observa-se redução na oferta, no acesso e na utilização dos serviços de saúde feminina no âmbito global, devido ao lockdown, à falta de transporte, a problemas financeiros e à falta de suporte suficiente, resultando em consequências graves para as mulheres. Constatou-se certo grau de resi-liência por parte dos serviços, que utilizaram diversas estratégias para adequar seu funcionamento. No entanto, a maioria dos artigos abordou o conceito de resiliência de forma superficial. Conclusão: Este estudo indicou prejuízos no cuidado à saúde da mulher durante a pandemia de COVID-19, com respos-tas adaptativas de alguns serviços na intenção de suprir as demandas mais urgentes, representando resiliência variável nos serviços analisados nos arti-gos. Esta análise serve como estímulo para novos estudos sobre a resiliência dos serviços direcionados à saúde da mulher, levando-se em consideração as vulnerabilidades e as especificidades dessa população.
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Silva, Claudia Edlaine da, und Matheus Henrique Oliveira Da Silva. „A PRÁTICA DA PSICOLOGIA NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS“. In II Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1422.

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Introdução: O processo de inserção da psicologia nas políticas públicas e, especialmente, no campo da saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) proporcionou ao psicólogo outras práticas clínicas para além do consultório. O profissional de psicologia, no campo da saúde pública, compõe o Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF), criado visando aumentar o acesso e a qualidade da Atenção Básica (AB). Objetivos: buscou-se compreender os avanços e desafios existentes na prática da Psicologia na AB. Material e métodos: Este estudo apresenta uma revisão integrativa de literatura. O levantamento bibliográfico foi feito nas bases de dados MEDLINE (Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde) e LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências de Saúde). Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos completos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, indexados nos referidos bancos de dados e que contemplassem o objetivo do estudo. Resultados: A partir da análise do material encontrado, destaca-se que a prática do psicólogo nesse campo tem sido marcada pelo uso do modelo clínico tradicional e pelo apoio prestado a ESF, através do matriciamento. Alguns desafios podem ser encontrados nessa área, dentre eles: dificuldades em transpor o modelo clínico tradicional na prática, em decorrência da formação profissional; a falta de conhecimento sobre as políticas públicas; e as dificuldades da atuação pela interdisciplinaridade e pela intersetorialidade. Conclusão: Diante disso, durante a graduação, os estágios supervisionados em Psicologia configuram-se como um instrumento importante para auxiliar a promover a modificação paradigmática do lugar do psicólogo na AB, além de expandirem as conexões entre a universidade, a comunidade e os serviços de saúde. Os estudos investigados apontam para que a Psicologia pense, crie, adeque e aprimore novas e/ou antigas formas de atuação na AB, visando resgatar a cidadania dos usuários e invalidar as barreiras institucionais. Entende-se, ainda, que a psicologia precisa repensar a constituição de um novo tipo de fazer clínico para sua atuação na AB, na qual a coletividade tem a sua produção própria de subjetividade, diferenciada das clínicas e consultórios.
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Caldas, João Victor Jacomele, Lúcia Carla Polaco Covre, Luana Pelicioni Rangel Braga, Letícia Toso Alves, Danielle de Oliveira Machado, Hans Alberto Toledo de Fonseca, Mayara Emerick dos Santos Jacomele, Helena Lúcia Barroso dos Reis und Neide Aparecida Tosato Boldrini. „Abortamento previsto em lei em hospital universitário entre março de 2018 a setembro de 2020“. In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p210.

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Introdução: Apesar de o aborto no Brasil não ser considerado crime nos casos de risco de vida materno e em casos de estupro desde 1940, e mais recentemente em casos de anencefalia, muitas mulheres encontram barreiras no sistema jurídico e assistencial para realização do aborto, mesmo nos casos previstos em lei. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico e sociodemográfico das mulheres submetidas à interrupção legal da gestação em hospital universitário entre março de 2018 e setembro de 2020 em Vitória (ES). Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva com revisão de prontuários de todas as pacientes que tiveram interrupção da gravidez por razões legais. Foram excluídas pacientes que sofreram aborto espontâneo e pacientes que levaram gestação a termo, mesmo nos casos de estupro ou fetos anencéfalos. Resultados: Foram encontradas 39 pacientes, sendo 22 gestações interrompidas por serem frutos de violência sexual e 17 de fetos anencéfalos. A média de idade gestacional no momento do abortamento foi de 16 semanas e 6 dias. Dezoito pacientes eram primíparas. A média de idade foi 24,5 anos, tendo três delas 14 anos. Seis pacientes apresentaram intercorrências. Foram encontrados dois testes rápidos de sífilis positivos, sendo eles nas pacientes com fetos anencéfalos. Conclusão: Os resultados condizem com a literatura ao detalhar uma população vulnerável. Constatou-se, neste estudo, tratar-se de uma população jovem, de primíparas, de solteiras e com baixa escolaridade. Ter um perfil detalhado dessas gestantes é de suma importância para planejamentos de políticas públicas para conduzir adequadamente e de forma humanizada as pacientes que apresentam essa demanda.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "American crime literature"

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Blyde, Juan S., Matías Busso und Ana María Ibáñez. The Impact of Migration in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review of Recent Evidence. Inter-American Development Bank, Oktober 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002866.

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This paper summarizes recent evidence on the effects of migration on a variety of outcomes including labor markets, education, health, crime and prejudice, international trade, assimilation, family separation, diaspora networks, and return migration. Given the lack of studies looking at migration flows between developing countries, this paper contributes to fill a gap in the literature by providing evidence of the impact of South - South migration in general and for the Latin American countries in particular. The evidence highlighted in this summary provides useful insights for designing policies to leverage the developmental outcomes of migration while limiting its potential negative effects.
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Micco, Alejandro, und Natalia Pérez. Determinants of Maritime Transport Costs. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011324.

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Recent literature has emphasized the importance of transport costs and infrastructure in explaining trade, access to markets, and increases in per capita income. For most Latin American countries, transport costs are a greater barrier to U.S. markets than import tariffs. The authors investigate the determinants of shipping costs to the U.S. with a large database of more than 300,000 observations per year on shipments of products at the six-digit HS level from different ports around the world. In addition, the authors find that efficiency of ports is an important determinant of shipping costs. Inefficient ports also increase handling costs, which are one of the components of shipping costs. The authors try to explain variations in port efficiency and find that they are linked to excessive regulation, the prevalence of organized crime, and the general condition of the country's infrastructure. Finally, the authors present a number of success stories in Latin America to show that private involvement in port management leads to efficiency and lower costs whenever it is accompanied by labor reform, and when monopoly power is reduced through either regulation or competition.
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Ruiz-Vega, Mauricio, Ana Corbacho und Julia Philipp. Crime and Erosion of Trust: Evidence for Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011406.

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Crime has tangible economic costs. It also has less understood and likely sizable intangible costs. In particular, widespread crime has the potential to weaken trust between citizens and institutions, undermine government reform efforts, and become an obstacle to development. Yet, the impact of crime on trust remains relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper analyzes the potential interrelationship between individual victimization and several measures of trust, including trust in formal public institutions and trust in informal private networks. It is based on a representative sample of individuals in 19 countries in Latin America. The empirical strategy is intended to mitigate overt biases and assess sensitivity to hidden biases. The results show that victimization has a substantial negative effect on trust in the local police but no robust effect on informal institutions. Governments may henceforth need to redouble efforts to reduce victimization and the resulting erosion of trust in public institutions.
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Pousadela, Inés M. What Works in the Criminal Justice System (And What Doesn't): A 2000-11 Update on Policing, Courts, and Corrections. Inter-American Development Bank, Juli 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008442.

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As crime has become a serious cause of concern in most of Latin America, the "nothing works" era in criminal justice has given way to a shift towards evidence-based crime prevention in North America and Europe. The program evaluations conducted so far have yielded growing knowledge about what works, what does not work and what is promising, especially regarding recidivism outcomes. However, policymaking in Latin America remains ignorant to the available evidence, and most crime prevention policies, practices and programs are still being based on tradition, opinions, ideology, trends and anecdotal evidence rather than scientifically validated studies. On the basis of a review of the current literature on evidence-based crime prevention and an extensive search, analysis and systematization of the most recent program evaluations in policing, courts and corrections, this paper summarizes a series of lessons for Latin America and proposes a research and policy agenda for the region.
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Ramírez Rodríguez, Santiago, Yuri Soares und Chloe Fevre. Approach Paper: Violence and Crime Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean: Operational and Strategic Evaluations of the IDB's Contribution 2012-2013. Inter-American Development Bank, März 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010421.

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In 2012, OVE will undertake an in-depth comparative review of five citizen security projects with the objective of drawing practical lessons on what works best in the design and implementation of inter-agency, multi-level, and participatory operations to lessen crime and violence in the region. Building on these findings, in 2013 OVE will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of crime and violence prevention at the IDB to investigate the strategic positioning of the institution in the area. The 2012 study will use the standard OECD-DAC guiding framework of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability. Each of the five case studies will combine a comprehensive review of literature, a desk review of project documentation, semi-structured interviews of stakeholders, and a review of existing data on results.
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Crime and Violence Prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from IDB's Interventions. Inter-American Development Bank, Oktober 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010505.

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As part of its duties, OVE regularly conducts ex post evaluations of the activities financed by the Bank. In this case, OVE is conducting an evaluation of the first generation of citizen security projects, approved before October 2009. These projects predate the Guidelines for Program Design and Execution in the Area of Civic Coexistence and Public Safety (GN-2535). The objective of the evaluation is primarily to assess these projects' contribution to the reduction of crime and violence in the countries in which they have been operating. A secondary objective is to determine their contribution to the knowledge on what is effective for reducing crime and violence. The evaluation methodology has two elements: First, whenever feasible, statistical analyses are conducted to measure the impact of the projects. Second, evaluability analyses are used to determine the projects' ex ante degree of evaluability. These two elements are combined and complemented with a brief review of the relevant literature to place the projects in the broader context of the discipline and come to a final evaluation of their contribution.
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