Thematische Bibliographien / Alder Frankia

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Alder Frankia“

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Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Alder Frankia"

Hendrickson, O. Q., W. H. Fogal, and D. Burgess. "Growth and resistance to herbivory in N2-fixing alders." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 9 (1991): 1919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-241.

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Fixation of atmospheric N2 may provide an advantage to woody plants in N-limited environments, but may also alter their resistance to herbivory. Studies in adjacent plantings of three North American shrub alders (Alnus spp.) and three Eurasian tree alders showed significant species differences in susceptibility to a leaf-mining sawfly (Fenusa dohrnii) and in response to inoculation with a N2-fixing actinomycete (Frankia). During the first 5 years, woody biomass production ranged from 0.3 t∙ha−1∙year−1 in Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata (Sitka alder) to 8.3 t∙ha−1∙year−1 in Alnus incana ssp. incana (grey alder). Grey alder and another tree species (Alnus japonica) were attacked infrequently and suffered little sawfly damage except in plots with poor growth. The tree species Alnus glutinosa (black alder) was attacked frequently, and sawfly damage was greatest in plots with the best growth. The shrub species Alnus viridis ssp. crispa (green alder) was also attacked frequently but was highly resistant to larval feeding. Frequently attacked species showed greater damage in the lower portion of the crown. Frankia inoculation increased green alder biomass by 87% but had no significant effect on grey alder or black alder. The concept of a growth-defense trade-off does not fully explain the interactions between Alnus spp. and F. dohrnii. Key words: Alnus, Fenusa dohrnii, Frankia, biomass production, plant–herbivore interactions, leaf miner.

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Bélanger, Pier-Anne, Jean-Philippe Bellenger, and Sébastien Roy. "Strong modulation of nutrient distribution in Alnus glutinosa as a function of the actinorhizal symbiosis." Botany 91, no. 4 (2013): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2012-0184.

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Micro- and macro-nutrient acquisition by plants and microorganisms is a cornerstone for their survival and has a direct impact on biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we investigated, in controlled conditions, how the availability of exogenous nitrate impacted nutrient acquisition and distribution in black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) in the presence, or absence, of its nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont (Frankia sp.). Our findings show that alder physiology and distribution of nutrients between aerial and root tissues were strongly influenced by the presence of the symbiont. In both nodulated and non-nodulated alders, root allocation and total plant biomass were positively correlated, except when nodulated alders were subjected to low nitrate conditions (≤15 ppm). Alders receiving 45 ppm exogenous nitrate had a less developed actinorhizal symbiosis. These findings reflect the importance of root exploration in relation to plant dependence to exogenous nitrate. Nutrient composition of alder aerial tissues, in particular molybdenum, was significantly altered in the presence of Frankia. In the context of plant leaf-litter mutualism involving metals and N exchange, our findings of high Mo and P translocation to shoots of non-nodulated alders underscores how the state of the symbiosis in actinorhizal plants can influence the biogeochemical cycling of elements.

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Huss-Danell, Kerstin, Per-Olof Lundquist, and Helene Ohlsson. "N2 fixation in a young Alnus incana stand, based on seasonal and diurnal variation in whole plant nitrogenase activity." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (1992): 1537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-193.

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N2 fixation by grey alder, Alnus incana (L.) Moench, was studied in the field during two growing seasons in northern Sweden. Alders were planted in a nitrogen-poor soil. Each alder had its root system enclosed in an open-ended cylinder that was closed with a gas-tight lid around the stem base to serve as cuvette during nitrogenase activity (acetylene reducing activity) measurements. To follow the seasonal variation, nitrogenase activity was measured at noon on 15 occasions for each alder in 1987 and on 15 occasions in 1988. Diurnal variation in nitrogenase activity was studied at six occasions, but no obvious pattern in the diurnal variation was found. Nitrogenase activity began shortly after leaf emergence at the very end of May, increased in June, stayed high although with some variation through July and August, declined during September, and was zero in early October. Cumulative nitrogenase activity over the season was converted to cumulative N2 fixation after determination of molar ratio nitrogenase activity to N2 fixation. This conversion was facilitated as the Frankia chosen as symbiont was lacking hydrogenase activity. Control experiments showed that the introduced symbiont was the only infective Frankia in the soil. N2 fixation was estimated to be 0.23 and 2.83 g N/(alder∙year) in the 1st and 2nd year, respectively. Despite its young age, A. incana was apparently capable of high N2 fixation rates at the high latitude studied. Key words: Alnus incana, hydrogenase, intact plants, N2 fixation, seasonal variation, spreading of Frankia.

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Welsh, Allana K., Jeffrey O. Dawson, Gerald J. Gottfried, and Dittmar Hahn. "Diversity of Frankia Populations in Root Nodules of Geographically Isolated Arizona Alder Trees in Central Arizona (United States)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 21 (2009): 6913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01103-09.

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ABSTRACT The diversity of uncultured Frankia populations in root nodules of Alnus oblongifolia trees geographically isolated on mountaintops of central Arizona was analyzed by comparative sequence analyses of nifH gene fragments. Sequences were retrieved from Frankia populations in nodules of four trees from each of three mountaintops (n = 162) and their levels of diversity compared using spatial genetic clustering methods and single-nucleotide or 1, 3, or 5% sequence divergence thresholds. With the single-nucleotide threshold level, 45 different sequences with significant differences between the mountaintops were retrieved, with the southern site partitioning in a separate population from the two other sites. Some of these sequences were identical in nodules from different mountaintops and to those of strains isolated from around the world. A high level of diversity that resulted in the assignment of 14 clusters of sequences was also found on the 1% divergence level. Single-nucleotide and 1% divergence levels thus demonstrate microdiversity of frankiae in root nodules of A. oblongifolia trees and suggest a partitioning of diversity by site. At the 3 and 5% divergence levels, however, diversity was reduced to three clusters or one cluster, respectively, with no differentiation by mountaintop. Only at the 5% threshold level do all Frankia strains previously assigned to one genomic group cluster together.

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Russo, R. O., J. C. Gordon, and G. P. Berlyn. "Evaluating Alder-Endophyte (Alnus acuminata-Frankia- Mycorrhizae) Interactions." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 1, no. 1 (1993): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v01n01_06.

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Russo, Ricardo O. "Evaluating alder-endophyte (Alnus acuminata-Frankia-Mycorrhizae) interactions." Plant and Soil 118, no. 1-2 (1989): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02232801.

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Huss-Danell, Kerstin, and Helene Ohlsson. "Distribution of biomass and nitrogen among plant parts and soil nitrogen in a young Alnus incana stand." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (1992): 1545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-194.

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Grey alder, Alnus incana (L.) Moench, was inoculated with the local source of Frankia and planted in nitrogen-poor soil in northern (63.8°N, 20.3°E) Sweden. Each alder root system was enclosed in a cylinder that served as an open-ended cuvette for nitrogenase activity measurements. The alders grew well, especially during the 2nd year of the study. The final leaf area in each season was more closely related to total alder biomass than final height of alders. The alders lost 17% of their total dry mass as leaf litter each year. This corresponded to 33 g dry mass and 0.67 g N per alder during the 2nd year. During the 2 years the soil N increment was 0.52 g N per alder. Leaf litter N and the increase in soil N corresponded to 27 and 17%, respectively, of the N2 fixed in the 2 years. Already at a young age, N2-fixing A. incana can apparently contribute to an improved fertility of N deficient soils. Key words: aboveground biomass, Alnus incana, belowground biomass, leaf litter, nitrogen content, soil N increment.

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Batzli, Janet McCray, and Jeffrey O. Dawson. "Development of flood-induced lenticels in red alder nodules prior to the restoration of nitrogenase activity." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 9 (1999): 1373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-082.

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Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is a nitrogen-fixing woody plant that is common on wetland sites and tolerates flooding through a variety of induced morphological and physiological changes. Among these changes are the formation of hypertrophied nodule lenticels and the subsequent full restoration of nitrogenase activity after 50 days of flooding. The objective of this study was to examine fine structural changes within red alder nodules during lenticel development that correspond to changes in nitrogenase activity during a 50-day experimental flood. Nodulated seedlings of red alder were grown under greenhouse conditions and then exposed to root flooding for 1, 20, 35, or 50 days. At each harvest, estimates of nitrogenase activity were made via acetylene reduction, and nodule samples were taken for light-microscope examination. Only after 50 days of flooding did red alder show restoration of nitrogenase to pretreatment levels. At this time, Frankia vesicles were found to be directly adjacent to developing lenticel tissue and large intercellular spaces. Intercellular space within the nodule increased from 0.6% in nonflooded tissue to 5.7% after 50 days of flooding. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of the nitrogenase enzyme to low oxygen soil conditions and indicate that substantial morphological change within the nodule must occur before red alder can regain the capacity to fix nitrogen under flooded conditions.Key words: Alnus rubra, Frankia, waterlogged, biological nitrogen fixation, hypertrophied lenticels, intercellular space.

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GREITNER, CAROL S., and WILLIAM E. WINNER. "Effects of O3 on alder photosynthesis and symbiosis with Frankia." New Phytologist 111, no. 4 (1989): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb02359.x.

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Roy, Melanie, Adrien C. Pozzi, Raphaëlle Gareil, et al. "Alder and the Golden Fleece: high diversity of Frankia and ectomycorrhizal fungi revealed from Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata roots close to a Tertiary and glacial refugium." PeerJ 5 (July 18, 2017): e3479. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3479.

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Background Recent climatic history has strongly impacted plant populations, but little is known about its effect on microbes. Alders, which host few and specific symbionts, have high genetic diversity in glacial refugia. Here, we tested the prediction that communities of root symbionts survived in refugia with their host populations. We expected to detect endemic symbionts and a higher species richness in refugia as compared to recolonized areas. Methods We sampled ectomycorrhizal (EM) root tips and the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia communities in eight sites colonized by Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata close to the Caucasus in Georgia. Three sites were located in the Colchis, one major Eurasian climatic refugia for Arcto-Tertiary flora and alders, and five sites were located in the recolonized zone. Endemic symbionts and plant ITS variants were detected by comparing sequences to published data from Europe and another Tertiary refugium, the Hyrcanian forest. Species richness and community structure were compared between sites from refugia and recolonized areas for each symbionts. Results For both symbionts, most MOTUs present in Georgia had been found previously elsewhere in Europe. Three endemic Frankia strains were detected in the Colchis vs two in the recolonized zone, and the five endemic EM fungi were detected only in the recolonized zone. Frankia species richness was higher in the Colchis while the contrary was observed for EM fungi. Moreover, the genetic diversity of one alder specialist Alnicola xanthophylla was particularly high in the recolonized zone. The EM communities occurring in the Colchis and the Hyrcanian forests shared closely related endemic species. Discussion The Colchis did not have the highest alpha diversity and more endemic species, suggesting that our hypothesis based on alder biogeography may not apply to alder’s symbionts. Our study in the Caucasus brings new clues to understand symbioses biogeography and their survival in Tertiary and ice-age refugia, and reveals that isolated host populations could be of interest for symbiont diversity conservation.

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