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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Algal populations South Australia West Island“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Algal populations South Australia West Island"
1
Shaughnessy, P. D., S. D. Goldsworthy und A. I. Mackay. „The long-nosed fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) in South Australia in 2013–14: abundance, status and trends“. Australian Journal of Zoology 63, Nr. 2 (2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14103.
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The long-nosed (or New Zealand) fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) breeds in southern Australia and New Zealand. Most of the Australian population is in South Australia, between Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Fur seal populations in southern Australia were heavily exploited by colonial sealers between 1801 and 1830, resulting in major reductions. Numbers remained low for 150 years, then slowly built up and new colonies established across their presumed former range. Here we present estimates of pup abundance at South Australia colonies, mostly during the 2013–14 breeding season. Long-nosed fur seals bred from Baudin Rocks in the south-east to Fenelon Island in the north-west. In total, 29 breeding colonies produced 20 431 pups, 3.6 times greater than the 1989–90 estimate; the increase is attributed to recovery from 19th century overharvesting. The 2013–14 pup estimate leads to an estimate of abundance of long-nosed fur seals in South Australia of 97 200. Most pups were on Kangaroo Island (49.6%) and the Neptune Islands (38.6%). New breeding colonies were identified on Williams Island and at two small sites on Kangaroo Island. The increasing trend in South Australia is likely to continue over the coming decade, primarily by expansion in colonies on Kangaroo Island and by establishment of new colonies.
2
Pichon, A., L. Arvanitakis, O. Roux, A. A. Kirk, C. Alauzet, D. Bordat und L. Legal. „Genetic differentiation among various populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Lepidoptera Yponomeutidae“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 96, Nr. 2 (April 2006): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2005409.
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AbstractGenetic variation among 14 populations of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) from USA (Geneva, New York), Brazil (Brasilia), Japan (Okayama), The Philippines (Caragan de Oyo), Uzbekistan (Tashkent), France (Montpellier), Benin (Cotonou), South Africa (Johannesburg), Réunion Island (Montvert), and five localities in Australia (Adelaide, Brisbane, Mareeba, Melbourne, Sydney) were assessed by analysis of allozyme frequencies at seven polymorphic loci. Most of the populations were not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and had a deficit in heterozygotes. The global differentiation among populations was estimated by the fixation index (Fst) at 0.103 for the 14 populations and at 0.047 when populations from Australia and Japan, which differed most and had a strong genetic structure, were excluded from the analysis. By contrast, the populations from Benin (West Africa) and Brazil (South America) were very similar to each other. Genetic differentiation among the populations was not correlated with geographical distance.
3
Tidemann, CR. „Morphological Variation in Australian and Island Populations of Goulds Wattled Bat, Chalinolobus-Gouldii (Gray) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)“. Australian Journal of Zoology 34, Nr. 4 (1986): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860503.
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Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to demonstrate that C. gouldii increases in size from north to south and, to a lesser extent, from west to east. There is little difference between the sexes in most dimensions. Although significant differences exist between animals from localities widely separated geographically, multivariate analyses suggest that C. gouldii once occurred over most of mainland Australia, Tasmania, Norfolk I. and New Caledonia. The species appears to have become extinct or very rare in recent times on Norfolk I.; the possibility of re-introduction is discussed.
4
Heenan, Peter B., Ian R. H. Telford und Jeremy J. Bruhl. „Three new species of Gingidia (Apiaceae: Apioideae) from Australia and New Zealand segregated from G. montana“. Australian Systematic Botany 26, Nr. 3 (2013): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb13007.
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Three new species of Gingidia (Apiaceae: Apioideae) segregated from the G. montana (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) J.W.Dawson complex are named, with G. montana now regarded as a New Zealand endemic. The new Australian endemic, G. rupicola I.Telford & J.J.Bruhl, is restricted to the eastern escarpment of the New England Tableland, New South Wales. With few populations and limited numbers of plants, the conservation assessment of G. rupicola is Endangered. G. haematitica Heenan is described as a new species from North-West Nelson, South Island, New Zealand, where it is restricted to base-rich substrates in the Burnett Range. Because of its restricted distribution and the continued mining for dolomite at the site of the largest population, G. haematitica is considered to have a conservation assessment of Nationally Critical. The second New Zealand endemic, G. amphistoma Heenan, is known from alpine habitats in the Southern Alps, South Island. Distributions of the three new species are mapped, habitats noted, and a table compares attributes of these species and G. montana.
5
Coleman, M. A., B. M. Gillanders und S. D. Connell. „Dispersal and gene flow in the habitat-forming kelp, Ecklonia radiata: relative degrees of isolation across an east - west coastline“. Marine and Freshwater Research 60, Nr. 8 (2009): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08268.
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Characterising patterns of dispersal and gene flow in habitat-forming organisms is becoming a focal concern for conservation and management strategies as anthropogenic impacts drive change in coastal ecosystems. Here, we use six microsatellite markers to characterise dispersal and gene flow across the South Australian distribution of the habitat-forming kelp Ecklonia radiata. Populations of E. radiata on subtidal reefs in South Australia were highly genetically structured on large (100s of km, FST = 0.211) and small (10s of km, FST = 0.042) spatial scales with the extent of differentiation positively correlated with geographic distances among populations. Neither the presence of oceanic currents nor intervening rocky reef habitats appeared to facilitate widespread gene flow. There was a trend for island populations to be more genetically differentiated from those on the mainland and to have slightly greater levels of heterozygosity than mainland populations. Our results show relatively low dispersal and gene flow suggesting that recovery following kelp loss may be slow. Such information not only provides insights into relative rates of recovery, but may also identify which populations may be best used for propagation and restoration efforts.
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Kirby, GC. „The Population Biology of a Smut Fungus, Ustilago spinificis Ludw. I. Geographic Distribution and Abundance.“ Australian Journal of Botany 36, Nr. 3 (1988): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9880339.
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Ustilago spinificis, a floral smut of Spinifex hirsutus and S. sericeus, was collected across southern Australia from Yanchep, W.A. on the west coast to Seaspray, Vic, on the south-eastern coast and from the North Island of New Zealand. The host plants are most abundant on beaches with extensive sand dunes and the smut is common in regions where the host is abundant. The distribution limits for the smut are set by the replacement of S. hirsutus by a non-host, S. longifolius, north of Perth on the west coast; by the absence or rarity of host plants on rocky coastlines across the Great Australian Bight and in the SE. and SW. corners of Australia; and by the limited occurrence of host plants on the east coast of Australia. Spinifex inflorescences were sampled on 33 beaches and on the 29 beaches where smut was found the mean frequency of smutted inflorescences was 22%. These high infection rates represent a natural epidemic of a plant disease and data on other natural populations of smut fungi are presented to show that these results are not exceptional.
7
Pearson, D. J., und J. E. Kinnear. „A Review of The Distribution, Status and Conservation of Rock-wallabies in Western Australia.“ Australian Mammalogy 19, Nr. 2 (1996): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97137.
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Western Australia has five species of rock-wallabies. Petrogale brachyotis, Petrogale burbidgei and Petrogale concinna occur in wet-dry tropical habitats in the Kimberley region. Petrogale rothschildi is a Pilbara region endemic, while Petrogale lateralis has the largest distribution, extending from the south-west Kimberley to islands off the southern coastline. There have been few collections of the three species restricted to the Kimberley. Their small size, secretive disposition and variable pelage have hampered field identification, and thus, understanding of their distribution and status. The populations of all three are currently believed to be stable and their status is considered secure. Petrogale rothschildi is known from the Hamersley and Chichester Ranges, the east Pilbara, the Burrup Peninsula and four islands in the Dampier Archipelago. It is abundant on three of these islands but has declined on Dolphin island. The status of the mainland populations is uncertain. Petrogale lateralis is a diverse species, with two subspecies and two chromosomal races occurring in WA. Petrogale lateralis hacketti is restricted to three islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche. Petrogale lateralis lateralis has declined throughout its mainland range, with extant populations known from six localities in the Wheatbelt; Cape Range; the Calvert Range; and Barrow and Salisbury Islands. It may still be extant in Kalbarri National Park. Petrogale lateralis West Kimberley race has a restricted distribution but appears secure, while P. lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race has declined markedly in recent years. Fox predation has been implicated in the decline of some populations of P. lateralis and P. rothschildi. The impact of factors such as competition from introduced grazers (stock, rabbits, goats), fire and habitat clearing have not been examined. Increased control of exotic predators, taxonomic research to clarify the identity of unsampled populations and field surveys are needed to improve the conservation outlook for WA rock-wallabies.
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Copley, P. B., und P. J. Alexander. „Overview of The Status of Rock-wallabies in South Australia.“ Australian Mammalogy 19, Nr. 2 (1996): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97153.
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The status of Yellow-footed Rock-wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus) and Black-footed Rock-wallabies (P. lateralis) in South Australia was assessed by comparing recent survey and census data with previously collated information about the distribution and relative abundance of each taxon. Petrogale xanthopus has maintained most of its known geographic range within the state; however, its relative abundance has declined significantly and 35 (or 15%) of a total of 229 recorded colonies have become extinct since European settlement. Eight of these colony extinctions have occurred over the past 25 years; three of them since 1981. As this species is continuing to decline it should be regarded as threatened within the state. Petrogale lateralis has at least two sub-species which occur in South Australia. Petrogale lateralis pearsoni is endemic to the state and occurs on offshore islands. Since 1960 its natural occurrence of about 3-500 individuals on North Pearson Island has been expanded to four other islands through translocations and the total population is now about 700-1100 animals. This subspecies, while not occurring in large numbers, is nonetheless relatively secure due to the additional populations established and the fact that these are on islands isolated from most mainland threats. The mainland subspecies, Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race, by comparison has suffered a drastic reduction in both geographic range and abundance to the point where it is South Australia’s most critically endangered vertebrate taxon. It has declined from being a very common species in the state’s far north- west to only two known, widely separated, colonies which total less than 100 animals between them. Management and research recommendations are provided.
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Bougher, N. L., und J. A. Friend. „Fungi consumed by translocated Gilbert's potoroos (Potorous gilbertii) at two sites with contrasting vegetation, south coastal Western Australia“. Australian Mammalogy 31, Nr. 2 (2009): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09012.
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Gilbert’s potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) was previously widespread in south-west Australia but is now restricted to one location – a granitic area of shrubby heath at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve on the south coast of Western Australia. To alleviate the threat of extinction a program is under way to establish potoroos in other locations. At Two Peoples Bay Gilbert’s potoroos feed almost exclusively on truffle fungi. However, it was not known whether potoroos translocated to any new areas would be able to rapidly access and consume fungi after translocation, or whether truffles could be a sustainable food supporting breeding populations of potoroos in translocation sites. Furthermore, it was not known whether translocation of potoroos would be successful only in areas with vegetation similar to their refuge at Two Peoples Bay. The current study addressed these questions by analysing the diet of potoroos translocated into two contrasting areas – one on Bald Island with similar topography and vegetation to that of Two Peoples Bay, and the other a 14-ha enclosure on the mainland dominated by Eucalyptus–Allocasuarina woodland. The diet of potoroos was characterised by microscopic examination of scats from individuals trapped after their translocation to these areas. At Bald Island a diverse range of fungi was consumed immediately after translocation. Four potoroos released onto the island only 4–8 days previously consumed 23 species of fungi. Consumption was sustained over time. Three potoroos released onto Bald Island 1–2 years previously and one island-born individual consumed 27 species of fungi during a two-day sampling period. Nine of the 27 fungi species were the same as those that had been consumed by the potoroos within days after their release onto the island. This indicates that production of fungi and their consumption by potoroos on the island was sustained at least 1–2 years after translocation. Potoroos bred on Bald Island during this period. During the same period, two potoroos that were moved from captivity to the mainland site (Ryedene) were consuming six species of truffles within 29 days after release, and 14 species within three months. Such data indicate that a wider selection of vegetation types and areas than just those similar to where potoroos occur at Two Peoples Bay may be able to sustain potoroos and should be investigated for future translocations.
10
Story, G., D. Berman, R. Palmer und J. Scanlan. „The impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations in Queensland“. Wildlife Research 31, Nr. 2 (2004): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00099.
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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) escaped from quarantine facilities on Wardang Island in September 1995 and spread through South Australia to Queensland by December 1995. To determine the impact of this biological control agent on wild rabbit populations in Queensland, shot sample and spotlight count data were collected at six sites. RHDV spread across Queensland from the south-west to the east at a rate of at least 91 km month–1 between October 1995 and October 1996. The initial impact on rabbit density appeared highly variable, with an increase of 81% (255 ± 79 (s.e.) to 385 ± 73 rabbits km–2) at one site and a decrease of 83% (129 ± 27 to 22 ± 18 rabbits km–2) at another during the first outbreak. However, after 30 months of RHDV activity, counts were at least 90% below counts conducted before RHDV arrived. Using a population model to account for environmental conditions, the mean suppression of rabbit density caused by rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) was estimated to be 74% (ranging from 43% to 94% between sites). No outbreaks were observed when the density of susceptible rabbits was lower than 12 km–2. Where rabbit density remains low for long periods RHDV may not persist. This is perhaps most likely to occur in the isolated populations towards the northern edge of the range of rabbits in Australia. RHDV may have to be reintroduced into these populations. Further south in areas more suitable for rabbits, RHDV is more likely to persist, resulting in a high density of immune rabbits. In such areas conventional control techniques may be more important to enhance the influence of RHD.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Algal populations South Australia West Island"
1
Copertino, Margareth. „Production ecology and ecophysiology of turf algal communities on a temperate reef (West Island, South Australia)“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc782.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-258). Estimates the primary production and investigates the photosynthetic performance of temperate turfs at West Island, off the coast of South Australia. These communities play a fundamental role in reef ecology, being the main source of food for grazers, both fishes and invertebrates. Turfs also have an important function in benthic algal community dynamics, being the first colonizers on disturbed and bare substratum.
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Copertino, Margareth. „Production ecology and ecophysiology of turf algal communities on a temperate reef (West Island, South Australia) / Margareth Copertino“. Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21821.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-258).xxi, 274 leaves, [8] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.), map 30 cm.
Estimates the primary production and investigates the photosynthetic performance of temperate turfs at West Island, off the coast of South Australia. These communities play a fundamental role in reef ecology, being the main source of food for grazers, both fishes and invertebrates. Turfs also have an important function in benthic algal community dynamics, being the first colonizers on disturbed and bare substratum.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Environmental Biology, 2002