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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Airway (Medicine) Muscles Physiology Sex differences":
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Chang, Herng-Yu Sucie, und Wayne Mitzner. „Sex differences in mouse models of asthma“. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2007): 1226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-116.
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Differences in disease susceptibility and prognosis between men and women are known to occur in the incidence and development of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and immunological disorders. In the lung there are also sex-based differences in the incidence, prevalence, and pathogenesis of lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma. In the general population, sex-based differences in asthma have been shown by epidemiologic studies, but unfortunately these studies are not consistent in their conclusions. This variability in human epidemiological studies justifies the need for more focused studies of the effects of specific hormones. Such specific mechanistic studies can most easily be performed in animal models, and since mouse models have the potential for separating specific genetic factors from environmental and exogenous factors, this species has become increasingly important in the design, analysis, and interpretation of asthma research. This review will document the male and female differences in airway function of naïve and sensitized mouse models, as well as the great variability in the functional measurements of airway tone. Until the situation is better understood, this variability between males and females should be kept in mind when designing, analyzing, and interpreting studies of smooth muscle responses in animal models and human subjects.
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Kalidhindi, Rama Satyanarayana Raju, Niyati A. Borkar, Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore, Christina M. Pabelick, Y. S. Prakash und Venkatachalem Sathish. „Sex steroids skew ACE2 expression in human airway: a contributing factor to sex differences in COVID-19?“ American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 319, Nr. 5 (01.11.2020): L843—L847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00391.2020.
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The incidence, severity, and mortality of ongoing coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) is greater in men compared with women, but the underlying factors contributing to this sex difference are still being explored. In the current study, using primary isolated human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells from normal males versus females as a model, we explored the effect of estrogen versus testosterone in modulating the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a cell entry point for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Using confocal imaging, we found that ACE2 is expressed in human ASM. Furthermore, Western analysis of ASM cell lysates showed significantly lower ACE2 expression in females compared with males at baseline. In addition, ASM cells exposed to estrogen and testosterone for 24 h showed that testosterone significantly upregulates ACE2 expression in both males and females, whereas estrogen downregulates ACE2, albeit not significant compared with vehicle. These intrinsic and sex steroids induced differences may help explain sex differences in COVID-19.
3
Dominelli, Paolo B., und Yannick Molgat-Seon. „Sex, gender and the pulmonary physiology of exercise“. European Respiratory Review 31, Nr. 163 (12.01.2022): 210074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0074-2021.
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In this review, we detail how the pulmonary system's response to exercise is impacted by both sex and gender in healthy humans across the lifespan. First, the rationale for why sex and gender differences should be considered is explored, and then anatomical differences are highlighted, namely that females typically have smaller lungs and airways than males. Thereafter, we describe how these anatomical differences can impact functional aspects such as respiratory muscle energetics and activation, mechanical ventilatory constraints, diaphragm fatigue, and pulmonary gas exchange in healthy adults and children. Finally, we detail how gender can impact the pulmonary response to exercise.
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Kalidhindi, Rama Satyanarayana Raju, Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore, Premanand Balraj, Taylor Schmidt, M. Nadeem Khan und Venkatachalem Sathish. „Androgen receptor activation alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling in a murine model of asthma“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 320, Nr. 5 (01.05.2021): L803—L818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00441.2020.
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Epidemiological studies demonstrate an apparent sex-based difference in the prevalence of asthma, with a higher risk in boys than girls, which is reversed postpuberty, where women become more prone to asthma than men, suggesting a plausible beneficial role for male hormones, especially androgens as a regulator of pathophysiology in asthmatic lungs. Using a murine model of asthma developed with mixed allergen (MA) challenge, we report a significant change in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), as demonstrated by increased thickness of epithelial and airway smooth muscle layers and collagen deposition, as well as Th2/Th17-biased inflammation in the airways of non-gonadectomized (non-GDX) and gonadectomized (GDX) male mice. Here, compared with non-GDX mice, MA-induced AHR and inflammatory changes were more prominent in GDX mice. Activation of androgen receptor (AR) using 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT, AR agonist) resulted in decreased Th2/Th17 inflammation and remodeling-associated changes, resulting in improved lung function compared with MA alone challenged mice, especially in GDX mice. These changes were not observed with Flutamide (Flut, AR antagonist). Overall, we show that AR exerts a significant and beneficial role in asthma by regulating AHR and inflammation.
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Ford, Lincoln E. „Plasticity in airway smooth muscle: an update“. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 83, Nr. 10 (01.10.2005): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y05-089.
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At a similar meeting 10 years ago, we proposed (i) that the long functional range of some smooth muscles is accommodated by plastic alterations that place more myofilaments in series at longer lengths, (ii) that this plasticity is facilitated by myosin filament evanescence, with filaments dissociating partially during relaxation and reforming upon activation, and (iii) that filament lengthening during the rise of activation would cause velocity to fall. Since that meeting, we have accumulated a substantial body of evidence to support these proposals, as follows: (i) muscles develop nearly the same force when adapted to a range of lengths that can vary by 3-fold; (ii) other physiological parameters including shortening velocity, maximum power, compliance, ATPase rate, and thick-filament mass increase by about 2/3 for a doubling of muscle length; (iii) thick-filament density increases substantially during the rise of activation; and (iv) velocity falls as force rises during the rise of tetanic force, and when correction is made for differences in activation, velocity and force vary exactly in inverse proportion. This review explains the rationale for the different experimental measurements and their interpretation.Key words: muscle activation, series-to-parallel transition, myofilaments, myosin.
6
Card, Jeffrey W., James W. Voltz, Catherine D. Ferguson, Michelle A. Carey, Laura M. DeGraff, Shyamal D. Peddada, Daniel L. Morgan und Darryl C. Zeldin. „Male sex hormones promote vagally mediated reflex airway responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 292, Nr. 4 (April 2007): L908—L914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00407.2006.
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A sex disparity in airway responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation has been observed in laboratory mice in that males are considerably more responsive than females, but the basis for this difference is unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that male sex hormones promote murine airway responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation via vagus nerve-mediated reflex mechanisms. In tissue bath preparations, no sex-based differences were observed in the contractile responses of isolated tracheal and bronchial ring segments to carbachol, indicating that the mechanism(s) responsible for the in vivo sex difference is (are) absent ex vivo. Bilateral cervical vagotomy was found to abolish in vivo airway responsiveness to methacholine in male mice, whereas it did not alter the responses of females, suggesting a regulatory role for male sex hormones in promoting reflex airway constriction. To test this possibility, we next studied mice with altered circulating male sex hormone levels. Castrated male mice displayed airway responsiveness equivalent to that observed in intact females, whereas administration of exogenous testosterone to castrated males restored responsiveness, albeit not to the level observed in intact males. Administration of exogenous testosterone to intact female mice similarly enhanced responsiveness. Importantly, the promotive effects of exogenous testosterone in castrated male and intact female mice were absent when bilateral vagotomy was performed. Together, these data indicate that male sex hormones promote cholinergic airway responsiveness via a vagally mediated reflex mechanism that may be important in the regulation of airway tone in the normal and diseased lung.
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Kurti, Stephanie P., Sam R. Emerson, Joshua R. Smith, Sara K. Rosenkranz, Samantha A. Alexander, Garrett M. Lovoy und Craig A. Harms. „Older women exhibit greater airway 8-isoprostane responses to strenuous exercise compared with older men and younger controls“. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, Nr. 5 (Mai 2018): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0565.
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Development of late-onset respiratory diseases is associated with elevated 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, in the airways. However, sex differences exist in development of these diseases. Using an exhaustive exercise bout as a physiological stressor may elucidate whether there is a sex difference with aging in pre- to postexercise airway 8-isoprostane generation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether older women exhibit a greater airway 8-isoprostane response to exhaustive exercise compared with older men and younger controls. Thirty-six individuals completed the study (12 postmenopausal older women (OW) and 12 age-matched older men (OM), 65 ± 4 years of age; and 12 younger controls (YC), 21 ± 2 years of age). Baseline measurements included exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for assessment of airway 8-isoprostane and standard pulmonary function tests (PFTs) to assess forced expiratory volume in 1-s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of FVC. Subjects then performed a peak oxygen uptake test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Immediately postexercise, PFTs and EBC were performed. The generation of airway 8-isoprostane from pre- to postexercise was greater in OW compared with OM and YC (p < 0.01), increasing ∼74% ± 77% in OW, while decreasing in OM (∼12% ± 50%) and YC (∼20.9% ± 30%). The OW exhibited a greater airway 8-isoprostane response to exhaustive exercise compared with OM and YC, which may suggest that sex differences in oxidative stress generation following exhaustive exercise may provide a mechanistic rationale for sex differences in late-onset respiratory diseases.
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Salminen, A., P. Saari und M. Kihlström. „Age- and sex-related differences in lipid peroxidation of mouse cardiac and skeletal muscles“. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 89, Nr. 4 (Januar 1988): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(88)90310-0.
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Pascoe, Christopher D., Sujata Basu, Jacquie Schwartz, Mario Fonseca, Shana Kahnamoui, Aruni Jha, Vernon Dolinsky und Andrew J. Halayko. „Maternal diabetes promotes offspring lung dysfunction and inflammation in a sex-dependent manner“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 322, Nr. 3 (01.03.2022): L373—L384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00425.2021.
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Exposure to maternal diabetes is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for chronic respiratory disease in children. It is currently unclear; however, whether maternal diabetes affects the lung health of male and female offspring equally. This study characterizes the sex-specific impact of a murine model of diet-induced gestational diabetes (GDM) on offspring lung function and airway inflammation. Female adult mice are fed a high-fat (45% kcal) diet for 6 wk prior to mating. Control offspring are from mothers fed a low-fat (10% kcal) diet. Offspring were weaned and fed a chow diet until 10 wk of age, at which point lung function was measured and lung lavage was collected. Male, but not female, offspring exposed to GDM had increased lung compliance and reduced lung resistance at baseline. Female offspring exposed to GDM displayed increased methacholine reactivity and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, and CXCL1] in lung lavage. Female GDM offspring also displayed elevated abundance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) within their airways, namely, MMP-3 and MMP-8. These results indicate disparate effects of maternal diabetes on lung health and airway inflammation of male and female offspring exposed to GDM. Female mice may be at greater risk of inflammatory lung conditions, such as asthma, whereas male offspring display changes that more closely align with models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In conclusion, there are important sex-based differences in the impact of maternal diabetes on offspring lung health that could signal differences in future disease risk.
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Stock, Matt S., Dustin J. Oranchuk, Adam M. Burton und David C. Phan. „Age-, sex-, and region-specific differences in skeletal muscle size and quality“. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, Nr. 11 (November 2020): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0114.
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Ultrasonography-derived cross-sectional area (CSA) and echo intensity (EI) are increasingly utilized by investigators to study muscle size and quality, respectively. We sought to examine age, sex, and region (proximal, middle, distal) differences in vastus lateralis and rectus femoris CSA and EI, and determine whether correction for subcutaneous fat thickness influences the magnitude of EI differences. Fifteen younger men (mean age = 23 years), 15 younger women (aged 21 years), 11 older men (aged 74 years), and 15 older women (aged 70 years) participated. Clear differences were observed among age, sex, and region for vastus lateralis CSA (p ≤ 0.013, d = 0.38–0.73), whereas rectus femoris CSA was only different between younger and older participants at the proximal region (p = 0.017, d = 0.65). Uncorrected EI was greatest at the distal region of both muscles (p < 0.001, d = 0.59–1.38), with only the younger men having significantly lower EI values than the other groups (p ≤ 0.043, d = 0.37–0.63). Subcutaneous fat correction resulted in a marked increase in the magnitude of sex-specific EI differences (p ≤ 0.032, d ≥ 0.42). Additionally, subcutaneous fat correction increased the uniformity of EI throughout the thigh. These findings highlight considerable region-specific differences in muscle size and quality among younger and older men and women and highlight the need to correct for subcutaneous fat thickness when examining EI. Novelty Rectus femoris CSA is similar between younger and older adults except at the most proximal site evaluated. Age- and sex-specific differences in uncorrected EI are nonuniform across the thigh. Correction for subcutaneous fat thickness substantially increased EI in women, resulting in greater sex differences.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Airway (Medicine) Muscles Physiology Sex differences":
1
Jordan, Amy Selina. „The control of respiration and upper airway muscle activity in healthy young men and women“. Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj812.pdf.
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"May 2002." Bibliography: leaves 123-144. Aspects of the control of ventilation and an upper airway dilator muscle (genioglossus) are compared between healthy men and women, in an attempt to identify a gender difference that may contribute to the high male prevalence of sleep apnea.
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Jordan, Amy Selina. „The control of respiration and upper airway muscle activity in healthy young men and women / by Amy Jordan“. Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21859.
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"May 2002." Bibliography: leaves 123-144. xiv, 144 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. Aspects of the control of ventilation and an upper airway dilator muscle (genioglossus) are compared between healthy men and women, in an attempt to identify a gender difference that may contribute to the high male prevalence of sleep apnea. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physiology, 2002
