Zeitschriftenartikel: „Aluminosilicates de calcium“

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Loganina, Valentina Ivanovna, Ludmila V. Makarova, Roman V. Tarasov und Anton D. Ryzhov. „The Limy Composite Binder with the Use of the Synthesized Aluminosilicates“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 662 (Oktober 2014): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.662.11.

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The information about the structure and properties of the synthesized nanodisperse additive based on the aluminosilicates of calcium, intended for the production of limy dry construction mixes are provided. It is shown that the mineral composition of an additive is presented by crystal types of hydroxides of aluminum (bayerite and boyhmite) and the nanostructured amorphous aluminosilicate of calcium. It is established that the additive based on the aluminosilicates accelerates the process of hardening of limy compositions.

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Abdulvaliyev, Rinat, Nazym Akhmadiyeva, Sergey Gladyshev, Nazira Samenova, Olga Kolesnikova und Olimpiada Mankesheva. „Behavior of Calcium Compounds under Hydrothermal Conditions during Alkaline Leaching of Aluminosilicates with the Synthesis of Fillers for Composites“. Journal of Composites Science 7, Nr. 12 (05.12.2023): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7120508.

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Calcium oxide plays an important role in alumina production by binding SiO2 from aluminosilicate raw materials (bauxite, nepheline, kaolinite, etc.) in aluminum-free compounds. The efficiency of the hydrochemical technology depends on the activities of calcium oxide or its compounds introduced into the alkaline aluminosilicate slurry. In this paper, we considered the effects of different calcium compounds (calcium carbonate CaCO3, gypsum CaSO4·H2O, calcium oxide CaO and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2), introduced during the hydrothermal stripping of aluminosilicates with alkaline solutions, on the degree of aluminum oxide extraction, with the subsequent production of fillers for composites. Ca(OH)2 was obtained by the CaO quenching method. Extraction of Al2O3 in an alkaline solution was only possible with Ca(OH)2, and the degree of extraction depended on the conditions used for CaO quenching. The effects of temperature and of the duration of CaO quenching on particle size were investigated. In potassium solution, the best results for Al2O3 extraction were obtained using CaSO4·H2O gypsum. The obtained solutions were processed using the crystallization method.

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Jiang, Fengrui, Laifei Cheng, Yiguang Wang und Xuanxuan Huang. „Calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate corrosion of barium–strontium aluminosilicates with different strontium content“. Ceramics International 43, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.138.

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Morozova, Alla G., Tatiana M. Lonzinger, Vadim A. Skotnikov, Gennady G. Mikhailov, Yury Kapelyushin, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Amal Alqahtani et al. „Insights into Sorption–Mineralization Mechanism for Sustainable Granular Composite of MgO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 Based on Nanosized Adsorption Centers and Its Effect on Aqueous Cu(II) Removal“. Nanomaterials 12, Nr. 1 (30.12.2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010116.

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Although copper is needed for living organisms at low concentrations, it is one of the pollutants that should be monitored along with other heavy metals. A novel and sustainable composite mineralizing sorbent based on MgO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 with nanosized adsorption centers was synthesized using natural calcium–magnesium carbonates and clay aluminosilicates for copper sorption. An organometallic modifier was added as a temporary binder and a source of inovalent ions participating in the reactions of defect formation and activated sintering. The sorbent-mineralizer samples of specified composition and properties showed irreversible sorption of Cu2+ ions by the ion exchange reactions Ca2+ ↔ Cu2+ and Mg2+ ↔ Cu2+. The topochemical reactions of the ion exchange 2OH− → CO32−, 2OH− → SO42− and CO32− → SO42− occurred at the surface with formation of the mixed calcium–copper carbonates and sulfates structurally connected with aluminosilicate matrix. The reverse migration of ions to the environment is blocked by the subsequent mineralization of the newly formed interconnected aluminosilicate and carbonate structures.

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Hoyle, Susan L., und Michael W. Grutzeck. „Incorporation of Cesium by Hydrating Calcium Aluminosilicates“. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1989): 1938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06004.x.

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Loganina, Valentina Ivanovna, Kristina Vladimirovna Zhegera und Maria Anatolyevna Svetalkina. „Additive Based on Synthetic Aluminosilicates for Dry Lime Construction Mixtures“. Physchem 3, Nr. 1 (15.03.2023): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physchem3010013.

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The possibility of increasing the durability of coatings based on lime dry construction mix by introducing an additive containing synthetic aluminosilicates is substantiated. The regularities of the structure formation of the lime composite in the presence of an additive containing synthetic aluminosilicates, which additionally consists of a formation of calcium–sodium hydrosilicates and minerals of the zeolite group, an increase in the amount of chemically bound lime by 8.74%, are revealed. X-ray diffraction analysis and thermodynamic calculations have established that the mineralogical composition of the crystalline phase of the additive based on synthetic aluminosilicates is represented by thenardite, gibbsite, and the minerals of the zeolite group. It is shown that the content of the amorphous phase is 77.5%. It was found that the additive based on synthetic aluminosilicates is characterized by high activity, which is more than 350 mg/g. It was also found that the introduction of an additive based on synthetic aluminosilicates into the formulation of a lime dry mixture accelerates the curing of coatings and increases the compressive strength after 28 days of air-dry hardening by 1.9 times.

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Gordienko, P. S., I. A. Shabalin, S. B. Yarusova, A. P. Suponina und I. G. Zhevtun. „Sorption of cesium ions by nanostructured calcium aluminosilicates“. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 90, Nr. 10 (18.09.2016): 2022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024416100125.

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Daniil, Andreana, George P. Dimitrakopulos, Savvas Varitis, George Vourlias, George Kaimakamis, Erasmia Pantazopoulou, Eleni Pavlidou, Anastasios I. Zouboulis, Theodoros Karakostas und Philomela Komninou. „Stabilization of Cr-rich tannery waste in fly ash matrices“. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, Nr. 9 (31.05.2018): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18775488.

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In the present work, the stabilization/solidification of a Cr-rich ash obtained from the anoxic incineration of tannery hazardous wastes was studied. Chromium in the starting waste was exclusively in amorphous form and in trivalent state. The waste was embedded in fly ash-based cementitious material matrices. Calcium and sodium hydroxides, as well as sodium silicate, were used as activators. The proposed process combines mechanical activation with hydrothermal curing. Successful immobilization of chromium was achieved, as attested by standard leaching tests. Backscattered electron images revealed the existence of the C-S-H gel, and elemental mapping by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed a good interdispersion of chromate and aluminosilicate species, verifying that chromium was well distributed in the final amorphous cementitious matrix. X-ray diffraction confirmed the absence of Cr-rich crystalline phases of calcium aluminosilicates, where chromium can enter in hexavalent state. The stiffness of the stabilized samples was reduced with increasing the amount of added Cr-rich ash, as attested by measurements of the dynamic Young’s modulus.

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Kozhuhova, N. I., I. V. Zhernovsky, M. I. Kozhukhova und E. V. Voitovich. „Correlation of Quality Assessment Methods of Class F Fly as for Synthesis of Geopolymers“. Materials Science Forum 974 (Dezember 2019): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.61.

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The demand of highly effective aluminosilicates such as class F fly ash for use in geopolymer synthesis initiated a strong scientific interest for a design of the quality assessment methods. At the same time, the existing assessment methods apparently differ in key parameters which determine the quality of aluminosilicate. This research was focused on determination of relationship between the key parameters of different assessment methods for different types of low-calcium fly ash with high portion of vitreous phase. The insoluble aluminosilicate portion in fly ash that remained after treatment in aggressive acidic media followed by high-temperature treatment at 1000 °C (or the parameter α) was measured in this study. The experimental data showed a very low correlation (R2=0.34) between parameter α and compressive strength of the fly-ash based geopolymer paste. The correlation factors between such genetic parameters of fly ash as portion of vitreous phase (C), SiO2-bonding degree in vitreous phase (fSi) and parameter α demonstrated dramatically different values: R2 (С-α)=0.01; R2(fSi-α)=0.71; R2 (С-fSi)=0.0, respectively.

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Śnieżek, Edyta, Maciej Ludwig und Jacek Szczerba. „Formation Mechanism of Gehlenite-Anorthite Materials Containing ZrO₂ from Andalusite, CaCO₃ and ZrO₂“. Key Engineering Materials 788 (November 2018): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.788.120.

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This paper reports the results of using natural andalusite (Al2SiO5) in combination with CaCO3 and ZrO2 in order to obtain aluminosilicate product. This work was devoted to the study of the mechanism of new phases creation in the Al2SiO5-CaO-ZrO2 phase system during heating at different temperatures (1000, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400°C). Al2SiO5, CaCO3, and ZrO2 were used in a weight ratio of 45:50:5, respectively. According to the phase composition and chemical analysis in microareas, it was found, that andalusite reacted with CaO giving two calcium aluminosilicates: gehlenite and anorthite at 1400°C. ZrO2 was presented as the separated phase at this temperature. Other occurring transition phases were: CaZrO3 at 1000 and 1200°C, Ca2SiO4 at 1000, 1100 and 1200°C, Ca3ZrSi2O9 at 1300°C. The synthesis mostly depended on the diffusion of Ca2+ ions.

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Tribushevskiy, I. V., B. M. Nemenenok, G. V. Rumiantseva und M. A. Kulik. „EXTRA-FURNACE STEEL PROCESSING BY RECYCLED SECONDARY ALUMINUM WASTE“. Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), Nr. 1 (06.04.2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-100-105.

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The paper presents the results of research on the use of recycled aluminum waste (RAW) during extra-furnace steel processing in ladle refining furnace. It has been established that simultaneously with the deoxidation of refining slags before desulfurization of steel, their liquid mobility increases, which eliminates the need for using fluorspar for these purposes.A thermodynamic analysis of possible reactions of formation of aluminates and calcium aluminosilicates in the refining slag has been carried out. It has been suggested that the cause of thinning of refining slags from the addition of RAW is the formation of a number of low-melting eutectics containing aluminates and calcium aluminosilicates. The composition of briquettes based on RAW for liquefaction of refining slags is proposed. Dependence of the friability and breaking load of briquettes on the content of CaO, the temperature and drying time is established. The data on the composition and properties of the refining slag after treatment with a diluent based on RAW are given.

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Morozova, A., T. Lonzinger, V. Skotnikov, M. Sudarikov, P. Lonzinger und A. Morozov. „Influence of the chemical prehistory of the sorbent-mineralizer on the process of its carbonization in aqueous environments“. Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Chemistry" 15, Nr. 2 (2023): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/chem230211.

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The ability of a sorbent-mineralizer to irreversibly bind carbon dioxide in both fresh and sea water by forming chemically and thermally stable carbonate structural forms based on melilite Ca2[Al2Mg,Si]Si2O7 has been discovered. The influence of the chemical prehistory of the sorbent-mineralizer on the process of its carbonization in aqueous media has been revealed. It has been shown that the CO32– groups in the composition of the original sorbent-mineralizer are the primary active centers in the surface phase formation of carbonized calcium and magnesium aluminosilicates in aqueous media. It has been established that the thermal stability of the struc-ture of carbonized calcium and magnesium aluminosilicates is retained after heating to 1000 °C. The formation of carbonized calcium and magnesium hydroaluminosilicates in sea water is ac-companied by an increase in pH, which characterizes the ability of the sorbent-mineralizer to regulate the acid-base balance and maintain the carbonate balance in the hydrosphere. In addition to irreversible binding of CO2, in sea water the sorbent-mineralizer exhibits the ability to irreversibly adsorb the impurity cations, such as Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, as well as phosphorus

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Gordienko, P. S., S. B. Yarusova, I. A. Shabalin und V. A. Dostovalov. „Sorption Properties of Nanostructured Calcium Aluminosilicate with Respect to Cesium Ions“. Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.518.

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Long–lived 134Cs and 137Cs isotopes with half-cycle of 2.06 and 30 years respectively refer to the most dangerous and wide-spread radionuclides in ecological facilities. The efficient way of removing cesium radioisotopes from the living environment is to bind them into the compounds insoluble in water. This paper presents the findings on the sorption properties of synthetic nanostructured calcium aluminosilicates (CAS) with AI:Si correlation equal to 2:2, 2:6, 2:10 and obtained in CaCI2—AICI3—КОН--SiO2—H2O multiple-component system. An isotherm investigation of cesium ion sorption produced from aqueous solution with Cs+1 from 0.2 till 6.0 mmol/L-1 concentration was carried out. Maximum sorption capacity of calcium aluminosilicates (CAS) as well as Langmuir constant was defined. The kinetics data was received and the activation energy of cation exchange in the process of sorption was estimated. The impact of 1% КCI + 6% NaCI saline background on the values of interfacial distribution coefficient (Kd) and recovery rate of cesium ions were determined.

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Lomer, Miranda C. E., Richard P. H. Thompson und Jonathan J. Powell. „Fine and ultrafine particles of the diet: influence on the mucosal immune response and association with Crohn’s disease“. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, Nr. 1 (Februar 2002): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2001134.

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Crohn’s disease is a modern Western disease characterised by transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is of unknown aetiology, but evidence suggests that it results from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Bacterial-sized microparticles (0·1–1·0 µm) are potent adjuvants in model antigen-mediated immune responses and are increasingly associated with disease. Microparticles of TiO2 and aluminosilicate accumulate in macrophages of human gut-associated lymphoid tissue where the earliest signs of lesions in Crohn’s disease are observed. Dietary microparticles are of endogenous or exogenous origin. Endogenous microparticles dominate and are calcium phosphate (most probably hydroxyapatite), which precipitates in the lumen of the mid-distal gastrointestinal tract due to secretion of Ca and phosphate in the succus entericus. Exogenous dietary microparticles are contaminants (soil and/or dust) and food additives. TiO2, for example, is a food colourant, and aluminosilicates are anti-caking agents, although some aluminosilicates occur as natural contaminants. Food additives alone account for ingestion of approximately 1012 particles/person per d. Possible mechanisms for the role of exogenous and endogenous dietary microparticles in promoting toleragenic or immune responses of gastrointestinal mucosal phagocytosis are discussed. In a double-blind randomised pilot study we have shown that a diet low in Ca and exogenous microparticles appears to alleviate the symptoms of ileal Crohn’s disease, with a significant (P = 0·002) improvement in the Crohn’s disease activity index. A multi-centre trial and further mechanistic studies at the cellular level are underway.

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SATO, Katsuya, Seizo YAMAGUCHI, Takashi NEMIZU, Satoru FUJITA, Kenzi SUZUKI und Toshiaki MORI. „Calcium Aluminosilicates as a New Material with Oxygen Storage Capacity“. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 115, Nr. 1342 (2007): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.115.370.

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Kalinkin, A. M., E. V. Kalinkina, O. A. Zalkind und V. N. Makarov. „CO2 Sorption during Mechanical Activation of Sodium and Calcium Aluminosilicates“. Inorganic Materials 41, Nr. 5 (Mai 2005): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10789-005-0156-3.

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Agayeva, Z. R., S. S. Bayramova, S. Z. Ahmadova, S. G. Mamedova und E. E. Jabarov. „STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF ROCKS AND VARIOUS DEPOSITS ON SOIL PRODUCTIVITY“. Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, Nr. 1 (22.02.2024): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2024-1-127-133.

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The article indicate the results of investigate on treatment of the ecological state of the soil. It is shown that carrying out various agrotechnical and reclamation measures improves ecological situation agricultural land and contributes to obtaining environmentally friendly and plentiful harvests , however, much attention is paid to the use of mineral fertilizers. It is noted that, applied in large quantities, mineral fertilizers cause great harm to the ecological state of the soil. An overview of various soil additive improvers used as soil leavening agents, such as coarse sand, fine, gravel and expanded clay, broken red brick, perlite, vermiculite, bentonite clay, zeolites, and other aluminosilicates. Whereas that at present, environmentally friendly natural aluminosilicates are used quite often as a reagent that improves the ecological state of the soil. Solid rocks - aluminosilicates, most suitable as an additional source of useful minerals such as calcium, magnesium and potassium, etc., while reducing the swelling capacity of the soil, improving the water capacity and absorption capacity and able to weaken the transition of mineral x fertilizer into a state of difficult to digest soil oh.

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Novikov, D. A., Yu G. Kopylova, A. V. Chernykh, F. F. Dultsev, A. N. Pyryaev, A. A. Khvashchevskaya, L. A. Nichkova, G. A. Sigora und T. A. Yakhin. „New Data on Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Composition of Natural Waters of the Baidar Valley (Crimean Peninsula)“. Russian Geology and Geophysics 62, Nr. 12 (01.12.2021): 1401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204180.

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Abstract —Results of study of natural waters of the Baidar valley (southwestern Crimean Peninsula) obtained during the 2018–2019 field works are presented. Major groundwater resources of the study area are confined to the Upper Jurassic aquifer complex, which serves as a recharge source for the aquifer systems of the Plain Crimean and the Azov–Kuban’ artesian basins and hydrogeologic folded region of the Crimean Mountains mega-anticlinorium. The regional waters are fresh and ultrafresh, predominantly of calcium bicarbonate composition, with TDS varying from 208 to 1269 mg/dm3. The study enabled their classification into eight geochemical groups: (1) waters of a regional fracture zone in carbonate-terrigenous rocks affected by continental salinization; (2) waters of a regional fracture zone affected by leaching of aluminosilicates and sulfide oxidation; (3) waters of a regional fracture zone dominated by sodium aluminosilicates in the fracture filling (long-term interaction in the water–rock system), affected by continental salinization; (4) regional fracture zones dominated by sodium aluminosilicates affected by anthropogenic continental salinization; (5) groundwaters in fracture–vein aquifers affected by leaching of aluminosilicates and sulfide oxidation; (6) fracture–vein aquifers affected by leaching of sodium aluminosilicates (long-term interaction in the water–rock system); (7) waters in fractured karst aquifers; and (8) surface waters subjected to continental salinization. Fracture karst waters, which were found to be most protected against human impact and continental salinization processes, are slightly alkaline (pH = 7.7), fresh (with average TDS = 444 mg/dm3), with low silicon concentrations (2.23 mg/dm3), and of calcium bicarbonate composition. Waters residing in regional fracture and fracture–vein zones are affected by continental salinization and anthropogenic load and are neutral to alkaline (pH = 7.1–8.6), predominantly fresh (TDS = 269–1269 mg/dm3), with average silicon concentrations of 4.61–4.70 mg/dm3, of calcium bicarbonate composition, with high concentrations of sulfate ion, magnesium, and sodium. The waters of the Chernaya River, Chernorechensk reservoir, and lakes, which are also affected by continental salinization, are slightly alkaline (pH = 8.3), brackish (TDS = 207–364 mg/dm3), with an average silicon concentration of 1.18 mg/dm3, of calcium bicarbonate composition, with high concentrations of chlorine ion, magnesium, and sodium. The calculated intensity of chemical-element migration in waters of the background composition follows the descending order: very strong, I17.7 > Br14.4; strong, Se2.83 > B2.22 > Sr1.46 > Sb1.12 > Be1.07 > Hg1.06; moderately strong, Zn0.74 > Mo0.50 > Li0.46 > Sc0.41 > Ag0.18 > As0.16 > Si0.123 > Ba0.122; weak, Cr0.10 > Cu0.096 > Bi0.080 > Sn0.068 > Tl0.067 > P0.062 > Ni0.043 > Ta0.040 > Ge0.034 > Cd0.028 > Fe0.026 > Rb0.024 > Co0.023 > Pb0.020 > W0.017 > V0.012; very weak (inert), Nb0.008 > Hf0.0033 > Mn0.0031 > La0.0029 > Cs0.0022 > Ti0.0018 > Ga0.0016 > Y0.0013 > Al0.0008 > Zr0.0008. All the studied waters are found to be of atmospheric origin and located along the global (GMWL) and local (LMWL) meteoric water lines. Their δ18O value varies from –9.9 to –3.3‰, and δD value, from –64.2 to –32.5‰. Sedimentary carbonate rocks, atmospheric carbon dioxide, organic compounds, and hydrolysis of aluminosilicate minerals serve as the source of δ13C bicarbonate ion in natural waters of the Baidar valley. Surface waters have a heavier carbon isotope composition (δ13C = –9.2 to –6.2‰), which is due to atmospheric CO2, plant growth, and associated microbial activity. Fracture karst waters are characterized by a lighter carbon isotope composition (δ13C = –12.8 to –11.0‰) because of their interaction with dispersed organic matter. Waters of the regional fracture and fracture–vein zones display the widest variation in δ13C (–15.5 to –6.9‰), which is associated with a mixed type of “isotope supply” to the waters. A complex hydrogeochemical field that has formed in the Baidar valley tends to be increasingly affected by the anthropogenic factor.

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Mikhailov, G. G., A. G. Morozova und T. M. Lonzinger. „Titanium-Containing Composite Sorbent-Photocatalyst Based on Calcium Silicates and Aluminosilicates“. Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.52.

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It has been established that the semiconducting properties and the hydraulic activity of the silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and titanium-containing solid solutions based on them cause simultaneous manifestation of their sorption and photocatalytic properties with mutually reinforcing effect. It is shown that a sharp increase in the rate of degradation of the indicator under the impact of ultraviolet radiation is due not only to its activating function, but also to secondary redox centers being generated in the aquatic environment and to the participation of charged point defects (electrons and holes).

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Zhegera, Ch V., und Irina Sergeevna Pyshkina. „Applications of Calcium Hydrosilicates and Amorphous Aluminosilicates in Lime Dry Mixes“. Solid State Phenomena 284 (Oktober 2018): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.905.

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Information is given on the possibility of using additives based on calcium hydrosilicates synthesized using diatomite and amorphous aluminosilicates as modifying dry mortar in the formulation. The data of the analysis of mineralogical composition of the investigated additives are given, the influence of additives on the change in the plastic strength of the lime test and the content of free lime is revealed. The kinetics of the change in the strength of lime samples was studied, which confirmed that the investigational additives possess a structuring effect and can be used as modifying agents.

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KUBENA, L. F., R. B. HARVEY, T. D. PHILLIPS und B. A. CLEMENT. „Effect of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicates on Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chicks“. Poultry Science 72, Nr. 4 (April 1993): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0720651.

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Khatsrinov, A. I., A. V. Kornilov, T. Z. Lygina und Zh V. Mezhevich. „Inorganic Sorbents Based on Modified Natural Calcium- and Iron-Containing Aluminosilicates“. Inorganic Materials 55, Nr. 11 (November 2019): 1138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168519110062.

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Yu, Xue, Xuhui Xu, Penghui Yang, Qing Jiao, Zhengwen Yang, Zhiguo Song und Jianbei Qiu. „Optical properties of Eu-activated calcium aluminosilicates synthesized in different atmospheres“. Optical Materials 34, Nr. 5 (März 2012): 931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2011.11.013.

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Akmalaev, K. A., R. E. Nurlybaev und Ye S. Orynbekov. „RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS“. Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 82, Nr. 4 (14.12.2021): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2021.4-10.

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The problem of using natural zeolites and utilization of spent sorbents-zeolites used in industrial water purification processes is considered. The promising possibility of their use as additives in the production of cement and concretes, as additives to Portland cement, is shown. Zeolites are crystalline aqueous aluminosilicates containing as cations elements I and II groups of the periodic table, in particular sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium.

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Gordienko, P. S., I. A. Shabalin, A. P. Suponina, S. B. Yarusova, V. G. Kuryavyi, V. V. Zheleznov, T. A. Kaidalova und D. Kh Shlyk. „Synthetic calcium aluminosilicates and their sorption properties with respect to Sr2+ ions“. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 61, Nr. 8 (August 2016): 946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602361608009x.

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Usman, Farooq, Bahadar Zeb, Khan Alam, Zhongwei Huang, Attaullah Shah, Iftikhar Ahmad und Sami Ullah. „In-Depth Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) and Its Characterization through FTIR, XRD and SEM–EDX Techniques in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Northern Pakistan“. Atmosphere 13, Nr. 1 (13.01.2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010124.

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The current study investigates the variation and physicochemical properties of ambient particulate matter (PM) in the very important location which lies in the foothills of the Hindu Kush ranges in northern Pakistan. This work investigates the mass concentration, mineral content, elemental composition and morphology of PM in three size fractions, i.e., PM1, PM2.5 and PM10, during the year of 2019. The collected samples were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. During the study period, the average temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed were found to be 17.9 °C, 65.83%, 73.75 mm and 0.23 m/s, respectively. The results showed that the 24 h average mass concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were 64 µgm−3, 43.9 µgm−3 and 22.4 µgm−3, respectively. The 24 h concentration of both PM10 and PM2.5 were 1.42 and 2.92 times greater, respectively, than the WHO limits. This study confirms the presence of minerals such as wollastonite, ammonium sulphate, wustite, illite, kaolinite, augite, crocidolite, calcite, calcium aluminosilicate, hematite, copper sulphate, dolomite, quartz, vaterite, calcium iron oxide, muscovite, gypsum and vermiculite. On the basis of FESEM-EDX analysis, 14 elements (O, C, Al, Si, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Fe, N, Mo, B, S and Cl) and six groups of PM (carbonaceous (45%), sulfate (13%), bioaerosols (8%), aluminosilicates (19%), quartz (10%) and nitrate (3%)) were identified.

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Zimakova, Galina, Valentina Solonina, Marina Zelig und Viktor Orlov. „Effect of fine-grained components on concrete properties and structure formation“. MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814302004.

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The paper investigates the influence of fine-grained components on the synthesis of new formations and structure of cellular concrete. Grain size composition was defined with the aid of a laser diffraction analyzer of particles ANALYSETTE 22 NanoTecplus. The composition of the obtained hydrated phases was studied using electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. The introduction of silica and aluminosilicate components with the specific surface area >350 m2/kg enabled to directly influence the mechanism of the hydrated phases formation. Complex hydrated calcium aluminosilicates of the frame structure of zeolite type and non-permanent composition were identified in the hydration products. The formation of the total set of properties is attributed to the morphological features of the hydrated phases, the nature of connections between the crystalline hydrates, and their location in the material structure. X-ray phase analysis showed that ultra-micro-dispersed components have the stimulating impact on the processes of silicate formation. With the increase in the amount of hydrated new formations and decrease in the liquid phase volume the conditions for building of strong crystal intergrowth contacts were created.

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Lei, Jiawei, Jiajun Fu und En-Hua Yang. „Alkali-Silica Reaction Resistance and Pore Solution Composition of Low-Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete“. Infrastructures 5, Nr. 11 (06.11.2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5110096.

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Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is generally reported to be less vulnerable to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) than conventional ordinary Portland cement concrete. However, the lack of understanding of pore solution composition of the low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer limits the investigation of the underlying mechanisms for the low ASR-induced expansion in the geopolymer concrete. This study presents a systematic investigation of the pore solution composition of a low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer over a period of one year. The results show that the pore solution of the fly ash geopolymer is mainly composed of alkali ions, silicates, and aluminosilicates species. The lower expansion of the geopolymer concrete in the current study is most probably due to the insufficient alkalinity in the geopolymer pore solution as the hydroxide ions are largely consumed for the fly ash dissolution.

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Win, Thwe Thwe, Chinnapat Panwisawas, Pitcha Jongvivatsakul, Withit Pansuk und Lapyote Prasittisopin. „Effects of Fly Ash Composition to Mitigate Conversion of Calcium Aluminate Cement Composites“. Buildings 13, Nr. 10 (27.09.2023): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102453.

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Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) is one of the alternative cements that is widely used for special applications. However, during the hydration process degradation of CAC microstructure, the so-called hydrate conversion process, hexagonal calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH10) transforms into a cubic (C3AH6) phase, resulting in increased porosity and reduced strengths. It is known that alternative means for stabilizing the CAC conversion are conducted by introducing fly ash (FA) in CAC, where its microstructure is attributed to aluminosilicates. However, no study has yet been conducted on different FA compositions influencing CAC performance. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different compositions of FA on CACs’ fresh and hardened characteristics. Results revealed that the microstructure was denser when CAC was mixed with FA. Regarding reactivity, CAC with calcium-rich FA systems is 13% faster than the silica-rich one. The higher the density and the lower the porosity of calcium-rich FA mixtures were found compared with silica-rich FA in both micro- and macro-structures. As seen in the microscopic structure, this is due to the calcium-rich phase formation.

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Бибанаева, Светлана Александровна. „SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINOSILICATE ZEOLITES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ALUMINA PRODUCTION“. Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, Nr. 14 (15.12.2022): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2022.14.747.

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Работа посвящена изучению возможности получения синтетических алюмосиликатных цеолитов натрия и кальция из оборотных растворов глиноземного производства гидрощелочным способом. Изучен химический качественный и количественный состав, морфология цеолитов, полученных в условиях высокотемпературного автоклавного выщелачивания. Проведены рентгенофазовые исследования, направленные на определение состава и структуры полученных алюмосиликатных цеолитов. Показана перспективность метода автоклавного синтеза синтетических цеолитов с высоким выходом конечного продукта с размером частиц не более 5 мкм. Установлено, что способ позволяет осуществить производство цеолитов параллельно технологической схеме переработки бокситов на глиноземном заводе, при этом минимально утяжеляя производственный процесс. Полученный алюмосиликатный цеолит обладает широким спектром применения в различных отраслях. По результатам исследований было подано 2 заявки на получение патентов на изобретение. The work is devoted to study of the possibility of obtaining synthetic sodium and calcium aluminosilicates from recycled solutions of alumina production by the hydro-alkaline method. The chemical qualitative and quantitative composition and morphology of zeolites obtained under conditions of high-temperature autoclave leaching have been studied. X-ray phase studies aimed at determining the composition and structure of the obtained aluminosilicate zeolites were carried out. The prospects of the method of the autoclave synthesis of synthetic zeolites with a high yield of the final product with the particle size up to 5 microns are shown. It has been established that the method allows the production of zeolites in parallel with the technological scheme of bauxite processing at an alumina plant, while minimally weighing down the production process. The resulting aluminosilicate zeolite has a wide range of applications in various industries. According to the results of the research, 2 applications for invention patents were filed.

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Migunthanna, Janitha, Pathmanathan Rajeev und Jay Sanjayan. „Waste Clay Bricks as a Geopolymer Binder for Pavement Construction“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 11 (25.05.2022): 6456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116456.

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Geopolymer binders that combine aluminosilicate materials (i.e., precursors) with alkali activators are a viable and environmentally friendly alternative to ordinary Portland cement. While fly ash, slag, silica fume, and metakaolin are the most extensively investigated precursor materials, recent studies demonstrate the feasibility of using low amorphous aluminosilicates (LAA) for geopolymer synthesis. Waste clay bricks (WCB) make an excellent LAA material for producing geopolymer binders, considering their chemical and mineralogical properties. Geopolymer binders with enhanced mechanical properties can be produced either by blending WCB with other aluminosilicate materials or by using WCB as the sole precursor, while providing appropriate production conditions, such as high-temperature curing. Until now, in pavement construction, WCB has been investigated only as a subbase material or as an aggregate for concrete. Since WCB is a potential geopolymer source material, it can also function as an alternative cementitious material (ACM), and stabilizing material in pavement construction. This work reviews the recent studies on producing WCB-based geopolymers, with the focus particularly on the properties of raw materials, activator types and their concentrations, curing conditions, blended geopolymer systems, and the mechanical properties of WCB-based geopolymer binders. Simultaneously, different pavement design requirements and currently available specifications for the use of geopolymer concrete were correlated to evaluate their feasibility as an ACM in pavement construction. Based on the current literature, WCB can be proposed as a suitable ACM to develop pavement-grade concrete and more promising results can be obtained by blending WCB with high-calcium sources, such as slag. Therefore, comprehensive studies on geopolymer concrete development, durability, and field performance are recommended.

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Thomas, Shobha Elizabeth, A. Muhsin Lebba, S. Sreeja und K. P. Ramaswamy. „Effect of borax in slag-fly ash-based alkali activated paste“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1237, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1237/1/012006.

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Abstract Alkali Activated Concrete (AAC) uses source materials rich in aluminosilicates to gain the properties superior to OPC based concrete. Alkaline chemicals are used to activate reaction in aluminosilicate precursors. In this study a combination of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) and fly ash with low calcium content (class F) is used as precursor and the activator used to activate the precursor is a combination of NaOH pellets and sodium silicate solution. Research interest in alkali activated materials (AAM) has grown as a result of its unique characteristics, which include less greenhouse gas emissions during its production, effective utilization of industrial waste materials, and sustainable as well as economic attributes. However, its quick setting as well as poor workability are deterring its widespread popularity. Though borax has been identified as a good retarder for cement-based materials, its effect on the blast furnace slag-fly ash-based alkali activated system with respect to the control factors were less investigated. The setting time, penetration resistance and workability of Alkali Activated Paste (AAP) is studied to identify the effect of borax with respect to the control factors. The potential of borax in AAM to improve its workability qualities were studied. According to the experimental results obtained, borax is a good retarder for slag-fly ash-based AAP and it could improve workability.

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Behun, Marcel, Patrik Kascak, Matej Hrabcak, Annamaria Behunova, Lucia Knapcikova und Marian Sofranko. „Investigation of Sustainable Geopolymer Composite Using Automatic Identification Technology“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 16 (07.08.2020): 6377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166377.

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Geopolymers are materials prepared from alkaline-activated cement without a calcium constituent. They are synthetic materials based on aluminosilicates. The main advantage of these environmentally friendly materials is that they save mineral resources and due to being free of calcium constituents, and only a small amount of CO2 emissions are released into the environment. The circular economy model of sustainable development of new composite materials will ensure the competitiveness of industries, their stable economic growth, and a healthy environment. This paper aims to investigate geopolymer composite materials that were reinforced with a mixture of glass powder from recycled windscreens. The glass 100% circulates in the closed material cycle and can be used again in the manufacturing process without any loss of quality. We are focused on verification of readability of selected automatic identification technology and their usability directly in the manufacturing process of geopolymer composite materials.

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Ma, Guo Xian, und Hai Ying Zhang. „Analysis of the Ash from One Shanghai Plant Using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction)“. Advanced Materials Research 664 (Februar 2013): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.232.

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This study aims to develop a methodology for thermal characterization of APC (air pollution control)fly ash using XRD (X-ray diffraction). It performed XRD analysis as a function of temperature between room temperature and 1200 °C. It is found that major mineralogical components of fly ash involve SiO2, CaCl2, Ca3Si2O7, Ca2SiO40.35H2O, Ca9Si6O21H2O, K2Al2Si2O83.8H2O and AlCl34Al(OH)34H2O. Glass phases account for around 57%, which is conducive to reduction of energy in recycling of the ash. Salts decompose firstly with increase of temperature and then oxides derived from the decomposition process react with SiO2, forming silicates, calcium-silicates and aluminosilicates.

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Badalyan, Maria, Amalya Karapetyan und Hovsep Hoveyan. „Physical-Chemical Studies of the Process of Condensation of a Clinker-Free Binder“. Key Engineering Materials 906 (11.01.2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.906.47.

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The possibility of using a clinker-free binder as an alternative to expensive and energy-intensive Portland cement is being considered. The pozzolanizing effect of volcanic rocks is presented, where along with the binding of calcium hydroxide by silica to hydrosilicates, the binding of calcium hydroxide by “free” alumina to hydroaluminates also takes place. In the process of hardening of the clinker-free binder, the phase mineralogical composition of the formed new formations differs from the new formations that are synthesized during hardening of traditional Portland cement, which explains the difference in their properties. The new formations that are formed during the hardening process of clinker-free cements are mainly low-basic hydrosilicates, and alkaline aluminosilicates give the cast-in-place stone water resistance, frost resistance, waterproofing, etc., in a word, durability. Physical and chemical studies of the hardening process of clinker-free lime-igneous cements have been carried out, which indicates the possibility of replacing the energy-intensive Portland cement with cheaper clinker-free cement.

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Gordienko, P. S., S. B. Yarusova, I. A. Shabalin, A. B. Slobodyuk, E. A. Nekhlyudova, O. O. Shichalin, E. K. Papynov, V. G. Kuryavyi, N. V. Polyakova und Yu A. Parot’kina. „Synthesis of Calcium Aluminosilicates from Nanostructured Synthetic Na Zeolites and Study of Their Sorption Properties“. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 67, Nr. 9 (September 2022): 1393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023622090042.

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Tõnsuaadu, K., und M. Veiderma. „COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF THE HEATING PRODUCTS OF THE MIXTURES OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND ALUMINOSILICATES“. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Chemistry 41, Nr. 4 (1992): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/chem.1992.4.01.

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Król, M., P. Florek, K. Dziża und W. Mozgawa. „Spectroscopic studies of heavy metal cations influence on the structure of synthetic hydrated calcium aluminosilicates“. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 294 (Juni 2023): 122559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2023.122559.

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Popov, R. Yu, E. O. Bohdan, E. M. Dyatlova und M. V. Komar. „The application of self-propagating hightemperature synthesis to obtain a protective-strengthening alumina-silica coatings“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 55, Nr. 2 (29.06.2019): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2019-55-2-240-246.

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This article shows the possibility of using the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis to obtain protective and hardening coatings for the lining of various thermal installations. The development of compositions of ceramic masses for the production of SHS coatings was carried out on the basis of aluminum powder, clay raw materials, exhausting and ﬂuxing components as well as mineralizing additives. The prepared suspension including pre-prepared and thoroughly mixed raw materials was applied with a brush or a spray gun onto the previously cleaned and moistened surface of an aluminosilicate refractory. The firing of the coating was carried out in accordance with the mode of removing the thermal unit at the operating temperature. The temperature of the initiation of the SHS process, previously established using differential thermal analysis, was in the range of 570–720 °C and depended on the chemical composition of the charge. It has been established that the presence of crystalline phases of silica, corundum, hematite and a number of solid solutions (mainly calcium and sodium aluminosilicates) in the coating structure provides the necessary combination of the thermomechanical and thermophysical characteristics of the coatings. On the basis of the conducted research, the expediency of applying the technology of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis for the production of protective and hardening coatings on the lining of thermal units is demonstrated, which is confirmed by industrial tests in the conditions of the Minsk Ceramic Factory OJSC «Keramin».

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Кожухова, Наталья, Natal'ya Kozhuhova, Игорь Жерновский, Igor' Zhernovskiy, Константин Соболев und Konstantin Sobolev. „EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN VITREOUS PHASE OF LOW-CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATES ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER SYSTEMS“. Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 3, Nr. 4 (31.03.2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ac24a276fc102.09159142.

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Nowacka, Mariola, und Barbara Pacewska. „Effect of structurally different aluminosilicates on early-age hydration of calcium aluminate cement depending on temperature“. Construction and Building Materials 235 (Februar 2020): 117404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117404.

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Bazhirov, Т. S., V. S. Protsenko, N. S. Bazhirov, M. S. Dauletiyarov, B. Ye Serikbayev und К. N. Bazhirova. „PROSPECTS FOR THE INTEGRATED USE OF SLAG WASTES FROM FERROCHROME PRODUCTION FOR HEAT-RESISTANT MATERIALS“. SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 6, Nr. 444 (15.12.2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.105.

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The research results of physicochemical and physicotechnical properties of slag wastes from ferrochrome production as raw materials for heat-resistant materials are presented. Chemical and mineralogical composition of slag from high-carbon ferrochrome production and slag from low-carbon ferrochrome production, as well as their constituent main crystalline phases, represented by magnesium and calcium aluminosilicates of complex composition, have been determined by physicochemical research methods. According to X-ray phase analysis, the slag from the high-carbon ferrochrome production is represented mainly by forsterite Mg2SiO4, spinel MgAl2O4, partially amorphous glass phase and admixture of calcium orthosilicate Ca2SiO4. In the slag from the low-carbon ferrochrome production, the main crystalline phase is calcium orthosilicate γ-Ca2SiO4, as well as magnesium orthosilicate forsterite Mg2SiО4. The research results of specific surface area, average particle size determination and sieve analysis have shown that the slag from the low-carbon ferrochrome production is a finely dispersed gray powder with the following characteristics: the specific surface area – 295 m2 /kg, the average particle size – 6.8 μm, the true density – 3.01 g/cm3 , the bulk density – 739 kg/m3 . The research of the physicochemical and physicotechnical properties has established that in terms of chemical, mineralogical composition and refractoriness indices, the slags from the high-carbon ferrochrome and low-carbon ferrochrome productions can be valuable raw materials for heat-resistant materials.

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Jabłońska, Mariola, Janusz Janeczek und Beata Smieja-Król. „The Impact of Ambient Atmospheric Mineral-Dust Particles on the Calcification of Lungs“. Minerals 11, Nr. 2 (27.01.2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020125.

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For the first time, it is shown that inhaled ambient air-dust particles settled in the human lower respiratory tract induce lung calcification. Chemical and mineral compositions of pulmonary calcium precipitates in the lung right lower-lobe (RLL) tissues of 12 individuals who lived in the Upper Silesia conurbation in Poland and who had died from causes not related to a lung disorder were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Whereas calcium salts in lungs are usually reported as phosphates, calcium salts precipitated in the studied RLL tissue were almost exclusively carbonates, specifically Mg-calcite and calcite. These constituted 37% of the 1652 mineral particles examined. Mg-calcite predominated in the submicrometer size range, with a MgCO3 content up to 50 mol %. Magnesium plays a significant role in lung mineralization, a fact so far overlooked. The calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) content in the studied RLL tissue was negligible. The predominance of carbonates is explained by the increased CO2 fugacity in the RLL. Carbonates enveloped inhaled mineral-dust particles, including uranium-bearing oxides, quartz, aluminosilicates, and metal sulfides. Three possible pathways for the carbonates precipitation on the dust particles are postulated: (1) precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), followed by its transformation to calcite; (2) precipitation of Mg-ACC, followed by its transformation to Mg-calcite; (3) precipitation of Mg-free ACC, causing a localized relative enrichment in Mg ions and subsequent heterogeneous nucleation and crystal growth of Mg-calcite. The actual number of inhaled dust particles may be significantly greater than was observed because of the masking effect of the carbonate coatings. There is no simple correlation between smoking habit and lung calcification.

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Santibáñez-Velásquez, Lidia E., Alexis Guzmán und Mauricio J. Morel. „Extraction of Iron and Other Metals from Copper Tailings through Leaching“. Metals 12, Nr. 11 (10.11.2022): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111924.

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Currently, mining operations have increased the generation of tailings, which contain a variety of elements that can be valorized. In this research, tailing samples were leached with hydrochloric acid of concentrations greater than 3 M, considering the monitoring of iron, copper, aluminum, calcium and magnesium, as relevant elements of the leached solution. Time and temperature were also studied. The original tailing sample was taken by trial pits, and a size distribution analysis was performed. The process generated an insoluble solid, rich in aluminosilicates, and an acid liquid solution with different metal ions. Elemental analyses were performed on liquid samples by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and solid samples by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Results showed an increasing trend of the iron concentration as a function of the acid concentration. However, copper is not affected by the change in acid concentration, but by time and temperature. Aluminum decreases with acid concentration, keeps constant with time, and yields at 50 °C. In the range of the studied parameters, calcium and magnesium showed a variation without a clear trend. The elements in the acid solution prepared with a tailing from northern Chile can be recovered for subsequent applications.

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Loganina, Valentina Ivanovna, L. V. Makarova, Roman V. Tarasov und K. A. Sergeeva. „Increase Water Resistance Decorative Coatings on the Basis of Calcareous Dry Building Mixtures“. Advanced Materials Research 1078 (Dezember 2014): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1078.171.

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Data about regularities of influence of filler, based on the calcium hydrosilicate, on properties of limy dry construction mixes and coverings in their basis are given. Higher water resistance of limy coverings with application of containing silicate filler is established.The conducted researches established efficiency of application in a compounding of limy dry construction mixes (DCM) the nanostructuring additives based on aluminosilicates [1, 2]. For regulation of structure and properties of limy dry construction mixes (DCM), intended for restoration of historical building, and also finishing of again constructed facilities, we offered to enter into their compounding an additive based on the synthesized hydrosilicates (HSC) [3, 4].Hydrosilicates of calcium (HSC) are received by synthesis from liquid sodium glass in the presence of calcium chloride CaCl2 with the subsequent drying of sediment at a temperature 105-300°C and its crushing. Studying of material composition of the filler, made by methods of the X-ray phase analysis (RFA) and infrared (IK) spectroscopy, and also structure on the electronic scanning microscope of PhenomTM G2 pro showed the existence in synthesizable material the calcium silicates of various basicity.The conducted researches show that the filler based on HSC possesses hydraulic activity. The activity of filler, defined according to a technique [5], makes 195-250 mg/g depending on the synthesis mode.At developing of compounding of DCM the modifying additives: softeners, redispersion powders were applied. As the plasticizing additives the Kratasol, Hidetal P-4, S-3, SP-3, MelmentR F15G and MelfluxR 1641F were entered into a compounding. Additives of “Kratasol” series represent salts of naphthalenesulfoacids with the high maintenance of high-molecular fractions, an additive Hidetal of P-4 – hyper softener based on polikarboxylate.

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AKMALAIULY, KENZHEBEK, und ZHANAR ZHUMADILOVA. „INFLUENCE OF FILLER QUALITY ON CONCRETE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY“. Periódico Tchê Química 17, Nr. 34 (20.03.2020): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.85_p34_pgs_67_79.pdf.

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Studies on the effect of grain composition on the thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete, it was shown that the mineral composition of filler (aggregates) substantially reflects the thermal conductivity and density of concrete. The grains of the component have a slightly higher effect on the thermal conductivity than the material itself. The proof of this position is that the thermal conductivity of bulk materials is always slightly lower than cellular materials of the same average density. In an absolutely dry porous body, heat transfer can occur not only through thermal conductivity but also through the solid skeleton of the body, located in the air pores, but also by convection and radiation between the pore walls. With a pore diameter of less than 1 mm, convective heat transfer is practically zero, and the coefficient of radiant heat conductivity can be neglected only when the pore diameter is less than 0.5 mm. Therefore, with the same porosity, the thermal conductivity coefficient will be the greater, the larger the pores of the material. Therefore, the creation of a finely porous structure of lightweight concrete and the use of finely porous aggregates contributes to the production of concrete with reduced thermal conductivity. The proof can be the results of experiments and the curves presented. An increase in the pore size on the surface of the grains of the aggregates leads to an increase in intergranular voids of the mixtures. As a result of mineralogical-petrographic studies of artificial porous aggregates, it was established that aluminosilicate phases with a disordered structure — clay amorphized with firing and acidic glasses — predominate in expanded clay, agloporite, and expanded perlite. Slag is characterized by a predominance of crystalline phases - low-basic calcium silicates than calcium and magnesium aluminosilicates. The glassy phase is present only in the form of an impurity of 15 - 20%. When analyzing the experimental data, we came to the conclusion that the thermal conductivity of expanded clay increases with increasing density. However, at the same density, expanded clay of different batches of the same plant and especially of different plants, differ in the values of the coefficient of thermal conductivity.

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Farrah, H., J. Slavek und WF Pickering. „Fluoride sorption by soil components: calcium carbonate, humic acid, manganese dioxide and ailica“. Soil Research 23, Nr. 3 (1985): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850429.

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The ability of individual soil components to adsorb fluoride ions from dilute solutions (1-12 mg L-1 F-), at different pH values, has been investigated. No significant uptake was detected using substrates such as calcite, hydrous manganese(1v) oxide, cryptomelane, �-MnO2, pyrolusite, silica or silica gel, over the pH range 3-8 (for calcite, 6-9). The sorption of F- by calcite and humic acids at higher solution levels (up to 200 mg L-1) was also examined. Uptake by CaCO3 was observed when [F-] was >7 x 10-4 mol L-1, with the moles retained (pH -8.5) being approximately 1.6[F-]2. The amount of F removed increased on lowering the pH or on adding Ca2+, and it is proposed that the overall reaction is described by the equation CaCO3(S) + 2F- <=>CaF2(S) + CO23-. Two humic acid samples adsorbed increasing amounts of F- as the pH was lowered below 6.5, and increasing amounts of A1 and fluorocomplexes were detected in solution. The amount sorbed (mol kg-', at pH 5.5-6) varied with ash content and equalled either 16[F-]0.64 or 60[F-1. The major interaction appears to be HF attack on aluminosilicates in the ash fraction, with lesser contributions from sorption on calcium compounds and interaction with the counter-ions associated with the humic acid functional groups (e.g. Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+).

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Castillo, Hengels, Humberto Collado, Thomas Droguett, Sebastián Sánchez, Mario Vesely, Pamela Garrido und Sergio Palma. „Factors Affecting the Compressive Strength of Geopolymers: A Review“. Minerals 11, Nr. 12 (25.11.2021): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11121317.

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Geopolymers are created by mixing a source of aluminosilicates, which can be natural or by-products from other industries, with an alkaline solution. These materials based on by-products from other industries have proven to be a less polluting alternative for concrete production than ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Geopolymers offer many advantages over OPC, such as excellent mechanical strength, increased durability, thermal resistance, and excellent stability in acidic and alkaline environments. Within these properties, mechanical strength, more specifically compressive strength, is the most important property for analyzing geopolymers as a construction material. For this reason, this study compiled information on the different variables that affect the compressive strength of geopolymers, such as Si/Al ratio, curing temperature and time, type and concentration of alkaline activator, water content, and the effect of impurities. From the information collected, it can be mentioned that geopolymers with Si/Al ratios between 1.5 and 2.0 obtained the highest compressive strengths for the different cases. On the other hand, high moderate temperatures (between 80 and 90 °C) induced higher compressive strengths in geopolymers, because the temperature favors the geopolymerization process. Moreover, longer curing times helped to obtain higher compressive strengths for all the cases analyzed. Furthermore, it was found that the most common practice is the use of sodium hydroxide combined with sodium silicate to obtain geopolymers with good mechanical strength, where the optimum SS/NaOH ratio depends on the source of aluminosilicates to be used. Generally speaking, it was observed that higher water contents lead to a decrease in compressive strength. The presence of calcium was found to be favorable in controlled proportions as it increases the compressive strength of geopolymers, on the other hand, impurities such as heavy metals have a negative effect on the compressive strength of geopolymers.

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Carpenter, Chris. „Geopolymer Implemented in Primary Casing Cementing“. Journal of Petroleum Technology 76, Nr. 05 (01.05.2024): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0524-0105-jpt.

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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 32218, “First Global Implementation of Geopolymer in Primary Casing Cementing,” by Mark Meade, SPE, Yeukayi Nenjerama, SPE, and Chris Parton, SPE, SLB, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 Offshore Technology Conference. _ Portland cements are integral components in the oilfield well-construction process; however, the confluence of various business drivers have created the need to find sustainable alternative materials. The complete paper presents the evaluation of geopolymer cementing for use in oil and gas wells, specifically the primary cementing of liner strings in the Permian Basin. Geopolymer cementing offers a unique opportunity for the oilfield industry to decrease CO2 emissions related to well construction and reduce dependence on the constrained supply of Portland cements. Introduction Manufacturing Portland cement emits approximately 1 ton of CO2 for every ton of cement produced. Additionally, the manufacturing of Portland cement is a complex process requiring specialized equipment. Thus, during spikes in demand of Portland cement, the supply of cement cannot be rapidly increased to meet demand. Geopolymers are slurries that set to become a hard, durable solid that can withstand stresses and strains and are resistant to corrosion. Moreover, geopolymers can be made from a broad range of aluminosilicate raw materials sourced from waste products from other industries, mined materials, and biowaste. The low manufacturing and processing requirements reduce the carbon footprint of geopolymers to a fraction of that of manufacturing Portland cement. Whereas Portland cement chemistry is driven by hydration of calcium aluminates and calcium silicates, geopolymer chemistry is based on the polymerization of aluminosilicates initiated by activators. The creation of geopolymers starts with dissolution of the aluminosilicate raw material into monomers by an increase in the pH of the fluid from the activator. Then, the activator provides a site for covalently bonded chains to form, and these chains undergo polycondensation to form the set 3D network of polymers. Implementation of this new material with such a different chemistry into the complex oilfield-construction process presents challenges that must be overcome. Challenges Existing geopolymer formulations typically are characterized as either two-step or one-step geopolymers. In two-step geopolymers, the activators are added into the mix fluid, whereas, in one-step geopolymers, the activators are dry blended with the aluminosilicate source. Implementation of two-step geopolymers would come with operational and logistical constraints impairing their scalability, along with increased service quality and health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risks. On the other hand, common existing one-step geopolymers are formulated with activator types that dissolve rapidly and disperse in the slurry. Therefore, development of novel chemistries for one-step geopolymers are required to introduce geopolymers into oilfield well construction. Such applications expose geopolymers to temperatures and pressures significantly above ambient for extended periods of time during slurry placement within the wellbore. To ensure quality assurance of job placement, hydraulic simulators should be reliable predictors of the top of the placement, and geopolymers set within the wellbore must be detectable using established sonic logging tools.

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Gabitov, Rinat, Chiara Borrelli, Jacob Buettner, Brenda Kirkland, Adam Skarke, Dustin Trail, Brittany Garner et al. „Characterization of Carbonate Crust from a Recently Discovered Methane Seep on the North Atlantic Continental Margin of the USA“. Minerals 9, Nr. 3 (26.02.2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030138.

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This study is focused on mineralogical and chemical characterization of an authigenic carbonate rock (crust) collected at a recently discovered cold seep on the US North Atlantic continental margin. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the carbonate rock is composed of microcrystalline aragonite cement, white acicular aragonite crystals (AcAr), equant quartz crystals, small microcrystalline aluminosilicates, and trace amounts of iron sulfide microcrystals. Element/calcium ratios were measured with laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) using a calcite standard, which was prepared by annealing USGS certified carbonate powder (MACS-3). The occurrence of microscopic, non-carbonate inclusions precluded evaluation of trace elements in the aragonite cement, but allowed for in situ analysis of AcAr crystals. Carbon and oxygen isotopes were analyzed via isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and expressed as δ13C and δ18O. Low δ13C values suggest that aragonite grew as a result of anaerobic oxidation of methane and observed δ18O values indicate that the temperature of aragonite crystallization was 1.7–1.9 °C.

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