Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „All-white jury“
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Anthony, Thalia, und Craig Longman. „Blinded by the White: A Comparative Analysis of Jury Challenges on Racial Grounds“. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i3.419.
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Indigenous peoples in Australia, the United States and Canada are significantly overrepresented as defendants in criminal trials and yet vastly underrepresented on juries in criminal trials. This means that all-white juries mostly determine the guilt of Indigenous defendants or white defendants responsible for harming Indigenous victims. In this article, we explore cases in which Indigenous defendants have perceived that an all-white jury’s prejudice against Indigenous people would prevent them receiving a fair trial. It focuses on Indigenous defendants (often facing charges in relation to protesting against white racism) challenging the array of all-white juries. Across these cases, Australian courts rely on formal notions of fairness in jury selection to dismiss the Indigenous defendant’s perception of bias and foreclose an inquiry into the potential prejudices of white jurors. We compare the Australian judicial ‘colour-blindness’ towards all-white juries with that of the United States and Canada. We argue that the tendency for courts in the United States and Canada to question jurors on their biases provides useful lessons for Australian judiciaries, including in relation to the impending trials of Indigenous defendants in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, accused of committing crimes in response to white racist violence. Nonetheless, across all jurisdictions where there is a challenge to the array based on racial composition, courts consistently uphold all-white juries. We suggest that the judicial view of the racial neutrality of white jury selection misapprehends the substantive biases in jury selection and the injustice perceived by defendants in having a white jury adjudicate an alleged crime that is committed in circumstances involving protest against white prejudice.
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DeCamp, Whitney, und Elise DeCamp. „It’s Still about Race: Peremptory Challenge Use on Black Prospective Jurors“. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 57, Nr. 1 (06.09.2019): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427819873943.
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Objectives: The use of race as a motive for excluding individuals from serving on juries in American criminal trials is unconstitutional. Nevertheless, Black individuals remain substantially more likely than others to be removed during jury selection through peremptory challenges. This study tests whether and to what extent there is a racial effect on peremptory challenge use by the prosecution or the defense. Method: Using data from 2,542 venire members in Mississippi, propensity score matching is used to examine racial differences in jury selection by comparing Black venire members to similarly situated White venire member counterparts. Results: Findings suggest that Black venire members are 4.51 times as likely to be excluded from a jury due to peremptory challenges from the prosecution in comparison to White venire members. Conversely, White venire members are 4.21 times as likely to be excluded through peremptory challenges by the defense in comparison to Black venire members. Conclusions: After controlling for all observed variables, there remain significant differences between White and Black venire members, suggesting racial discrimination by both the prosecution and the defense in peremptory challenge usage. Black individuals are more likely to be excluded from juries through these effects, resulting in less racially diverse juries.
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Newton, Melanie J. „The King v. Robert James, a Slave, for Rape: Inequality, Gender, and British Slave Amelioration, 1823–1834“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 47, Nr. 3 (Juli 2005): 583–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417505000265.
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In December 1832, less than a year before the British Parliament passed the first imperial slave emancipation bill, an all-white jury in the British Caribbean colony of Barbados convicted a black, enslaved man named Robert James of having robbed and sexually violated Margaret Higginbotham, an impoverished white widow and mother. Since Robert James was a black man accused of raping a white woman the jury's decision could hardly have surprised anyone and his rapid dispatch by a hangman must have been universally expected.
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Catron, John W. „Evangelical Networks in the Greater Caribbean and the Origins of the Black Church“. Church History 79, Nr. 1 (24.02.2010): 77–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640709991375.
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Henry Beverhout looked out over the West African village of Freetown in 1792 with misgivings. From his own experience and from the complaints he received from other townspeople, he now recognized that the black men and women of Sierra Leone were not being afforded the equal treatment they had been promised. Exploited and discriminated against for most of their lives by white masters in America, these expatriates had arrived in West Africa determined to chart a new course for themselves. But the path to economic, civil, and religious freedom was littered with obstacles. They soon encountered problems with white Sierra Leone Company officials over low pay, high prices, and the slow pace at which land was apportioned to the new settlers. Just as important, the black émigrés were dismayed by the company's system of justice, whose juries Beverhout said did not “haven aney of our own Culler in” them. Having absorbed the British and American legal traditions of trial by a jury of one's peers, he demanded that in any “trial thear should be a jurey of both white and black and all should be equal.” Going even further, he then made the explosive claim that “we have a wright to Chuse men that we think proper to act for us in a reasnenble manner.”
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Harner, Christie. „PHYSIOGNOMIC DISCOURSE AND THE TRIALS OF CROSS-CLASS SYMPATHY INMARY BARTON“. Victorian Literature and Culture 43, Nr. 4 (05.08.2015): 705–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150315000224.
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“The judge, the jury, the avenger of blood, the prisoner, the witnesses – all were gathered together within one building” (306; ch. 32): at the melodramatic acme of Elizabeth Gaskell's 1848Mary Barton, the reader's energies have similarly converged upon Jem Wilson's trial for the murder of Harry Carson. Yet despite the narrative significance of the courtroom testimonies, once Jem has pled not guilty, the narrator unexpectedly mutes the prosecutor's opening speech and substitutes instead what seems to be a lowbrow debate about the defendant's physical appearance. The first speaker insists that any justly accused man will have “some expression of [his] crimes” in his face, and observing Jem's “low, resolute brow” and “white compressed lips,” he comments that he has “seldom seen one with such marks of Cain on his countenance as the man at the bar” (309; ch. 32). The second observer disagrees, asserting that Jem's forehead is not so low as it might initially seem and is in fact rather square, “which some people say is a good sign” (309; ch. 32). He asserts that he is “no physiognomist” and proposes instead that Jem's agitated and depressed visage is less the sign of a depraved character than the result of inner turmoil and a bad haircut.
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Salerno, Jessica M., Liana C. Peter-Hagene und Alexander C. V. Jay. „Women and African Americans are less influential when they express anger during group decision making“. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, Nr. 1 (16.05.2017): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217702967.
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Expressing anger can signal that someone is certain and competent, thereby increasing their social influence—but does this strategy work for everyone? After assessing gender- and race-based emotion stereotypes (Study 1), we assessed the effect of expressing anger on social influence during group decision making as a function of gender (Studies 2–3) and race (Study 3). Participants took part in a computerized mock jury decision-making task, during which they read scripted comments ostensibly from other jurors. A “holdout” juror always disagreed with the participant and four other confederate group members. We predicted that the contextual factor of who expressed emotion would trump what was expressed in determining whether anger is a useful persuasion strategy. People perceived all holdouts expressing anger as more emotional than holdouts who expressed identical arguments without anger. Yet holdouts who expressed anger (versus no anger) were less effective and influential when they were female (but not male, Study 2) or Black (but not White, Study 3)—despite having expressed identical arguments and anger. Although anger expression made participants perceive the holdouts as more emotional regardless of race and gender, being perceived as more emotional was selectively used to discredit women and African Americans. These diverging consequences of anger expression have implications for societally important group decisions, including life-and-death decisions made by juries.
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Berezow, Alex. „California's Glyphosate Judgement – Emotion, Bad Science and Greed Win the Day“. Outlooks on Pest Management 29, Nr. 5 (01.10.2018): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v29_oct_04.
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Jurors in California have awarded $289 million to a man who claimed that his cancer was due to Monsanto's herbicide glyphosate, even though that is biologically impossible. Even the judge acknowledged that there was no evidence of harm. Yet, trial lawyers manipulated a jury's emotions and the public's misunderstanding of science to score another jackpot verdict. The plaintiff, Dewayne Johnson, claims that glyphosate gave him non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a cancer that occurs when the immune system goes awry. There are three major problems with this claim. First, as stated above, glyphosate does not cause cancer because it does not harm humans. It is an herbicide, so it is only toxic to plants. There is no known biological mechanism by which glyphosate could cause cancer, therefore its carcinogenicity is not even theoretically possible. That is why there is not a single reputable public health agency that believes glyphosate causes cancer. The US Environmental Protection Agency, the World Health Organization, and the European Food Safety Authority all reject claims of any link. The only organization of note that rejects this scientific consensus is a group within the World Health Organization called the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Contrary to all evidence, the group insists that glyphosate causes cancer – along with bacon and hot water. The truth is that IARC is a fringe outlier, staunchly ideological rather than scientific, and rife with financial conflicts of interest. Christopher Portier, a special adviser to the IARC working group that examined glyphosate, was also working for the activist organization the Environmental Defense Fund and received $160,000 from trial lawyers who stood to profit handsomely if IARC declared glyphosate a carcinogen because they could file suits in lawsuit-happy California. IARC's credibility has been so thoroughly shattered that Congress recently pulled its funding. Secondly, although the root cause of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unknown, that does not mean its etiology is completely open to speculation. Lymphomas originate from white blood cells, so scientists believe that autoimmune disease or chronic infections play a role. Just because the plaintiff's attorneys can fool a jury into believing that glyphosate causes non-Hodgkin's lymphoma does not mean there is any scientific evidence – and there is not. Thirdly, glyphosate has been off-patent for 18 years, and about 40% of the world's glyphosate is made in China. So, why pick on Monsanto when several different companies could have supplied the glyphosate the plaintiff used?
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Mackie, George. „Quentin Bone. 17 August 1931—6 July 2021“. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 72 (02.03.2022): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2021.0042.
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Quentin Bone came from a family of well-known artists but, although he shared their talents, he chose to become a scientist because of his interest in natural history. After graduating in zoology from Oxford, he joined the scientific staff of the Marine Biological Association Laboratory at Plymouth, working there until retirement in 1991 and continuing thereafter as an emeritus research fellow. He was interested in all aspects of how fish swim, the structure and innervation of their swimming muscles, their metabolism, flotation and hydrodynamics. He showed that fishes have two distinct, independently innervated locomotory systems, red muscle for cruising and white muscle for rapid swimming bursts, and that the white muscle works on the basis of glycolytic metabolism, the red on oxidative. Later he showed that squids have convergently evolved two sorts of muscle fibre roughly equivalent to those of fishes. Bone took a comparative and evolutionary approach in all his work, looking for changes in design from simple to more complex systems and going right back to amphioxus, a putative ancestor of fishes. He also worked extensively on pelagic marine invertebrates that swim by jet propulsion—such as salps, doliolids and siphonophores—using optical and electron microscopy combined with electrophysiology to establish the neuromuscular basis of locomotion. In one such study he showed how salp chains, though lacking nervous connections between individual zooids, can swim in a coordinated manner using excitable epithelia. In another, using intracellular recordings and whole cell voltage clamp techniques, he was able to link changes in a siphonophore's swimming directly to changes in ion channel kinetics. While Bone's early studies on fish swimming established him as a leader in one important field, his later work on the behavioural physiology of a wide variety of pelagic marine invertebrates adds up to an equally outstanding body of work.
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Cecich, Robert A., und Neal H. Sullivan. „Influence of weather at time of pollination on acorn production of Quercus alba and Quercus velutina“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, Nr. 12 (15.12.1999): 1817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-165.
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Pistillate flower development and acorn production were observed in small populations of white oak (Quercus alba L.) and black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) in central Missouri from 1990 to 1997. There were significant year-year differences in the size of flower crops for both species and significant tree-tree differences in black oak. About 7% of the white oak flowers matured into acorns; most flowers aborted by early July, just after fertilization. About 12% of the black oak flowers matured into acorns, but some individual trees never or rarely produced a mature acorn. The number of fertilized flowers in white oak and black oak in early July was positively correlated with acorn production. Over all trees and years, the number of flowers and acorns were significantly correlated. Acorn production varied in relation to weather variables during the time of pollination. Simple regression models were good predictors of white oak acorn production but not of black oak acorn production. Maximum temperature and the number of days with hail had negative effects on acorn production. The number of days of rain during the pollination period was positively correlated with flower survival in black oak but not with white oak.
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Ko Heinrichs, Derrick, Jacques C. Tardif und Yves Bergeron. „Xylem production in six tree species growing on an island in the boreal forest region of western Quebec, Canada“. Canadian Journal of Botany 85, Nr. 5 (Mai 2007): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-041.
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Xylem production was studied by repeatedly taking microcore samples from the stems of six tree species growing on the “réserve écologique des Vieux-Arbres”, on Lake Duparquet, Québec, throughout the 1999 growing season. Species examined were paper birch ( Betula papyrifera Marsh.), white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine ( Pinus resinosa Ait.), and eastern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.). Onset of xylem cell production was observed in all species by 22 May 1999, and ended as early as mid-July and early August for white spruce and eastern white cedar, respectively. Xylem cell production in the remaining species ended between late August and mid-September. In general, the onset of latewood production ranged from the start of July to the first week of August. Typical sigmoidal curves were characteristic of ring width, number of cells, and number of earlywood cells over the growing season. Completion of the annual growth increment was quickest for white spruce and eastern white cedar, while it continued longest in both pine species. Numerous similarities in xylem production and tree ring formation over the course of the growing season were observed among the six species, suggesting that weather, along with photoperiod, plays a critical role in xylem production.
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Елисеева, Л. И., К. М. Степанов, Р. П. Гудуева und Г. Г. Дармаева. „Results of the republican kumys competition-festival in Yakutia“. Food processing industry, Nr. 2 (25.01.2024): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2024.2.2.009.
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В статье описаны результаты исследования кобыльего молока и кумыса, представленные коневодческими предприятиями Якутии на конкурс-фестиваль «Кымыс – Айыы Аhа» / «Божественный кумыс» на призы главы Республики Саха (Якутия) в рамках проведения национального праздника «Ысыах Туймаады-2023». В конкурсе-фестивале приняли участие 15 предприятий. Количество участников по сравнению с 2015 г. увеличилось в 2 раза. Организатором конкурса-фестиваля выступило АО Агрохолдинг «Туймаада» в лице директора Ефремова П. С. Кумыс из кобыльего молока – это национальный напиток якутов, обладающий диетическими и целебными свойствами. Натуральный кумыс вырабатывается из кобыльего молока и представляет собой молочно-белую с голубоватым оттенком жидкость, слегка пенящуюся, имеющую своеобразный аромат и чистый кисломолочный вкус. Ароматические и вкусовые свойства кумыса формируются в процессе сквашивания кобыльего молока. Несмотря на суровые условия содержания и кормления, якутская лошадь дает прекрасное высококачественное молоко, которое содержит легкоусвояемые компоненты. Предварительно, до проведения ысыаха, все участники фестиваля сдают продукты. Каждая партия продукта принимается по сопроводительным документам, удостоверяющим качество, безопасность, и ветеринарным свидетельствам установленной формы. Продукция принимается при наличии микробиологических анализов и безопасности продукции. Для оценки качества представленных образцов кумыса оргкомитетом конкурса была создана дегустационная комиссия (жюри), которая состояла из председателя и членов комиссии. Органолептическая оценка кумыса определена как среднеарифметическое из баллов, поставленных в оценочных листах членами экспертной комиссии, участвующими в комиссии. Оценка представленных образцов проведена по методикам, предусмотренным нормативно-технической документацией и требованиям государственных стандартов. Отдельно оценены художественное оформление и товарный вид продукта по пятибалльной системе. The article presents the results of a study of mare's milk and koumiss presented by horse breeding enterprises of Yakutia for the competition-festival «Kymys – Ayyy Ah» / «Divine Koumiss» for prizes of the head of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) within the framework of the national holiday «Ysyakh Tuymaady-2023». 15 enterprises took part in the competition-festival. The number of participants has increased by 2 times compared to 2015. The organizer of the competition-festival was JSC Agroholding «Tuimaada» represented by Director Efremov P.S. Mare's milk koumiss is a national drink of the Yakuts, which has dietary and healing properties. Natural koumiss is produced from mare's milk and is a milky-white liquid with a bluish tinge, slightly foaming, having a peculiar aroma and pure fermented milk taste. The aromatic and taste properties of koumiss are formed during the fermentation of mare's milk. Despite the harsh conditions of keeping and feeding, the Yakut horse gives excellent high-quality milk, which contains easily digestible components. Previously, before the ysyakh, all participants of the festival hand over products. Each batch of the product is accepted according to accompanying documents certifying quality, safety, and a veterinary certificate of the established form. Products are accepted in the presence of microbiological analyses and product safety. To assess the quality of the presented samples of koumiss, the organizing committee of the competition created a tasting commission (jury), which consisted of the chairman and members of the commission. The organoleptic evaluation of koumiss is defined as the arithmetic mean of the scores set by the members of the expert commission in the evaluation sheets participating in the commission. The evaluation of the submitted samples was carried out according to the methods provided for in the regulatory and technical documentation and according to the requirements of state standards. The decoration and presentation of the product were separately evaluated according to a five-point system.
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MOLLON, JOHN. „Monge: The Verriest Lecture, Lyon, July 2005“. Visual Neuroscience 23, Nr. 3-4 (Mai 2006): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233479.
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In 1789, when neither the physical basis of hue nor the retinal basis of color perception was established, the mathematician Gaspard Monte stated firmly that our color perceptions do not depend on the absolute value of the physical variable, but are influenced by the context and in particular by our estimate of the illuminant. He used this insight to explain color contrast effects and the Paradox of Monge (the desaturation of red objects seen through a red filter). He proposed that we can estimate the chromaticity of the illuminant in any scene because all surfaces reflect to us varying mixtures of (i) the body color and (ii) a specular component that represents the illuminant. He also realized that white objects have a special property: Provided that they are illuminated by a single illuminant, such objects exhibit no variation in chromaticity across their surface. Thus at least one of the unique hues exists as an external reference on which observers can agree. It is suggested that other unique hues may also have a basis in the external world.
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Morris, N. J., M. C. Smith, A. M. Mills, M. R. Mcneill und D. J. Moot. „Insect populations of six dryland pastures grown in Canterbury“. Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 78 (01.01.2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2016.78.527.
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The 9 year 'MaxClover' experiment at Lincoln University concluded that ryegrass and white clover pastures were less persistent than cocksfoot and lucerne under dryland conditions in Canterbury. Measurements of insect pests commenced in Year 5 in response to a measured decline in sown ryegrass and white clover. The aim was to determine if there were differences in insect pressure among the different pastures. Insect pest pressure was present in all pastures from when measurements commenced until the experiment finished in Year 9. Grass grub larvae were the main pest that contributed to the decline in sown species, particularly in ryegrass/white clover, and they were found in all grass-based pasture treatments. Larval populations reached 156/m2 in August 2008 in the cocksfoot/balansa clover and cocksfoot/white clover pastures. Argentine stem weevil overwintering adult populations reached 63/m2 in July 2010 and were highest in cocksfoot/Subterranean clover pastures. These may have contributed to the slow decline in cocksfoot. Low populations (
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Chrosciewicz, Z. „Foliar heat content variations in four coniferous tree species of central Alberta“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, Nr. 1 (01.02.1986): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-028.
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Foliar high heat contents were determined by standard oxygen bomb calorimetry in jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.)Mill.) from samples collected in central Alberta. New foliage, sampled in mid-July and early September, and foliage 1, 2, and 3+ years old, sampled in late May, mid-July, and early September, were included in these determinations. The heat contents of the new foliage in all four species as well as the heat contents of the old foliage in jack pine, black spruce, and balsam fir consistently increased with each sampling time, while the heat contents of the old foliage in white spruce at first increased and then decreased between the times. The variations of the heat contents attributed to foliar ages lacked consistency in all four species, although the contents of the new foliage were predominantly lower than the contents of the old foliage. The overall heat contents for the combined sampling times and foliar ages in both the new foliage and the old foliage were the lowest in white spruce and the highest in balsam fir, with black spruce having the second highest content in the new foliage and jack pine having the second highest content in the old foliage.
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Periyanayagam, Usha, Ethan Yung, Christine Kim, Lyuba Popadic und Francesca Devine. „Racial disparities in breast cancer care among reproductive-aged women continued after COVID-19 pandemic.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, Nr. 16_suppl (01.06.2024): e13757-e13757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e13757.
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e13757 Background: Despite the aggressive nature of breast cancer (BC) among women under 45 years old, racial disparities in BC care still exist. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted racial disparities in care management. This study described staging, treatment use, and healthcare resource use (BC-HCRU) among reproductive-aged White, Asian, and Black women before and after COVID-19 to identify possible care changes. Methods: This retrospective claims study assessed White, Asian, and Black women aged 18 to 44 years old with newly diagnosed BC in the Komodo Research Dataset from August 2018-May 2023. Women were stratified based on their first observable BC diagnosis (index) into two cohorts, pre-COVID-19 (pre) (February-July 2019) and post-COVID-19 (post) (July-November 2022). Patients were required to have >6 months of medical and pharmacy continuous enrollment before (baseline) and after index (follow-up), and a second BC diagnosis during follow-up. BC-HCRU was defined as a claim with a BC diagnosis. Results: Pre-COVID-19 included 875 White, 116 Asian, and 267 Black women (mean age 39.0 years, 38.5 years and 37.8 years respectively) and post-COVID-19 included 879 White, 127 Asian, 386 Black women (mean age 38.8 years, 38.9 years and 37.9 years respectively). While the proportions with commercial insurance decreased (pre: White, Asian, Black: 72.5%, 71.6%, 42.7%; post: 51.9%, 61.4%, 23.6%) and with Medicaid increased (pre: White, Asian, Black: 24.3%, 27.6%, 53.6%; post: 45.2%, 38.6%, 75.1%) for all, most White and Asian women had commercial insurance and most Black women had Medicaid pre- and post-COVID-19. The proportion with metastatic BC increased for all in the post period, but lower incidences remained among White (pre: 20.7%; post: 25.1%) and Asian (pre: 17.2%; post: 22.8%) than Black women (pre: 25.5%; post: 28.0%). While both the proportions of White and Asian women with BC-related ER visits increased, suggesting greater acute care needs, the proportion of Asian women doubled and became higher than White women; the highest incidence also remained among Black women (pre: White, Asian, Black: 13.1%, 7.8%, 22.8%; post: 15.4%, 18.1%, 21.0%). The proportion with any treatment (medication, surgery, radiation) remained highest for Asian women (pre: 87.9%; post: 90.6%) and decreasingly lowest for Black women (pre: 84.3%; post: 80.3%), and the mean time to treatment remained shortest for White women (pre: 40.3 days; post: 44.3) and longest for Black women (pre: 47.4; post: 49.8). Conclusions: While COVID-19 affected BC care among all reproductive-aged women, racial disparities in BC care remained or increased in this vulnerable population. Comparative analyses assessing the factors driving these disparities should be explored to understand these health inequities further, and real-world clinical practice should consider these differences when implementing necessary BC management.
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Schmidt, Johnie R., und Josiah W. Worthington. „Modifying Heat Unit Accumulation with Contrasting Colors of Polyethylene Mulch“. HortScience 33, Nr. 2 (April 1998): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.2.210.
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Contrasting colors of plastic mulch (black and white over black) were used to modify the rate at which heat units (HU) were accumulated in four different microclimates surrounding watermelon plants during 1996 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station-Stephenville. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures from 25 Mar. through 4 Aug. were recorded for air 10 cm above the mulch surface, at the mulch surface, at the soil surface under mulch, and 10 cm below the soil surface under mulch. Accumulated HU were significantly higher for white than for black mulch during two of the four periods monitored; however, the reverse was true for all other points of measurements at all times. Daily mean soil surface heat gain was 3.29 HU higher under black than under white mulch in early season, 6.21 higher in late April and early May, 5.19 higher in late May and June, and 4.19 higher in late June through July. Values for soil at 10-cm depth paralleled those for soil surface.
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Schmidt, Johnie R., und Josiah W. Worthington. „Modifying Heat Unit Accumulation with Contrasting Colors of Polyethylene Mulch“. HortScience 33, Nr. 2 (April 1998): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.2.0210.
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Contrasting colors of plastic mulch (black and white over black) were used to modify the rate at which heat units (HU) were accumulated in four different microclimates surrounding watermelon plants during 1996 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station-Stephenville. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures from 25 Mar. through 4 Aug. were recorded for air 10 cm above the mulch surface, at the mulch surface, at the soil surface under mulch, and 10 cm below the soil surface under mulch. Accumulated HU were significantly higher for white than for black mulch during two of the four periods monitored; however, the reverse was true for all other points of measurements at all times. Daily mean soil surface heat gain was 3.29 HU higher under black than under white mulch in early season, 6.21 higher in late April and early May, 5.19 higher in late May and June, and 4.19 higher in late June through July. Values for soil at 10-cm depth paralleled those for soil surface.
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Driessche, R. van den. „Influence of container nursery regimes on drought resistance of seedlings following planting. I. Survival and growth“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, Nr. 5 (01.05.1991): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-077.
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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings were grown in Styroblock containers in a container nursery from February to July 1988 and then exposed to three temperatures and three levels of drought stress applied factorially during 18 July to 29 September 1988. Mean temperatures of 13, 16, and 20 °C were imposed in growth chambers, in a cooled plastic house, and in an ambient plastic house, respectively. Control, medium, and severe levels of drought stress were imposed in a series of eight cycles, resulting in mean xylem pressure potentials of −0.32, −0.50, and −0.99 MPa, respectively. Seedlings were kept in the ambient plastic house until January, when they were lifted and cold-stored until planting. Between 11 and 18 April 1989, seedlings were planted in 0.5 m deep sand beds, which provided hygric, mesic, and xeric conditions for testing all species and treatments. At the end of nursery growth, increase in nursery temperature increased height and height:diameter ratio in all species and shoot:root dry weight ratio in Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine. Increase in temperature also increased the number of seedlings with large well-formed buds in white spruce, but reduced the number in Douglas-fir. Drought stress reduced height and dry weight in all species and bud length in lodgepole pine. After 9 weeks in sand beds, low nursery temperature increased survival (19% for lodgepole pine and white spruce grown in the xeric bed), except for Douglas-fir grown in the xeric bed. Nursery drought stress also increased survival (16% for Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine in the xeric bed), but had little effect on white spruce. Low temperature and drought stress treatments that increased survival also reduced height and dry weight of lodgepole pine and white spruce after one growing season in sand beds. Survival showed significant negative correlations with height, dry weight, and height:diameter and shoot:root weight ratios. Low nursery temperature continued to affect growth after planting, increasing relative growth rate and allometric ratio (K) of Douglas-fir and decreasing K of white spruce.
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Ekramoddoullah, Abul KM, Joanne J. Davidson und Doug W. Taylor. „A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, Nr. 3 (01.03.1998): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-003.
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A 19-kDa protein, Pin m III, was recently shown to be associated with overwintering and frost hardiness of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings. Here, we report that this protein is up-regulated by the fungus Cronartium ribicola Fisch, the causal agent of white pine blister rust in western white pine trees. Between 1991 and 1994, bark samples of mature western white pine trees (resistant with no stem cankers and susceptible with stem cankers) were collected in winter, spring, and fall. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by Western immunoblot utilizing specific rabbit polyclonal anti-Pin l I (a homologue of Pin m III) antibodies. During all collection dates, but particularly in the spring, susceptible trees had more Pin m III than resistant trees. In July 1995, 43 previously inoculated 7-year-old white pine seedlings were also analyzed. In all susceptible seedlings (cankered) tested, cankered tissue had high levels of Pin m III, and samples collected from the outside edge of the canker margin had low levels of Pin m III; this protein was also detected in some healthy bark of cankered trees. Since the level of Pin m III in healthy white pine trees is normally lowest in summer months, the high level Pin m III in summer samples of infected tissues is a consequence of the fungal infection.
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Morozov, A. N., N. V. Vaganova, V. E. Asming, A. A. Nikonov, N. V. Sharov, Ya V. Konechnaya, Ya A. Mikhailova und Z. A. Evtyukhina. „The present-day seismicity of the White Sea region“. Вулканология и сейсмология, Nr. 1 (04.03.2019): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0203-03062019136-51.
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A revised earthquake catalog has been compiled for the White Sea region for the period between 2005 and 2016. The earthquake parameters were revised using a single velocity model (BARENTS), a single methodological approach (Generalized Beamforming), and all available raw data and bulletins of Russian and foreign seismic stations. The location of two nuclear explosions detonated on July 18, 1985 and September 6, 1988 in northern European Russia for civilian purposes showed that the algorithm for calculating hypocenter parameters combined with the BARENTS velocity model is an effective tool. The resulting earthquake catalog enabled us to reveal the leading patterns in the distribution of recent seismicity in the White Sea region.
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Morozov, A. N., N. V. Vaganova, V. E. Asming, A. A. Nikonov, N. V. Sharov, Ya V. Konechnaya, Ya A. Mikhailova und Z. A. Evtyukhina. „The present-day seismicity of the White Sea region“. Вулканология и сейсмология, Nr. 1 (04.03.2019): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-96142019136-51.
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A revised earthquake catalog has been compiled for the White Sea region for the period between 2005 and 2016. The earthquake parameters were revised using a single velocity model (BARENTS), a single methodological approach (Generalized Beamforming), and all available raw data and bulletins of Russian and foreign seismic stations. The location of two nuclear explosions detonated on July 18, 1985 and September 6, 1988 in northern European Russia for civilian purposes showed that the algorithm for calculating hypocenter parameters combined with the BARENTS velocity model is an effective tool. The resulting earthquake catalog enabled us to reveal the leading patterns in the distribution of recent seismicity in the White Sea region.
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Broderick-Forsgren, Kathleen, Wynn G. Hunter, Ryan D. Schulteis, Wen-Wei Liu, Joel C. Boggan, Poonam Sharma, Steven Thomas, Aimee Zaas und Jonathan Bae. „Doctor Who? A Quality Improvement Project to Assess and Improve Patients' Knowledge of Their Inpatient Physicians“. Journal of Graduate Medical Education 8, Nr. 2 (01.05.2016): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-15-00067.1.
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ABSTRACT Patient-physician communication is an integral part of high-quality patient care and an expectation of the Clinical Learning Environment Review program.Background This quality improvement initiative evaluated the impact of an educational audit and feedback intervention on the frequency of use of 2 tools—business cards and white boards—to improve provider identification.Objective This before-after study utilized patient surveys to determine the ability of those patients to name and recognize their physicians. The before phase began in July 2013. From September 2013 to May 2014, physicians received education on business card and white board use.Methods We surveyed 378 patients. Our intervention improved white board utilization (72.2% postintervention versus 54.5% preintervention, P < .01) and slightly improved business card use (44.4% versus 33.7%, P = .07), but did not improve physician recognition. Only 20.3% (14 of 69) of patients could name their physician without use of the business card or white board. Data from all study phases showed the use of both tools improved patients' ability to name physicians (OR = 1.72 and OR = 2.12, respectively; OR = 3.68 for both; P < .05 for all), but had no effect on photograph recognition.Results Our educational intervention improved white board use, but did not result in improved patient ability to recognize physicians. Pooled data of business cards and white boards, alone or combined, improved name recognition, suggesting better use of these tools may increase identification. Future initiatives should target other barriers to usage of these types of tools.Conclusions
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Fang, Michele, Eric Hume und Said Ibrahim. „Race, Bundled Payment Policy, and Discharge Destination After TKA: The Experience of an Urban Academic Hospital“. Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 9 (01.01.2018): 215145931880322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2151459318803222.
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Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) provides good clinical outcomes for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis; however, discharge destination after TKA has major implications on postoperative adverse outcomes and readmissions. With the initiation of Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI), it is unclear how racial disparities in discharge destination after TKA will be affected by the new bundled payment for TKA. Methods: Bundled Payments for Care Improvement was implemented in July 01, 2014, at the University of Pennsylvania. We compared differences during early implementation (July 1, 2014, to, March 30, 2016) and during late policy implementation (April 1, 2016, to February 28, 2017) in patient characteristics (including race: African American [AA], white, and other race), discharge destination (skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility, home, home with home health, or other), and outcomes. Results: We identified 2276 patients who underwent TKA (43.8% AA, 48.2% white, and 8.0% other race). African American patients were more likely to be discharged to SNF as opposed to home than white patients both during the early BPCI (AA: 53.0%, n = 320; white: 32.4%, n = 210, P < .05) and late BPCI implementation (AA: 44.4%, n = 169, white: 26.9%, n = 120, P < .05), though all races showed trends to decreasing SNF use during the late BPCI implementation. Discussion: There were no significant differences in readmissions, length of stay, mortality, or intensive care unit days during early and late implementation of BPCI or when AA patients were compared to white patients. Conclusion: We found no significant changes in racial variations in discharge destination and outcomes after elective TKA. Bundled Payments for Care Improvement has encouraged better preoperative preparation of patients and discharge planning; however, payment reforms alone might not be sufficient to address variation in post-op management following elective surgery.
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Treberg, Jason R., Jennifer R. Hall und William R. Driedzic. „Enhanced protein synthetic capacity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is associated with temperature-induced compensatory growth“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): R205—R211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00109.2004.
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Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua) were held either at seasonal ambient temperatures (−0.3 to 11°C) or at a relatively constant control temperature (8–11°C) to investigate aspects of protein synthesis during a period of compensatory growth. Protein synthesis rate, total RNA, and RNA-specific protein synthesis rate were determined in white muscle and liver when ambient temperatures were −0.3, 4.5, and 11°C in February, June, and July, respectively. To allow for comparisons between treatment temperatures, fish were also acutely transferred to a comparable assay temperature in February and June. Over the transition from 4.5 to 11°C (June to July), the ambient-held cod had a significant increase in size and a substantially higher growth rate relative to control-held fish over the same period, consistent with cold-induced compensatory growth. During the onset of this enhanced growth, in June when ambient temperature was ∼4.5°C, ambient-held fish elevated their capacity for protein synthesis in the white muscle and liver via elevation of the RNA content. When ambient temperature reached the same point as for the control fish (11°C), the rate of white muscle protein synthesis remained higher in the ambient-held vs. that in the control-held fish, a process facilitated by elevated RNA content and greater RNA-specific rate of protein synthesis. In the liver, all measured characteristics of protein synthesis were the same for ambient and control fish in July. The latter suggests that compensatory growth may be in part explained by improved efficiency of protein synthesis.
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Maximova, O. V. „IN MEMORY OF VERA BORISOVNA VOZZHINSKAYA“. Journal of Oceanological Research 49, Nr. 4 (30.12.2021): 162–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2021.49(4).8.
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On July 29, 2021, just 90 years have passed since the day of birth of Vera Borisovna Vozzhinskaya, doctor of biological sciences, head of the Laboratory of biological foundation of mariculture IO RAS. She was connected with our Institute during all her life, 43 years – from young post-graduate up to well-known algologist, specialist in benthic marine algae. She was a bright personality, outstanding organizer, skilled expedition worker. Under her leadership 37 coastal expeditions of IO were carried out – to the White, Barents, Black and Far East Seas. She tragically perished in happy and long-awaited moment: just after the authorization of her degree (doctor of biology) by All-Russian Attestation Commission. Publications by V.B. Vozzhinskaya are in demand up to now, especially her unique monograph on the White Sea macrophytobenthos and investigations on productivity of bottom seaweeds.
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Egbunike, G. N., und J. Steinbach. „EFFECTS OF SEASON AND LITTER SIZE ON GESTATION LENGTH IN SWINE“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 4, Nr. 1 (16.01.2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v4i1.2204.
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488 gestations (309 Large White and 179 Landrace) and the size of all litters resulting from services which occurred between January 1967 and March 1970 were analysed. The mean gestation length was 113.96 days for the Large White and 113.74 days for the Landrace while the mean values for the litter size were 9.14 and 9.58 respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between these two traits in both breeds (P 0.01). A slight and non-significant seasonal effect (P 0.10) was shown with the highest and lowest gestation lengths being recorded in July (114.38 days) and in January and February (113.40 days). Breed effect and interaction between breed and season were also not significant.
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Hogg, E. H., M. Hart und V. J. Lieffers. „White tree rings formed in trembling aspen saplings following experimental defoliation“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, Nr. 11 (01.11.2002): 1929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-114.
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Recent studies of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in western Canada have shown a correlation between past insect defoliation events and the formation of narrow, abnormally pale-coloured ("white") tree rings. The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that defoliation causes the formation of white rings and to examine how defoliation affects ring width and density. We experimentally defoliated 7- to 18-year-old aspen in June, July, or August 1997 and subsequently found that white rings were formed the same year in all aspen that were severely defoliated in early June. These white rings were much narrower than in adjacent trees left as controls, and mean xylem density of the white rings (0.27 g·cm3) was significantly reduced relative to normal rings (0.350.40 g·cm3). In the year following defoliation, the tree rings remained narrow, but their appearance and density had returned to normal. Aspen defoliated later in the season formed relatively normal rings in 1997, but ring widths were reduced in 1998. The results confirm that white rings in aspen can be a useful retrospective indicator of the severe, early season defoliation that is typical during major outbreaks of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hbn.) and other insects.
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Eche, Ijeoma Julie, und Teri Aronowitz. „A Literature Review of Racial Disparities in Overall Survival of Black Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Compared With White Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia“. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 37, Nr. 3 (24.02.2020): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454220907547.
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Despite major advances in acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] treatment, poorer overall survival (OS) persists for Black children with ALL compared with White children with ALL. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the racial disparities on OS in Black versus White children with ALL. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, PubMed, and Academic Search Complete databases were searched using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: survival or mortality or outcome AND black or African-American or AA or minority AND racial disparities or race or racial/ethnic disparities AND cancer in children or pediatric cancer or children with leukemia or children with ALL for articles published in English between January 2009 and July 2019. Exclusion criteria were non-research articles, systematic reviews, conference abstracts, editorials, commentaries, correspondence, and case reports. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, data were extracted, appraised, and synthesized. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Sample sizes across studies ranged from 184 to 31,866 participants. The factors most associated with disparities in OS included: age at diagnosis (e.g., <1 year and/or >10 years old), differences in clinical prognosticators (e.g., white blood cell count at diagnosis, T-cell vs. precursor B-cell immunophenotype, central nervous system disease status, cytogenetic profile) and lower socioeconomic status. Future prospective studies are needed to elucidate the role of these factors in OS of Black children with ALL.
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Pancari, John, und John P. Pace. „Two Views of Oz“. Mathematics Teacher 80, Nr. 2 (Februar 1987): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.80.2.0100.
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For years seemingly too numerous to count, children and adults have been joyfully entertained by the annual broadcast of The Wizard of Oz. Who cannot nostalgically recall Judy Garland's rendition of “Somewhere over the Rainbow”; the magnificent transition from the black and white of Kansas to the brilliant array of colors in Oz; and, of course, the tearful parting of Dorothy and her friends, especially the Scarecrow, whom she would “miss most of all”?
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Studenova, M., und Igor Studenov. „Results of long-term studies of the zoobenthos of the Megra river (White sea basin)“. Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nr. 4 (03.11.2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2022-4-39-45.
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The results of long-term studies of the zoobenthos for the downstream of the Megra salmon spawning river (White Sea Basin) have been presented. The benthic fauna of the rapids and riffles for the lower reaches of the river is represented by 25 taxa of invertebrates. The abundance and biomass of zoobenthos in June-July vary within a wide range. Based on the results of the analysis of the abundance and biomass of invertebrates for all the years of observation the highest rates were found to be at the upper stations in June - early July. By the end of July, the situation changed: the maximum abundance and biomass were noted at the lowest station, while the abundance and biomass of invertebrates decreased sharply at the uppermost section. A more gradual decrease was noted at the intermediate station.
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Pijut, Paula M. „Eastern White Pine Flowering in Response to Spray Application of Gibberellin A4/7 or Procone™“. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, Nr. 2 (01.06.2002): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/19.2.68.
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Abstract Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is an important forestry species in the northeastern and midwestern United States and in eastern Canada. Induction of early and reliable flowering and cone production will shorten the breeding cycle and aid in the development of genetically improved white pine. The objective of this study was to determine if a foliar spray application of gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) or ProCone™ would induce both male and female strobili on young grafted eastern white pine selected for white pine blister rust resistance. Trees were sprayed (500 mg L-1) weekly in 1998 during the period of rapid shoot elongation (mid-May through July), for a total of 11 applications. Flowering data were collected June 15, 1999. Twenty-five out of 53 genotypes produced male strobili. For all genotypes studied, the total number of male strobili clusters per tree (and the mean number ± SE of pollen-cones per cluster) produced with GA4/7, ProCone™, or untreated controls were: 643 (7.1 ± 0.3); 574 (7.9 ± 0.3); and 79 (8.3 ± 0.8), respectively. Twenty out of 53 genotypes produced female strobili. For all genotypes studied, the total number of female strobili per tree (and the mean number ± SE of female strobili per shoot) produced with GA4/7, ProCone™, or untreated controls were: 87 (1.1 ± 0.1); 130 (1.3 ± 0.1); and 33 (0.6 ± 0.1), respectively. Eleven genotypes produced both male and female strobili. Control trees that flowered may have been the result of spray drift. The results indicate that a foliar spray application of GA4/7 or ProCone™ at 500 mg L-1 will induce both male and female strobili, but not on all selected genotypes of eastern white pine.
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Mironiuk, Sergei. „Changes in the policy of rendering British aid to the White Forces of Siberia and Southern Russia in July 1919 and their causes (based on the meeting protocol of the War Cabinet of July 25, 1919)“. Genesis: исторические исследования, Nr. 11 (November 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2019.11.31244.
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The object of this research is the changes in the policy of rendering British aid to the White Forces of Siberia and Southern Russia in July 1919 and their causes. The subject of this research is the information on these matters, contained in the meeting protocol of the British War Cabinet of July 25, 1919 and related decision. Within the framework of the question “Situation in Russia”, were comprehensively discussed the reasonableness and possibilities of rendering British aid to A. V. Kolchak’s army in Siberia and A. I. Denikin’s army in Southern Russia. The author applies narrative method of research for description of documents that have not been previously introduced into the scientific discourse by the Russian scholars. The comparative method is used for correlation of data collected from various sources. The scientific novelty consists in the comprehensive examination of the claimed topic based on the meeting protocol of the War Cabinet of July 25, 1919, as well as other newly introduced documents from the United Kingdom National Archive. The author comes to the conclusion that the escalation of social tension in British society, major defeats of A. V. Kolchak, successful offensive operations of A. I. Denikin, along with the lack of financial resources for supporting the White Forces on all fronts, led to curtailing of British aid to Kolchak’s army and increased support of Denikin’s army, since his military achievements at the moment theoretically allowed counting upon invasion of Moscow.
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MacRae, Andrew W., Wayne E. Mitchem, David W. Monks und Michael L. Parker. „White Clover (Trifolium repens) Control and Flower Head Suppression in Apple Orchards“. Weed Technology 19, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-02-024.
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White clover is a weed in apple orchards that competes with the crop; also, flowers of this weed are unwanted attractants of honey bees at times when insecticides, which are harmful to these pollinators, are being applied. In 1997 and 1998, white clover flower head and plant control by clopyralid alone and with 2,4-D and apple tolerance to these herbicides were determined. Treatments consisted of clopyralid at 0.10 and 0.21 kg ae/ha, 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha, and 2,4-D at 1.1 kg ae/ha plus 0.03 or 0.05 kg ae/ha clopyralid, which were applied 2 wk before full apple bloom and 2 wk after full apple bloom, and a nontreated check. No crop injury occurred with any treatment. All herbicide treatments provided some white clover control and flower head suppression. No differences in white clover bloom reduction were observed through May among treatments containing clopyralid. As summer progressed, the effect of clopyralid rate became more apparent. Clopyralid at 0.21, regardless of application time, provided 99% vegetative control and 100% flower head reduction through July. Clopyralid plus 2,4-D controlled white clover better than 2,4-D alone. However, vegetative control and flower head reduction with clopyralid at reduced rates (0.03 or 0.05 kg ae/ha) plus 2,4-D were not acceptable (76% or less and 78% or less, respectively). Thus, clopyralid at 0.10 and 0.21 kg ae/ha will be necessary for acceptable white clover vegetation control and flower head reduction.
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Rodríguez-Ramírez, Miguel, und Jose Manuel Mora. „Analysis of the male annual antler cycle, reproductive behavior and spotted fawn presence in the tropical white-tailed deer“. Therya 13, Nr. 2 (30.05.2022): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-22-1158.
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The rutting season of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is seasonal in North America, but in tropical latitudes it occurs year-round with peaks locally variable. Reproductive cycle of this species in Costa Rica is variable, clearly seasonal in San Lucas Island but continuous with two birth peaks in Palo Verde and Santa Rosa national parks in northwestern Costa Rica. In Hacienda y Refugio de Vida Silvestre Curú in the Nicoya Peninsula, a site south of these parks but in a different life zone, we observed males with hard antlers in 2015 but only from July to November. We therefore hypothesized that white-tailed deer have a continuous reproductive cycle during the year in Curú because the rainfall pattern is the same as in Palo Verde and Santa Rosa. We visited Curú every month and recorded the status of white-tailed deer antler growth: nubs, velvet, and hard, from January 2016 to December 2019. We also recorded other rut behaviors and the presence of spotted fawns. We recorded 1,134 observations of the status of antler growth, 13 observations on reproductive behavior and 133 observations of spotted fawns. The antler cycle was seasonal in the four years of study. Male antler casting took place from mid-November to mid-February and the growth of new antlers began in mid-December and lasted until mid-March. Velvet shedding occurred in April, May and June, and by July males had hard antlers. The rutting season lasted three months from mid-June to mid-August. Small spotted fawns were observed from the middle of the dry season to the beginning of the rainy season. All this highly contrasts with the reproduction pattern observed in Santa Rosa. Lack of seasonal variation in the photoperiod is likely an important factor that allows deer to reproduce throughout the year in these protected areas, but this variation does not exist in Curú either, where the species is seasonal. The reproductive patterns of white-tailed deer in Central and South America may have evolved in response to seasonal fluctuations in specific food availability, competition, or predation, all of which may be directly related to rainfall patterns. Greater knowledge of the link between rainfall patterns and food availability for deer would be of great help to further our understanding of factors driving the reproduction cycle of the White-tailed deer.
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Al-Mamun, M., C. K. Saha, M. G. Mostofa, A. Miah und M. Z. Hossain. „IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE VARIETIES FOR SEED PRODUCTION OF JUTE IN NON-TRADITIONAL AREAS OF BANGLADESH“. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 30, Nr. 1 (30.06.2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v30i1.36531.
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The experiment was conducted at Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari (representing hilly areas), Agricultural Research Station, Satkhira and Jute Research Station, Patuakhali (representing saline areas) with seven varieties of jute and one variety of kenaf to find out the seed production potentiality in non-traditional areas. All varieties were sown in late July to mid August in 2009 to 2011. At hilly station white jute varieties (BJRI Deshi Pat-6, CVL-1 and BJRI Deshi Pat-5) performed better for seed production than tossa jute and kenaf varieties. At saline station (both Satkhira and Patuakhali) kenaf variety HC-95 performed better for seed yield than white and tossa jute varieties (O-9897, OM-1, BJRI Tossa Pat-4 and BJRI Tossa Pat-5). The kenaf variety (HC-95) produced the highest yield (0.86 ton/ha) in saline areas. Among the white jute varieties, BJRI Deshi Pat-5 gave the highest yield (0.66 ton/ha) and in case of tossa jute varieties, BJRI Tossa Pat-5 gave the highest seed yield (0.70 ton/ha). Therefore, BJRI Deshi Pat-5 of white jute, BJRI Tossa Pat-5 and HC-95 of kenaf are considered as the best varieties for seed production in hilly and saline areas of Bangladesh, respectively.
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Attanayake, K. P. R. N., D. A. Glawe, K. E. McPhee, F. M. Dugan und W. Chen. „First Report of Powdery Mildew of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Caused by Leveillula taurica in Washington State“. Plant Health Progress 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2008): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2008-0702-01-br.
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In Oct. 2007, powdery mildew was found in chickpea fields in an experimental farm near Pullman, Whitman County, Washington. Although disease signs were observed on all chickpea cultivars in the fields, high incidence was seen only on cvs. Dwelley and Spanish White. To our knowledge this is the first record of powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica on chickpea in WA. The pathogen has also been reported from chickpea in California and elsewhere, e.g., Ethiopia, India, Iran, Morocco, Pakistan, Sudan, Turkey, and the former USSR. Accepted for publication 4 May 2008. Published 2 July 2008.
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Collier, Bret A., Shelly R. Kremer, Corey D. Mason, John Stone, Kirby W. Calhoun und Markus J. Peterson. „Immigration and Recruitment in an Urban White-Winged Dove Breeding Colony“. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 4, Nr. 1 (01.06.2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052012-jfwm-043.
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Abstract Dove population management necessitates estimates of vital rates for use in mechanistic models used to evaluate and predict population responses to environmental variation and/or alternative harvest scenarios. Estimating recruitment (number of juveniles per adult) is complicated because a compendium of factors drives production in doves. White-winged doves Zenaida asiatica exhibit a fairly unique breeding strategy wherein they commonly return to the same breeding area and reproduce in large breeding aggregations (i.e., colonies). We used an open-population capture–recapture model to estimate annual immigration and in situ recruitment of white-winged doves breeding in an urban colony during 2009 and 2010. We captured 5,101 unique white-winged doves in 2009 (2,894 after hatch year, 2,207 hatch year) and 3,502 unique white-winged doves in 2010 (3,106 after hatch year, 486 hatch year). Immigration of adults into the breeding colony peaked during late April and early May, with in situ recruitment occurring during a 6-wk period from 19 June to 30 July. Our results predicted that >90% of all hatch-year individuals had entered the local population by 1 August. The Jolly–Seber model used allows white-winged dove recruitment values to be estimated directly (rather than as a conglomerate of multiple parameters), separates immigration from in situ recruitment within a season, and can be useful for monitoring recruitment and evaluating alternative recruitment indices for future use in harvest management-planning actions.
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Taukhid, Taukhid, Hambali Supriyadi und Isti Koesharyani. „SURVEY OF VIRAL DISEASES OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei IN INDONESIA“. Indonesian Aquaculture Journal 3, Nr. 1 (30.06.2008): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.3.1.2008.59-68.
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Penaeid shrimp culture is a major contributor to foreign exchange earning in Indonesia. It has significant impact on economic development of fisheries sector, and leads to be one of prime mover to improve social prosperity. However, shrimp industry particularly black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) has been facing unpredictable situation due to disease problem. The main constrain in correlation to the development of shrimp industry is disease outbreak, especially caused by viral agents. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) occurred in 1994, causing mass mortality of black tiger shrimp almost in all of the middle and western part of Indonesia. Due to the disease problem, it is estimated that in year 2000, more than 50% of shrimp pond were idle. Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) or “udang vanamei” was introduced to Indonesia at the end of 1999, and released officially in July, 2001. Response of shrimp farmers to the shrimp rapidly accepted and distributed to many provinces in the country. At the end of 2006, distribution of white shrimp culture was encountered in more than 15 provinces. The seeds are mainly produced from hatcheries located in East Java and Lampung. The information of TSV in Indonesia was reported firstly from East Java at the end of 2002, without a clear history. Since then, survey of TSV distribution was conducted intensively in white shrimp production areas. Beside TSV, population of white shrimp coming to Indonesia also susceptible to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) infection. A survey with the aim to know significant viral diseases of white shrimp is needed to set up an alternative strategy to control them. The survey was conducted, firstly in the main production centers of white shrimp; and planned to be continued throughout the country. Samples collection, diagnostic method and data compiled in this study were collected from both active and passive surveillance. Diagnosis of viral diseases infecting white shrimp in this study was focused on TSV, WSSV, and IHHNV agents. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test has been used as a major diagnostic technique in this study. Progress report of the study showed that TSV spreading limited in controlled areas. The study proved that WSSV and IHHNV have been found in cultured white shrimp. All of the diseases mentioned above tend to be a significant constrain of future white shrimp industry in Indonesia, and special attention should be given in order to protect wide-spread of particular disease from infected to uninfected ones. Also, briefly current status of white shrimp culture development in the country will be discussed in this paper.
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Dickson, R. D., D. Esler, J. W. Hupp, E. M. Anderson, J. R. Evenson und J. Barrett. „Phenology and duration of remigial moult in Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) and White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca) on the Pacific coast of North America“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, Nr. 8 (August 2012): 932–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-061.
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By quantifying phenology and duration of remigial moult in Surf Scoters ( Melanitta perspicillata (L., 1758)) and White-winged Scoters ( Melanitta fusca (L., 1758)), we tested whether timing of moult is dictated by temporal optima or constraints. Scoters (n = 3481) were captured during moult in Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington, and remigial emergence dates were determined. We provide evidence for a pre-emergence interval of 7.3 days that occurs after old primaries are shed and before new ones become visible. All age and sex classes of both scoter species exhibited a wide range of emergence dates (Surf Scoters: 26 June to 22 September; White-winged Scoters: 6 July to 21 September) suggestive of a lack of strong temporal optima for remigial moult. For both species, timing of moult was influenced by site, year, age, and sex. Relative to other waterfowl species, scoters have typical remigial growth rates (Surf Scoters: 3.9 mm·day–1; White-winged Scoters: 4.3 mm·day–1) but a long flightless period (34–49 days), in part because their relatively high wing-loading requires a greater proportion of feather regrowth to regain flight. Our data suggest that moulting scoters are not under strong selective pressure to complete moult quickly.
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Gowans, Shannon, und Hal Whitehead. „Distribution and habitat partitioning by small odontocetes in the Gully, a submarine canyon on the Scotian Shelf“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, Nr. 9 (01.09.1995): 1599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-190.
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In this paper we examine the summer distribution of three species of small odontocetes in the highly productive waters in and near the Gully, a submarine canyon on the edge of the Scotian Shelf. Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) and common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) were not randomly distributed with respect to depth, sea-floor relief, month of sighting, or sea-surface temperature. Long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) were not randomly distributed with respect to month or sea-surface temperature. These species used the Gully slightly differently, although there was overlap. White-sided dolphins were seen only in the core of the canyon, but were sighted at all temperatures, depths, and sea-floor reliefs and throughout the summer field season. Common dolphins had a modest range throughout the deeper waters and were not seen in the summer before July, when the water warms. Pilot whales ranged widely over the study area, preferring areas with fairly flat relief and were more common later in the summer, when the waters were warmer. It appears that white-sided and common dolphins partition the Gully temporally but not geographically.
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Pujimulyani, Dwiyati, und Wisnu Adi Yulianto. „Counseling on the Benefits of White Turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.) and Probiotic Foods in the Writing Farmer Group“. JATI EMAS (Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik dan Pengabdian Masyarakat) 7, Nr. 3 (05.09.2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36339/je.v7i3.784.
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Recently in Indonesia, there has been an increase in degenerative diseases such as heart disease caused by high blood fat levels, namely triglycerides and cholesterol. Prevention of heart disease can be done by adjusting the diet and consuming healthy foods that contain hypocholesterolemic properties and probiotics. Compounds that are thought to have hypocholesterolemic properties are curcuminoids in rhizomes such as white saffron (Curcuma mangga Val.). In addition, probiotic food is very good for the body because it contains microorganisms that can support the digestive and immune systems. Sumbersari village is in Moyudan sub-district, Sleman district, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Most of the people work in agriculture as owners or cultivators. The survey results of the service team showed that the community did not know how to cultivate, the benefits of white saffron, how to process instant powder and the benefits of probiotic foods that can reduce the risk of degenerative diseases such as heart disease. Counseling was held on Saturday 29 July 2023 which was attended by 36 people. The first step of the service activity is the coordination of cooperation with partners to motivate the community of the Farmer Group in Menulis hamlet to be willing to participate wholeheartedly in all activities. At the implementation stage, counseling was carried out to broaden the insight of the Farmers Group of Menulis hamlet related to the cultivation and benefits of white saffron and probiotic food. In addition to counseling activities, there was also a distribution of white saffron seeds, white saffron capsules, instant powder "ESEM" empon-empon, yakult, and souvenir of the book "Lebih Sehat dengan Kunir Putih Jenis Mangga". The Menulis farmer group was eager to plant white saffron seeds and enthusiastic about the benefits of white saffron and probiotics, as evidenced by the many questions during counseling.
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Campbell, Tonya J., Sophie A. Kitchen, Mina Tadrous, Cynthia Damba, Colin H. Johnson, Ashley Smoke, Frank Crichlow und Tara Gomes. „Varying circumstances surrounding opioid toxicity deaths across ethno-racial groups in Ontario, Canada: a population-based descriptive cross-sectional study“. BMJ Public Health 2, Nr. 1 (März 2024): e000480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000480.
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IntroductionThe North American toxic drug crisis has been framed as an epidemic primarily affecting white people. However, evidence suggests that deaths are rising among racialised people. Accordingly, we sought to describe and compare characteristics and circumstances of opioid toxicity deaths across ethno-racial groups.MethodsWe conducted a population-based, descriptive cross-sectional study of all individuals who died of accidental opioid toxicity in Ontario, Canada between 1 July 2017 and 30 June 2021. Decedents were categorised as Asian, black, Latin American or white. We summarised decedents’ sociodemographic characteristics, circumstances surrounding death and patterns of healthcare utilisation preceding death by ethno-racial group, and used standardised differences (SDs) to draw comparisons.ResultsOverall, 6687 Ontarians died of opioid toxicity, of whom 275 were Asian (4.1%), 238 were black (3.6%), 53 were Latin American (0.8%), 5222 were white (78.1%) and 899 (13.4%) had an unknown ethno-racial identity. Black people (median age: 35 years; SD: 0.40) and Asian people (median age: 37 years; SD: 0.30) generally died younger than white people (median age: 40 years), and there was greater male predominance in deaths among Asian people (86.2%; SD: 0.30), Latin American people (83.0%; SD: 0.21) and black people (80.3%; SD: 0.14) relative to white people (74.6%). Cocaine contributed to more deaths among black people (55.9%; SD: 0.37) and Asian people (45.1%; SD: 0.15) compared with white people (37.6%). Racialised people had a lower prevalence of opioid agonist treatment in the 5 years preceding death (black people: 27.9%, SD: 0.73; Asian people: 51.1%, SD: 0.22; white people: 61.9%).ConclusionsThere are marked differences in the risk factors, context and patterns of drug involvement in opioid toxicity deaths across ethno-racial groups, and substantial disparities exist in access to harm reduction and treatment services. Prevention and response strategies must be tailored and targeted to racialised people.
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Sarooshi, RA, und RJ Hutton. „Midseason oranges for juice production“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, Nr. 8 (1992): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9931141.
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Juice quality, yield performance, and cropping efficiency of 6 midseason orange varieties (Hamlin, Parramatta, Pineapple, Joppa, White Siletta, and Mediterranean Sweet), together with Seedless Valencia on 4 rootstocks [Troyer citrange, Poncirus trifoliata, rough lemon, and either Benton citrange (coastal) or sweet orange (inland)], were studied for their suitability for both processed and fresh orange juice production. Promising midseason varieties for processed orange juice were Parramatta and Hamlin on Troyer citrange, and Parramatta on P. trifoliata, when grown in coastal districts. Debittered juice of Joppa on Troyer citrange could also be used for processing by early September on the coast. Preferred inland varieties for production of processed orange juice were Mediterranean Sweet and Harnlin on Troyer citrange. Midseason oranges grown inland had higher citric acid levels than the same variety grown on the coast. This resulted in inland fruit having lower ratios of total soluble solids (TSS) to acid, and later maturities, than fruit grown on the coast. Acceptable fresh orange juice was produced from fruit of Parramatta, Hamlin, White Siletta, and Mediterranean Sweet varieties grown on Troyer citrange rootstock in coastal districts; inland, fruit of Mediterranean Sweet, Joppa, Parramatta, and White Siletta varieties on Troyer citrange rootstock produced good quality, fresh orange juice. Hamlin can also be marketed as fresh fruit. In coastal production areas, harvesting can commence from mid July for Hamlin, from mid to late August for Parramata, and from early September for White Siletta and Mediterranean Sweet. Harvest in inland districts for processed juice should commence in mid July for Hamlin and in early September for Mediterranean Sweet, whilst harvest for fresh juice and/or fruit should proceed in early September for Mediterranean Sweet, and in late September for Parramatta, White Siletta, and Joppa. Highest fruit yields and large trees were produced by Parramatta and Joppa on Troyer citrange and rough lemon rootstocks. Most quality characteristics were better for fruit produced on Troyer citrange than on rough lemon. Both Benton citrange and sweet orange performed poorly and are not recommended as rootstocks for midseason oranges. All varieties on Troyer citrange had better yield and TSS/ha than those on P. trifoliata rootstock, which produced smaller but highly cropping efficient trees.
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Porter, Trevor J., Michael F. J. Pisaric, Steven V. Kokelj und Peter deMontigny. „A ring-width-based reconstruction of June–July minimum temperatures since AD 1245 from white spruce stands in the Mackenzie Delta region, northwestern Canada“. Quaternary Research 80, Nr. 2 (September 2013): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.05.004.
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We present a reconstruction of June–July minimum temperatures since AD 1245 for the Mackenzie Delta region based on a 29-site network of white spruce (Picea glauca) ring-width series. Most but not all trees experienced a divergent temperature–growth response, similar to the divergence that has affected other white spruce trees across Yukon and Alaska. However, divergence in the study region began as early as AD 1900 and we have documented our methods to avoid including divergent signals in the reconstruction. Calibration/verification testing based on local temperature data, and multi-century coherence with nearby and large-scale temperature proxy records, confirm that our reconstruction is robust. The reconstruction shows cool conditions in the late 13th, early 18th and early 19th centuries, corresponding with solar minima and increased volcanism. These cool periods are interrupted by warm periods consistent with early to mid-20th century warmth. The late 20th century is the warmest interval, and the last decade is estimated to be 1.4°C warmer than any decade before the mid-20th century. The reconstructed climate history corroborates other proxy-based inferences and supports the notion that high-latitude regions such as the Mackenzie Delta have experienced rapid warming in recent decades that is exceptional in the last eight centuries.
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Datta, Tanusree, Meghla Saha Pinky, Chandan Kumar Dash und Kazi Nahida Begum. „Orcein and Fluorescent Banding Analysis of Two Floral Types of Catharanthus Roseus L.“ Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 29, Nr. 2 (26.08.2020): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v29i2.48765.
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Two floral types of Catharanthus roseus L. viz. pink and white were studied through differential staining with orcein, CMA and DAPI for cytogenetical characterization and to assist towards updating their taxonomical status and evaluating chromosomal diversity between them. "Simple Chromocenter Type" of interphase nuclei was observed with some darkly stained small heterochromatic regions throughout the nuclei. Most of the prophase chromosomes of Catharanthus roseus (pink and white) were "Continuous Type" and a few were "Gradient Type". Although these two floral types possessed 16 metacentric chromosomes in somatic cells, they showed variation in fluorescent banding pattern considering the modification of GC- and AT-rich repetitive segments. Taking into account all the parameters of both the floral types of C. roseus showed strict symmetric karyotype as well as primitive nature. Therefore, the combined data of differential staining provide information to make comments on their chromosomal status with cytogenetical characterization and also create a baseline for future research.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 219-227, 2020 (July)
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Kard, Bradford M. R., und Fred P. Hain. „Flight Patterns and White Grub Population Densities of Three Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Mountains of Northwestern North Carolina“. Journal of Entomological Science 25, Nr. 1 (01.01.1990): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.1.34.
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Light-trap and soil-sampling studies were conducted at higher elevations in the Appalachian Mountains of northwestern North Carolina to determine adult flight patterns and white grub population densities and instar ratios of three scarab species: Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) Glasgow, P. fusca (Froelich) Glasgow, and Polyphylla comes Casey. Flights of the two Phyllophaga species overlapped (May–June), preceding Polyphlla flights (July–August). Multiple flights of Phyllophaga anxia and P. fusca occurred over periods of 10 and 12 weeks, respectively. Multiple flights of Polyphylla comes lasted for 6 weeks. For all three species, peak flight densities occurred 3 to 4 weeks after initial flights. Phyllophaga males and females were captured in large numbers, but very few female Polyphylla were caught. Most Phyllophaga were caught before midnight, most Polyphylla between midnight and 0400 h. White grubs were found in the root zone from early May to late September. The mean (±SEM) and maximum grub densities observed were 14.6 ± 1.7 and 34.0 grubs per m2, respectively.
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Ahmed, Nausheen, Sarah Fitzmaurice, Cherie Morey, Tania Torres, Darla Beckman, Siddhartha Ganguly, Rajat Bansal et al. „Telehealth to increase access to transplant survivorship care for allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients regardless of distance to transplant center or neighborhood income.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2021): e13615-e13615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e13615.
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e13615 Background: Transplant Survivorship Clinic at our institution serves to improve outcomes and overall health of allogeneic transplant survivors. The COVID19 pandemic allowed for growth of telemedicine in our program. We examine the patterns of use of telehealth and hypothesize that the use of telemedicine allowed continued access to care compared to the era prior to availability. We compared our transplant survivorship clinic data from July- December 2020, when telehealth was well established and compared to July-December 2019. Methods: All patients seen by the survivorship team for end of treatment visits, graft versus host disease assessments and survivorship visits annually between July-December 2019 and July-December 2020 were included. Their zip codes were used to get direct distance to survivorship clinic, average drive time, driving distance and average household income as in zip-codes.com database. Results: Total number of office visits in July-Dec 2019 was 163 visits (0% via telehealth) and in July-Dec 2020 was 228 (66.2% via telehealth). All encounters (telehealth and office visits) were lower in July and August 2020 compared to July and August 2019 but higher in months of September -December 2020 compared to 2019. Comparing all encounters during 7/2019-12/2019 to 7/2020-12/2020, there was no statistically significant difference in median age (58yr vs 60 yr), gender (males: 58% vs 59%), race (non-white: 11% vs 8.7%), median years from transplant (4yr vs 3 yrs), median income of patient neighborhood ($63,735 vs $60,465) and average drive time to center from zip code (40 min vs 51min). Comparison of patients who chose telehealth vs. office visit is summarized in table. While there was no statistically significant difference in age when comparing all encounters in 2019 and 2020, those who chose telehealth were younger (55yrs vs 60yrs, p=0.003). Conclusions: There were higher patient encounters in the 2020 period compared to 2019. Most of these 2020 encounters were via were telehealth, demonstrating the role of telehealth in increasing access. Younger patients appeared to choose telehealth, but telehealth served patients up to the age of 77 yrs. Utilization of telehealth appeared to be irrespective of demographics such as gender, neighborhood income and driving distance to the center. Comparison of telehealth vs office visit for July-December 2019 and 2020.[Table: see text]
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McKenzie, F. R., J. L. Jacobs und G. Kearney. „The long-term impact of nitrogen fertiliser on perennial ryegrass tiller and white clover growing point densities in grazed dairy pastures in south-western Victoria“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, Nr. 11 (2002): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02020.
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A 3-year grazing experiment determined the impact of multiple applications of different rates of nitrogen (N) fertiliser, applied over autumn and winter in 1997, 1998, and 1999, on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) tiller and growing point densities (stolon apices with at least 2 nodes). Annual pasture dry matter (DM) yields were also monitored. Four treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomised block design and included: 0 N (A); 3 applications of 25 kg N/ha (B); 3 applications of 50 kg N/ha (C); and 3 applications of 75 kg N/ha (D). Urea (46% N) was the N source. Grazing of treatment plots occurred at a pre-grazing herbage mass of 2200–2500 kg DM/ha.Over 3 years, N applications consistently increased annual pasture DM yields by 0.9–3.3 t/ha when a total of 75–225 kg N/ha was applied annually.Generally, treatments B, C, and D resulted in higher perennial ryegrass tiller densities than treatment A. An exception occurred from July 1998 in Year 2 to July 1999 in Year 3, when all perennial ryegrass densities were similar. Nitrogen fertiliser generally produced no consistent effect on white clover growing point density, with the exception of July–December in Year 2 when treatments B, C, and D resulted in lower growing point densities than treatment A. Clover growing point density decreased over the trial period irrespective of treatment. There were no N fertiliser effects on 'other' grasses and broadleaved weeds. 'Other' grasses (mainly winter grass, Poa annua) did, however, peak in density (up to 2500 tillers/m2) from July to September each year.Seasonally, the peak perennial ryegrass tiller density was similar each year and occurred during late winter–early spring (5450 tillers/m2 in July 1997; 6200 tillers/m2 in August 1998; 5400 tillers/m2 in July 1999). This was followed by a trough over midsummer (800 tillers/m2 in January 1998; 725 tillers/m2 in January 1999). White clover growing point density declined over 3 years. During this decline there were peaks in June 1997 (2650 growing points/m2), November 1997 (1600 growing points/m2), June 1998 (1250 growing points/m2), April 1999 (1050 growing points/m2), and November 1999 (850 growing points/m2). Troughs occurred in January 1998 (530 growing points/m2) and February 1999 (380 growing points/m2).It is concluded that although increasing applications of N increased annual pasture DM yields and generally increased perennial ryegrass tiller densities, with little effect on clover growing point densities, there is little to suggest that N fertiliser alone would enhance the persistence of these pasture species. Persistence is likely to be influenced by a combination of factors including grazing management and climatic effects, rather than N fertiliser alone.
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Moon, Ken. „Fifty Years of Dazzling, Dizzying Threads: Anniversary of Pittsburgh Pirates Debuting Double-Knits July 1970.“ Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, Nr. 8 (11.08.2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8527.
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This article was originally accepted for presentation at the Baseball in Literature and Culture Conference at Ottawa University in Ottawa, Kansas, in April 2020 (conference cancelled due to Covid-19 outbreak) and presented virtually (via Zoom) for the 37th Sports Literature Association Conference, Virtual Edition June 19, 2020. This article commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the Pittsburgh Pirates, when debuting in Three Rivers Stadium fifty years ago July 16, 1970, making a fashion statement in their new uniforms that would change the look of the game as much as the multi-purpose stadiums and artificial surface fields Major Leaguers played on. Their white double-knit uniforms would spark a revolution in uniform design soon to be adopted by all the Major League teams within a couple years. Their uniform’s nylon-cotton blend fabric changed the look of Major League Baseball at a time when advancements in textile technology combined with a freer spirit in graphics experimentation allowed for bold—and sometimes wild—fashion designs not seen before in professional sports. Several books along with news and commercial web sites/sources are referenced to confirm information in the article.
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Zuo, George, Beau Kilmer und Nancy Nicosia. „Mortality Disparities Among Arrestees by Race, Sentencing Disposition, and Place“. JAMA Health Forum 5, Nr. 7 (12.07.2024): e241794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.1794.
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ImportanceUnderstanding mortality disparities among justice system–involved populations is crucial for public health and policy, especially for marginalized racial groups such as American Indian/Alaska Native persons.ObjectiveTo examine racial disparities in mortality within the broader justice system–involved population in South Dakota, focusing on different sentencing dispositions and the role of place.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis observational study used administrative criminal records linked to mortality data from January 2000 to December 2016. The statewide data linked data from South Dakota Attorney General’s Office and South Dakota Department of Health. Individuals aged 18 years and older with arrests were analyzed in this population-based sample. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2022, to July 30, 2023.ExposureSentencing dispositions were categorized as arrest only, fine, probation, jail, and prison.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were mortality rates (both all-cause and cause-specific) calculated using Poisson regression models, adjusted for demographic and county variables.ResultsOf 182 472 individuals with 422 987 arrests, the study sample included 29 690 American Indian/Alaska Native arrestees (17 900 [60%] male; mean [SD] age, 29.4 [11.0] years) and 142 248 White arrestees (103 471 [73%] male; mean [SD] age, 32.6 [12.9] years). American Indian/Alaska Native persons accounted for 16% of arrestees and 26% of arrests, but only 9% of the population in South Dakota. Across dispositions, mortality risk was greater for White individuals sentenced to probation, jail, and prison relative to White individuals who were arrested only. In terms of racial disparities, all-cause mortality risk was 2.37 (95% CI, 1.95-2.88) times higher for American Indian/Alaska Native than White arrestees in the arrest-only disposition. Disparities persisted across all dispositions but narrowed substantially for probation and prison. Results were similar for cause-specific mortality risk, except for cancer risk. In urban areas, mortality risk was 2.70 (95% CI, 1.29-2.44) times greater for American Indian/Alaska Native individuals relative to White individuals among those with arrest-only dispositions.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based observational study, mortality risk and associated racial disparities among justice system–involved individuals differed substantially across dispositions and places, underscoring the need for public health interventions tailored to these factors. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which sentencing and place shape these disparities.