Zeitschriftenartikel: „Aluminium (CZA)“

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Rani, K. Manjula, und P. N. Palanisamy. „Enhanced Adsorptive Removal of Anionic Dyes by using Calcined Zinc Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide CZA-LDH from Aqueous Solution“. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 7, Nr. 3 (2017): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2017.00179.4.

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Manjula Rani, K., und P. N. Palanisamy. „Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous, Nanostructured Zinc Aluminium Carbonate Layered Double Hydroxides (ZAC-LDHs) and Its Calcined Product (CZA-LDH)“. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 28, Nr. 3 (20.02.2018): 1127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-018-0796-9.

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Olaniyan, O. S., A. A. Olanipekun, D. A. Akeredolu, A. T. Bello und J. P. Olojede. „Determination of the Pozzolanicity of Cocoa Pod Ash at Different Temperatures“. LAUTECH Journal of Civil and Environmental Studies 1, March 2018 (01.03.2018): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/laujoces/8102/10(0121).

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Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials which possess little or no cementing property but chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature to form compounds possessing cementitious properties. There is paucity of information on the pozzolanicity of Cocoa Pod Ash (CPA). Hence, this study investigated the pozzolanicity of CPA. Cocoa pods were obtained from selected farms in Egba Odeda, Ogun State Nigeria. The Cocoa pods were washed, sundried and calcinated to ashes in a furnace between 600° C to 1000° C at Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State. Chemical analyses and X-ray Crystallography were carried out on the CPA to determine the types of oxides present and their varying percentages. The oxides were Silica (SiO,), Ferric (Fe,O,), combined percentages of Ferric and Aluminum oxides (Fe,O, and Al,O,), Calcium (CaO), Magnesium (MgO) and Sulphur (SO,). The moisture content and the Loss of Ignition (LOD) of the CPA samples were also determined.The oxides of Silicon, Ferric, Aluminium, Calcium and Magnesium oxide ranged between 6.39-8.00; 0.78 – 0.89; 1.74- 2,29; 7.15-8.42 and 4.38-5.16% respectively. Sulphur trioxide and LOI ranged 3.51- 3.78 and 27.2- 32.0%, respectively. The Xray crystallography showed that the total percentage composition of SiO, Al,O, and Fe,O, in CPA varied from 14.87-24.21%. The study showed that CPA did not satisfy the minimum 70% requirements stipulated by ASTM C618 (2005) for a pozzolan after the analysis of the oxides but it satisfied all the requirements for LOI, hence CPA is a weak pozzolan

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Mold, Cottle, King und Exley. „Intracellular Aluminium in Inflammatory and Glial Cells in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Case Report“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 8 (24.04.2019): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081459.

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(1) Introduction: In 2006, we reported on very high levels of aluminium in brain tissue in an unusual case of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The individual concerned had been exposed to extremely high levels of aluminium in their potable water due to a notorious pollution incident in Camelford, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. The recent development of aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy has now allowed for the location of aluminium in this brain to be identified. (2) Case Summary: We used aluminium-specific fluorescence microscopy in parallel with Congo red staining and polarised light to identify the location of aluminium and amyloid in brain tissue from an individual who had died from a rare and unusual case of CAA. Aluminium was almost exclusively intracellular and predominantly in inflammatory and glial cells including microglia, astrocytes, lymphocytes and cells lining the choroid plexus. Complementary staining with Congo red demonstrated that aluminium and amyloid were not co-located in these tissues. (3) Discussion: The observation of predominantly intracellular aluminium in these tissues was novel and something similar has only previously been observed in cases of autism. The results suggest a strong inflammatory component in this case and support a role for aluminium in this rare and unusual case of CAA.

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Nirmala Shivram, Padmavat. „Assessment of Ranking of Aluminum-Coconut Shell Ash Composites Using EDAS Method“. Journal on Materials and its Characterization 2, Nr. 1 (01.03.2023): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jmc/2/1/6.

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To overcome the difficulty in manufacturing through tools and materials, the present situation calls for the creation of engineering materials to address numerous specific difficulties. Due to attainable qualities that are notable for the components involved, "Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)" are profitable. Research significance: AMCs are used because of their low density in comparison to aluminium alloys and their interfacial behavior. Due to their outstanding castability and significant erosion protection, AMCs have been effectively repressed in modern automotive production for the “fabrication of various segments, including cylinders, motor lids, connecting shafts, and independent casts”. Research method: The complexity in the evaluation of material assemblage is well-suited to the "multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)" methodologies. This study ranks "aluminium-coconut shell ash (CSA) composites" using the "EDAS technique", a comparatively fresh and mathematically sophisticated "MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making)" tool. Result: The result obtained by using the EDAS method shows that the rank for 1100 aluminium alloy is fifth, aluminium composite with 5% is fourth, aluminium composite with 10% is second, aluminium composite with 15% is first and aluminium composite with 20% is third.Conclusion: The article's findings indicate that among all materials taken in this research, "aluminium composite with 15% CSA" emerged as the best, followed by "aluminium composite with 10% CSA", whilst the base matrix was discovered to be the material that worked the worst in this investigation.

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Saidy, A. R., A. Haris, M. Septiana, B. J. Priatmadi, H. Ifansyah und M. Mahbub. „The improvement of available phosphorous of reclaimed-mining soils with coal fly ash and empty fruit bunches of oil palm treatments“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1377, Nr. 1 (01.07.2024): 012115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1377/1/012115.

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Abstract Reclaimed-mining soil (RMS) were categorized as having an acidic pH, low organic carbon (C), low available phosphorous (P), and high contents of aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe); therefore, soil ameliorants were essentially added to this soil for improving soil fertility. The purpose of the research was to measure the impact of combining empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP) and coal fly ash (CFA) on the available P of RMS. Three rates of CFA application: 0, 75, and 150 Mg ha−1 and three rates of EFBOP application: 0, 25, and 50 Mg ha−1 were organized using a completely randomized design. A 1000 g of soil was placed to an experimental pot, and then CFA and EFBOP according to the treatment were added to the pot. The mixture of soils, CFA, and EFBOP were homogenized, and then incubated at 70% water holding capacity for 45 days. Available P, total P, Al-P, Fe-P, soil pH, and exchangeable Al were quantifies following the completion of incubation period. The findings of this research indicated that available P rose from 3 mg kg−1 of control (soil without treatment) to 5-41 mg kg−1 of soils with different amounts of CFA and EFBOP addition. The application of CFA and EFBOP also resulted in increases in soil pH from 4.33 in the control to pH 4.48-6.23. Additionally, the levels of Al-P, Fe-P, and exchangeable aluminum decreased with the application of CFA and EFBOP. The findings of this study highlight the potency utilizing industrial and agricultural wastes as soil ameliorants for improving available P to support plant growth on the reclaimed-mining soils.

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Walbridge, Scott, Denis Beaulieu und Federico M. Mazzolani. „Recent Development of Codes for Design of Aluminum Structures in Canada“. Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.451.

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In 2011, a new chapter was added to the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CAN/CSA S6) [1] enabling the design of aluminum bridge components and structures in Canada. In 2016, activities are well underway, which will result in significant modifications to the Canadian aluminum structures code: “Strength Design in Aluminum” (CAN/CSA S157) [2] and the Canadian code for welding of aluminum structures: “Welded Aluminum Construction” (CAN/CSA W59.2) [3]. This paper discusses the philosophies employed in the development and modernization of these design codes and highlights some of the major changes to these codes. In the case of CAN/CSA S6, the new aluminum chapter was basically written from scratch. However, a practical approach was employed of using material from existing codes, where appropriate (including CAN/CSA S157, the AASHTO Bridge Design Specification [4], the U.S. Aluminum Design Manual [5], and the Eurocode [6]), and organizing the chapter to resemble as closely as possible the chapter for steel bridge structures, so that designers would be relatively comfortable with the new material. In the case of CAN/CSA S157, a significant reorganization of the code contents will be occurring in the latest edition, in order to bring it closer to the Canadian steel structures code (CAN/CSA S16) [7] where possible, again to make the code more user friendly. In the case of the aluminum welding code (CAN/CSA W59.2), changes are being considered to allow the use of technologies such as friction stir welding (FSW) and post-weld treatments (e.g. peening, grinding) for improving fatigue performance. This work is being done with input from Canadian industry experts and academics, in consultation with international experts from the U.S. and Europe. It is expected that this work will lead to substantially improved design codes, resulting in significant benefits in terms of the economics and safety implications of designing aluminum structures in Canada.

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Begen, Deniz, Gokce Calis-Ismetoglu, Omer Yunus Gumus und Halil Ibrahim Unal. „A comparative study of coal fly and bottom ashes as sustainable electroactive vibration damping materials“. Environmental Engineering Research 29, Nr. 4 (22.11.2023): 230561–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2023.561.

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Coal is used in most of the power and chemical plants to meet energy needs which produce various waste ashes. Reuse of these ashes as electroactive materials has great importance for sustainable development. In this study, it was detected that the main components of coal fly (CFA) and bottom ashes (CBA) were oxides of silica (SiO2), iron (Fe2O3), aluminium (Al2O3), and magnesium (MgO), besides carbon. These are well-known electrorheological (ER) active materials. The aim of this study is to reveal dielectric and electroactive vibration damping capabilities of CFA and CBA. According to the dielectric and ER flow tests carried out in insulating silicone oil (SO), the optimum concentration of particles was determined to be 35 wt.% for both ashes. Higher ER yield stress (τy = 135 Pa), higher ER efficiency (32.8), and better viscoelastic properties (τc = 128 Pa, G' = 680 kPa) under 3.0 kV mm-1 applied electric field were obtained for 35CFA/SO suspension system compared to 35CBA/SO (τy = 125 Pa, EReff = 24.0, τc = 55 Pa, G' = 260 kPa). Although it was concluded that both ashes can be upcycled to sustainable and smart vibration damping alternative materials, better performance was observed for CFA particles.

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Costa, Joseane Dunga da, Jeane Cruz Portela, Phâmella Kalliny Pereira Farias, Francisco Ernesto Sobrinho, Carolina Malala Martins Souza, Thaís Cristina de Souza Lopes und Francisco Wellington Andrade Silva. „Characterization and Classification of Soils of the Terra da Esperança Settlement Project in Chapada do Apodi, Brazil“. Journal of Agricultural Science 11, Nr. 4 (15.03.2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p235.

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Soil characterization and pedological classification are essential to define its main potentials and restrictions. The objective of this work was to classify the morphological, physical, chemical, and pedological attributes of soils of the Terra da Esperança Settlement Project (TESP) in Chapada do Apodi, Brazil, and find the most sensitive attributes for distinguishing them using multivariate analysis. The research was carried out in the TESP, in the municipality of Governor Dix-Sept Rosado, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Ten sites were chosen to open representative soil profiles: Native Forest Area 1 (NFA1), 2 (NFA2), and 3 (NFA3), Collective Area with Native Forest (CNF), Agroecological Area (AEA), Cashew crop Area (CCA) Collective Area with Pasture 1 (CAP1), and 2 (CAP2), Permanent Preservation Area (PPA), and Cajaraneira (Spondia sp.) Orchard Area (COA). Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected and subjected to physical and chemical analysis for soil classification. The soils classes found were: Cambissolo Haplico Carbonatico vertissolico (NFA1), Cambissolo Haplico Carbonatico tipico (CNF, and AEA), Cambissolo Haplico Ta Eutrofico tipico (CAP2, NFA2, and COA), Cambissolo Haplico Ta Eutrofico vertissolico (NFA3), Argissolo Vermelho Distrofico latossolico (CCA), Chernossolo Rendzico Ortico saprolitico (CAP1), and Neossolo Fluvico Ta Eutrofico tipico (PPA). The material of origin of the soils contributed to the presence of a calcic horizon in the profiles NFA1, CNF, AEA, CCA (Cambissolos), and CAP1 (Chernossolos). The textural class of the soils varied from sand to clay. The Argissolo (CCA) presented acid character, high aluminum saturation, low base saturation, dystrophic character, and low cation exchange capacity, forming horizons with chemical limitations, due to its latossolico character. The most sensitive attributes for distinguishing the soil classes were related to the source material, which directly influenced the soil physical (silt and clay) and chemical (acidity, salinity, nutrient availability, and clay activity) attributes.

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Ma, Yan Long, und Yi Liao. „Visual Detection of Machining Damage on Aerospace Aluminium Alloys during Manufacturing Process“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 252 (Dezember 2012): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.302.

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In aerospace industry, chromic acid anodizing (CAA) has been traditionally used as a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique to detect flaws in aluminium alloys. However, with the increasing restriction on the use of chromic acid and the application of lithium-containing aluminium alloys to aircraft structures, the capability of anodizing as a NDT method is challenged. In this work, machining damage was deliberately introduced to an Al-Li-Cu alloy AA2099-T8. Then, the visibility of the machine damage after tartaric-sulphuric acid anodizing (TSAA), which is an environmentally friendly anodizing process, was studied. It is suggested that, with proper lighting condition, it is possible to replace CAA with TSAA for detecting machining damage on lithium-containing aluminium alloys during manufacturing.

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Plateau, Jean. „Une micromosaïque sur aluminium“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 56-57, Nr. 1 (2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.056.0124.

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Frøland, Hans Otto, Mats Ingulstad, Pål Sandvik und Espen Storli. „The aluminium state: how have Norwegian governments shaped the country’s aluminium industry?“ Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 69, Nr. 2 (02.02.2024): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.069.0086.

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Depuis la mise en service de sa première fonderie d’aluminium en 1908, la Norvège profite naturellement d’une énergie hydroélectrique abondante et peu chère. En transformant cette énergie hydroélectrique en lingots exportables, l’aluminium est devenu l’une des plus grandes sources de revenus du pays à l’export. Par l’étude du rôle actif de l’État norvégien dans l’expansion et le développement de cette industrie au cours du siècle suivant, nous observons une large gamme de politiques et instruments relatifs aux contraintes structurelles (comme le manque de ressources et de capitaux de départ) et à des défis plus généraux (comme les barrières commerciales, la R&D, l’acquisition du savoir-faire ou les politiques de soutien aux opérations internationales). Nous soulignons le caractère durable de ces instruments politiques et intérêts gouvernementaux qui constituent le socle de la stratégie à long terme de cette industrie. Alors que l’État s’est attaqué aux contraintes et défis du secteur, en appelant notamment à plus de diversification dans la fabrication, l’industrie du pays se concentre principalement toujours, après plus d’un siècle, sur les opérations amont. Le succès se déploie à l’international depuis les années 1990.

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Curioni, Michele, Peter Skeldon, George E. Thompson und John Ferguson. „Graded Anodic Film Morphologies for Sustainable Exploitation of Aluminium Alloys in Aerospace“. Advanced Materials Research 38 (März 2008): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.38.48.

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High strength aluminium alloys are widely used in the civil and military aerospace industry due to their low weight and high mechanical properties, achieved by selected alloying elements and heat treatments. The resulting multiphase alloy system, a solid solution of alloying elements in the aluminium matrix and a variety of second phase material, requires specific anticorrosion measures in order to prevent localized corrosion, which is promoted by microgalvanic coupling between the different metallographic phases. Traditionally, the anticorrosion performances are achieved by chromic acid anodizing (CAA), followed by painting. However, environmental issues and associated costs for the disposal of chromate wastes, require the development of new approaches for anodizing of aluminium alloys. In this work, the potential for tailoring the porous anodic film morphology through the film thickness by controlled variations of the anodizing potential is inspected. The procedure developed is, in principle, applicable to any aluminium alloy in any anodizing electrolyte and results in the generation of innovative graded porous anodic film morphologies which promise improvement of anticorrosion properties and replacement of CAA .

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Ogheneblorhie, Ogheneme, Suraj Olagunju, Abdullahi Guruza, Habeeb Sani, Idawu Suleiman, Isah Aliyu, Lasisi Shaibu und Abdullahi Mohammed. „Improving the mechanical and wear behaviours of reinforced aluminium alloy with animal waste particulates ash“. Zastita materijala 63, Nr. 4 (2022): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2204386o.

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The research work investigated the mechanical and wear behaviours of aluminium alloys reinforced with cow horn ash (CHA) which is cost-effective and environmentally-friendly materials at different weight percentages (0 wt. % to 15 wt. %) at 3 wt. % interval. The cow horn ash was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The matrix and the composites morphology were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the distribution of cow horn ash particles within the matrix. The wear behaviour of the alloy and composites produced at various reinforcements were carried out using a Taber abrasion wear-testing machine. The XRF showed the compositions of CHA to contain carbon (95.70 %), silicon (2.60 %), calcium (1.00%) and others. Mechanical properties investigated increase with increase in 3 wt. % to 15 wt. % of CHA. The morphologies revealed uniform distribution of CHA within the matrix resulted to the improvement in both mechanical and wear properties. The wear resistance of the composites increases with increase in the applied load and decreases with increases in the weight percentage of CHA and this can be used in the automobile and engineering industries for the productions of brake shoes, electrical insulators and others.

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Ortiz-Islas, Sofia, Sergio Serna-Saldivar und Silverio García-Lara. „Constitutive Changes in Nutrients and Phytochemicals in Kernels of Aluminium-Tolerant Maize (Zea mays L.)“. Crops 2, Nr. 1 (25.01.2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops2010002.

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is among the three most important food crops worldwide. Maize growth is affected by high aluminium content in acid soils, which constitute nearly 50% of the world’s cultivable area. Therefore, the cultivation of aluminium-tolerant maize hybrids could be a healthier alternative and an attractive food source in these regions. In this regard, to produce hybrids kernels, 16 inbred lines aluminium-tolerant (Al-T) and aluminium-susceptible (Al-S) maize were screened for their constitutive patterns of selected nutrients and phytochemicals. Proximate analysis, free phenolic acids (FPA) and cell wall-bound phenolic acids (CPA) contents, as well as antioxidant capacity (AOX) were assayed in the anatomical kernel parts (pericarp, endosperm, and germ). Kernels of Al-T maize contained significantly higher germ protein, oil, and fibre (2.9, 3.0, and 0.5%, respectively) than Al-S kernels (1.9, 1.8, and 0.3%, respectively). Importantly, the nutraceutical contents in terms of pericarp FPA and germ CPA were significantly higher in kernels belonging to Al-T maize (92 mg and 140 mg EGA/100 g). The highest AOX was observed in germ CPA of Al-T kernels (9.0 mmol TE/100 g). The results herein indicate that Al-tolerance mechanisms induce positive changes in the nutrients and phytochemicals; this implies that the hybrids generated using Al-T maize inbred lines could emerge as an attractive source of nutrients and phytochemicals in farming regions containing acid soils.

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Lambert, Olivier. „Laminer à chaud l’aluminium“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 68, Nr. 1 (13.07.2023): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.068.0026.

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Le site de Constellium Neuf-Brisach est dédié à la transformation de l’aluminium. C’est un des principaux laminoirs d’Europe avec une capacité annuelle de production de près de 500 000 tonnes. Inauguré en 1967, ce site prend ses racines dans la croissance des Trente Glorieuses. Au fil des années 1950, les usages de l’aluminium se développent rapidement et les producteurs français, regroupés au sein de la Compagnie générale du duralumin et du cuivre (Cegédur) décident d’installer une usine des plus modernes, au cœur de l’Europe industrielle, en Alsace sur la commune de Biesheim. Afin de retracer l’histoire de ce site majeur de la filière de l’aluminium, l’Institut pour l’histoire de l’aluminium a lancé au début des années 2000 une campagne de collecte de la mémoire orale auprès des femmes et des hommes qui participèrent par leur travail en production à cette aventure industrielle. Deux de ces entretiens sont présentés dans cet article. Ils témoignent des débuts de la ligne de laminage à chaud - équipement central de ce site - et relatent l’évolution des métiers, de l’organisation du travail. Ainsi retranscrits et réunis dans un corpus sur les activités de transformation de l’aluminium, ils fournissent un précieux matériau pour retracer l’histoire d’une activité, dans ses aspects économiques, techniques et sociaux.

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Proulx, Marc-Urbain, Diane Brassard und Mathieu Bouchard-Tremblay. „Structuration au Québec de l’industrie mondiale de l’aluminium en mouvement“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 68, Nr. 1 (13.07.2023): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.068.0006.

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Ce texte offre une analyse de l’industrie de l’aluminium présente au Québec, notamment dans la « Vallée de l’aluminium ». D’abord, les changements structurels récents vécus au sein de cette industrie mondialisée en très forte croissance tendancielle sont esquissés. La filière industrielle québécoise investit diverses activités, dans l’énergie hydroélectrique, la production d’aluminium primaire, la R&D, la fabrication de produits finis, la fourniture de services spécialisés, la conception d’équipements. Le segment problématique de la filiation est celui de la transformation du métal, qui rencontre une barrière à la maturation industrielle. L’analyse de la Vallée de l’aluminium démontre que le régionalisme industriel a généré des outils de soutien endogènes à l’accélération des activités, toutefois sans réussir à lever la barrière, malgré le meilleur avantage énergétique mondial fournit aux alumineries.

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Pham Thi Mai Huong und Nguyen Thi Huong. „Study ability of protection effect of organic acids for multi-metallic anti-corrosion additive system in ethylene glycol-water coolants“. Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 62, Nr. 1 (23.02.2024): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/17071.

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In this work, the electrochemical behavior of carbon steel, brass, bronze and aluminum alloys in the presence of various important organic acids (sebacic acid (SbA), terephthalic (TPA), 2-ethylhexanoic (E2C6A), and octanoic (C8A)) and the effect that these have on the growth and protectiveness of the alloys have been investigated. The results show that the presence of organic acids in the coolant increases the protective effect of the system by forming a film on the surface of the alloys. The EIS impedance results demonstrate the formation of active and passive protective layers on the surface of the alloys. The results of surveying 04 types of organic acids for the protection of different alloy substrates show that TPA and SbA acid additives are more effective than C8A and E2C5A. The additive C8A not only did not inhibit corrosion but also promoted this process strongly, especially with aluminum alloys and the TPA has the best anti-corrosion effect for steel, followed by C1 copper alloy and aluminum.

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Liu, Yang. „Thermal enhancement of the oxidation layer of micron-sized aluminum powder and its anti-oxidation performance“. Cambridge Science Advance 2024, Nr. 1 (27.01.2024): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.62852/csa/2024/5.

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Micron-sized aluminum powder, with its typical core-shell structure, exhibits oxidation behavior upon slow heating in an oxidative atmosphere that is related to the particle size of the aluminum powder. A particle size-dependent thermal response mechanism for micron-sized aluminum powder is established: a "shell-breaking eruption" thermal response mechanism. The oxide layer is thermally enhanced, and the anti-oxidation reaction behavior mechanism of the enhanced samples is studied. Aluminum powder samples, heated slowly to specific temperatures to obtain changes in the oxide layer structure, are analyzed using a thermal analyzer to compare the slow heating response behavior of aluminum powder before and after the oxidation layer changes. It was found that after thermal enhancement of the aluminum powder oxidation layer, which changed from amorphous to γ-phase and whose thickness increased to twice the original thickness, the slow oxidation process of micron-sized aluminum powder was inhibited, and the aluminum powder was completely deactivated in the slow heating response.

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Kissell, J. Randolph. „Recent Developments in North American Aluminum Structural Design Codes“. Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.427.

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Since INALCO 2013, the two main North American aluminum structural design codes – the Canadian Standards Association’s (CSA) S157 Strength Design in Aluminum and the Aluminum Association’s Specification for Aluminum Structures – have undergone significant changes. S157’s 2015 edition is the first significant revision of the Canadian aluminum structural standard since 2005, and the 2015 update of the Specification for Aluminum Structures is the first since 2010. This paper addresses the specific changes and their trends, viewed from a larger perspective to anticipate the future direction of these codes.

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İlhan, Çağrı, und Rıza Gürbüz. „Effects of chromic acid anodizing on fatigue behavior of 7050 T7451 aluminum alloy“. Materials Testing 63, Nr. 9 (01.09.2021): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0003.

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Abstract The effect of chromic acid anodizing (CAA) surface treatment on 7050 T7451 aluminum alloy was presented in this study in terms of fatigue behavior. CAA is a treatment against corrosion by producing aluminum oxide layer (Al2O3) at the surface. However, fatigue performance of 7050 T7451 is affected by the coating. In this study, eight different CAA processes were examined with regard to etching stage of pre-treatments by using an alkaline etchant and/or acid etchants with various immersion times. Optical microscopic examinations were applied in order to determine pitting characteristics for the selection of CAA process parameters before fatigue tests. A CAA process was selected among eight processes in terms of pitting characteristics in order to apply fatigue specimens. Four fatigue test groups were determined to investigate bare condition of 7050 T7451 and sub-stages of the CAA particularly. Constant amplitude axial fatigue tests were conducted on specimens at 91 Hz at stress ratio (R) -1 until run-out criteria, which was 106 cycles. Fatigue life reduction was determined due to pretreatments of CAA. Fracture surfaces of the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate morphology and crack initiation sites.

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Baghdadi, Amirhossein, Zainuddin Sajuri und Junaidi Syarif. „Study on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of New Cu-Al Bi-Metal Tubes Versus Pure Copper Tubes“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 420 (September 2013): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.420.160.

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In recent years, heating, ventilation and air condition (HVAC) industries have attempted to find alternative materials such as aluminum for replacing copper metal because of a light weight metal with relatively lower market price compared to copper. This study characterizes microstructure and tensile properties of new Cu-Al bi-metal tubes (aluminum cladded copper (ACC) and copper cladded aluminum (CCA)) versus copper phosphorous alloy tube in order to estimate the possibility of implementing the composite tubes in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning industries. The result shows that Cu phosphorus alloy tubes has the highest tensile properties followed by CCA and ACC bi-metal tubes and different tube size does not affect the tensile properties of tube of the same type.

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Freude, D., J. Haase, H. Pfeifer, D. Prager und G. Scheler. „Extra-framework aluminium in thermally treated zeolite CaA“. Chemical Physics Letters 114, Nr. 2 (Februar 1985): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(85)85074-0.

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Moon, Ho-Jin, Jung-Hwan Lee, Joong-Hyun Kim, Jonathan C. Knowles, Yong-Bum Cho, Dong-Hoon Shin, Hae-Hyoung Lee und Hae-Won Kim. „Reformulated mineral trioxide aggregate components and the assessments for use as future dental regenerative cements“. Journal of Tissue Engineering 9 (Januar 2018): 204173141880739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731418807396.

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Mineral trioxide aggregate, which comprises three major inorganic components, namely, tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), and tricalcium aluminate (C3A), is promising regenerative cement for dentistry. While mineral trioxide aggregate has been successfully applied in retrograde filling, the exact role of each component in the mineral trioxide aggregate system is largely unexplored. In this study, we individually synthesized the three components, namely, C3S, C2A, and C3A, and then mixed them to achieve various compositions (a total of 14 compositions including those similar to mineral trioxide aggregate). All powders were fabricated to obtain high purity. The setting reaction of all cement compositions was within 40 min, which is shorter than for commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (~150 min). Over time, the pH of the composed cements initially showed an abrupt increase and then plateaued (pH 10–12), which is a typical behavior of mineral trioxide aggregate. The compression and tensile strength of the composed cements increased (2–4 times the initial values) with time for up to 21 days in an aqueous medium, the degree to which largely depended on the composition. The cell viability test with rat mesenchymal stem cells revealed no toxicity for any composition except C3A, which contained aluminum. To confirm the in vivo biological response, cement was retro-filled into an extracted rat tooth and the complex was re-implanted. Four weeks post-operation, histological assessments revealed that C3A caused significant tissue toxicity, while good tissue compatibility was observed with the other compositions. Taken together, these results reveal that of the three major constituents of mineral trioxide aggregate, C3A generated significant toxicity in vitro and in vivo, although it accelerated setting time. This study highlights the need for careful consideration with regard to the composition of mineral trioxide aggregate, and if possible (when other properties are satisfactory), the C3A component should be avoided, which can be achieved by the mixture of individual components.

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Mioche, Philippe. „A history of aluminium in South Africa“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 62, Nr. 1 (2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.062.0060.

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Péjaudier, Hervé. „Peignes en aluminium pour poilus. Autour des occurrences du mot « aluminium » dans Ceux de 14 de Maurice Genevoix“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 50, Nr. 1 (2013): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.050.0054.

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Meshcheryakov, Eugene P., Sergey I. Reshetnikov, Mariya P. Sandu, Alexey S. Knyazev und Irina A. Kurzina. „Efficient Adsorbent-Desiccant Based on Aluminium Oxide“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 6 (10.03.2021): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062457.

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The review describes the main methods of obtaining hydroxides and aluminium oxides (AO) of various structures from gibbsite. The promising techniques of obtaining AO adsorbents are discussed, namely the technique of thermal activation in the mode of pneumatic transport with gibbsite by heated air (TCA Gb) and the technique of thermal activation of gibbsite in centrifugal flash reactors (CTA Gb). The main methods of improving the adsorbent properties of AO, such as the optimisation of texture characteristics and phase composition, as well as the influence of the modification of aluminium oxide adsorbents, obtained using CTA and TCA technologies with cations of alkaline metals, are considered. It is shown that the modification allows a controlled variation of the characteristics of donor and acceptor active sites on the surface of adsorbents and, thus, a substantial increase in their adsorption activity, in particular, with respect to water vapour.

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Du, Yu, Hui Guo und Xing-Min Guo. „Formation of Calcium Ferrite Containing Aluminum (CFA) in Sintering of Iron Ore Fines“. Minerals 14, Nr. 4 (14.04.2024): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14040400.

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Calcium ferrite containing aluminum (CFA) is a precursor of the low-temperature bonding phase in the sintering process of iron ore fines for blast furnace ironmaking. Thus, improving the formation of CFA at lower temperature is very important for saving energy, improving efficiency and production. In this paper, the formation process of CFA was investigated at 1200 °C by reactions of alumina (Al2O3), respectively with a mixture of calcium oxide (CaO) and hematite (Fe2O3) and monocalcium ferrite (CF) as a recognized initial product, as well as reaction of Al-containing hematite (Hss) with CF. The result confirmed that CF is an intermediate product formed easily in the sintering process, and it may react with excessive Fe2O3 to generate an alpha-calcium iron oxide (Ca2Fe15.50O25) as a new phase. It was found that CFA can be formed directly by reactions of CF with Hss and Ca2Fe15.50O25 with Al2O3, while the reaction of CF with Al2O3 is more helpful in generating Ca2Fe15.5O25 rather than CFA, simultaneously forming a calcium aluminum oxide (CaAl2O4, CA; CaAl4O7, CA2). It was revealed that the appearance of CA and CA2 is a main reason to hinder CFA formation in the sintering process of iron ore fines.

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Rahim, Nur Liza, Syakirah Afiza Mohammed, Roshazita Che Amat, Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim, Nurhidayah Hamzah, Salmi Samsudin, Shamshinar Salehuddin, Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim und Elena Holban. „Waste to concrete material: Potential Study of Chemical Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Bottom Ash“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1216, Nr. 1 (01.07.2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1216/1/012023.

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Abstract This research focuses on the chemical properties of coal fly ash (CFA) and coal bottom ash (CBA) obtained from Sultan Azlan Shah Power Plant and compares them with the characteristics of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Coal has been recognised as a significant fuel source in Malaysia, where it is extensively employed in the creation of steel, cement, and power. When coal is burned to create power, several different types of coal ash are created, including fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and clinker. Fly and bottom ash, however, are the main coal ash waste products that have been created. In an effort to create sustainable concrete from waste, a number of studies have been carried out to ascertain the chemical characteristics of fly and bottom ash. These tests include Energy Disperse X-Ray (EDX), Mineralogy (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). From the SEM result, fly ash has smaller particles and a spherical, uniform shape than bottom ash and cement. Fly and bottom ash from the Sultan Azlan Shah power plant contain a number of elements, including Silicon (Si), Aluminium (Al), Oxygen (O), Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Carbon (C), and Sodium, according to Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) test. The fly ash is primarily an amorphous material, with the presence of quartz crystalline phase (SiO2) at 24.3% and bottom ash at 31.1%, according to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data. For the mullite phase (3AlO3.2SiO2), fly and bottom ash show results of 24.9% and 14.5%, respectively. According to an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) investigation, the main constituents of fly and bottom ash are silica, iron, and alumina. Fly ash is classified as Class F because it has a high concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 while OPC has a high CaO value. With the right composition and material preparation, CFA and CBA from the Sultan Azlan Shah Power Plant can be used as a cement replacement in concrete.

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Olakotan, Olusegun Olawale, und Jonathan Ojo Oke. „Implementing Employability Skills Module in Aluminium Fabrication And Glazing Work In Nigerian Technical Colleges“. Advanced Journal of STEM Education 1, Nr. 2 (29.11.2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ajosed.v1i2.1559.

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Facilities are essential ingredients for an all-round implementation of any skill-based programme in Technical and Vocational Education and Training. In this study, we want to ascertain the facilities that will be appropriate to implement employability skills module in aluminium fabrication in Nigerian technical colleges. Further, we employed Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to reveal that the identified facilities are appropriate for implementing employability skills module in aluminium fabrication having fulfilled all the conditions for convergent, construct and discriminant validity. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the identified facilities be given priority and procured for the successful implementation of the employability skills module in aluminium fabrication and glazing work

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Liu, Yang, und Hui Ren. „Reaction mechanism of micron-sized aluminum powders in O2 and CO2 gradually heated environment“. Cambridge Science Advance 2024, Nr. 1 (26.01.2024): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.62852/csa/2024/2.

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The behavior of aluminum powders in specific oxidized environment is different from each other obviously. Thermal behaviors of micron-sized aluminum powders in different oxygenated and gradually heating environments were discussed in order to find out the oxidation mechanism. Particular attention is paid to the reaction mechanism of oxygen and carbon dioxide atmosphere. Thermogravimetric analysis and related characterization methods are used and the results demonstrated that under the certain condition, reaction process of micron-sized aluminum powders can be divided into four stages. General routes for the oxidation of micron-sized aluminum in general heating system are the same, however, itis different among the extent of reaction at the third stage in different kinds of oxidizing gas atmospheres. Gas phased products were detected during the main reaction stage under carbon dioxide by combining thermal analysis and mass spectrometry which contributes to the rupture of alumina shell and further reaction of micron-sized aluminum powders. Consequently, rapider and more complete reaction process was achieved. The increasing thickness of original alumina shell can restrict the reaction rate of aluminum powders harder at the same time.

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Grinberg, Ivan, Maurice Laparra und Philippe Mioche. „What bauxite strategy did French aluminium producers adopt?“ Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 55, Nr. 2 (2015): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.055.0084.

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Vigna, Giorgio. „Aluminium at the service of the African art“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 62, Nr. 1 (2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.062.0121.

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Kelso, Marian. „“Aluminium Works” in Larne, County Antrim, Northern Ireland“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 67, Nr. 2 (20.01.2023): 94–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.067.0094.

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Honma, Takayuki, T. Tooyama, Yuichiro Kuroki, Tomoichiro Okamoto, Masasuke Takata, Yukihiro Kanechika, Masanobu Azuma und H. Taniguchi. „Thermal Conductivity and Cathodoluminescence of AlN Ceramics Sintered with Ca₃Al₂O₆ as Sintering Additive“. Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (Februar 2006): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.179.

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Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics with various amounts of Ca3Al2O6 (C3A) as a sintering additive were sintered at 1880°C for 50 h in N2 atmosphere. The thermal conductivity of AlN ceramics increased with increasing amount of C3A in the range from 0.5 to 4.8 mass%. Cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity attributed to oxygen-induced defects decreased with increasing amount of C3A. From the results, the increase of the thermal conductivity was considered to relate to the decrease of the oxygen-induced defects by increasing amount of C3A.

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Irigon, Paula Irigon de, Rejane Maria Candiota Tubino, Ana Paula Kirchheim, Lizete Ferret und Pedro José Sanches Filho. „Extraction of Silica from the residue of Thermoelectric Power Plants“. Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 10, Nr. 3 (17.07.2019): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2019.003.0010.

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Brazil presents the second largest coal reserves in Latin America, whose exploration is mainly focused on electricity generation. The present study was carried out to systematically evaluate the influence of various physical and chemical factors on the extraction of pure amorphous silica precipitated from coal-fired bottom ash. The coal bottom ashes (CBA) is a disposable waste from thermoelectric plants, which basically consists of oxides of silicon (80-60%), aluminium (25-20%) and iron (10-2%), being considered as raw material for silica production, by the sol-gel process. The CBA characterization was carried out by determining moisture, elemental composition (XRF), amorphism (XRD) and granulometry.The process evaluation tookplace in two stages: the quantitative evaluation that wasrelated to the quantification of the amount of silica obtained and the process variables (NaOH concentration and temperature); and the qualitative evaluationof the silica extracted. The extracted silica particles were characterized by TG, BET, XRD.Silica and aluminium contents were obtained by gravimetric analysis. Among the factors analysed, the concentration of sodium hydroxide and temperature interference were the most important. Likewise, the repeat process for the same ash sample (sequential extraction) proved to be more effective than increasing the NaOH concentration. The obtained yield was 51.34%. The silica is 89.4% pure, when 5,63% of impurities are related to aluminium oxide .

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Irigon, Paula Irigon de, Rejane Maria Candiota Tubino, Ana Paula Kirchheim, Lizete Ferret und Pedro José Sanches Filho. „Extraction of Silica from the residue of Thermoelectric Power Plants“. Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 10, Nr. 3 (09.09.2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2019.003.0010.

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Brazil presents the second largest coal reserves in Latin America, whose exploration is mainly focused on electricity generation. The present study was carried out to systematically evaluate the influence of various physical and chemical factors on the extraction of pure amorphous silica precipitated from coal-fired bottom ash. The coal bottom ashes (CBA) is a disposable waste from thermoelectric plants, which basically consists of oxides of silicon (80-60%), aluminium (25-20%) and iron (10-2%), being considered as raw material for silica production, by the sol-gel process. The CBA characterization was carried out by determining moisture, elemental composition (XRF), amorphism (XRD) and granulometry.The process evaluation tookplace in two stages: the quantitative evaluation that wasrelated to the quantification of the amount of silica obtained and the process variables (NaOH concentration and temperature); and the qualitative evaluationof the silica extracted. The extracted silica particles were characterized by TG, BET, XRD.Silica and aluminium contents were obtained by gravimetric analysis. Among the factors analysed, the concentration of sodium hydroxide and temperature interference were the most important. Likewise, the repeat process for the same ash sample (sequential extraction) proved to be more effective than increasing the NaOH concentration. The obtained yield was 51.34%. The silica is 89.4% pure, when 5,63% of impurities are related to aluminium oxide .

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Liu, Yang, und Hui Ren. „Study on the oxidation mechanism of micron- and nano-sized aluminum powders influenced by alumina shell“. Cambridge Science Advance 2024, Nr. 1 (26.01.2024): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.62852/csa/2024/4.

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Thermal behaviors for aluminum particles at oxidative atmosphere gradually heating system were discussed. Heating micron- and nano-sized aluminum powders from room temperature to 1400℃ using thermal analysis method. The results showed that the reaction process for micron-sized aluminum particles can be divided into four stages which include the phase change of oxidized shell, increasing thickness of alumina shell, main broken shell oxidizing process and the phase change of alumina shell in high temperature. Thermal analysis for micro aluminum particles was carried out with shell thickness adjustments via ambient manual means. It turned out that the oxide layer thickness would have full limitation effects on the slow oxidation for micro aluminum particles with shell structure when it was increased above twice of the original thickness. The limitation effects of oxide shell thickness on the heating processes in gradually heating system were proposed. Humidity environment can make the thickness of alumina increase in a certain range when the particles are in nano-scale. Complete oxidation processes were observed but an increase of the oxidation temperature was identified.

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Kang, Gilho, und Wonjong Choi. „A Study on the Effects of Surface Energy and Topography on the Adhesive Bonding of Aluminum Alloy“. Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 59, Nr. 8 (05.08.2021): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2021.59.8.567.

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The bonding properties of adhesives are mainly affected by surface roughness, topography and chemical adsorption. In this paper, we studied the effects of surface pretreatment of Al 2024-T3 (bare) in terms of surface roughness, topography and surface free energy. Surface pre-treatment included solvent cleaning, FPL etching, PAA and CAA treatment. The surface energy and roughness of the aluminum surface were significantly increased by the anodizing treatment. Single lap shear and fatigue tests were performed to investigate bonding properties and durability. The evaluation revealed that the surface energy and surface roughness resulting from the aluminum surface treatment had a significant impact on bonding properties and durability. PAA treated surfaces had the highest bonding strength, and CAA treated surfaces had superior bonding retention performance in hot water or salt spray environments. The results of the fatigue test most clearly demonstrated how the surface pretreatment of the aluminum alloy differently affected bonding performance.

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Rabinowitz, Maïa. „Aluminium Dunkerque. Une architecture à l'échelle d'un projet industriel“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 46-47, Nr. 1 (2011): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.046.0068.

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Mioche, Philippe, und Thierry Renaux. „The State and Aluminium in France, 19th-21st Centuries“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 69, Nr. 2 (02.02.2024): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.069.0066.

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L’histoire de l’aluminium est intimement liée à la France. Le minerai d’aluminium, la bauxite, tire son nom du village méridional des Baux-de-Provence. Le premier procédé de production du métal a été mis au point par le chimiste français Henri Sainte-Claire Deville en 1854, tandis que le procédé de production d’aluminium par électrolyse - encore utilisé de nos jours - est le résultat de travaux de l’inventeur français Paul Héroult (et, indépendamment et simultanément, de l’Américain Charles Martin Hall). Jusqu’en 1890, la seule production régulière d’aluminium est française. Pechiney, une des entreprises historiques majeures du secteur, a eu une longévité exceptionnelle dans la production d’aluminium, a traversé le XX e siècle - ses conflits, ses changements nationaux et internationaux, etc. - et a été un acteur de tout premier plan quant aux questions technologiques. Une communication de Philippe Mioche et Thierry Renaux, en forme de prolégomènes, se proposait de poser quelques jalons sur les liens entre l’aluminium, son industrie et l’État en France. Les deux articles suivants portent sur deux périodes de cette longue histoire. Le premier est consacré au « premier âge de l’aluminium » quand ce métal était rare et semi-précieux (1854-1890), le second à la période 1945-2020, des Trente Glorieuses aux restructurations contemporaines et profondes d’une industrie mondialisée.

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Choo, Thye Foo, Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh, Kuan Ying Kok, Khamirul Amin Matori und Suraya Abdul Rashid. „Characterization of High-Temperature Hierarchical Porous Mullite Washcoat Synthesized Using Aluminum Dross and Coal Fly Ash“. Crystals 10, Nr. 3 (06.03.2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10030178.

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Mixture of aluminum dross (AD) and coal fly ash (CFA) was used to produce high-temperature porous mullite for washcoat application. CFA is the combustion by-product of pulverized coal in a coal-fired power plant, while AD is a waste product produced in secondary aluminum refining. In this study, 80 wt% of AD and 20 wt% of CFA was used to prepare a mullite precursor (MP) via acid leaching and dry-milling. The precursor was coated on a substrate and subsequently fired at 1500 °C. The results showed that the precursor transformed to a hierarchical porous microstructure assembled by large interlocked acicular mullite crystals. The pore structures consisted of large interconnected open pores and small pores. The specific surface area of the mullite washcoat was 4.85 m2g−1 after heating at 1500 °C for 4 h. The specific surface area was compatible with the specific surface area of other high-temperature washcoats.

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Резанова, Н. М., und А. Ю. Сад. „ВПЛИВ НАНОНАПОВНЮВАЧА НА РЕОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ РОЗПЛАВІВ ПОЛІМЕРІВ ТА ЇХ СУМІШЕЙ“. Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 126, Nr. 5 (12.02.2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2018.5.12.

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Studying the influence of additives of nano-sized aluminium oxide on the patterns of Polypropylene (PP) and mixture PP/CPA (copolyamide) melt flow. The mixtures were obtained by the prior injection of the nano-filler to the PP melt with the further mixing of granula with CPA on the worm-disk extruder. Viscosity (η) of melts was examined by the method of capillary viscometry and the elasticity was studied by value of extrudate equilibrium swelling. The melts ability to longitudinal deformation was evaluated by the maximum stretch rating.

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Berneder, Josef, Ramona Prillhofer, Josef Enser, Gunther Rank und Torsten Grohmann. „Characterization of AMAG AL6-CHA Sheet Material for Chassis Application in the Automotive Industry“. Materials Science Forum 794-796 (Juni 2014): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.437.

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Aluminium is already extensively used in car production to reduce the CO2 emissions by weight reduction. A further beneficial effect of lightweight design can be generated in components of the chassis by reducing the weight of unsprung mass thereby enhancing the driving comfort and reducing the noise level. The medium strength alloys of the type AlMg3Mn (EN AW-5754) and AlMg3.5Mn (EN AW-5454) are currently the aluminium sheet material choice for application in chassis components. The newly developed alloy AMAG AL6-CHA was optimized with regard to chassis applications and shows the potential of significant increase of the mechanical properties compared to state-of-the-art 5xxx series alloys. AMAG AL6-CHA, which is a 6xxx series alloy with balanced Mg/Si-ratio, is characterized with regard to mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion resistance in delivery temper T4 and after artificial aging with the typical heat treatment cycle 205 °C/60 min in peak aged temper T6. Furthermore we will show the results of the Charpy-V-notch impact test and the formability is described per bend test and grain size analysis.

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Keller, Viktoria, Srećko Stopić, Buhle Xakalashe, Yiqian Ma, Sehliselo Ndlovu, Brian Mwewa, Geoffrey S. Simate und Bernd Friedrich. „Effectiveness of Fly Ash and Red Mud as Strategies for Sustainable Acid Mine Drainage Management“. Minerals 10, Nr. 8 (10.08.2020): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080707.

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Acid mine drainage (AMD), red mud (RM) and coal fly ash (CFA) are potential high environmental pollution problems due to their acidity, toxic metals and sulphate contents. Treatment of acidic mine water requires the generation of enough alkalinity to neutralize the excess acidity. Therefore, red mud types from Germany and Greece were chosen for the neutralization of AMD from South Africa, where this problem is notorious. Because of the high alkalinity, German red mud is the most promising precipitation agent achieving the highest pH-values. CFA is less efficient for a neutralization and precipitation process. An increase in temperature increases the adsorption kinetics. The maximum pH-value of 6.0 can be reached by the addition of 100 g German red mud at 20 °C to AMD-water with an initial pH value of 1.9. German red mud removes 99% of the aluminium as aluminium hydroxide at pH 5.0. The rare earth elements (yttrium and cerium) are adsorbed by Greek red mud with an efficiency of 50% and 80% at 60 °C in 5 min, respectively.

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Lu, Xuhang, Bo Liu, Qian Zhang, Quan Wen, Shuying Wang, Kui Xiao und Shengen Zhang. „Recycling of Coal Fly Ash in Building Materials: A Review“. Minerals 13, Nr. 1 (23.12.2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010025.

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Coal fly ash (CFA) is a type of solid waste produced in the process of coal combustion, which is rich in silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and a small number of heavy metals and radioactive elements. Therefore, CFA is considered a secondary resource with high recovery value. Currently, CFA is mainly reused in the fields of building materials, mine backfilling, soil conditioners and fertilizers, among which the production of building materials is one of the most important ways to realize large-scale utilization of CFA. This paper introduces the physical and chemical properties, classification and environmental impact of CFA and summarizes the utilization status of CFA in building materials such as cement, concrete, ceramics and geopolymers, as well as the management policy of CFA. In addition, the existing problems in the utilization of CFA as a building material are analyzed, and their development prospects are discussed.

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Aliyu, Hassan, A. K. Mohammed, S. A. KofarBai und K. R. Muhammad. „COMPOSITIONAL AND WEATHERABILITY INDICES OF GETSO KAOLIN DEPOSITS FOR POZZOLANA PRODUCTION“. FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, Nr. 1 (02.03.2024): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2254.

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Kaolin is an aluminio-silicate mineral naturally distributed within the earth’s crust formed from the weathering of rich feldspartic rocks. The compositional requirements of Getso kaolin deposits for pozzolana production have been carried out. The kaolin deposits were hosted by the rhyolitic rocks of the basement complex of North-Western Nigeria. Three samples from each five locations at different depths were collected and analysed using Free Swelling Ratio (FSR), Free Swelling Index (FSI), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Electron Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The FSI and FSR ranged between 0-6-0.9 and 16-36 revealing non-swelling and non-expansive Kaolinitic material. The XRF results showed the average concentration of SiO2+ Al2O3+Fe2O3: point 1 (78.99 wt.%); point 2 (78.62 wt.%); point 3 (79.14 wt.%); point 4 (80.10 wt.%) and point 5 (80.0 wt.%) suggested to be classified as N pozzolana (ASTMC 618). The Fe2O3/MgO versus SiO3 indicated the samples were products of the calc-alkaline series which is an indication of light colour kaolin deposits. The computed Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA: 91.34), Chemical Index of Weatheribility (CIW: 98.13), Index of compositional variability (CIV: 0.29), Silica Modulus Ratio (SM: 1.77), Lime Silica Ratio (LSR: 0.14) and Aluminum Iron Ratio (AIR: 30.0) indicated very strong weathering intensity high matured, high silica moderate aluminum and less ferrite. The studied kaolin could be utilized for the production of pozzolana after its being beneficiated to remove the TiO2.

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48

Plateau, Jean, Ivan Grinberg und Thierry Renaux. „Aluminium et arts tribaux dans la Collection Jean Plateau-IHA“. Cahiers d'histoire de l'aluminium 41, Nr. 1 (2008): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cha.041.0006.

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49

Liao, Fei, und Xing-Min Guo. „The Effects of Al2O3 and SiO2 on the Formation Process of Silico-Ferrite of Calcium and Aluminum (SFCA) by Solid-State Reactions“. Minerals 9, Nr. 2 (10.02.2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020101.

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The silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA) is a significant crystalline phase that bonds in high basicity sinter. Al2O3 and SiO2 play an important role in the formation of SFCA in the Fe2O3–CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 system, but the effect mechanism of Al2O3 and SiO2 on the formation of SFCA is unclear. To investigate this effect, sintering experiments were carried out with different temperatures and different times. It was found that the reaction of Al2O3 with CaFe2O4 (CF) as an initial product was easier to form during the calcium iron aluminum oxide (CFA) than that of SiO2 with CF to form SFC. This was due to the former directly forming to CFA while the latter initially formed Ca2SiO4 (C2S) and Ca2.5Fe15.5O25, and then SFC. It was also observed that when Al2O3 and SiO2 existed simultaneously, the Al2O3 initially reacted with CF to form CFA at 1100 °C, while the SiO2 participated in the formation of SFCA at 1150 °C without the formation of SFC. Moreover, it was understood that these were different effects in that the Al2O3 promoted the transformation from the orthorhombic crystal system to the triclinic crystal system, while the SiO2 dissolved into CFA to form the SFCA phase when Al2O3 existed.

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50

Saimoto, Shigeo, Michael R. Langille und Marek Niewczas. „Forensic Analyses of Stress-Strain Diagrams to Evaluate Contributions from Microstructure“. Materials Science Forum 941 (Dezember 2018): 2270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2270.

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The conventional characterization of work-hardening is to approximate the stress-strain diagram using the empirical curve-fitting of Hollomon or Voce. The new method uses the Taylor slip analyses to derive a functional form which is optimally fitted to the data. This constitutive relations analysis (CRA) duplicates the data using at least two fit loci. The fit parameters relate to the slip motion within the microstructure and hence its interpretation reveals the possible dynamic shape-change reactions. The fit-process defines a new yield stress which separates the yielding from the deformation mechanisms at large strains that breaks up into two regions separated by intersection parameters. The applications of CRA to nanovoid formation and growth leading to ductile failure, plane stress yield locus prediction using tensile tests and decoding the stress-strain diagram for age-hardened aluminum alloys have been successful. Using super-pure aluminum, this study confirms that CRA is based on crystal plasticity principles and that CRA can predict the correlation of the obstacle strength factor, α, with work-hardening, hence permitting conversion of flow stress at given strains to obstacle density. The derived results show that the inherent annihilation process and the changing strength factor are coordinated to result in a self-consistent constitutive relation.

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