Dissertationen zum Thema „Aluminates de calcium hydraté“
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Budan, Birsen. „Investigation of the early age hydration of four calcium aluminates in the framework of radioactive waste conditioning“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis Ph-D project takes place in the framework of nuclear waste conditioning in cementitious matrices. When an irradiating nuclear waste is stabilized and solidified in a cementitious matrix, the radiolysis of water molecules from the pore solution and from the hydrates themselves yields dihydrogen. In the case of highly irradiating wastes, the release of dihydrogen raises safety issues for storage and/or disposal facilities. The release of hydrogen gas by radiolysis can be limited by reducing the amount of water used for the elaboration of the cement or by choosing a cement binder with hydrates showing a good stability under irradiation. As far as radiolysis is concerned, calcium aluminate-based cements are of significant interest in comparison to calcium silicate cements. The hydration of calcium aluminate cements leads to mineralogical assemblages with a low radiolytic yield of dihydrogen. However, the hydration of these cements is sometimes too fast and incompatible with the industrial process requirements. The objective of this thesis is thus to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the hydration of the calcium aluminates present in calcium aluminate-based cements.Specifically, the course of hydration of four synthetic anhydrous calcium aluminates, varying one from each other by their C/A ratio, is studied at 25°C from the point of view of their hydration rate, their degree of hydration and the resulting mineralogical assemblages by a combination of isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Monitoring the hydration by isothermal calorimetry in pastes and by conductimetry in suspensions show that the higher the C/A ratio of the considered anhydrous phase, the higher the hydration rate. Finally, studying the hydration of each of these phases in suspension makes it possible to point out the reaction path followed by each studied system. This work also demonstrated that aluminium hydroxide formation limits the kinetics of hydration of anhydrous phases with a C/A ratio lower than or equal to 1. The results obtained in the framework of this thesis can help optimizing the design of a calcium aluminate cement-based matrix to be used for the conditioning of irradiating wastes
Nguyen, Tien Dung. „Apport des aluminates de calcium vis-à-vis de la résistance à l'eau des sulfates de calcium hydratés“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCalcium sulphate materials are economical and ecological. But their use in the construction is quite limited because of their sensibility to water. The capacity of aluminate cement (CAC) to decrease the water sensibility of calcium sulphate and the mechanisms of insensibilisation were investigated. Waterproofing of gypsum base materials was carried out by addition of small amounts of aluminate cement (≤ 30%). Different nature of calcium sulphates : gypsum, hemihydrate α and β, synthetic anhydrite was studied. The study of mechanisms of insensibilisation to water of calcium sulphate by adding cement Fondu, with different analysis of microstructure : IR, DRX, ATD-TG, MEB, revealed two approaches : formation of ettringite insoluble and formation of gel AH3 that stick soluble grains of calcium sulphate. The nature of phases of aluminate cement has influences on the mechanical properties, sensibility to water and durability of mixtures [calcium sulphate / CAC]. The studies of mixtures [synthetic anhydrite / slag / CAC] offer interesting perspectives for the development of binders with low imprint CO2
Chen, Xiaolin. „Influence des ions aluminates sur la composition, la structure et les propriétés cohésives des hydrosilicates de calcium, constituants principaux de la pate de ciment Portland hydratée“. Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePortland cement is mostly constituted of silicates and aluminates phases. When cement is hydrated, the main appearing component is calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) which results from the silicate phases hydration. The C-S-H is responsible for the cement paste setting. Aluminate phases after hydration, will produce the aluminate ions in the solution. It is well known that aluminate ions may substitute Si in C-S-H to form calcium alumino-silicate hydrate which is called C-S-A-H. This work aims to determine the effect of the Al/Si substitution on composition, structure and cohesion of C-S-H particles. C-S-H powders have been equilibrated in Ca3Al2O6 (C3A, one of cement components) hydration solutions in order to involve the Al/Si substitution in the solid. The analyses of the equilibrium solutions and solids show that C-S-A-H with tobermorite-like crystallographic structure and different Al/Si ratios have been obtained. AFM and electrokinetic investigations have been performed to describe the C-S-A-H/solution interface. An aluminum speciation on the solid has been achieved thanks to a new decomposition method of NMR 27Al spectra. By this method, we can distinguish and quantify each aluminum site in the solid and give a hypothesis of the structure based on tobermorite. With this structure, we have simulated the NMR 29Si spectra. These calculated spectra are in very good agreement with the experimental ones, which corroborates our C-S-A-H structure hypothesis. Finally, the overall quantitative analysis shows that the Al/Si ratio of C-S-H in a cement paste is around 0. 04
Kirchheim, Ana Paula. „Aluminatos tricálcico cúbico e ortorrômbico : análise da hidratação in situ e produtos formados“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe clinker composition controls the kinetics of cement hydration mainly due to the presence of potentially more reactive phases. The reaction of tricalcium aluminate C3A with water is almost immediate. Crystalline hydrates, such as C3AH6, C4AH19 and C2AH8 are quickly formed with generation of a large amount of heat. In presence of calcium sulfate, the product formed from the C3A reaction is ettringite or high-sulfate calcium aluminate. The alkalis can be incorporated into a number of phases in the clinker and often Na2O is taken up by the C3A. When C3A is synthesized in the presence of these elements, it changes its crystal lattice and the formation of the orthorhombic phases occurs. Earlier studies have already shown interesting interference from this phase on the cement hydration. Significant problems are found in white Portland cement, where the necessity of reducing the amount of tetracalcium ferroaluminate (C4AF) leads to an increase of the C3A content. There is a large gap in understanding the specific characteristics of each crystalline form of C3A in presence and absence of gypsum and calcium hydroxide. Therefore, characterization of the cement phases is important, especially when it is related to the aluminates (cubic and orthorhombic), since this would be a step to further understand the setting problems. The present study uses pure phases (cubic and orthorhombic C3A) synthesized in laboratory, to focus on the reactions independently, isolating the reactions of the others phases. The experimental research integrated two different synchrotron radiation techniques that enable the study of the hydration in situ with rheological analysis and classical techniques allowing to obtain contributions in the hydration of each C3A. The results showed that there are significant differences in the hydration of each aluminate, and the orthorhombic C3A is more reactive in early ages when in presence of gypsum, by forming ettringite first. In absence of gypsum the cubic C3A was more reactive, forming first calcium aluminates hydrates and generating a higher amount of heat. The ettringite formation and the heat evolution of pastes in presence and absence of gypsum were delayed when calcium hydroxide was present in the mixture.
Benabdillah, Jalil. „Le système alumine khi-CaO-H2O, les aluminates de calcium hydrates et les processus d'hydratation : influence de la composition, de la température et du temps“. Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenaudin, Guillaume. „I/ Etude d'un hydroxyde simple d'aluminium : La bayerite II/ Etude d'une famille d'hydroxydes doubles lamellaires d'aluminium et de calcium : les phases AFM (Aluminates Tétracalciques Hydrates)“. Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0302_RENAUDIN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAydin, Gunay Semra. „Influence de la cinétique d'hydratation des phases aluminates en présence de sulfate de calcium sur celles des phases silicates : conséquences sur l'optimum de sulfatage des ciments“. Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mechanical properties of hydrated cements need to be optimized according to the nature of cement products. Among the factors of optimization, the addition of calcium sulphate intended to regulate the reactivity of tricalcium aluminate (C3A), in quantity and quality in cement is an essential parameter.The advancement of knowledge on the mechanisms of hydration of each cement phase allows a study devoted entirely to the concept of optimum of sulphate. We studied simple system that we complicated and we studied the evolution of hydration, porosity and mechanical properties of cement at different age. The first system studied was the mixture C3S/gypsum, the objective was to determine whether there was an optimal effect of calcium sulfate on hydration and mechanical strength of C3S as presented in the literature [1]. The results showed there was not optimum sulfate in the C3S/gypsum system but there was a specific effect of calcium sulfate on the hydration and the mechanical properties of C3S. The sulfate adsorption on the C-S-H surface is the cause of the change nucleation and growth process of C-S-H. This has resulted in increasing hydration degree of C3S and compressive strength. The second system studied was biphasic clinker C3S/C3A ground with hemi-hydrate and gypsum. An optimum sulfate has been observed, which move out with time to high rate of sulfate. The optimum sulfate was observed when the hydration of C3S, during the accelerated period, takes place simultaneously or slightly before the exothermic peak due to the high dissolution of C3A and precipitation of AFm. We showed the presence of AFm during the accelerated hydration of C3S, is the cause of the microstructure modification in the cement paste: the porosity increases with calcium sulfate addition but the hydrate assembly is more dense
Beau, Daniel-Louis. „Action du dioxyde de carbone et des granulats calcaires sur les aluminates de calcium hydratés à l'équilibre de solubilité : influence des ions sulfates, réaction du calcaire finement pulverisé avec le silicate de sodium en solution alcaline“. Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGunay, Semra. „Influence de la cinétique d'hydratation des phases aluminates en présence de sulfate de calcium sur celles des phases silicates : conséquences sur l'optimum de sulfatage des ciments“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767768.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRapin, Jean-Philippe. „Synthèse et étude cristallochimique de quelques aluminates et ferrites calciques hydratés de formule [Ca2 M(OH)6]+, [X,nH2O]- avec X=Cl, Br, I, ClO4, 1/2CO3 1/2CrO4 et 1/2SO4 et M=Al et Fe“. Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0124_RAPIN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the synthesis and the crystallographic study of some calcium aluminate and calcium ferrite with structural formulae [Ca2Al1-xFex(OH)6]+ [X, nH2O]-, commonly named "AFm phases" by the cement workers. These compounds belong to the layered double hydroxide (LDH) family and are composed by the stacking of positively charged main layers, and negatively charged interlayers. It was shown that the structural transition of the AFm-Cl phase is due to an ordering of the hydrogen bonds network. The crystallographic structures of several phases, AFm-(Cl, Br), AFm-(Cl, CO3), AFm-(Cl, SO4) and AFm-(CrO4) are given. An application of AFm-Cl like iodide sensor by voltammetric detection is detailed. Finally, calcium ferrite study has shown that a solid solution between aluminium and iron exists. However the substitute of Al3+ by Fe3+ gives some structural modifications, which are clearly emphasised by Mössbauer spectrometry and EXAFS
Williamson, D. J. „Spectroscopic and related studies of hydraulic calcium aluminates and associated cement phases“. Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSuitch, Paul Raymond. „Thermochemical reactions in tungsten-matrix dispenser cathods impregnated with various barium-calcium-aluminates“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9502.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLushnikova, Anna. „Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques du béton à partir de l'insertion des nanotubes de carbone : une étude par la dynamique moléculaire“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe production of new generations of concrete with improved physical, structural and technical properties is very important, but it is not possible without the use of various types of additives. Carbon nanotubes are promising materials that possess specific properties allowing their uses for a wide variety of composite materials, including concrete. Some experimental studies have revealed that carbon nanotubes can improve the mechanical properties of concrete with a small amount of additives, providing a less defective structure of the cement matrix. However, the results are still insufficient and need to be elucidated on the processes occurring at the nano-scale in the concrete structure modified by carbon nanotubes. Thus, this thesis has as main objective the study of the improvement of the mechanical properties of the concrete modified by the carbon nanotubes. In order to model the atomic structure of the Calcium Silicate Hydrates gel, tobermorite 11Å was selected with two different Ca/Si ratios corresponding to 0.83 and 1. Various types of nanotubes incorporated into the tobermorite 11Å structure were tested to study mechanical properties of the resulting new composite. In addition, the effect of the concentration of carbon nanotubes in the cement was also detailed. Finally, we studied the effect of uniaxial pressure on the concrete structure including carbon nanotubes. The work concludes that it is possible to improve the mechanical characteristics of concrete by inserting nano-materials in general, and carbon nanotubes in particular
Chloup-Bondant, Myriam. „Etude des mécanismes réactionnels dans l'hydratation des silicates et aluminates tricalciques en présence d'un filler calcaire“. Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0003_CHLOUP_BONDANT.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study shows how limestone reacts in the hydration of tricalcium aluminate and silicate, main constituents of Portland cement. The effect of limestone is characterized for different hydration times with different analytical techniques: XRD, SEM, DSC, TGA, 29Si NMR and IR Portland cement hydration gives a pH equal to 12 to 13, so in the first part of this study, limestone solubility in basic solutions is investigated. In the second part, we show the incorporation of coexistence of these phases, the formation of solid solutions CxSyCuHz-CH occurs. Third, C3A hydration with or without limestone agrees with litterature. Endly, we study the hydration of a simple cement (C3S + C3A) with or without calcium carbonate and CaSO4. Formation of CxSyAtCuHz ,ettringite, C4ACH11 and portlandite are noted. The cohabitation of these phases entail the existence of chemical complexes and substitued ettringite. The effect of different atmospheres on the samples is also studied
Plusquellec, Gilles. „Analyse in situ de suspensions de silicate de calcium hydraté : application aux interactions ioniques à la surface des particules“. Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis project aims to study the interactions between calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and different anions (chlorides, bromides, nitrates and sulfates) in order to build a thermodynamic model and then be predictable. The simplified system CaO-SiO2-H2O is studied by synthesizing C-S-H suspensions and mixing them with different kind of salts (calcium salt or alkali salt). The influence of the temperature and the presence of aluminum in the structure of the C-S-H is also examined.A classical way to investigate this kind of system is to separate the liquid phase from the solid phase in order to analyze them separately. Nevertheless, this step has a large influence on the system, and the experimental results suffer from a really bad reproducibility.Another analysis method has then been developed in order to avoid the separation of the different phases. The results show that there is no adsorption of chlorides, bromides or nitrate on the surface of the C-S-H. They only have a role as a charge compensator in the diffuse layer around the particles in suspension.The calcium cation (in the case of calcium salt addition) can be adsorbed by C-S-H, but in a small quantity. The substitution of silicon by aluminum in C-S-H doesn’t have any influence on this phenomenon. A higher or lower temperature results in a weaker adsorption, even inexistent.Those experimental results have been reproduced by using a thermodynamic model developed in a previous study. Thus, the validity of the experimental part but also the one of the model are confirmed
Maach, Nicolas. „Modélisation cinétique de l'hydratation en systèmes dilués des aluminates de calcium : Des mécanismes chimiques aux modélisations par les Population Balance Equations“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the kinetic modeling of calcium aluminate cements (CAC) to improve the knowledge and the control of these chemical systems. The kinetic aspect of this modeling is essential since their hydration goes through several metastable states (e.g. CAC conversion). Kinetic models integrated over a volume of mortar paste already exist yet they require appropriate kinetic laws. Unfortunately, these laws are poorly identified for CACs and this is what motivates the creation of a model for mineral suspensions. The simulation of suspension allows the evaluation of these kinetic laws without the interference of granular stacking or porous network assumptions. The created model is a thermo-chemical model where the molar quantities are driven by differential-algebraic equations. The particle size information is borne by Population Balance Equations allowing to manage each physic-chemical phenomenon (e.g. Nucleation, Dissolution, Growth, Agglomeration...) independently and in a flexible way. The evaluation of this model highlighted the key role of aluminium hydroxide formation in CAC hydration. This reaction converts the excess of aluminate ions into the deficient hydroxide ion which are required by most of the hydrates. This work demonstrated that aluminium hydroxide formation is complex to explain experimentally and to model. Nevertheless, the use of prehydroxylated precursors allows a partial modeling of this reaction
Leguil, Marc. „Étude des mécanismes réactionnels de l'hydratation de l'anhydrite naturelle de Faulquemont en présence de silicates et aluminates calciques : application aux chapes autolissantes“. Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZayane, Saïd. „Evaluation des granules de phosphate dicalcique di-hydraté-phosphate tricalcique B-gentamicine dans le traitement local de l'ostéite expérimentale à Staphylococcus aureus“. Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR3302/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLocal antibiotic treatment of osteomyelitis is based on the use of gentamicin- (or tobramycin-) loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). These two aminoglycosides are effective against most cultured orthopedic microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, the most frequent cause of infection. The extensive use of PMMA as a Local Antibiotic Delivery System (LADS) has various disadvantages. Firstly, only a small proportion (about 5 to 17%) of the antibiotic is released by the cement (trapping effect). Secondly, the most significant problem is that PMMA is not resorbable and presents a physical obstacle to osteogenesis. A second surgical operation is therefore always required to remove the PMMA and to fill the cavity caused by bone loss with a bone graft or a synthetic substitute. Several absorbable synthetic substitutes, such as calcium phosphate ceramics, calcium sulfate, and polymers of polylactic-polyglycolic acids, have been investigated as antibiotic carriers. These synthetic substitutes are largely underused as LADS in clinical practice. Polymers are not perfectly biocompatible, and ceramics provide a burst release of antibiotics as a consequence of their manufacturing techniques (Antibiotic adsorption onto the carrier, after sintering of the carrier at high temperature, 1000-1200°C). We have developed a possible alternative to gentamicin loaded-PMMA for local treatment of osteomyelitis in the form of novel calcium phosphate cement (CPC): dicalcium phosphate dihydrate-β-tricalcium phosphate (DCPD-β-TCP). The biocompatibility of such a cement has been demonstrated experimentally and has been clinically confirmed for the treatment of burst fractures and for filling bone cavities in osteoporotic fractures. DCPD-ß-TCP is made in granules from 2 to 3 mm in diameter to avoid the superficial ―creeping substitution‖ observed when DCPD-β-TCP is used as a cement block. [...]
Morejón, Alonso Loreley. „Avaliação de cimentos ósseos de fosfato de cálcio com adições de aluminato e silicato de cálcio“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increased longevity of the world population and the growth of traumatic accidents in last decades, led to an increase in demand of materials and technologies for replacement of any portion or function of the human body to ensure the quality of human life. In this context, the development of new biomaterials for orthopedics and dentistry based on calcium phosphates is relevant, since they have similar chemical composition to the mineral phase of bones and teeth. The calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have composition of crystalline phases and biological response similar to calcium phosphate bioceramics used as implant material par excellence due to its high biocompatibility and excellent bioactivity; but with the difference that these can be easily shaped and adapted to the site, injected through minimally invasive means, or mixed with various drugs for a specific therapeutic action at the site of implantation. In general, both bioceramics such as CPC have low mechanical strength; whereby, the main objective of this study was to obtain new formulations of CPC with improved mechanical properties by adding components of traditional Portland cement or calcium aluminate cement. Other properties that are intended to improve with the addition of silicon compounds, are the bioactivity and osteogenic potential of the resulting materials, as it cements based on calcium silicate are highly osteogenic. For this, we chose a system based a-Ca3(PO4)2 and different formulations were designed by introducing Ca3SiO5 (C3S) or CaAl2O4 (CA), majority phases of Portland cement and calcium aluminate cements that have an excellent mechanical strength, and are biocompatible and bioactive. From the study it was found that the adittion of a 5% C3S to the a-Ca3(PO4)2 based cement, produces an increase in the mechanical properties in the long term (14d) and enhances bioactivity and cytotoxicity; however, enlarge the setting times and the degree of degradation ofaand hydrolysis of materials. The introduction of SiO2 as a modification of this formulation, resulted in a pH decreased, but in the increased of the setting times causing a noticeable loss of strength during the early stages of the reaction. Moreover, the introduction of CA reduced the compressive strength of cements, regardless of content added, and there was no improvement of this property with increasing time. However, the presence of CA allowed the production of materials less cytotoxic, and thereby to more biocompatible, as well as the increase in bioactivity relative to traditional CPC.
Bernard, Ellina. „Magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) characterization : temperature, calcium, aluminium and alkali“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK025/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe various options to store radioactive wastes in deep geological strata considered in France or Switzerland include the use of large volumes of cementitious materials for infrastructure in contact with argillaceous rocks. So-called low-pH binders were developed to minimize disruption to the surrounding rock by the alkaline plume. Studies conducted on the interaction zone between concrete and clay systematically highlighted the formation of magnesium silicate phases including magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) at the interfaces, which can presently be modeled only partially due to incomplete thermodynamic data. The purpose of this study was to characterize these phases in temperature, aluminum, calcium, and alkali conditions in order to provide the thermodynamic data and improve the calculations on physicochemical evolutions of low-pH concretes and possibly Portland concretes.M-S-H phases were synthesized from magnesium oxide and silica fume in batch experiments at different temperatures, for various times and varying Mg/Si. A large number of different techniques such as chemical solid characterizations coupled with suspension investigations and liquid analyses were used to characterize the phases synthesized. Initially a M-S-H phase with Mg/Si equal to 1 was precipitated in addition to amorphous silica and brucite whatever the total Mg/Si used for the synthesis. After long equilibration times, 2 to 3 years at 20°C or 1 year at 50 and 70°C, the Mg/Si in M-S-H ranged from ~0.8 to ~1.4. The temperature had little influence on the M-S-H formed even if the M-S-H formation occurred faster and M-S-H was thermodynamically slightly less stable when the temperature was increased. At or near to equilibrium, M-S-H phases were characterized with ill-defined structure comparable to nano-crystallite, hydrated phyllosilicates with a surface area greater than 200 m2/g. A M-S-H solid-solution model was calculated and implemented in the thermodynamic database.It was observed that M-S-H also form from calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) with a Ca/Si = 0.8 in the presence of additional magnesium. In batch experiments, a low pH of the suspensions (pH ≤ 10) destabilized C-S-H or prevented its formation and favored the precipitation of M-S-H. Detailed investigations showed that small amounts of calcium could be incorporated in M-S-H (Ca/Si ≤0.10), such that also calcium containing end-members were added to the M-S-H solid-solution. At pH ≥ 10-10.5, two separate silicate phases coexist: C-S-H and M-S-H. The interface between a simplified “low-pH” binder mimicked by C-S-H with Ca/Si = 0.8 and a magnesium-rich environment mimicked by M-S-H with Mg/Si = 0.8 confirmed these phenomena. SEM-EDS observations and reactive transport modelling using the thermodynamic data derived in the batch experiments showed the fast deterioration of the C-S-H and the precipitation of M-S-H in the C-S-H disk at the interface and a homogeneous uptake of calcium in the M-S-H disk.The increase of pH favors the sorption. M-S-H with a sodium uptake up to Na/Si ~ 0.20 and without brucite formation were observed at high pH (12.5). The sorption on M-S-H was favored in the order Na+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+. Finally, aluminum was incorporated into M-S-H to form magnesium alumino-silicate hydrate (M-A-S-H). An Al/Si ratio up to 0.2 was observed in presence of sodium aluminate or metakaolin. 27Al MAS NMR data showed that aluminum was present in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites of M-(A-)S-H. The M-(A-)S-H formed had a similar structure as M-S-H with a comparable polymerization degree of the tetrahedral silicates and a similar surface charge
Androniuk, Iuliia. „Effects of cement organic additives on the adsorption of uranyl ions on calcium silicate hydrate phases : experimental determination and computational molecular modelling“. Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCementitious materials are extensively used in the design and construction of radioactive waste repositories. One of the ways to enhance their performance is to introduce organic admixtures into the cement structure. However, the presence of organics in the pore water may affect the radionuclide mobility: organic molecules can form water-soluble complexes and compete for sorption sites. This work was designed to get detailed understanding of the mechanisms of such interactions on the molecular level. The model system has three components. First, pure C-S-H phases with different Ca/Si ratios were chosen as a cement model. Secondly, gluconate (a simple well-described molecule) is selected as a good starting organic additive model to probe the interaction mechanisms on the molecular scale. A more complex system involving polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) was also tested. The third, U (VI), is a representative of the actinide radionuclide series. The development of description of the effects of organics for radioactive waste disposal applications was the primary objective of this work. The study of binary systems provides reference data for the investigation of more complex ternary (C-S-H/organic/U(VI)). The interactions are studied by means of both experimental and computational molecular modelling techniques. Data on sorption and desorption kinetics and isotherms for additives and for U (VI) on C-S-H are acquired in this work. In parallel, atomistic models are developed for the interfaces of interest. Structural, energetic, and dynamic aspects of the sorption processes on surface of cement are quantitatively modeled by molecular dynamics technique
Laanaiya, Majdouline. „Amélioration des propriétés du ciment par insertion des nanoparticules nano-Fe2O3“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNano-engineering of cement through adding nanosized particles such as nanofibers, nanotubes and nanoparticles offers a great potential for developing new generations of cement based materials with ultra-high performance, superior strength and novel functionalities for smart and durable structural materials. The hybridization of hydrated cement phases by incorporating nano-structured materials in a bottom-up approach allows the manipulation of structural features of cement at the nano-scale that ultimately affect the performance and durability properties at the macro-scale. In particular, the addition of Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been shown to provide cement based materials with intrinsic self-sensing properties. The thesis presents an atomic scale study of nano-modified Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H), the primary binding material in cement based materials, by embedding Fe2O3 nanoparticles. In order to get more insights into the Portland cement main phases (alite and belite) that react with water to form C-S-H, ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the structural, mechanical and electronic properties along with the reactive sites of alite and belite. After examining the C-S-H structure at the atomic scale using molecular dynamics methods, Fe2O3 nanoparticles were inserted and the resulting hybrid material was studied. Different insertion modes of nanoparticles inside the C-S-H matrix were considered in order to elucidate how nanoparticles distribution affects the mechanical response of the hybrid composite Fe2O3/C-S-H. The structure with “well-dispersed” nanoparticles exhibits enhanced mechanical performance in both elastic and plastic regimes. Mechanical properties were enhanced with at least 24% increase compared to pure C-S-H. In addition, the “group effect” of inserted nanoparticles gives rise to a remarkable ductility and great resistance to the crack propagation in response to tensile loading. The necking phenomenon and structural hardening were both observed in response to tensile loading, indicating a ductile failure mode of Fe2O3-reinforced C-S-H. Ultimately, this work reveals the striking potential of Fe2O3 nanoparticles for developing high performance cement based materials with superior mechanical properties and self-sensing abilities
HIGASHI, CRISTIANE. „Investigação do processo de obtenção de aluminatos de bário e cálcio para construção e caracterização de catodos termiônicos impregnados para a aplicação em dispositivos de microondas de potência“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11463.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Adia, Jean-Luc. „Modélisation multi échelle des phénomènes de retrait et de fluage dans les matériaux cimentaires : approches numériques couplant les éléments finis et la méthode de Lattice-Boltzmann“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn pre-stressed concrete structures, creep and shrinkage tend to reduce the pre-stress forces which are initially produced so as to maintain concrete in a state minimizing traction forces and then cracks. Understanding and predicting these phenomena through models are thus highly important for the design and durability of civil engineering structures, such as containment buildings in nuclear power plants.The objective of this thesis is to develop a micromechanical modeling framework to describe shrinkage and creep in cementitious materials in a unified manner. For this purpose, the study focuses on the scale of the porous structure of the C-S-H gel where the intrinsic mechanisms of delayed strains are active. A computational homogenization approach is developed to model these phenomena in porous structures with arbitrary morphologies. An explicit description of the porous network and of the liquid phase of water during the drying/humidification process is taken into account. The mechanisms related to delayed strains in the solid phase are modeled by the microprestress-solidification theory (MPS). The simulations at the microscale are conductedbased on an original approach coupling the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite element method (FEM). The LBM is used to describe the distribution of capillary water in the porous structure, whereas the FEM serves as modeling the strain of the solid skeleton under the capillary water effets and a macroscopic load.The proposed method allows, by means of the simulations, to better understand the mechanisms related to the capillary effects in the porous structure. More specifically, taking into account realistic morphologies of microstructures and of the formed menisci lead to different regimes of shrinkage/swelling. Then, the effects of capillary pressure intensity, of surface tension and of morphologies of capillary surfaces on the elastic response of the solid skeleton are evaluated. Finally, the above approaches are extended to the case of a viscoelastic solid deformed under the action of the capillary water. From numerical observations, we propose a model is proposed to describe the creep and shrinkage of C-S-H gel in a unified way
Ohaňka, Zdeněk. „Vliv velikosti částic a způsobu přípravy na hydrataci vápenato-hlinitých fází“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376802.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTeixeira, Verônica de Carvalho. „Síntese e caracterização de cintiladores de aluminossilicatos nanoestruturados, dopados com Ce3+, Eu3+ e Mn2+“. Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3484.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNo presente trabalho uma nova rota de síntese, híbrida entre as sínteses de estado sólido e sol-gel proteico, é aplicada a um material cintilador baseado na matriz cristalina Ca2Al2SiO7 (CAS). Adicionalmente, o mecanismo de luminescência destes cintiladores nanoestruturados é estudado e um modelo é proposto. Para efeito de comparação com a rota de síntese híbrida, amostras foram também preparadas por sol-gel proteico e síntese de estado sólido, e com a variação do solvente na síntese híbrida. Os resultados de difração de raios X mostraram que as amostras apresentaram a fase cristalina de Ca2Al2SiO7 após calcinação acima de 1300°C. Durante a evolução térmica dos precursores preparados pelo método híbrido assistido por água de coco, fases cristalinas intermediárias são formadas e estas reagem com o SiO2, até a formação do CAS. As imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura indicaram que as moléculas orgânicas presentes na água de coco são decisivas no controle do tamanho e morfologia das nanopartículas obtidas pelo método híbrido, e as partículas apresentam formato esférico e tamanho médios de (36 ± 15) nm. A espectroscopia de fotoemissão revelou que o Si é o elemento mais abundante na superfície das amostras produzidas pelos métodos híbridos e síntese de estado sólido. Enquanto a absorção de raios X (XAS) mostrou que a coordenação do Si não muda durante a síntese. A XAS também indicou as valências mais abundantes dos íons dopantes do CAS e os espectros de emissão fotoluminescente e de luminescência óptica estimulada por raios X (XEOL) confirmaram que estes são os canais luminescentes dos materiais. Com a análise da estrutura fina de absorção de raios X foi possível localizar os sítios ocupados pelos dopantes no CAS, assim como estimar o tipo de defeito mais provável, gerado pela presença destes íons. Os espectros de excitação XEOL mostraram comportamentos diferentes para a luminescência na região das bordas K de absorção dos elementos da matriz. As medidas de tempo de decaimento da luminescência indicaram a obtenção de cintiladores muito rápidos, com constantes características menores que 40 ns em todas as amostras que contém Ce3+ e que o processo de decaimento também está associado à presença de armadilhas de portadores de cargas na estrutura eletrônica do material.
Storti, Enrico. „Functionalization of carbon-bonded ceramic foam filters with nano-scaled materials for steel melt filtration“. Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-235114.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCodina, Maud. „Les bétons bas pH - Formulation, caractérisation et étude à long terme“. Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlusieurs liants incorporant du ciment Portland, de la fumée de silice, des cendres volantes et / ou du laitier sont comparés. Tous ces systèmes sont caractérisés par des teneurs en ajouts très importantes, la fraction de clinker n'étant comprise qu'entre 20 et 60 %.
Après un an d'hydratation, la solution interstitielle des pâtes de liants bas pH présente des pH compris entre 11,7 et 12,2 selon la formulation, réduit de plus d'une unité par rapport aux témoins à base de CEM I ou CEM V. Cette chute de pH (comparé à celui d'un CEM I (13,5)) est concomitante i) d'une forte réduction de la concentration en alcalins dans la solution porale, ii) de la disparition ou de la diminution de la teneur en portlandite dans les matériaux, iii) et de l'enrichissement en silice des C-S-H.
Ces liants ont été utilisés avec succès pour mettre au point des bétons bas pH haute performance (pH de la solution interstitielle compris entre 10,7 et 11,6 selon les liants) avec les outils classiques du génie civil.
Enfin, des études de lixiviation en eau désionisée montrent que les pâtes de liants bas pH se décalcifient environ 4 fois moins vite que celle à base de ciment Portland. Les évolutions minéralogiques et les flux lixiviés par l'eau pure (pH 7) à 25 °C ont pu être modélisés à l'aide du code HYTEC en associant deux modules de réactivité chimique et de transport par diffusion.
Vyskocilova, R., W. Schwarz, D. Muncha, David C. Hughes, R. Kozlowski und J. Weber. „Hydration processes in pastes of Roman and American Natural Cements“. 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydration of five Roman and American natural cements was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy of cement pastes. Two cements were prepared in the laboratory by burning marls from geological sources in Poland (Folwark) and Austria (Lilienfeld). The selection of raw materials and burning conditions were optimized so that the hydraulic nature and appearance of the final burnt materials matched as closely as possible historic Roman cements widely used in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries in Europe to decorate buildings. Three other cements are produced commercially: quick setting Prompt cement from Vicat, France, and Rosendale cements from Edison Coatings Inc., USA. The hydration of the cements studied was shown to comprise two distinct stages. The immediate setting and early strength is due to the formation of calcium aluminum oxide carbonate (or sulfate) hydroxide hydrates. The development of long-term strength is brought about by the formation of calcium silicate hydrates. Similarities and differences between the individual cements are discussed.