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1
Bennett, Nathan, und Linda S. Kelley. „Assessing the Acceptance of the Disease Concept of Alcoholism among Eap Practitioners“. Journal of Drug Issues 17, Nr. 3 (Juli 1987): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700305.
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In the past 20 years special interest groups have increased efforts to de-stigmatize alcoholism through improving the image of the alcoholic and medicalizing alcoholism. Among specific initiatives is the effort to implement work-based employee assistance programs (EAPs) to identify alcoholic employees through job performance decrements and guide them to appropriate treatment resources. In this analysis, two issues are examined. First, we measure the degree to which the disease model of alcoholism is accepted among those working with alcoholics in job-based programs, those variously charged with administering EAPs. Second, we measure attitudes toward the employment of recovering alcoholics in the EAP field. Results indicate that recovery from alcoholism, the role of “co-alcoholic,” and the occupational setting of the EAP administrator each affect the attitudes regarding the disease concept of alcoholism and the appropriateness of recovering alcoholics working in the EAP field.
2
Bolotovsky, I. S. „The main directions of alcoholism prevention“. Kazan medical journal 67, Nr. 5 (15.09.1986): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj70723.
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The prevention of alcoholism must begin with eradicating the alcoholism that causes it, but alcoholics should not be identified with drunkards. Drunkenness is systematic, immoderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, moral and ethical promiscuity with a loss of control over one's behavior and actions with certain social consequences; alcoholism is a disease.
3
Amiel-Lebigre, F., M. Duyme und S. Tordjman. „A French family study of two groups of alcoholic men“. European Psychiatry 7, Nr. 2 (1992): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800003308.
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SummaryAlcoholic and psychiatric family history were investigated in two groups of alcoholics, recruited differently, and controls. Alcoholics with or without a family history of alcoholism (AFH + and AFH − ) were compared with regard to professional qualifications, personal psychiatric history, age at onset and reasons given for becoming alcoholic. The results can be summarized as follows: the family ‘aggregate’ of alcoholism found was independent of the recruitment. This was not the case for personal psychiatric history for which a gradient was found in the two alcoholic groups. Rates of alcoholism were higher in both the first and second degree relatives. Alcoholics with AFH+ and AFH− differed significantly with regard to inducement by profession, and tended to differ as to age of onset.
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Bruno, Maria Cecilia Teixeira de Carvalho, Maria Aparecida Constantino Vilela und Carlos Alberto B. Mendes de Oliveira. „Study on dermatoses and their prevalence in groups of confirmed alcoholic individuals in comparison to a non-alcoholic group of individuals“. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88, Nr. 3 (Juni 2013): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131829.
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BACKGROUND: The direct relationship between alcoholism and dermatoses has been evaluated in recent researches. However, there are few objective surveys that demonstrate and prove a direct relationship between alcohol and a specific dermatosis. OBJECTIVES: to verify the prevalence of dermatoses in alcoholics, analize the dermatological changes found in these patients and their evolution during alcoholic abstinence. Also, to compare the results obtained with a non-alcoholic control group and with the data found in medical literature. METHODS: the dermatologic conditions of 278 alcoholic patients (250 men, 28 women) were studied over a period of 4 years, and compared to those of a control group of 271 non-alcoholic individuals (249 men, 22 women), members of the Military Police Force. The individuals in both groups were between 20 and 60 years old. RESULTS: Pellagra, nummular eczema, purpura pigmentosa chronica (also known as pigmented purpuric dermatosis) and psoriasis were more frequent in the group of alcoholics and, apparently, occurred in parallel with alcoholism that seems to play a role in the evolution of these dermatoses. The dermatopathies were more frequent before the age of forty, regardless of factors such as profession, race or gender. CONCLUSION: the association of dermatoses and alcoholism was extremely significant according to the statistical data. Alcoholism can be considered a risk factor for pellagra, psoriasis, nummular eczema and purpura pigmentosa chronica dermatoses, which can, as well, be considered alcoholism indicators.
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El-Guebaly, Nady, Douglas Staley, Alison Leckie und Stuart Koensgen. „Adult Children of Alcoholics in Treatment Programs for Anxiety Disorders and Substance Abuse*“. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, Nr. 8 (Oktober 1992): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700804.
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Studies of the first-degree relatives of patients with alcoholism and anxiety disorders have identified a significant overlap of these disorders. Forty percent of the patients in an outpatient anxiety disorder program were adult children of alcoholics (ACOA), a proportion similar to that found in the substance abuse program. The ACOAs in both programs were younger, had higher co-dependency scores and were younger when they had their first psychiatric contact than the controls. The adult children of alcoholics who had anxiety disorders were more likely to be female and their alcoholic parents were less likely to have had psychiatric antecedents to alcoholism. Aside from substance abuse, similarities in socio-demographic variables and the impact of the parents' alcoholism were noted, reinforcing the hypothesis that vulnerabilities to anxiety disorders and alcoholism overlap.
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Zimmerman, Jeffrey D., und Barbara R. Zeller. „Imaginal, Sensory, and Cognitive Experience in Spontaneous Recovery from Alcoholism“. Psychological Reports 71, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1992): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3.691.
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Although alcoholism is often regarded as an intractable disorder that requires intensive treatment, studies of the natural history of alcoholism indicate that unaided, spontaneous recovery may be the most common pathway to remission from alcoholism. Negative environmental consequences of alcoholic drinking have been invoked to explain spontaneous recovery, but a more compelling reason for sudden changes in drinking behavior concerns shifts in the personal meanings surrounding alcohol use. Extensive interviews in a multimodal format were conducted with two groups of alcoholics: one group comprised of 7 subjects who spontaneously recovered without treatment and the other group comprised of 9 people who believed formal treatment was necessary to abstain from drinking. Spontaneously recovered alcoholics reported experiencing vivid sensations and images at the time they decided to quit drinking, and they reported subsequent transformations of their personal identities. Active alcoholics reported no comparable experiences in imaginal, sensory, and cognitive modalities. Implications of the results for current alcoholism treatments are discussed.
7
Mulder, Roger T. „Alcoholism and Personality“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, Nr. 1 (Februar 2002): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00958.x.
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Objective: The search for an alcoholic personality has been pursued with varying enthusiasm throughout the 20th century. This paper reviews the methodological issues, research designs and current theories relating alcoholism and personality. Method: A selected literature search using computerised databases was ordered via the four major research design strategies: cross sectional studies, high-risk studies, longitudinal studies and genetic epidemiology studies. Results: Cross sectional studies have suggested that two broad bands of personality, impulsivity/novelty seeking and neuroticism/negative emotionality, are associated with alcoholism. Although high-risk studies have repeatedly shown that sons of male alcoholics are at increased risk of alcoholism, whether this risk is related to personality variables is unclear. Many authors believe that the presence of antisocial personality disorder is a confounder and that this may explain some of the contradictory findings. Longitudinal studies have consistently reported that antisocial behaviour and hyperactivity are related to later alcoholism. Negative emotionality seems to be less important and may largely be a consequence of the alcoholism itself. Genetic epidemiological studies suggest that personality measures play a modest but significant role in the genetic influence of alcoholism. The strongest relationships are with conduct disorder and antisocial behaviour. The postulated alcoholic subtypes (Type I, Type II or Type A/B) based on age of onset and personality style have been challenged by recent research. The most vulnerable to alcoholism may be those with both high impulsivity/high novelty seeking and high neuroticism/negative emotionality. Conclusion: Antisocial behaviour and hyperactivity are the most consistent behaviours associated with alcoholism. These behaviours are not specific for alcoholism and are associated with many other psychiatric conditions. Personality variables by themselves explain only a small proportion of the risk for alcohol dependence. There is no alcoholic personality nor are there personality measures which are specific to vulnerability to later alcohol dependence. Attempting to link alcoholism with theoretical, poorly validated models of personality is premature.
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van Gool, W. A. „Alcoholism and dementia“. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 3, Nr. 2 (Juni 1991): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092427080003502x.
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SummaryThe controversy concerning the concept ‘alcoholic dementia’ is reviewed in brief. Evidence from neuroradiological and neuropathological studies contribute little to the solution of this controversy, if dementia is considered as a clinical syndrome. From clinical descriptions it can be concluded that a sub-population of alcoholics suffers from a syndrome typified by psychologic disturbances other than amnesia alone. These patients fulfill the criteria for the syndromal diagnosis of ‘dementia’.The nosologic concept of ‘alcoholic dementia’ implies a direct neurotoxic effect of alcohol and it raises questions concerning pathogenetic mechanisms which can not be answered. The DSM-III-R category ‘dementia associated with alcoholism’ represents a solution for this controversy, because it gives a correct and complete (radically syndromal) clinical description without making assumptions on the relative contribution of multiple factors causing cognitive disturbances in alcoholics.
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Braggio, John T., Vladimir Pishkin, Oscar A. Parsons, Steven M. Fishkin und John R. Tassey. „Differences between Essential and Reactive Alcoholics on Tests of Neuropsychological Functioning and Affect“. Psychological Reports 69, Nr. 3_suppl (Dezember 1991): 1131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1131.
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This study tested the hypothesis that Essential Alcoholics ( n = 15) develop a more severe form of alcoholism than Reactive Alcoholics ( n = 12). VA alcoholic patients were classified as Essential or Reactive Alcoholics, using the Rudie-McGaughran questionnaire, and tested on four neuropsychological tests, the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, Tarter's Hyperactivity/Minimal Brain Dysfunction questionnaire, and Latcham's Measure of Antisocial Behavior. While the two groups did not differ in age, education, or Family History of alcoholism, Essential Alcoholics had an earlier age of onset and a longer chronicity of alcoholism. After analysis of covariance was used to control for group differences in age of onset and chronicity, Essential Alcoholics were still significantly higher on depression and significantly more impaired on five subtests of the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale: global measure, total items, general, learning-verbal, and frustration. Nonsignificant group differences, in the expected direction, were found for the Shipley Mental Age and Tarter's questionnaire. These results suggest that Essential Alcoholics have higher depression scores and greater impairments in neuropsychological functioning than Reactive Alcoholics.
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Downs, William R., Brenda A. Miller und Dawn M. Gondoli. „Childhood Experiences of Parental Physical Violence for Alcoholic Women as Compared with a Randomly Selected Household Sample of Women“. Violence and Victims 2, Nr. 4 (Januar 1987): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.2.4.225.
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The effects of childhood experiences of parental violence on the development of alcoholism in women were examined by comparing a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups with 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from the population. Two-hour person-to-person interview schedules were administered to both samples. The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) assessed both father-to-daughter and mother-to-daughter relationships. Type of sample was regressed on each CTS subscale, controlling for presence of parental alcoholism, number of childhood changes in family structure, present age of respondent, and present income source. Alcoholic women were found to have higher father-to-daughter negative verbal interaction, moderate violence, and serious violence than household women. Father-to-daughter positive verbal interaction was found unrelated to membership in the alcoholism sample. None of the mother-to-daughter subscales were found to predict membership in the alcoholism sample.
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McNamara, Patrick, Dana Blum, Karen O'Quin und Steven Schachter. „Markers of Cerebral Lateralization and Alcoholism“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, Nr. 3_suppl (Dezember 1994): 1435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1435.
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We assessed markers of anomalous cerebral dominance in 70 problem drinkers at risk for alcoholism, 43 alcoholics who had been sober for at least six months, and 311 healthy control subjects age-matched to the problem drinkers. Markers of anomalous cerebral dominance included left-handedness, learning disabilities, neuro-immune disorders, and special cognitive talents. We also administered a “drinking inventory” to assess frequency and severity of drinking patterns for self and family. Analysis showed elevated rates of left-handedness and learning disabilities in the alcoholic group and in the “at risk” problem drinkers. These same subjects rated themselves and their families as relatively poor at left-hemisphere-mediated cognitive talents. Alcoholic women evidenced significantly greater incidence of immune disorders than alcoholic men. Alcoholism appears to be related to biological factors which have been associated with anomalous cerebral dominance.
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Karkoulias, Kiriakos, Haralampos Tsitsaras, Dimitrios Patouchas, Fotis Sampsonas, Dimostenis Likouras, Alexander Kaparianos und Kostas Spiropoulos. „The alcoholic lung disease: Historical background and clinical features“. Medicina 44, Nr. 9 (22.10.2007): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44090084.
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The purpose of this review article is to prove the damage that alcohol causes to the respiratory system. We will make a brief review of alcohols history in the course of the centuries till nowadays. The problem of addiction to alcohol (alcoholism) will be examined for several countries. Alcohol’s metabolism is another topic to be discussed parallel to its pharmacological action. In addition, alcohol’s impact on the respiratory system varies from damaging the mucociliary system to the regulation of breathing and from the sleep apnea syndrome to diffusion disorders. “Alcoholic lung disease” constitutes a syndrome despite the fact that the damage of the lung due to concurrent smoking and drug use is often indistinguishable.
13
Vikashini, P., und A. Jayasudha. „Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Ill Effects of Alcoholism among Alcoholics in Selected Community Area“. International Journal of Research and Review 9, Nr. 3 (26.03.2022): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220353.
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Alcoholism also known as alcohol abuse is a broad term of any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems. The disorder was previously divided as alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. To assess the ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics. To associate the ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics with the selected demographic variables. The study was taken 30 samples of alcoholics in a selected community area at Coimbatore. Convenient sampling technique was used and data was collected used structured teaching programme. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. 30 alcoholics were assessed, the knowledge on ill effects of alcoholism of 16(53.33%) inadequate knowledge, 14(46.66%) had moderately adequate, 0% had adequate knowledge. After education 0% had inadequate knowledge, 11(36.66%) moderately adequate, 19(63.33%) had adequate knowledge. There was a significant association between the selected demographic and with the pre-test knowledge regarding ill effects of alcoholism. The study concluded that the identifying the knowledge and conducted education regarding ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics was helpful to improve their knowledge regarding the ill effects of alcoholism among alcoholics in selected community area at Coimbatore. Keywords: Assess, Effectiveness, Structured teaching programme, ill effects of alcoholism, Alcoholics, and selected community area.
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Francis, Jini P., und Viju Painadath Devassy. „Setting the Children’s Teeth on Edge? The Influence of Parental Alcoholism on Children’s Wellbeing“. Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 14, Nr. 1 (01.01.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.32.1.
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The research on the impact of alcoholism on the family indicates that alcoholism often poses threat to the wellbeing of the family, the most affected ones being the other spouse and the children. Alcoholism often poses serious risk to the emotional, cognitive, behavioural, physical and social wellbeing of the abuser, the partner and the children. Most of the researches have explored the impact of parental alcoholism on the negative outcome on psychosocial development of partners and children, very few documented studies have been carried out on the positive aspects of life such as wellbeing and futuristic hope in the children of alcoholic parents (COA). This study attempts to explore the relationship and the difference between QOL and Hope in COA and children of non-alcoholics (CONA). The study was conducted on a sample of 60 children each between the age of 12 to 15 from alcoholics and non-alcoholic parents drawn from a district of Kerala using purposive sampling technique. The measures used were QOL-BREF by WHO (1996) and Children Hope Scale (CHS) by Snyder et al. (1996). The data was first analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the normality of the data was checked using Shapiro Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test was used to find the difference between the COA and CONA on QOL and Hope. The relationship between the variables was assed using Spearman rank correlation. The results of the study indicate that there is significant difference in QOL among the children of alcoholics and non-alcoholics. The COA demonstrated comparatively less Hope than the CONA, however there was no significant difference among them. The QOL and Hope were correlated only among the CONA. The study has implication for positive intervention for the COA, parental and school based interventions such as preventive, remedial and holistic counselling or therapy.
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Globetti, Gerald, und David R. Rudy. „Becoming Alcoholic: Alcoholics Anonymous and the Reality of Alcoholism.“ Social Forces 65, Nr. 4 (Juni 1987): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579040.
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Gorwood, P., P. Batel, L. Gouya, F. Courtois, J. Feingold und J. Adès. „Reappraisal of the association between the DRD2 gene, alcoholism and addiction“. European Psychiatry 15, Nr. 2 (März 2000): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00207-8.
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SummaryWe analysed the impact of the TaqI A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene on the risk for alcoholism, trying to depict three explanations frequently proposed to explain discrepancies in association and linkage studies: that the A1 allele may act as a marker rather than as a vulnerability factor, that stratification biases and unevaluated controls may explain positive results, and that the A1 allele is modifying the phenotype rather than increasing the risk for alcoholism. We thus tested another (dinucleotide STRP) marker within the DRD2 gene, selected a new homogenous sample of 113 alcoholic patients and 49 unaffected controls strictly matched for ethnic origins, and systematically assessed both samples with a semi-structured interview to detect (in both samples) alcohol dependence, but also such related traits as specificities of complications.The frequency of the A1 allele was not significantly different between alcoholics and controls but when comparing different subgroups of alcoholics, the A1 allele was significantly more frequent in alcoholic patients with somatic complications (OR = 3.00, CI[1.37-6.62]), social and professional complications (OR = 2.72, CI[1.25-5.90]), or with co-morbid dependence (OR = 2.88, 95% IC [1.16-7.15]). The association for co-morbid dependence and somatic complications was also positive when taking into consideration both STRP and TaqIA polymorphisms.The A1 allele does not increase the risk for alcoholism per se in our sample, but may be involved in a related trait which is partially dependent on the diagnosis of alcoholism, through a disequilibrium with another close mutation.
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Hasanović, M., und I. Pajević. „Social, cultural and historical aspects of prevention of alcoholism in northeast bosnia and herzegovina“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71759-x.
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IntroductionAlthough the harmful effects of alcohol have long been observed, organized social measures for the prevention of excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages were taken relatively late.AimTo present an historical overview of development of social, cultural aspects of alcoholism prevention in northeast Bosnia.MethodologyThe authors provide a historical overview of societal and professional institutions that fight against alcoholism in the area of northeast Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) following the definition of the World Health Organization, that alcoholism is illness and alcoholic is a patient.ResultsTeetotaler societies in BH began with the establishment and work at the late 19th and early twentieth century. Through the period before World War II, between the two world wars, the national liberation struggle period from 1941 to 1945, and the post-war socialist enthusiasm to the last war from 1992 to 1995 there were different levels of organizing struggle against alcoholism with different impact on the development of mental health protection of alcoholics and their families. During the 1992–95 war, due to high trauma of veteran and civilian population, a number of posttraumatic effects appeared, which lead to people seeking release in self-medication by alcohol abuse, worsening the issues of alcoholism and its aftermaths.ConclusionAfter the tragic war 1992–95, many of the socio-political relations and the issue of functional organization of health is redefined, this resulted in search for new formulas of successful dealing with very serious drinking problem in the postwar situation in the region of Tuzla Canton (northeast Bosnia).
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Dongier, Maurice. „Progrès récents dans l'étude de l'alcoolisme“. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, Nr. 1 (Februar 1989): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400113.
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The phenomenon of denial of alcohol dependence prevails not only in a majority of alcoholics, but also in the diagnostic and therapeutic behavior of many physicians. The reasons for this neglect of alcohol abuse are reviewed. In particular, value judgments rather than scientific data seem to lead a number of physicians to share the recent views of the U.S. Supreme Court on primary alcoholism: a “willful misconduct” rather than an illness. This dichotomy between primary and secondary alcoholism, simplistic in itself, is part of current attempts to describe a spectrum of alcoholic disorders, some more social, some more biological. The biological underpinnings of abnormal drinking behaviour include various abnormalities of cerebral neurotransmitters: dopaminergic, serotonergic, GABA and endogenous opiate systems among others. These abnormalities are partly genetically determined, pre-existing to alcohol abuse and explaining why “alcoholism runs in families”, and partly secondary to alcohol abuse. Their understanding may open the road to the use of specific pharmacological adjuvants in alcoholism treatment, in conjunction with psychotherapy, rehabilitation and self-help programs.
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McLean, Anthony. „Screening for alcoholism in New Zealand prison inmates“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 21, Nr. 1 (März 1988): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486588802100105.
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The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) was administered to 129 male and 102 female prison inmates. Use of the usual classification rule for the MAST resulted in 71% and 65% of the samples classified as “alcoholic”, far higher than the incidence of alcoholism in studies which used overseas prisoners. Item analyses conducted with these data, and reconsideration of data from previous New Zealand studies using the MAST, indicate that it is a sound detection instrument. The high incidence of alcoholism here therefore probably reflects the high sensitivity of the MAST by comparison with assessment procedures based on traditional alcoholism criteria, although New Zealand offender groups seem to score higher than comparable overseas offenders and the classification rule may be slightly too liberal. Accordingly, the use of a higher cut-off score seems appropriate when using MAST score in classifying individuals. A higher cut-off score still resulted in around 50–60% of inmates being classified as alcoholics. The likely benefits of rehabilitative efforts within the criminal justice system focusing on alcohol abuse are discussed.
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Mullan, M. J., H. M. D. Gurling, B. E. Oppenheim und R. M. Murray. „The Relationship between Alcoholism and Neurosis:“. British Journal of Psychiatry 148, Nr. 4 (April 1986): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.4.435.
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The twin register of the Maudsley Hospital was used to select a series of monozygotic (MZ) and same-sexed dizygotic (DZ) twins who had been given an ICD8 diagnosis related to alcoholism. They and their co-twins were traced. Medical and drinking histories were compiled (from records and by interview) for 56 twin-pairs, to permit current and retrospective diagnosis of any neurotic disorders. RDC diagnoses of panic disorder generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder and phobias were more common in the alcoholic probands and the co-twins who were also alcoholics than in the normal-drinking co-twins. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) were completed by 54 individuals. Neuroticism scores were significantly higher for both male and female alcoholics than for their normal-drinking co-twins; and intra-pair differences in neuroticism were significantly correlated with intra-pair differences in severity of dependence. These results suggest that both clinically diagnosed neurotic illness and high neuroticism scores are more often a consequence than a cause of alcoholism.
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Mukhopadhyay, J. „Medico-social profile of male alcoholics in a north Indian city“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, Nr. 7 (23.06.2017): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172866.
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Background:Alcohol Dependence has been posing an unprecedented public health challenge in recent years. Alcohol related morbidity and mortality has attained new zenith that merits attention. Considering the abominable effects of alcoholism, it was decided to study the medico-social profile of male alcoholics in an urban set-up to identify the risk factors and suggest preventive measures.Methods:60 subjects reporting to a de-addiction centre at a north Indian town for treatment were studied during September 2014-February 2015. All the individuals were satisfying the criteria of alcohol dependence as per diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder. A pretested structured proforma was introduced to the consenting individuals, which included demographic details, personal and family history with details of physical and mental status examination. Data obtained was analysed and tabulated.Results:The mean age of the alcoholics seeking treatment was 37.86 years. Majority of them were married, middle school educated, employed urbanite, unskilled workers from lower middle class background. Mean ages of first alcoholic drink and first intoxication were 18.95 and 20.35 years respectively. Dependency developed at 28.60 years. Alcoholic father (65%) and brothers (31.67%) appeared tended the subjects towards alcohol. Financial stress and withdrawal problems mostly steered them to seek treatment. Epidemiological insight unveiled many risk factors like vulnerability of adolescents, male sex, nominal schooling, low socio-economic lineage, early employment, peer pressure, alcoholic father and siblings, financial stress and family discord.Conclusions:More community based studies are suggested to identify the community specific risk factors for alcoholism and recommend suitable preventive measures to abate alcoholism.
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Conner, Kenneth R., Paul R. Duberstein und Yeates Conwell. „Domestic Violence, Separation, and Suicide in Young Men with Early Onset Alcoholism: Reanalyses of Murphy's Data“. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 30, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2000): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.2000.tb01101.x.
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Partner violence and partner separation at the time of completed suicide were investigated in 42 male alcoholics originally described by Murphy (1992). Half of the men had domestic violence histories. Partner‐violent men were younger, had an earlier age of onset of alcoholism, and were more likely to be separated from their partner at the time of death than partner‐nonviolent men. Loss of a close personal relationship, often a domestic partner, is common during the last year of life among alcoholic men completing suicide. Domestic violence appears to typify many of their domestic relationships, particularly among younger men and men with early onset alcoholism.
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Hunter, Thomas A., und Paul R. Salomone. „Dry Drunk Symptoms and Alcoholic Relapse“. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 18, Nr. 1 (01.03.1987): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.18.1.22.
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This paper focuses on the multiple symptoms of impending relapse in alcoholism, termed “dry drunks,” and relates each symptom to the self-disciplines that recovering alcoholics should follow. There is an effort to clarifY, briefly, denial events within the range of the alcoholic experience. Finally, several clinical suggestions are made to assist the rehabilitation practitioner who wishes to help alcoholic clients understand dry drunk symptoms and prevent relapse.
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Prates, José Gilberto, Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira, Heloísa Garcia Claro, Paula Hayasi Pinho, Gabriella de Andrade Boska, Ivan Filipe de Almeida Lopes Fernandes und Julia Carolina de Mattos Cerioni Silva. „Attitudes of professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics“. Rev Rene 22 (12.08.2021): e62765. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212262765.
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Objective: to assess the attitudes of professionals from Psychosocial Care Centers towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics. Methods: a cross-sectional evaluation study with 288 professionals from 12 healthcare services. Sociodemographic data, Patient Satisfaction Scale with Mental Health Services and Attitude Scale for alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics were collected. Results: the professionals who showed a more critical attitude towards their work routine and those who worked in the healthcare services for longer had positive attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics. Professionals from the administrative team and health technicians had more negative attitudes. Conclusion: the attitudes of professionals towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics, in general, are positive and were associated with longer working time in the field and the manifestation of disapproving situations with work.
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Azarov, T. A., I. V. Vladimirov und I. A. Petrovskaya. „The relation between socio-economic indicators, the incidence of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis in Russia, 1992-2020“. Juvenis Scientia 8, Nr. 6 (2022): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia_2022_8_6_30-40.
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<b>Introduction.</b> Alcoholism is still a pressing socio-medical problem in Russia that needs to be considered within the broader socio-economic context. Therefore, this study focuses on socio-economic indicators and their association with the incidence of alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses. <b>Aim.</b> To study the correlations of socio-economic indicators with the incidence (the number of new cases) of alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses in Russia, 1992-2020. <b>Materials and methods.</b> Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between a set of socio-economic indicators, cases of alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software package. <b>Results.</b> The incidence of alcoholic psychoses correlates with the Index of Economic Freedom (r= -0.427 | moderate association), Human Development Index (-0.629 | noticeable), unemployment rate (0.655 | noticeable), poverty level (0.482 | moderate). The incidence of alcoholism correlates with Gini coefficient (-0.595 | noticeable), Human Development Index (-0.975 | strong), unemployment rate (0.765 | high), poverty level (0.803 | high), price of vodka (0.769 | high). Public health expenditure in relation to GDP (%) does not correlate with the incidence of alcoholic psychoses and alcoholism. <b>Conclusion.</b> The results of the study showed significant associations with 6 out of 7 socio-economic indicators. This may indicate that the incidence of alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses is largely caused by the socio-economic situation.
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Miller, Brenda A., William R. Downs und Dawn M. Gondoli. „Delinquency, Childhood Violence, and the Development of Alcoholism in Women“. Crime & Delinquency 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 1989): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035001005.
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The interrelationships of delinquent activities and their consequences on the development of alcoholism in women were examined. Interview data were analyzed from a sample of 45 alcoholic women selected from local treatment agencies and Alcoholics Anonymous groups and 40 nonalcoholic women selected randomly from a household population to form the comparison group. Delinquent activity included status offenses such as running away and cutting classes, as well as more serious offenses, including fighting, stealing, and driving offenses. Official involvement as a juvenile was also assessed. Alcoholic women were significantly more likely than the random sample of women to report stealing, legal interventions, running away, and fighting. Multivariate analyses indicated that both stealing and legal interventions were important predictors of alcoholism problems in women, even when family background and childhood experiences, such as childhood sexual abuse and father-to-child violence were considered.
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Baldwin, Jeffrey N., und Kathleen A. Kriegler. „Alcoholism Treatment: A Model of Abstinence-Oriented Care“. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 4, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1991): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009100400603.
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Alcohol is the United States' foremost drug of abuse. Although a significant portion of the population continues to identify alcoholism with moral weakness, society embraces treatment as the primary mode of dealing with this disease. Treatment stressing ongoing abstinence from alcohol is the most universally accepted method of therapy. Following initial intervention and referral, treatment of the alcoholic includes detoxification; intensive early treatment, using either outpatient or inpatient treatment settings; and long-term support for recovery. Aftercare programs often require continuing attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, recovery support groups, and psychotherapy. In addition, recovering individuals may receive continued health care supervision from a physician knowledgeable about alcoholism. Family therapy is stressed as a component of recovery.
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Comper, Emily, Adriana Macena, Laerson Andrade, Marluce Siqueira und Flávia Portugal. „Suicide among Alcoholics in an Outpatient Service“. International Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience 8, Nr. 2 (31.08.2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56769/ijpn08204.
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Alcoholism is a growing problem throughout Brazil, consumption excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages generates physical, psychological, family and professionals. Among the mental disorders caused by alcoholism, depression and the suicide attempt. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 300 Millions of people live with depression. For alcoholic patients, the presence of symptoms depression is a risk factor for relapse. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death violence all over the world. Alcohol-dependent individuals are at greater risk of trying to suicide, as well as for the consummation of the act. Objective: To identify the presence of depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in alcoholics treated at an outpatient service. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in an outpatient service of a university hospital. Users attended from June 2016 to June 2017 were surveyed. Inclusion criteria: users diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome [SDA]. Data were obtained through analysis of medical records. Statistical analysis was performed by selecting the following variables: sex, age, marital status, education, city, religion, profession, living with the family, suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and depression. Results: Of the 139 medical records selected, 31 users (22.3%) had suicidal ideation, 14 (10.1%) had attempted suicide and 27 (19.4%) had a diagnosis of depression. A greater association of women with suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and depression was found. People up to 50 years old were more likely to attempt suicide and individuals with higher education are more likely to attempt suicide and depression. Conclusion: Alcoholism is closely related to suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and depression. In this context, the present study made it possible to identify the presence of these symptoms in alcoholics treated at an outpatient service. Keywords: Alcoholism, Suicide, Depression.
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Wiener, Carolyn. „Becoming Alcoholic: Alcoholics Anonymous and the Reality of Alcoholism (Book).“ Sociology of Health and Illness 10, Nr. 1 (März 1988): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11340144.
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Vaillant, George E. „Alcoholics Anonymous: Cult or Cure?“ Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, Nr. 6 (Juni 2005): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01600.x.
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Objective: To discuss the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the safety of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in the treatment of alcoholism. Method: The published works on effective treatments for alcoholism is briefly reviewed and a prospective multidisciplinar y follow-up of recovery from alcoholism in two community cohorts of adolescent males followed from 1940 until the present day is reviewed. Conclusions: The suggested mechanism of action of AA is that it employs four factors widely shown to be effective in relapse prevention in addictions: external supervision, substitute dependency, new caring relationships and increased spirituality. In addition, AA serendipitously follows the principles of cognitive behaviour therapy in relapse prevention. Alcoholics Anonymous appears equal to or superior to conventional treatments for alcoholism, and the skepticism of some professionals regarding AA as a first rank treatment for alcoholism would appear to be unwarranted. Alcoholics Anonymous is probably without serious side-effects.
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Lesch, O. M., H. Walter, R. Mader, M. Musalek und K. Zeiler. „Chronic alcoholism in relation to attempted or effected suicide. A long-term study“. Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, Nr. 3 (1988): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00001747.
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SummaryRushing (1968) offers two hypotheses for the possible structural connection between suicidal and chronic alcoholic case groups : the “processual cause theory” is based on the idea that alcoholism leads through its problematic nature to suicide attempts. In the “common cause theory” alcoholism and suicidai acts are due to mutually shared factors, e.g., social isolation and enforced social integration.Data on suicide and suicide attempts were obtained as a separate aspect of a comprehensive follow-up investigation. All patients from one particular region in Austria, who had been admitted to hospital between 1976 and 1978 for treatment of chronic alcoholism took part in this study. Follow-up time was 4 to 7 years. 101 patients died during this period. 356 patients remained under close follow-up investigation. In addition to information about basic drinking habits, we attempted to identify predictive factors regarding the course of alcoholism and investigated familial circumstances, development and interactions.In contradiction with both theories forwarded by Rushing, we were able to isolate a special subgroup of chronic alcoholics attempting or committing suicide. This group is characterized by a depressive symptomatology (endogeneous-depressive syndrome, according to the Viennese Diagnostic Criteria), as well as by the presence of other psychiatrie disturbances underlying chronic alcohol abuse. Family histories also uncovered evidence of psychiatric illnesses. Cases of negative alteration in social status and problematical partnerships could be found in this subgroup. Drinking habits themselves did not differ from non suicide-prone alcoholics.
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George, Sabin, Sanju Daniel John, Salk George und Jasica Joy Thottiyil. „Lipid profile and alcoholism“. International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, Nr. 5 (23.09.2019): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193595.
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Background: Alcoholism is a major threat to public health in both developed and developing countries. Alcohol has many effects on lipid profile, including inducing de novo fatty acid synthesis and inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in liver. Aim of this study was to study the effect of alcohol consumption on serum lipid profile in alcoholics and to compare with those of non-alcoholic controls.Methods: 100 cases and 100 age and sex matched controls were selected. These subjects were classified into, 1. Moderate alcoholics: Consuming ≤210 g per week 2. Heavy alcoholics: Consuming >210 g per week. Blood was taken in fasting state and lipids were estimated.Results: Among 200 subjects, 94% were male. 58.5% of the male and 83.3% of the female were heavy drinkers. Maximum number of alcoholics were seen in the age group of 41-50 years. The height correlated well with both control and study group. The moderate dose alcoholics had a higher weight when compared to control group and heavy dose alcoholics. The heavy dose alcoholics had a lower BMI when compared with the control group and moderate dose alcoholics. Heavy dose alcohol consumption was associated with a higher increase in triglyceride level. The total cholesterol level was significantly higher in the heavy dose alcoholics when compared with the control group. The HDL level was highest in the moderate dose alcoholics. The LDL level was highest in heavy dose alcoholics whereas, the moderate dose alcoholics had a lesser LDL level when compared with the control group. The VLDL level steadily increased with alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Patients with heavy alcohol consumption had significant increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL. The moderate alcohol consumers had significantly increased HDL and decreased LDL. These protective effects declined after heavy alcohol consumption.
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Jan Nelken. „Ideas on counteracting alcohol and drug addiction in Poland between the two world wars“. Archives of Criminology, Nr. XIV (08.04.1987): 201–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak1987f.
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The birth of the independent Poland in 1918 activated a social movement against alcoholism and drug addiction. In 1919, the Polish Society for Fighting Alcoholism ,,Trzeźwość'' ("Sobriety'') was established which operated nationwide and which in the period between the two wars became the main factor of fighting alcoholism. In the light of the Statute of "Trzeźwość" and resolutions of the Polish anti-alcoholic congresses, as well as the postulates of psychiatrists, the ideas of how to fight alcoholism included three spheres: a. anti-alcoholic legislation and its practical enforcement; b. anti-alcoholic propaganda and education; c. treatment of alcoholics. In 1919, a draft was submitted to the Diet that proposed a total prohibition of production and sale of alcoholic beverages. It was referred to a Diet commission which subsequently changed its contents. Then. The Diet passed an Act of 23 April 1920 on restrictions in sale of alcoholic beverages. The Act, based on a concept of partial prohibition. Introduced considerable restrictions in sale of beverages containing over 2.5 per cent of pure alcohol, and a total prohibition of sale of beverages with over 45 per cent alcohol. Moreover, the sale of alcohol was prohibited to workers on paydays and holidays, as well as at markets, fairs, church fairs, pilgrimages, on trains and at railway stations. According to the Act, each rural or urban commune could introduce on its territory a total prohibition of sale of alcoholic beverages by voting. The Act limited the number of places where alcohol could be sold or served to one per 2,500 of the population all over the country. A licence issued by administrative authorities was required to sell or serve alcohol. The statutory instrument to this Act created commissions for fighting alcoholism of the 1st and 2nd instances which were to supervise the compliance to the Act of 1920 and to impose penalties provided for the infringement of its provisions. The commissions consisted of representatives of the State administration and social organizations engaged in fighting alcoholism. Moreover, the Act of 2l January 1922 introduced a penalty of fine or arrest for being drunk in public. A person who brought another person to the state of intoxication was also liable to these penalties. The complete execution of the anti-alcoholic Act met with obstacles: for instance, alcohol was secretly served on the days of prohibition (e.g. during fairs). The Act of 31 July 1924 established the Polish Spirit Monopoly (P.M.S.). The production of spirit and pure vodka thus became a State monopoly' Production and sale of the P.M.S. beverages increased gradually as it constituted an important source of the State revenue. For this reason. a new anti-alcoholic Act of 21 March 1931 was passed which greatly reduced the restrictions in the sale of alcohol as compared with former regulations. A further reduction in these restrictions resulted from Acts of 1932 and 1934. The P.M.S. Board of Directors argued that a growth in production was necessary to suppress illegal distilling of alcohol the products of which were imperfectly rectified and threatened the health of the population. Instead according to the conception of "Trzeźwość’’ and other social organizations engaged in fighting alcoholism. illegal distilling of alcohol should be detected and suppresed by the police while it was in the interest of the health and morals of the population to curtail greatly the sale of alcohol and for this reason it was necessary to reintroduce the anti-alcoholic Act of 1920 However, in consideration of the State's fiscal interests. the Act was not reintroduced and the other Acts that extended the production and sale of the P.M.S. products were only replaced after World War II. According to the ideas of ,,Trzeźwość'' and other organizations fighting alcoholism, anti-alcoholic propaganda and education should be made by professionals and have a wide range, since it is impossible to fight alcoholism without informing the population of the harmful effects of alcohol. Guidelines for this activity were worked out at the Polish anti-alcoholic congresses of which there were seven in the period between the wars. Besides, in 1937 the 21st International Anti-Alcoholic Congress took place in Warsaw during which the Polish draft of an international anti-alcoholic convention was Supported. The draft provided a considerable limitation of alcohol sale, a regulation of penal liability for offences and transgressions committed in the state of intoxication, and lectures on alcohology in schools. The states signatories to the convention would be called upon to pass acts consistent with the content of the convention. The work on this draft was stopped by the outbreak of the war. The resolutions of the Polish anti-alcoholic congresses demanded lectures on alcohology in all types of schools, at teachers courses and at specialist courses for employees of various departments, the Ministry in of Communication particular. The range of alcohology taught at schools should be conformed to the type of school and the general knowledge or students. The postulate of teaching alcohology in schools was partly realized and courses were organized for railway employees by the Abstainer Railwaymen League. At the State School of Hygiene in Warsaw a several days course in alcohology was organized every year in which 200--300 persons participated, mainly teachers, physicians and clergymen of various denominations. Besides, ,,Trzeźwość'' organized travelling exhibitions that made tours of towns to show the harmful effects of alcoholism. The Abstainer Railwaymen League organized, an exhibition in a railway carriage which was visited by many thousands of persons at railway stations in different parts of the country. A lecturer on alcohology was employed to have talks during the exhibition. In early February every year a nationwide Sobriety Propagation Week was organized. Various publications were also brought out which demonstrated the harmful effects of alcohol and the ways of fighting alcoholism, both scientific and those for general use. Treatment of alcoholics was postulated; it was carried out in closed hospital wards or in out-patient clinics. The former was more effective; however it was less frequently applied as compared with the out-patient treatment since there were no provisions which would legalize compulsory treatment of alcoholics and drug addicts and it was easier to obtain the patient's consent to treatment in a clinic than in a hospital. Compulsory treatment was only possible if the court applied medical security measures in cases of offences connected with abuse of alcohol or drugs. (Art. 82 of the Penal code of 1932). The mental hygiene, movement, initiated in Poland in the early thirties, resulted in a growth in the number of clinics engaged in prevention and treatment, that is in a development of treatment of alcoholics in specialized anti-alcoholic clinics. The necessity of taking the children of alcoholics under educational and medical indicated. An important part is this field fell to social nurses attached to the clinics whose task was among other things to bring the alcoholics children to the clinic and see to their medical treatment if necessary. The organization of special schools for mentally deficient and morally neglected children, whose parents were frequently alcoholics, was also initiated. Psychiatrists demanded an elaboration and introduction of an act on compulsory treatment of alcoholics and drug addicts, organization of special wards for notorious alcoholics in mental hospitals, prolongation of treatment from 6 to 12 months (which was considered particularly necessary in the case of chronic alcoholism), a joint alcoholism and psychiatric treatment if required, in the case of alcohol psychosis in particular, and check-up of the cured alcoholics and drug addicts. In Poland drug addiction has never reached the proportions of alcoholism. Its most frequent forms were morphinism and cocainism. Its fighting was facilitated by the passing of an Act of June 23, 1923 which prohibited production, processing, export. import. storage of and any trade in all drugs. For infringement of the Act, penalties of fine and up to 5 years deprivation of liberty were provided. However, there was no act to legalize compulsory treatment of drug addicts. They could only be treated in closed hospital wards since in the case of drug addiction, out-patient treatment was considered to be ineffective. In 1931, the Polish Committee for Drugs and Prevention of Drug Addiction was set up as, an advisory body attached to the Minister of Health and Social Welfare, which consisted mainly of physicians and chemists. In order to fight drug addiction effectively, increased detection of export and sale of drugs was postulated as well as supervision of prescriptions and of obtaining drugs on prescription at chemist's. Chemists were compelled to keep a special book of in- and out-goings of drugs which could only be sold on prescription for therapeutical purposes. Attenton was drawn to the necessity of an instruction, to be passed by the Minister of Internal Affairs, according to which the production of doctors seals and forms would only be possible on presentation of the identity card, since drug addicts used to order seals and forms bearing names of famous practitioners. Medical check-up of released prisoners who had been cured of drug addiction when serving their sentences was also postulated. In consequence of the spread of ether drinking in the Upper Silesia in 1936, a wide-range operation was carried out which consisted in a vigorous fight against smuggling and sale of ether (which was mainly smuggled from Germany) and in informing the population as to the harmful effects of ether drinking.
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Adams, Scot L., und Shirley A. Waskel. „Comparisons of Purpose in Life Scores between Alcoholics with Early and Later Onset“. Psychological Reports 69, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1991): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.837.
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No significant differences were found on Purpose in Life scores of 33 early onset (before age 40) and 27 late onset (after 40 years of age) alcoholic men in alcoholism treatment centers. Differences were found between the later onset group and another group of early onset alcoholics ( n = 38) as well as an older nonalcoholic group of 20 tested by Meier and Edwards.
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Lima-Rodríguez, Joaquín Salvador, María Dolores Guerra-Martín, Isabel Domínguez-Sánchez und Marta Lima-Serrano. „Alcoholic patients' response to their disease: perspective of patients and family“. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 23, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2015): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0516.2662.
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Objective: to know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. Method: ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. Results: development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. Conclusion: understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.
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Lalitha, R., und K. Maheshwari. „Stress and coping strategies among the spouses of the alcoholic in Bharatha Matha de-addiction center, Puducherry“. CARDIOMETRY, Nr. 25 (14.02.2023): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.25.298306.
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Background: Alcoholism Physiological problems (hand tremors and blackouts), Psychological problems, (an obsessive desire to drink), Behavioral problems that affect work or social life. Spouses of the alcoholic may experience psychological problems due to her life with the alcoholic husband. The spouses of the alcoholic individuals experience high levels of stress from dual problems husband’s alcoholism and domestic violence by the husband and are thus a high-risk group. In alcoholism, spouses are mainly affected because of the intimate nature of the relationship with the husband and constant exposure to the behavior of alcoholics. This study aimed to assess the stress and coping strategies among the spouses of the alcoholic. Objectives: 1. To assess stress and coping strategies among the spouses of the alcoholic in de-addiction centers. 2. To find the correlation between stress and coping strategies among the spouses of the alcoholic in de-addiction centers. 3. To find the association between stress and coping strategies among the spouses of the alcoholic in de-addiction centers with selected demographic variables. Methodology: A Descriptive research design study was conducted among 50spouses of the alcoholic in de-addiction centers, Puducherry. Each spouse of the alcoholic was selected through a non-probability purposive sampling method and was assessed stress and coping strategies among the spouses of the alcoholic by using a standardized tool (Perceived stress standardized scale and Carver, C. S. (1997) coping strategy scale). The collected data were computerized and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The analysis was done using Frequency, Percentage; Pearson correlation r test, and Chi-square test. Results: The result shows that the stress level, majority of the spouses of the alcoholic41 (82%) had a moderate level of stress and 9 (18%) had a high perceived level of stress and the coping strategies level, majority of the spouses of the alcoholic 36 (72%) had a moderate level of coping strategies and 14 (28%) had a low level of coping strategies.Conclusion: The study concludes the majority of the spouses of the alcoholic had a moderate level of stress and coping strategies. Hence, an Awareness program on the prevention of alcoholism can be started in this group to educate the public in both the clinical and community settings and Pamphlets can be given to the spouses of the alcoholic. The Psychological health care service administration should plan and formulate policies for spouses of the alcoholic.
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Vukadinovic, S., N. Zivlak - Radulović, A. Mitrovic und Z. Stojanovic. „Alcoholic disease in the female population“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73396-x.
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Specificity of alcoholism between men and women caused by the numerous cultural, historical and socio-economic factors. Female alcoholism has recently growing problem. It is believed that the number of women alcoholics is growing faster than the overall increase in the number of alcoholics.PurposeTo show the presence of alcohol consumption in women and factors (age, sex, marital status, school ready, mid-life) that have an impact on the very spread of disease.MethodData were used from the medical records of patients treated at the Clinic for Psychiatry. As a source of data used are dedicated questionnaires designed for adults.ResultsFrom total of 185 patients hospitalized women occasionally drink 45% (81 patients), not drinking response was 31%(57), tried alcohol was 18.4% (34) and 5.6% of them (10) gave a response to daily consume alcoholic beverages.The ratio of men and women who consume alcohol is 1:5.DiscussionMany epidemiological studies of alcohol-induced problems, saying in principle that women drink less than men. Knowledge of alcoholism fifty years ago saying that the ratio of men to women alcoholics was 1:10, and twenty years ago 1:7, to the last ten years, epidemiological studies have shown that women are increasingly drinking and that the ratio is 1:3,5.ConclusionThe biggest group treated alcoholic women which was occasionally consumed alcohol at the age of 30 to 45 years, about 31.57%, 39.32% of single women and highly educated women 48.92%.The largest percentage had elderly women 1.84%, low educated 1.2% and widow 1.12%.
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Massengill, Douglas. „Walking a Straight (and Fine) Line: Alcoholism and the Americans with Disabilities Act“. Public Personnel Management 34, Nr. 3 (September 2005): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600503400306.
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This paper examines case law regarding alcoholism as a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Courts have used varying standards in deciding whether alcoholism should be considered a disability within the meaning of the term in the ADA. These have ranged from accepting alcoholism as a disability per se to requiring extensive evidence that a person's alcohol abuse places a substantial limitation on a major life activity. Required accommodations for alcoholics have been minimal, mostly the allowance of time off for rehabilitation. Employers have been permitted to hold alcoholics to the same standards of performance and behavior as non-alcoholics.
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Šerý, Omar, Renáta Hladilová, Miroslav Novotný, Hana Hríbková, Vladimír Znojil und Petr Zvolský. „Association between -174 G/C polymorphism of interleukin-6 gene and alcoholism“. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 15, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2003): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00040.x.
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Objectives:IL-6 plays the role as a physiological neuromodulator involved in dopaminergic, serotonergic and other neurotransmissions. The aim of the present association study was to examine the effect of the G/C -174 polymorphism of the IL-6 gene on disposition to alcoholism.Methods:We investigated the relationship between the G/C -174 polymorphism of the IL-6 gene and alcohol dependence in 281 alcoholics and 242 control subjects.Results:The significant difference in G allele frequency between alcoholic group (0.52) and control group (0.59) was found (P < 0.03).Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first finding providing evidence for an association between alcoholism and the polymorphism of the IL-6 gene. The background of the relationship between the IL-6 gene and alcoholism is discussed.
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Gouvin, Eric J. „Drunk Driving and the Alcoholic Offender: A New Approach to an Old Problem“. American Journal of Law & Medicine 12, Nr. 1 (1987): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007425.
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AbstractHealth laws in every state recognize alcoholism as a treatable disease. State drunk driving laws, however, inadequately provide for alcoholic drunk drivers. Studies show that problem drinkers make up as much as two-thirds of the DWI offender class. Alcoholic drunk drivers cannot fully conform their drinking behavior to the dictates of the law as long as their alcoholism remains untreated. This Note argues that the law should consistently treat alcoholism as a disease. This Note suggests that the most appropriate way for the legal system to deal with alcoholic DWI offenders is to suspend the offender's license until he can show that he has successfully completed an initial alcohol detoxification/rehabilitation program. In addition, because alcoholism requires lifelong treatment, alcoholic drivers should be required to present periodic documentation that their condition is under supervised treatment. Epileptic drivers are handled in a similar manner in most states.
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Beardslee, W. R., L. Son und G. E. Vaillant. „Exposure to Parental Alcoholism During Childhood and Outcome in Adulthood: A Prospective Longitudinal Study“. British Journal of Psychiatry 149, Nr. 5 (November 1986): 584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.5.584.
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The effects of children's exposure to parental alcoholism was assessed using records from an existing prospective 40-year longitudinal study of working-class families: 176 men who had grown up with an alcoholic parent or parents were compared with 230 men without such exposure. Degree of exposure to alcoholism in the childhood family environment was highly correlated in later life with alcohol use, alcoholism, time in jail, sociopathy, and death, but not with increased rates of unemployment, poor physical health, or measures of adult ego functioning. Most of the impairments observed occurred in those subjects who actually developed alcoholism. Exposure to alcoholism in the family environment and family history of alcoholism independently contributed to the later development of alcoholism.
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Mackenzie, Alisdair, und Richard P. Allen. „Alcoholics' Evaluations of Alcoholism Treatment“. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 21, Nr. 2 (10.07.2003): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v21n02_01.
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Kuznetsov, V. P. „About alcoholic automatism“. Neurology Bulletin V, Nr. 4 (22.10.2020): 73–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb46944.
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The painful condition, known in medicine under the name of alcoholic automatism, alcoholic trance, alcoholic somnambulism, despite its significance in forensic medicine, has been the subject of research from a relatively recent time. In 1878, the observations related to this were described by Professor Magnan, who expressed the proposition that alcoholic automatism is the result of the complication of alcoholism with epilepsy and that automatic states are observed only in such chronic alcoholics who have epilepsy. Since 1879, several papers by Dr. Crothers have been published on this issue. Further cases of alcoholic automatism have been described by Drs. Kinney, Collin, Chamtemesse, Souques and others.
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Vargas, Divane de, und Margarita Antonia Villar Luis. „Development and validation of a scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics“. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 16, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2008): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692008000500016.
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The objective of this study was the construction and validation of a scale that would measure the attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and the alcoholic, called the Scale of Attitudes Towards Alcohol, Alcoholism and the Alcoholic. The face and content validations, as well as the factor analysis of the data obtained in a preliminary test with 144 nursing students resulted in a scale consisting of 96 items, divided into 5 factors: Attitudes towards the alcoholic person: care and interpersonal relations; Etiology; Disease; Repercussions deriving from alcohol use/abuse; Alcoholic beverages. The general scale presented a consistency level of 0.90. The resulting instrument is concluded to be a reliable tool to evaluate attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcohol addicts.
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Wang, Zejun, Haicheng Liu, Mingyang Li und Mei Yang. „Global Dynamics in an Alcoholism Epidemic Model with Saturation Incidence Rate and Two Distributed Delays“. Mathematics 11, Nr. 24 (05.12.2023): 4870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11244870.
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In this study, considering the delays for a susceptible individual becoming an alcoholic and the relapse of a recovered individual back into being an alcoholic, we formulate an epidemic model for alcoholism with distributed delays and relapse. The basic reproduction number R0 is calculated, and the threshold property of R0 is established. By analyzing the characteristic equation, we demonstrate the local asymptotic stability of the different equilibria under various conditions: when R0<1, the alcoholism-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable; when R0>1, the alcoholism equilibrium exists and is locally asymptotically stable. Furthermore, we demonstrate the global asymptotic stability at each equilibrium using a suitable Lyapunov function. Specifically, when R0<1, the alcoholism-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; when R0>1, the alcoholism equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. The sensitivity analysis of R0 shows that reducing exposure is more effective than treatment in controlling alcoholism. Interestingly, we found that extending the latency delay h1 and relapse delay h2 also effectively contribute to the control of the spread of alcoholism. Numerical simulations are also provided to support our theoretical results.
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Fillmore, Kaye Middleton, und Dennis Kelso. „Coercion into Alcoholism Treatment: Meanings for the Disease Concept of Alcoholism“. Journal of Drug Issues 17, Nr. 3 (Juli 1987): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700306.
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Selected literature is first reviewed examining the relationship between the increased use of coercion as motivation for alcoholism treatment entry and the goals of alcoholism treatment with the general conclusion reached that the increasing use of coercion is shifting the practice and ideology of alcoholism treatment. Second, criminally referred, volunteers and DWI clients in one state's publicly funded alcoholism treatment are compared on the basic precepts of the disease model of alcoholism with the general conclusion that as the operational definition of “alcoholic” has widened to include the universe of alcohol problems, there are major discrepancies between those traditionally treated for alcoholism and the newer clientele. The implications of this shift are discussed in terms of the transformation of the social function of alcoholism treatment.
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Petroianu, Andy, Cecília Maria de Sousa Lagares Dabien Haddad, Gisele Araújo Pereira und Paula Vieira Teixeira Vidigal. „Hepatic artery disorders associated with alcoholism“. Journal of International Medical Research 51, Nr. 2 (Februar 2023): 030006052311535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605231153547.
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Objective We aimed to characterize the relationship between severe chronic alcoholism and hepatic arterial wall disorders in humans. Methods We obtained hepatic arteries from 165 patients undergoing liver transplantation who were placed into two etiological groups: an Alcoholism group and a Non-alcoholism group. We compared the age, sex, lipid profile, and histologic characteristics of the hepatic arteries (normal, reduction in luminal diameter of ≤10%, or atherosclerosis) of the participants in the two groups using multifactor analyses. Results The Alcoholism group comprised 58 men and 40 women and the Non-alcoholism group comprised 63 men and 4 women. The mean ages of the groups were 52.5 ± 9.6 years and 44.2 ± 13.8 years, respectively. There were no circulating lipid abnormalities in any of the participants. In women, arterial disorders were found at a younger age than in men. Hepatic arterial disorders were more frequent in the non-alcoholic participants, and women with alcoholism showed less arterial narrowing. Conclusion The heavy consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with a lower incidence of atherosclerosis of the hepatic artery in humans.
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Ramírez, Erika Gisseth León, Divane de Vargas, Luz Patrícia Diaz Heredia und Alejandra Sepúlveda Corzo. „Spanish version of the scale of attitudes toward alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics: content validation“. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 70, Nr. 2 (April 2017): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2015-0149.
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ABSTACT Objective: to describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics into the Spanish language. Methods: this was a methodological study, which followed the international guidelines for translation and adaptation of measurement scales. Results: During the process of translation and cultural adaptation of scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics to the Spanish language, the items were adjusted based on semantic, idiomatic and conceptual equivalence of the expressions contained in the scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics. Content validation indicated satisfactory validity indexes, with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (0.97), Content Validity Index (CVI) (0.92), and the Prevalence Adjusted Bias Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) (0.80). Conclusion: the scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism and alcoholics, adapted and translated into the Spanish language, presented content validity with satisfactory indexes, which affirmed that the instrument was adapted for the Colombian context. The next step will be evaluation of its psychometric properties in order to guarantee reliability for its use in Hispanic populations.
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Bendjilali, Djilali, Denis Boisvert und Maurice Dongier. „Étude comparative entre l'alcoolisme psychiatrique et l'alcoolisme non-psychiatrique“. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, Nr. 3 (April 1988): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300305.
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Determination of alcoholism or alcohol dependency syndrome in a given population requires a reliable questionnaire plus anamnestic and biological parameters. The authors have used the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) on a sample of 150 subjects over a three month period to detect alcoholism in a psychiatric versus a non-psychiatric population. They discuss the importance of a family type of alcoholism and conclude that a good percentage of primary alcoholics may present themselves with psychiatric features or seek psychiatric help.
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Blusewicz, Matthew J., Joel H. Kramer und Richard L. Delmonico. „Interference effects in chronic alcoholism“. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2, Nr. 2 (März 1996): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700000990.
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AbstractThis study investigated underlying mechanisms of the verbal memory disorder associated with chronic alcoholism. Previous investigations have suggested that alcoholics are more vulnerable to interference effects on verbal learning and memory tasks, both with respect to retroactive interference (RI) and proactive interference (PI); this was the hypothesis of the current study. Measures of RI and build-up and release from PI were administered to 31 abstinent male chronic alcoholics and 24 healthy male nonalcoholic control subjects. Alcoholics demonstrated more sensitivity to RI than controls. Additionally, alcoholics displayed a more rapid build-up of PI, although they showed normal release. An increased interference effect was found to be a component of chronic alcoholics’ verbal memory impairment and may differentiate chronic alcoholism from other disorders affecting verbal learning and memory. (JINS, 1996, 2, 141–145.)