Zeitschriftenartikel: „Alternative agriculture“

1

HILEMAN, BETTE. „Alternative Agriculture“. Chemical & Engineering News 68, Nr. 10 (05.03.1990): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n010.p026.

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2

Francis, Charles A. „Alternative agriculture“. Agricultural Systems 39, Nr. 2 (Januar 1992): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(92)90109-2.

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3

Gliessman, S. R. „Alternative agriculture“. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 41, Nr. 1 (Juni 1992): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(92)90197-j.

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4

Gliessman, S. R. „Alternative agriculture“. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 43, Nr. 3-4 (Februar 1993): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(93)90100-4.

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5

Smith, Katherine Reichelderfer. „Making alternative agriculture research policy“. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 10, Nr. 1 (März 1995): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006044.

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AbstractThe policies influencing the American agricultural research agenda are developed by Congress, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the 58 state agricultural experiment stations of the land-grant university system, with input from various advisory groups. Despite the slow pace of change in the agricultural research agenda, there are no special barriers keeping the research system from adapting to contemporary and alternative agriculture issues. Rather, agricultural researchers have neither appropriate professional incentives nor sufficient financial incentives to shift toward alternative agriculture. Public intervention to alter these incentives has been thwarted because agricultural research institutions set their agendas through obscure processes. Five areas of policy change that could improve the prospects for evolution of a significant alternative agriculture research agenda are: 1) imposing a means test for formula fund payment limitations to states, with saved funds directed toward alternative agriculture research; 2) making priority setting a condition for receiving federalfunds for agricultural research to make the research agenda-setting process clearer to all interested parties; 3) requiring that federally funded research programs be categorized by the specific social goals toward which they are directed, to aid in judgments about the relevance of specific public agricultural research programs; 4) requiring information on research programs to be reported in a way that is specifically relevant to the alternative agriculture agenda; 5) formally involving public citizens and farmers in reviewing agricultural research grants to assure that the usefulness of proposed research is weighed along with scientific merit. These proposals complement current interest in making science generally more responsive to national priorities, and are entirely feasible within current agricultural research policy processes. Their effectiveness, however, is limited by the shrinking influence of federal funding in the state agricultural experiment station system, and they are only incremental changes within the existing system rather than radical reforms toward an alternative research system.

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6

Beus, Curtis E., und Riley E. Dunlap. „Agricultural policy debates: Examining the alternative and conventional perspectives“. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 8, Nr. 3 (September 1993): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300005129.

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AbstractControl of agricultural policymaking by the “agricultural establishment” has been challenged by a wide range of interests concerned with the externalities of modern industrialized agriculture. An “externalities/alternatives” or “ex/al” coalition appears to be an emerging force in agricultural policy debates. We surveyed three alternative agriculture groups, three conventional agriculture groups, and a statewide sample of farmers to learn whether each category forms a distinct, unified interest group whose perspectives on agricultural policy diverge substantially from the others'. There is considerable similarity among the alternative agriculture groups and among the conventional agriculture groups, the differences between them being much greater than the differences within each category. The statewide farmer sample is generally intermediate between the two sets of interest groups, but is closer to the conventional perspective on most issues.

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7

Bainé Szabó, Bernadett. „Alternative Income Sources in the Agriculture of Settlements Along the Hortobágy“. Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, Nr. 10 (11.05.2003): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/10/3500.

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Agriculture has played a dominant role among the income sources of population living along the Hortobágy just like in any other rural areas. I represent the situations of settlements along the Hortobágy by studying four of them, such as Balmazújváros, Hortobágy, Tiszacsege and Egyek. Big companies having worked in the examined settlements had significance in ensuring local working facilities, and restraining people from leaving. Acts dating back to the beginning of the 1990’ies, privatisation, transformation of the state farm and co-operatives have decreased the rate of employment in agriculture. Alternative income sources relating to agriculture, such as bio-farming by alternative plants, herb production and rural tourism will determine the future of agriculture in this area due to the closeness of the Hortobágy National Park, the unique but unfavourable natural conditions for agricultural production, financial aids by the National Agricultural Environmental Programme and the imminent EU-membership. In this way supporting these activities may ensure the livelihood of ex-agricultural workers and alternative income for those working in agriculture.I am going to deal with two issues in this article:• with the change of the role of agriculture in the examined settlements,• with economic analyses of alternative income sources by a model of a family farm.

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8

López-Cortés, Alejandro, und Yolanda Maya-Delgado. „Cryptobiotic cyanobacteria: an alternative in organic agriculture“. Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 109 (01.08.2003): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2003/0109-0387.

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9

Quintero Rueda, Angie Johanna, Flor Marina Reinosa Ortiz, Katherin Dayana Ortiz Blandón, Luis Felipe Pinzón Rincon und Carlos Alberto Gómez Cano. „Alternatives to agricultural production different from the traditional way“. Management (Montevideo) 1 (11.12.2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.62486/agma202310.

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Modern agricultural production is characterized by being responsible for the supply of food, fiber, active ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry and raw materials for a variety of industries, it is dedicated to the cultivation of the land in order to obtain products intended for human use and animal food, whose purpose is the production, breeding of plants and food, through crops or pastures, thus, agriculture benefits the family unit, workers, and people who consume part of it daily, In this case we are based on agricultural production alternatives different from the traditional way, this alternative agriculture is a system that, instead of using agricultural inputs, carries out specific practices depending on the characteristics of each ecosystem, they are alternative productions to the that enable the economic development of the region or provide added value to traditional productions, There are several types of agriculture in the world, such as traditional agriculture, natural agriculture, organic agriculture, industrial agriculture, among others, Alternative agriculture includes the use of vegetable or animal manure instead of chemical fertilizers, integrated pest management instead of chemical pesticides, which, by saving on chemicals, organic farmers obtain more income that contributes to developing the economy of the areas rural. It does not contaminate soil or water and consumes less energy than conventional agriculture, which benefits the environment

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10

Perfecto, Ivette. „Alternative vs. Conventional Agriculture“. Ecology 75, Nr. 2 (März 1994): 573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939562.

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11

Lampkin, N. „Book Review: Alternative Agriculture.“ Outlook on Agriculture 20, Nr. 2 (Juni 1991): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709102000215.

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12

Crosson, Pierre. „What is alternative agriculture?“ American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, Nr. 1 (März 1989): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002599.

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13

Madden, J. Patrick. „What is alternative agriculture?“ American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, Nr. 1 (März 1989): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002605.

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14

Oppenheim, Sara. „Alternative Agriculture in Cuba“. American Entomologist 47, Nr. 4 (2001): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/47.4.216.

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15

Paulson, Deborah D. „Minnesota extension agents' knowledge and views of alternative agriculture“. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 10, Nr. 3 (September 1995): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006287.

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AbstractI interviewed 19 county agricultural extension agents about their views of alternative agriculture as it is being promoted by sustainable agriculture groups in Minnesota. They varied considerably in how much they knew about it, their openness to it, and how heavily they were involved in it County extension agents share broad economic and environmental goals with sustainable farming advocacy groups, but many believe that agriculture is already working to meet those goals and are skeptical of the feasibility of alternative agriculture. Extension agents generally did not accept as realistic a primary social goal of sustainable agriculture advocates: maintaining the number of family farms. If county extension agents and sustainable agriculture groups in Minnesota are to work together for more sustainable agriculture, open discussion is needed on the goals of agriculture and visions for its future.

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16

GC, Yubak Dhoj. „Bipesticides: effective alternative to organic Nepal“. Journal of Agriculture and Environment 16 (01.06.2015): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v16i0.19842.

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Historically agriculture has been the major -culture to the majority of the Nepalese people, however, in recent days, the trend is gradually shifting towards other sectors like business and services. The dependency on agriculture both on direct and indirect has been declining from 90% to 65%, indicating towards its specialization, commercialization and diversification. This has further necessitated to the high input based agriculture, especially chemical fertilizers, pesticides and seeds. At the same time, considerable interests are pounding on the organic agriculture. This fact has becoming evident due to growing demands of organic produce within and outside the country. Nepal can earn money by producing and exporting of organic agricultural produce to its neighboring countries- China and India. In this context, Nepal is situated on the strategic point where it may take the advantages from the flourishing economy of its giant neighbors. Nepal can choose natural farming as well to rely on the use of biorational compounds like biopesticides for combating biotic and abiotic stresses. Very importantly, such products need producing within the home country and are made accessible to the farmers.

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17

O'connell, Paul F. „Sustainable Agriculture-a Valid Alternative“. Outlook on Agriculture 21, Nr. 1 (März 1992): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100103.

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The concepts of sustainable agriculture have been much debated in recent years. The emphasis in this paper is on alternative farming practices that optimize on-farm techniques to control pests and satisfy nutrient requirements; and that address broader ecological and societal goals. This contribution focuses on the economic findings and barriers to adopting sustainable farming practices in the USA. These issues are of major concern to policymakers, agribusiness and producers. Shifts are occuring in American agriculture, but major adjustments in farming practices will not occur until farm policy is changed and economic, environmental, and social goals are fully incorporated into the accounting framework.

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18

Batie, Sandra S. „Alternative Agriculture: National Research Council“. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 32, Nr. 3 (April 1990): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1990.9929019.

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19

LEPKOWSKL, WLL. „Debate Builds over Alternative Agriculture“. Chemical & Engineering News 67, Nr. 48 (27.11.1989): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v067n048.p038.

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20

Cone, Cynthia, und Andrea Myhre. „Community-Supported Agriculture: A Sustainable Alternative to Industrial Agriculture?“ Human Organization 59, Nr. 2 (01.06.2000): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.59.2.715203t206g2j153.

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Community-supported agriculture (CSA) seeks to create a direct relationship between farmers and those who eat their food—farm members or shareholders. Data from a five-year study of eight CSA farms are used to examine the perceptions and behavior of farm members in three different ways: their motivations for membership, the role of women in initiating and maintaining farm membership, and how the extent of membership participation relates to member perceptions about and commitment to their farms. We interpret the significance of our results using Gidden's concept of modernity and Etzioni's concept of communitarianism. Finally we raise questions about the long-term sustainability of CSA, given the lifestyle and needs of the farmers in tension with the constraints and competing values of shareholders.

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21

Donham, Kelley J., und Beth Larabee. „The Changing Face of Agricultural Health and Safety – Alternative Agriculture“. Journal of Agromedicine 14, Nr. 1 (12.02.2009): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10599240802463602.

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22

K, Minami. „Strengthen the Partnership Between Alternative Agriculture and Alternative Medicine“. Acta Scientific Agriculture 5, Nr. 6 (26.05.2021): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asag.2021.05.1012.

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23

Batie, Sandra S., und Daniel B. Taylor. „Widespread adoption of non-conventional agriculture: Profitability and impacts“. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, Nr. 3-4 (Dezember 1989): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002952.

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AbstractConventional agriculture is increasingly criticized as being too concentrated in ownership; too reliant on technology, petroleum-based inputs, and credit; too specialized and ecologically unsound; and too dependent on government subsidies. Alternative agriculture is offered by many as an alternative, and we discuss the possible impacts of its widespread adoption on farm income, yields, regions, labor, trade, environmental quality, and farm structure. The profitability of alternative agriculture is also examined - in so doing, a distinction is made between the adoption of low-input practices and a more holistic alternative agricultural system.

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Mathur, Shivangi, Hunny Waswani, Deeksha Singh und Rajiv Ranjan. „Alternative Fuels for Agriculture Sustainability: Carbon Footprint and Economic Feasibility“. AgriEngineering 4, Nr. 4 (19.10.2022): 993–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering4040063.

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Agriculture is the foremost source of food for humans. Fossil fuels are typically used to operate farm machines, contributing to carbon emissions and accelerating climate change. It is possible to mitigate environmental damage by promoting renewable or alternative fuels, namely biofuels, solar energy, biomass, wind, geothermal, small-scale hydro, and wave power. Biofuels are considered as low carbon-emitting alternatives to conventional fuels. The use of biofuels promotes reduced emissions of greenhouse gases and reduces the related detrimental impact of transport. As an alternative to fossil fuels, renewable fuels seem to present a promising scenario. However, if low carbon products are promoted, analysis of each particular product’s GHG emissions and carbon footprint (CF) is needed. Nowadays, CF is considered as the prime indicator of environmental impact, and its calculation is in utmost demand. Agriculture significantly benefits from the use of renewable resources. The carbon footprint measurement has the potential to assess and compare carbon emissions generated by agricultural products and to identify points for improving environmental performance. Several studies have compared alternative fuels with conventional fuels, and it has been proven that using alternative fuels can significantly reduce traditional fuel consumption. Bioenergy includes a number of socio- economic, technical as well as environmental benefits that helps in achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDG). The aim to end malnutrition and hunger (SDG 2) requires a sustainable system for food production as well as resilient agriculture practices to improve agricultural productivity. The revenues from bioenergy projects can provide food and a better diet for small farming communities, thereby improving their quality of life. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive outlook of the role of alternative or biofuels in the agriculture sector, in terms of economic feasibility and carbon footprint, for sustainable development. This review also discusses the various generations of biofuels in attaining carbon neutrality, biofuel’s impact on the environment, applications in agriculture, and limitations.

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Makosembu, Jhon. „Global Warming: Impacts on Society and Alternative Solutions Taken“. Journal Siplieria Sciences 1, Nr. 1 (24.09.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jss.v1i1.1.

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This article discusses the revitalization of agriculture through the knowledge of the extension agents to the community about the socioeconomic of agriculture. The interesting thing is that the potential of each region to develop agribusiness is very different. Therefore, to develop extension services that support the development of agribusiness, it is necessary to examine carefully the potential of each region. So that the diversity of extension materials must be made possible by innovation. Agricultural extension is expected to be the central point of agricultural development. However, in agricultural extension it must be remembered that extension is a form of intervention against farmers. Progressive and effective agricultural extension workers must be supported and collaborate closely with the Agricultural Research Institute including socio-economic research on agricultural extension which simultaneously conducts monitoring and evaluation of agricultural extension continuously. In disseminating information, the extension worker must carry out a reciprocal process, namely conveying information in the form of researchers' findings to farmers. Sustainable agricultural development really requires the support of strong agricultural technology and socio-economic research results. Without this, agricultural development will stagnate. Therefore, people's participation in planting knowledge needs to be increased.

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Flachs, Andrew. „Development roles: contingency and performance in alternative agriculture in Telangana, India“. Journal of Political Ecology 25, Nr. 1 (01.12.2018): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.22387.

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Paul Richards invokes the metaphor of performance in agriculture to highlight the ways in which farmers improvise and draw on repertory knowledge to address new and unexpected problems in the field. This skillset helps farmers respond to shifting weather patterns or changing pest cycles, but it also helps farmers take advantage of new markets, technologies, and development interventions – a question of planning and context as much as improvisation in the moment. This article discusses two intervention failures and one success in Telangana cotton agriculture, arguing that such agricultural interventions succeed when farmers can align development performances with their own visions of development and agricultural success. In doing so, it offers a political ecology of farmer performance on two levels. First, it brings attention to the ecological and socioeconomic factors that inspire performances and structure farmer improvisations. Second, it argues that development initiatives must recognize their efforts as embedded within local agricultural planning and contingent on local calculations of social capital. In two ultimately unsuccessful interventions, farmers withdrew from programs that required investments of time and agricultural methods but did not underwrite important social and agricultural vulnerabilities identified by participants. In one successful intervention, farmers found that an NGO's willingness to respond to their agricultural needs and provide a stage for the cultivation of a local celebrity more than compensated for the new demands of non-certified organic agriculture. In a rural Indian context, where farming is a moral as well as agricultural process, the performance of a development identity is an integral part of performances and plans that guide farmer decision-making. Because these performances create a knowledge that cannot be separated from actors, roles, and stages present, these contingent performances ultimately have lasting impacts on the agrarian landscape.Key Words: India, alternative agriculture, performance, knowledge

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27

Movahedi. „Exploring Alternative Solutions Regarding Conservation Agriculture“. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 6, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2011.105.109.

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28

Setboonsarng, Sununtar, und Jonathan Gilman. „Alternative Agriculture in Thailand and Japan“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 8, Nr. 1 (Juli 1998): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119980104.

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29

Rosset, P. „Alternative agriculture and crisis in Cuba“. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 16, Nr. 2 (1997): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/44.592253.

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30

Zook, Lee. „The Amish Farm and Alternative Agriculture“. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 4, Nr. 4 (20.09.1994): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j064v04n04_04.

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31

LEPKOWSKI, WIL. „Farmers urged to adopt alternative agriculture“. Chemical & Engineering News 67, Nr. 37 (11.09.1989): 5a—6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v067n037.p005a.

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32

HILEMAN, BETTE. „ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE: Concept finds unexpected support“. Chemical & Engineering News 68, Nr. 24 (11.06.1990): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n024.p004.

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33

Vandermeer, J. „The Ecological Basis of Alternative Agriculture“. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 26, Nr. 1 (November 1995): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.26.110195.001221.

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34

Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva, und Irene Maria Cardoso. „Alternative agriculture in the Third World“. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, Nr. 3 (September 1992): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004574.

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35

MARSH, JOHN S. „Alternative policies for agriculture in Europe“. European Review of Agricultural Economics 14, Nr. 1 (1987): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/14.1.11.

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36

Kloppenburg, Jack. „Alternative agriculture and the new biotechnologies“. Science as Culture 2, Nr. 4 (Januar 1991): 482–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505439109526325.

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37

Beus, Curtis E., und Riley E. Dunlap. „The Alternative-Conventional Agriculture Debate: Where Do Agricultural Faculty Stand?1“. Rural Sociology 57, Nr. 3 (03.02.2010): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1992.tb00470.x.

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38

Buttel, Frederick H., Gilbert W. Gillespie, Rhonda Janke, Brian Caldwell und Marianne Sarrantonio. „Reduced-input agricultural systems: Rationale and prospects“. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 1, Nr. 2 (1986): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300000898.

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AbstractIn many respects the long standing and vigorous debates over alternative agriculture and organic farming are becoming less strident and less polarized. However, despite the mounting evidence that key elements of both the conventional and alternative agricultural communities are beginning to “build bridges” to each other, and to establish formal institutional programs and arrangements for improved communication and program development, important differences continue to separate the proponents and opponents of alternative agriculture. In part, these lingering differences result from the lack of adequate and reliable data, misinformation, and faulty data analyses. In order to clarify those issues which continue to divide the critics and advocates of alternative agriculture, this reappraisal of the debate begins with a methodological critique of comparison studies of conventional and organic farms. Also included is an assessment of fertilizer and pesticide use in American agriculture, the environmental impacts of conventional and reduced-input systems, the relationship between alternative agriculture and efforts to save the family farmer, and the prospects for increased public sector research on reduced-input farming systems.

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Muenster, Daniel. „Performing alternative agriculture: critique and recuperation in Zero Budget Natural Farming, South India“. Journal of Political Ecology 25, Nr. 1 (16.12.2018): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v25i1.22388.

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This article explores how 'Zero Budget Natural Farming', an Indian natural farming movement centered on its founder and guru Subhash Palekar, enacts alternative agrarian worlds through the dual practices of critique and recuperation. Based on fieldwork among practitioners in the South Indian state of Kerala and on participation in teaching events held by Palekar, I describe the movement's critique of the agronomic mainstream (state extension services, agricultural universities, and scientists) and their recuperative practices of restoring small-scale cultivation based on Indian agroecological principles and biologies. Their critique combines familiar political-ecological arguments against productionism, and the injustices of the global food regime, with Hindu nationalist tropes highlighting Western conspiracies and corrupt science. For their recuperative work, these natural farmers draw, on one hand, on travelling agroecological technologies (fermentation, spacing, mulching, cow based farming) and current 'probiotic', microbiological, and symbiotic understandings of soil and agriculture. On the other hand, they use Hindu nativist tropes, insisting on the exceptional properties of agrarian species native to, and belonging to India. I use the idea of ontological politics to describe the movement's performances as enacting an alternative rural world, in which humans, other-than-human animals, plants, mycorrhizae, and microbes are doing agriculture together.Keywords: agricultural anthropology; alternative agricultures; naturecultures; critique; ontological politics; small-scale cultivators; India; Kerala; Subhash Palekar

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Sauer, Richard. „Meeting the challenges to agricultural research and extension“. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 5, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1990): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003684.

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AbstractThe public agricultural research and extension system has provided the foundation for great improvements in U.S. agricultural production. However, our incomparable productivity has brought with it serious problems. These problems have also led to a rapidly changing perception about both agricultural scientists and today's conventional agriculture. Critics are placing high on the agenda of the agricultural research and extension establishment the need for alternative technologies that are more sustainable and less exploitative of our resources. The growing demand for alternative systems offers challenges for every part of the establishment-research and extension administrators, branch station/research center directors, and faculty. These challenges and how they should be met are discussed. Alternative systems will become the conventional agriculture of tomorrow.

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Peneva, Mariya, und Yanka Kazakova-Mateva. „Local Food Systems and Rural Development in Bulgaria“. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 15, Nr. 4 (31.12.2015): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2015.15.4.63.

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Recently there has been a renewed interest in alternatives to shorten the food supply chain, allowing more direct links between producers and consumers and localizing food systems. This paper examines alternative local food chains as part of rural development and how to encourage and facilitate their growth in order to contribute to rural vitality and sustainable agriculture. It focuses on some research findings of the Bulgarian team in the project entitled “Farming transitions: Pathways towards regional sustainability of agriculture in Europe” (FarmPath), financed by the 7th FP of the EC. The innovative initiatives that define development of new alternative forms of agricultural local food supply chains, combined with nature-friendly production practices, rural tourism, traditional food production and development of the territory of three rural areas are presented and analysed. The sustainability dimensions that the alternative supply chains may lead up to in the rural regions were also drawn.

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42

Bowers, J. „Sustainability, Agriculture, and Agricultural Policy“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, Nr. 8 (August 1995): 1231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271231.

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In this paper, the problem of achieving sustainable development in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other policy suggestions is examined. Sustainable development is defined as a commitment to conserve necessary biological, cultural, and aesthetic capital for future generations. This is not a costless process. Constraints are required on current economic activity, entailing sacrifices by the current generation, if sustainability requirements are to be met. Specific wildlife sites within the farmed landscape are critical to the sustainability programme. Conservation of these sites entails the continuation of specific and often technically obsolete farming practices. Their conservation cannot be ensured by the practice of efficient sustainable agriculture as advocated by the authors Pretty and Howes. Furthermore, those authors are wrong in believing that such agriculture could be profitable without continuing subsidy. The approach of the CAP is to make payments for the practices necessary to safeguard these sites. However, the economic sustainability of the CAP is doubtful. Its costs are excessive and reforms are not reducing the excessive financial burden and resource costs. Alternative reform packages involving conservation through cross-compliance have even greater resource costs. The ability to safeguard these critical sites in the long run is therefore questionable. This suggests there is a need to rethink sustainability requirements for cultural and biological diversity.

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Kawamura, Yoshio. „ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT FROM FORDISM TO NICHISM FOR ASIAN AGRICULTURE IN GLOBALIZING ERA“. Journal of Asian Rural Studies 1, Nr. 1 (05.01.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v1i1.719.

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The 21st Century has become a more globalized society which is directly associated with very quick development of high technology in the field of information science. Any country has to face the problem to develop itself under this international environment. Especially agriculture is the most difficult industry to adjust this change because of its peculiarity which is directly determined by the natural and social environment within the country. This paper deals with a basic strategy for agricultural development in the globalizing economy, based on its socioeconomic characteristics. The paper argued that the relationship between industries and economic globalization is directly determined by the combinations of mobility of inputs (resources) and mobility of outputs (products). Most of industries have a significant positive correlation between these mobility but agriculture is placed in a peculiar position: land, which is the most important and basic input for agricultural production, has no mobility and can be supplied only locally, while its outputs, farm products or food, are traded commodities with a relatively high degree of mobility and are demanded globally across national boundaries. For this reason, agriculture is the industry for which it is most difficult to cope with globalization. This paper clarifies the peculiarity of agriculture by socioeconomic approach to get a sustainable development in globalizing economy.

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Duram, Leslie Aileen. „Taking a pragmatic behavioral approach to alternative agriculture research“. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, Nr. 2 (Juni 1998): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007724.

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AbstractThis article seeks to stimulate thought on the philosophy behind agricultural research. Pragmatism is identified as a philosophical basis for studying environmental issues that focus on human behavior. The ways in which this approach is applicable to the study of alternative agriculture are illuminated. “Behavioral pragmatists” differ from “behavioral positivists” in their aim, focus, process, and approach to research. I describe the main goals of the pragmatic behavioral approach: accepting a systems approach to study the interrelationships between humans and the environment; gaining understanding through human experiences; viewing problems as whole complex “problematic situations”; and promoting social activism and appropriate policy formulation. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods is often most effective. Pragmatism allows for holistic analysis that incorporates numerous factors that influence human uses of the environment. A specific example shows how behavioral pragmatism is effective in research on alternative agriculture.

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Patel, Shalu, Savita Dixit, Kavita Gidwani Suneja und Nilesh Tipan. „Second Generation Biofuel – An Alternative Clean Fuel“. SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 7, Nr. 3 (26.03.2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v7i3.364.

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Renewable energy resources are in high demand to decrease dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuel industries, particularly bioethanol and biodiesel, have been rapidly increasing in tandem with agricultural production over more than a decade. First-generation biofuel manufacturing is heavily reliant on agriculture food sources like maize, sugarcane, sugar beets, soybeans, and canola. As a result, the intrinsic competitiveness among foods and fuels has been a point of contention in community for the past couple of years. Existing technological advancements in research and innovation have paved the way for the manufacturing of next-generation biofuels from a variety of feedstock’s, including agricultural waste materials, crops remnants and cellulosic biomass from high-yielding trees and bushes varieties. This report discusses the existing state of second-generation biofuel manufacturing as well as the feedstock utilized in fuel production, biofuel production globally and the current situation in India. This study also explores the current advancements in the findings and advancement of second-generation biofuel extraction from various feedstock’s. The forthcoming directions of agriculture and energy industrial sectors has also been addressed in order to feed the world 's growing population and to fuel the world's most energy-intensive industry, transportation.

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Bärlund, I., H. Lehtonen und S. Tattari. „Assessment of environmental impacts following alternative agricultural policy scenarios“. Water Science and Technology 51, Nr. 3-4 (01.02.2005): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0582.

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Finnish agriculture is likely to undergo major changes in the near and intermediate future. The future policy context can be examined at a general level by strategic scenario building. Computer-based modelling in combination with agricultural policy scenarios can in turn create a basis for the assessments of changes in environmental quality following possible changes in Finnish agriculture. The analysis of economic consequences is based on the DREMFIA model, which is applied to study effects of various agricultural policies on land use, animal production, and farmers' income. The model is suitable for an impact analysis covering an extended time span – here up to the year 2015. The changes in land use, obtained with the DREMFIA model assuming rational economic behaviour, form the basis when evaluating environmental impacts of different agricultural policies. The environmental impact assessment is performed using the field scale nutrient transport model ICECREAM. The modelled variables are nitrogen and phosphorus losses in surface runoff and percolation. In this paper the modelling strategy will be presented and highlighted using two case study catchments with varying environmental conditions and land use as an example. In addition, the paper identifies issues arising when connecting policy scenarios with impact modelling.

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Tabaković, Marijenka, Vesna Dragičević, Ratibor Štrbanović, Ivana Živković, Milan Brankov, Sveto Rakić und Violeta Oro. „Application of alternative methods of crop protection in sustainable agriculture“. Selekcija i semenarstvo 29, Nr. 1 (2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/selsem2301043t.

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Environmental problems such as global warming, pollution, and the decline of plant species biodiversity are leading to new social trends and discussions. A relatively new idea of global sustainable development aims to meet societal demands while protecting and enhancing natural resources. The main tools used in the implementation of natural resource protection measures are sustainable development indicators. One of these indicators is the damage caused by the use of synthetic chemicals in agriculture. In Serbia, agriculture is an important sector of the economy with different levels of technological progress, from extensive to intensive. The degree of pollution and its impact on the environment varies according to agricultural production. The challenges faced by modern agricultural production in conditions of technological progress have led to the intensification of production, but have also caused concern about maintaining the natural balance of cultivated land and product quality. The application of innovative technologies for crop protection without the use of chemical agents is a step that should reduce the environmental damage caused. Among the most important natural metabolites and secondary products of aromatic plants used as biopesticides are essential oils. The biological activities of essential oils (EOs) in agriculture have antimicrobial and herbicidal effects. The various bioactive components of the oil determine its action. In nature, they play an important role in protecting plants from bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects. In most weeds, the oils penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane of the cell as typical lipophiles and cause its multilayers of polysaccharides, fatty acids and phospholipids to lose their structure and become permeable. Chlorosis, necrosis, and growth inhibition are symptoms of damage caused by the application of essential oils to plants. Although the physiological effects of the oil are not yet well studied, the importance of its use and other natural metabolites indicates its value for sustainable agriculture.

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Dahiya, Harender Singh, und Yogendra Kumar Budania. „Biochar: A Potential Alternative for Sustainable Agriculture“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, Nr. 10 (10.10.2018): 410–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.044.

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Chiappe, Marta B., und Comelia Butler Flora. „Gendered Elements of the Alternative Agriculture Paradigm“. Rural Sociology 63, Nr. 3 (September 1998): 372–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1998.tb00684.x.

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Weintraub, Irwin. „Alternative Agriculture: Selected Information Sources- Part I:“. Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 1, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1993): 41–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j108v01n03_08.

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