Dissertationen zum Thema „Agriculture – Aspect économique – Agriculture urbaine“
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Peres, Stéphanie. „La vigne et la ville : forme urbaine et usage des sols“. Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecause exurban areas have outpaced urban and suburban areas in population growth for the last several decades, growth pressures are commonly observed at the rural-urban fringe, resulting in conversion of agricultural land for urban use. However the existence of a high quality vineyard questions traditional spatial structuring mechanisms. We must understand the role of vineyard on the morphological configuration of urbanization. The case of suburban Bordeaux vineyard, by its inclusion in both spaces at the heart of the Bordeaux metropolitan area, is ideal for the analysis of issues of interaction between urban growth and dynamic vineyard. The discret choice model associated with the duration model confirms the vineyard resistance, and also provides a means to inform the development of policies that aim at managing these pressures
Racaud, Sylvain. „Les montagnes Uporoto entre ville et campagne, géographie de flux et integration territoriale en Tanzanie“. Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967439.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMICHEL, JOSEPH. „La qualite des previsions economiques avec applications aux previsions agricoles“. Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT4011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims at knowing the lessons of forecasting experience of the united states and france, for macroeconomic (part 1) and agricultural forecasts (part 2) part 1 as regards the united state the use of expert jugments seem to be a rather afficient method. For france some problems appear for several variables like investment, the balance of payments with econometric forecast. Futhermore, judgment play a significant part in econometric forecast : forecast assessment involves both the model and the cleverness of the model builder. Part 2 a comparison between forecasts and realizations is also carried out for agricultural forecasts. The same statement can be derived from the study of the agricultural forecasts. But : 1) instrumental models are efficient for forecasting prices 2) examination of past predictive performance tells : future markets are very reliable for generating forecasts about cereal prices evolution. 3) some examples indicate than rational and adaptative expectations have an impact on the forecast quality but are no essential for each variable
Boussemart, Jean-Philippe. „Production capital productivité et endettement de l'agriculture française“. Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNyandwi, Nicodème. „Encadrement agricole et stratégies paysannes : les enjeux de la modernisation rurale au Burundi“. Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL12001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe conditions that are apt to generate the phenomena of sociability of social agents are a function of the relation of the forces that are sustained by the social context which governs the integration process, despite the sometimes contradictory character of the interests at stake within modernization projects. This assertion seems to explain the conditions under which agriculture is evolving in Africa. On account of the constraints associated with the technical development and unwieldiness of the politico-economic system, this sector experiences stagnation of its productivity today. In the specific case of Burundi, one of the reasons for this poor productivity have their basis in the increasingly long time-lags which cause a disconnect between the practices recommended by extension agents and the implementation of them by the acting subjects, in the event farmers. These distorsions, although minimized within official circles, have their basis in facts as thèse become manifested and or in the different, even contradictory, stakes of the social agents as the latter confront various strategies, policies, and methods of intervention within the peasant societies. On the basis of factual analyses, this study attempts on the one hand to clarify the question of technical dependence in relation to peasant submissiveness and, on the other hand, to open up a large debate on the essential questions associated with what should be the proper fit between the state's practices and the peasants'own strategies with a view to new perspectives of action
Guyomard, Hervé. „Investissement et choix technique du secteur agricole francais : étude économétrique“. Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN11023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study investigates the structure of french agricultural technology using duality theory and flexible functional forms. The plan of the thesis is as follows. Part 1 discusses data analysis and measurement problems. Part 2 reviews the different generations of input demand models, while paying close attention to the invesment function. Part 3 presents our analysis of french agricultural technology using annual data from 1959 to 1984. TTwo approaches are followed to relax the assumption of full static equilibrium. First, since certain factors cannot be freely varied within the single period of observation, we develop a short-run hicksian equilibrium model : only the variable inputs adjust to their cost minimizing levels, while the quasi-fixed inputs remain fixed. We provide an exhaustive characterization of this model : more precisely, we discuss the underlying assumptions and show how the different possible equilibria can be derived from the knowledge of the short-run hicksian equilibrium. We propose also different possible measures of the disequilibrium, in the price space, in the inputs quantity space and in the output quantity space. Second, the adjusment cost hypothesis is invoked to specify and estimate a system of dynamic demand equations : a disequilibrium process is represented as a generalized partial adjustment model where disequilibrium in one input may affect other inputs
Chabane, Mohamed. „Agriculture, rente et développement : de l'histoire à la prospective, le cas de l’Algérie“. Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseChabane.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince 1962, Algeria has experienced strong population dynamics, which broke various balances economic, social and natural. One consequence of this population pressure is seen through the imbalance of agricultural resources, which led to an extremely high food dependency vis-à-vis other countries. Today, most of the commodity is imported and the gap between supply and demand is increasingly rising. Since the intensive exploitation of hydrocarbons, agriculture has often been neglected and relegated to second place. However, agricultural policy initiated by the country's independence ensured top performance in the agricultural sector, which enjoyed a reputation as an exporter sector mainly due to policies of basic infrastructures, , and of all sorts of supports as , a way of promoting very advanced techniques. How and why could farming reach such a state? What the State could do if the hydrocarbon resources are running low? How can the State put farming in the forefront? How can it give agriculture a place with which it will contribute to the economic development of the nation? How can it meet the challenges of the future and cope with population growth, climate change and depletion of natural resources, presently the almost only sources of finance for the State? To answer these questions, we first consider the history of the Algerian agriculture during the last centuries. This quest leads to the conclusion that a real farm policy, founded over a real and effective study of Algerian agricultural sector is necessary. To this end, a mathematical model linking together the main parameters of the Algerian agricultural system is built. Focused on the future of the sector in Algeria, its goal is not only to imitate behaviour of agricultural systems but also to produce scenarios that could occur in reality in case of policy changes it is based on a rational analysis of land use patterns as depicted in field studies
Aamoum, Ali. „Agriculture et équilibre alimentaire : le cas du Maroc“. Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKpawilina-Namkoïsse, Abel. „Dynamiques agraires dans les savanes du centre-ouest de Centrafrique“. Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKouassi, N'Guettia René. „Structure de marche et performance industrielle : le cas de l'agro-industrie ivoirienne“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996VERS0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis was to justify the performance of the ivorian agricultural industry (ag-industry) through out its market structure. The thesis used traditional and modern theory of industrial organization and linked them to ag-industry. The thesis shows that the ivorian ag-industry faces a quite paradoxal situation as far as economic efficiency is concerned this is due to the high level of protection and concentration. In other words, the agricultural and food sector did not benefit from profits earned from the existing market structure. Government intervention in all ag-industrial activities has created non-rational practices from an economic standpoint. This situation is due in part to community constraints which, in africa, are ranked number one priority in firm management
Domecq, Jean-Pierre. „Le contenu en importations des échanges agro-alimentaires français“. Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA02T111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe common agricultural policy has defined a system of high prices for cereals along with the possibility for some stock-breeders in northern europe to obtain fodder imported at a low price. Nevertheless, this system of agreement between cereal producers and stock-breeders has two negative effects: - the new methods of intensive breeding of fodder are getting out of the technical rich of french stock-breeders. - this system induces stock-breeders to sell on the world market the french cereals remaining unsold because of their high price. Now, calculating the content of imports of surplus exports outside the e. E. C. Reveals that their contribution in foreign currencies is very low compared with the cost of the subsidies. But observing the effect of impuls of agriculture shows that suppressing exports by freezing the production would have bad results on country's economy. The solution to cereal surplus would be to create a free market reserved for the stock-breeders only. They would at last benefit from cheap concentrated fodder in the southern part of the e. E. C. The cereal producers who would sell their production on the free market would get deficiencies payments
Fabre, Renaud. „Contribution et retribution du travail agricole dans la croissance : La génération du développement rural (1960-1990)“. Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080349.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBom-Kondé, Paul-Charles. „Etude des trajectoires d'activites agroalimentaires du sud et de l'ouest du cameroun : une approche evolutionniste du territoire“. Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO22009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis examines trajectories of food innovation potentiality of cameroon. An evolutionary approach, connecting anthropologic and economic approaches to the innovative sphere, has been used to take account creation selection processes developed in non-commercial and commercial territories. The empirical study is limited to maize and cassava products (south and west). This exploratory study has an operational objective. Decentralisation of territorial development is suggested as field policy to be followed. On the one hand, the necessity to build - private and public research institutions in a more pragmatic manner based on local competences ; on the other, help to lower coordination costs related to local food activities (research, competence building, investments, access to local and external markets) are adressed to policy makers. According to the macro-territorial evolutions of innovations ; to the main selection factors and mechanisms as regards the activities that can be listed in the food sector, actors have the opportunity of planning and widening their strategies
Brum, Argemiro Jacob. „Histoire et perspectives des débouchés du soja brésilien dans la communauté économique européenne, CEE“. Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGardel, Marie-Élise. „Le Cabardès aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles (1229-1348)“. Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is limited to the study of "cabardes", a small area in the "montagne noire" in the north of carcassonne, composed of eleven parishes from 1229 to 1348. Based upon historical and archeological documents this thesis tries to reveal the everyday life of country population form the end of albigensis crusade to the beginning of the scourges of the xivth century. Geographical and historical context, description of sites, reports of archeological excavations are followed by a social and economical study which shows the importance of mining and of forest exploitation. Is this society changing ? the declining cathar heresy, the transition between old and new power, the forest regulations becoming more and more strict, contribute to the change of society during a rather peaceful period. This contribution to the study of medieval rural society is accompanied by transcriptions and translations of documents, plans, maps, and lots of photographies
Divsalar, Mohamed Reza. „Industries d'amont et développement de l'agriculture dans le Tiers-monde : le cas iranien“. Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work we first consider the part of agriculture in the economic growth and the different policies liable to lead to food self-sufficiency. We show that most developing countries have chosen the way to agricultural industrialization, that is to say the search for a higher productivity by the largescale utilization of agricultural technology usually bought to the agro-industries of the developed countries. This policy has not often brought about the anticipated results and has meant a split-up of the rural structure and an increased dependency towards foreign countries. The iranian case which is then considered is not subordinate to this general scheme. The country which used to show a surplus in food products is now in the red. The agricultural policy not very adapted to the social and economical structure of the country is widely responsible for the deterioration of the situation. In order to reache the aim of self sufficiency expressed in the plan, the agricultural production must be increased. But it must be done by using as well as can be the national resources, a large labour, the waste lands and by encouraging a sector of small-scale enterprises liable to provide intermediary consumer goods and durable goods adapted to the rural needs
Diallo, Don Minelphe. „Analyse des systèmes de production maraîchers de la région des Niayes au Sénégal, et politique de mise en valeur à leur égard“. Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON10030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStudy of the senagalese truck gardening with its physical, human and technical aspects. Analysis of the production systems in order to know better its working. Systematic approach of the rural development showing the other activities of the countryman, the difficultes and the progress. The niayes area is very insecure because there isn't any coordination in the development program for the truck gardening
Dagou, Paboung. „Les milieux ruraux en Afrique au sud du Sahara : le cas du pays mundan au Tchad“. Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFanou, Joseph A. „Stratégies d'accumulation en milieu rural au Bénin : Le plateau ADJA (MONO)“. Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL12001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgriculture is the main economic activity for more than 70% of the population on the adja plateau and in benin generally. The commoditization of agricultural economy allowed actors to develop accumulation strategies about lands purchasing, labour use and how to make use of political and social network of contacts. Three important ideas are drawn from this work : 1) changes in african rural societies give peasants opportunities to develop their own strategies for adaptation, 2) modern agricultural economy has moved the traditionnal mean of power based on age, mobility ans wisdom from the moral and social level to the individual capacity to solve one's problems, 3)although the structures are changing, allowing some people to accumulate resources, the system is characterized by a flexibility of land use which enables any peasant to obtain a field for cultivation
Hanchane, Mohamed. „Calage, validation et application du modèle céres-orge pour l'analyse des risques climatiques en fonction des choix de la variété et de la date de semis en conditions climatiques marocaines“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhissamay, Phirany. „Les enjeux du développement agricole au Laos“. Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKrebs, Stéphane. „Activités non agricoles et financement de l'exploitation agricole“. Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN20003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZniber, Myrième. „Petite production marchande et formes d'intégration au capital dans une formation sociale dépendante : le cas de l'agriculture au Maroc“. Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100137.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCazals, Clarisse. „Analyse conventionnaliste des démarches environnementales volontaires : l'exemple de la viticulture et de l'arboriculture fruitière“. Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVoluntary Environmental Approaches (VEA) are considered as all the firm free contracts aiming at improving their environmental performance, beyond legal requirements, in the limits of a formal or informal system. The dynamics of their expansion and their diversity leads to open an economical and ecological work in order to analyse them, selecting the acceptibility criteria, rather than the ecological one. We present an analysis of the various conditions of VEA emergence and durability in the agricultural sector, especially in wine growing and fruit arboriculture. As a matter of fact, these two sectors are concerned by the non-point source pollution due to chemical products. In order to cope with this major environmental issue, the actors have chosen two VEA models : organic farming and integrated farming. Starting from the economics of conventions theoretical foundations, we build an analysis that fits with the environmental problem, articulating possible worlds of environmental protecting production and environmental conventions. It allows us to focus on the distinction between the two VEA types in both processes
Zayed, Abdallah. „Analyse économique de la terre agricole en Égypte“. Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe agricutural land in egypt represents only 5,7% of the national territory. For a population increasing annually by a rate of 3,5%, this area is continually increasing annually the agriculture looses every year about 40000 feddans. Many reasons would explain this situation : 1) rendering the lands fallow - 2) the construction - 3) the tagrife 4) the inheritance system being inspired from the islamic legistation "the charia" - 5) the housing and irrigation system policy. The agriculture represents only 31% of the agricultural land and looses about 23,8% of its content due to : - the evaporation ; - infiltration of nile water being destined to irrigate agricultural properties. In our point of view, the strategy to fight such problems include : - changing the irrigation system ; - displacing the fertile situated in the vicinity of nasser lake to the desert regions far from the high dam
Coléno, Yves-Patrick. „Plaine du Roussillon : devenir de l'agriculture et développement local“. Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhereas an agricultural development seems to be admitted in the plain of Roussillon, there is no index of it. On the contrary, indexes of a regression can be found, which can be connected with the productive specialization and the land dimension of this agriculture. In this way the latter is connected with the whole socio-economic structure, in which market and wage labor relations predominate. Its evolution can be caught from the spatial standpoint. In interregional differentiation today the plain of Roussillon looks peripheral. Agriculture has been trending towards extraversion for a long time, and now it looks on the way to delocation. Consequently, its outlook cannot be dissociated from a specific socio-economic movement which would build a new space. Some dispersed initiatives show the ways to a relocation of agriculture in this space. Their spread involves a local development, calling more especially into play the transformation of work and the emergence of specific forms of regulation. On such conditions, such a development can change the place of the plain of Roussillon in interregional relations and, further on, in the world
Maciulyte, Jurgita. „Mutations agraires dans l'espace rural en Lituanie“. Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelcombel, Elsa. „Organisation de l'action collective et rôle de la puissance publique pour le développement de l'agriculture guadeloupéenne : les difficultés du modèle coopératif et de la concertation entre acteurs“. Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AGUY0125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis attempts to explain why agricultural cooperatives ,set up in Guadeloupe to market agricultural products other than bananas and sugar ,the two traditional crops of the island ,have repeatedly failed over the last forty years. An examination of the life cycle of several large cooperatives reveals that they could not have been profitable;in each case they survived only as long as public subsidies were available to bail them out. In addition ,analys of individual farm level conditions shows that cooperatives could only provide adequate solutions to a small minority of farmers. Why then did public officials encourage and support again the creation of new cooperatives, in spite of their many failures?An analysis ,taking note of the situations and strategies of the various actors involved,suggests that : public officials at the local level have been so constrained by a host of local and national considerations that they have not been able to support alternative development models. Doing so would require a broad consensus on a new economic development approach taking account of the specific features of the economy of Guadeloupe ,which suffers from a chronic and structural "Dutch disease" effect
Guillén, Marroquín Jesús. „L'économie agricole de la région de Cusco (Pérou), 1900-1980“. Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStudy of the evolution of the agriculture of the cusco region betwen 1900 and 1980. Analysis of the causes and dynamic of this evolution and the effects of international trade upon the agricultural economy of the cusco region consecuences on the two main regional economic agents: tghe haciendas (land lord) and the peasand communitis
Kurashige, Yasuhiko. „Le déclin de l'agriculture japonaise : étude géographique économique“. Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMundler, Patrick. „L'agriculture rhône-alpine : entre régulation sectorielle et régulation territoriale“. Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/mundler_p.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at putting into perspective the changes and stresses undergone by the agricultural sector in the Rhone-Alpes Region since the public policies changed their incentives in order to take into account all the functions of agriculture. The recognition of these different functions (multifunctionnality) puts agriculture under tension between sectorial development logics based essentially on production increase by improving work productivity and territorial development logics whose stakes are economical development, environmental resources development and social cohesion. Our point of view is that tension between sectorial and territorial logics puts agriculture at the intersection of two "typical-ideals" paradigms of development in contradiction on different points: role of the agricultural activity for the households, development perspectives, integration of work and personal worlds, forms of access to public transfers, regulation spaces, market types, forms of innovation, conceptions of quality, results, space occupation, ect, It also leads to questioning the forms of agricultural development and publics policies that led to this tension
ElMarzougui, Eskandar. „Three essays in international trade, agriculture and the environment“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30163/30163.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focusses on the consequences of international economic (investment and trade) openness on the environment and on the potential impacts of growing environmental concerns on the stability of agricultural markets (corn prices in the international market). The first essay studies the impact of trade and investment openness on the environment at the aggregate level. We find that the pollution haven hypothesis is supported for major greenhouse gases (CO2, HFC, PFC and SF6) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), but not for local pollutants (NO2 and SO2), for which the pollution halo hypothesis could not be rejected. We show that the relocation of multinational corporations has harmful environmental effects in developing countries, while foreign direct investment reduces local pollutants emission in both developed and developing countries. Ratification of environmental agreements is found to have a stronger mitigating impact in developed countries than in developing ones and trade openness has a significantly negative impact on the emission of most pollutants. The second essay studies the impact of openness on the environment at the regional level. We find support for the pollution haven hypothesis for CO2 emissions in Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, the former United Socialist Soviet Republic and Eastern Europe, and South America, but not in Asia, for which the pollution halo hypothesis could not be rejected. The pollution haven hypothesis is also supported for SO2 emissions in South America while the pollution halo holds for SO2 emissions in Africa. We show that local investment is contributing significantly to both CO2 and SO2 emissions increase in most regions while trade openness matters only in two regions. The third essay identifies three structural breaks in the relationship between corn and oil prices. We show that the relationship between corn and oil prices tends to be stronger when oil prices are highly volatile and when agricultural policies create less distortion. The ethanol boom strengthened the relation between corn and oil prices which are cointegrated only in the fourth regime. Impulse response functions confirm that corn prices systematically respond to oil price shocks, but the converse is not observed.
Louhichi, Kamel. „Essai de modélisation bio-économique de la relation agriculture-environnement : le cas de l'érosion en Tunisie“. Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiscontinuities and non-convexities are among the fundamental specificities of the relationship between agriculture and environment. Whereas it concerns groundwater pollution, the erosion of soils or salinity, the externalities associated to the process of agricultural production are complex and mostly non-linear. To evaluate them through the simple way of the usual rules of internalisation is not completely satisfactory. Thus we have adopted a multidisciplinary approach, associating economics and agronomy via a model coupling a bio-physical simulator and an economic programme, optimising the producers behavioury. This model introduces some sophistications, namely a dynamic recursif approach. .
Benzine, Mahmoud. „Agriculture et consommation alimentaire en Algérie : contribution à l'analyse des modèles mimétiques dans le développement“. Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL12003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAccording to a drastic report an the wretchedness in means and food that prevails in the third world, the analysis undertaken to illustrate the presente thesis attemps to study concrete situations in a developing country, namely algeria, in relation to the models of agricultural production and food consumption. The aim is to prove that the farming and consumption models brought into operation are characterized by a mimetic tendency (reproduction of western production productionnist models) without having any economique or social incentive justification in favour of their implementation. The slenderness of the results obtained from the implementation of the aforesaid models militate in favour of (choosing) new alternatives fitting the economic and social realities of algeria in order to minimise the constraints that prevent the country from attaining the double sided objective of meeting better food needs of the major port of the population and reduce the degree of subordination to the world market in terms of food necesities for mean and long terms
Politis-Stergiou, Evangelos. „La perception scientifique de l'espace montagnard : son approche en Grèce et l'exemple de sa transformation dans le Péloponnèse du Nord (le cas de Kalavryta)“. Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMadaule, Stéphane. „Les agricultures du Tiers-Monde face au marché des céréales“. Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA020127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBased on an analysis of world cereal trade and its effects on third world agriculture, this study has fixed as its objective to try to understand better the very contrasted situation of agriculture and food production of the 1980 in order to assess the various policies put forward and, to propose some suggestions. The major conclusions of this work are : - compels the developping countries to organize their internal food producing market vis a vis the rest of the world. The low food prices of the 1980's have had a very different impact on the food producing agriculture de pading on the agriculture policy implemented. - the food aid as it's presently carried out cannot be considered an effective measure against hunger, this explains the coexistence of surpluses and shortage. - contrary to the position of the world bank, the agricultural policies of developping countries must ain to master their relation with the rest of the world so as to further their own production. Before that can be done a statistical follow up the market is indispensable. - the major permanent feature of the agriculture developping countries policies is the problem of supplying the towns with food
Lacayo, Ojeda Maria Hortensia. „Structures de financement de l'agriculture mexicaine contemporaine“. Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe prupose of this thesis is to analyse if the mexicain agricultural credit system, as it has worked up until today, has actually contributed to develop the agricultural sector. The main idea to be vberified is that the agricultural credit system has not used enough financial organisational and administration resources for developping agricultural activities in mexico. The financing structures of present-day mexicain agriculture and the way the have worked, have been unable to make disappear the big differences between farmers that have always existed in the agricultural sector. First, the economic politics followed by the different governments in mexico, have not furnished the means needed by agriculture to develop, because of the priority given to other economic sectors. So, the agriculture has contributed to the country's industrialisation by supplying raw materials, cheap food, working labor and foreing currency needed for buying imported aquipment for mexicain industry. Nevertheless, agriculture has not received the push needed for is development. Not even during the important petroleum exporting period. Later on, the difficult economic conditions the country lived because of growing debt, had compelled mexico to practice very hard adjustment economic politics during the 1980's under the international monetary fund's close surveillance. Ajustment politics had provoqued hard recession, great credit restriction and growing interest rates. These factors resulted in hard agricultural credit fall and they had very bad consequences on agricultural sector performances
Dossa, Derli. „Adoption des techniques agricoles et décision des agriculteurs : le cas de producteurs de soja au Parana (Brésil)“. Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this work is to analyze the offer and the adoption of technologies by soya producers in Brazil. During a survey carried out with 370 soya producers in panama in 1987 88, an important difference was noted between the technical proposals resulting from the Embrapa CNPSoya research and their adoption by farmers. Theoretically, there was no reason for the producers not to use the technical innovations that would enable their production systems to be improved. Technical choices : how and why became the basic questions of the work. In order to analyse this problem, we used the theoretical framework and methodology mainly developed by the INRA-SAD-Dijon research workers : the theory of the adaptative behaviour of the producers in a systematic and pluridisciplinary process, case studies, research-development (action), basic implements such as typologies, production operational costs and linear programming. The conclusion of this work is that to understand the use of new technologies in production systems, a multidisciplinary and systematic work must be carried out in order to study the habits and to be aware of the producer's circumstances and projects
Matchuendem, Domguia Borelle. „Environnement économique et investissement agricole : effet de la gestion de l'offre“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69821.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSupply management (SM) in the agricultural sector creates a relatively stabilized environment for producers since this type of market regulation sets an equilibrium between agricultural supply and demand at the National level (National Level), SM determines the price received in production based on production costs and import control. Economists identify investment as a very important factor for economic growth, productivity, and market efficiency. For a long time, the relationship between SM and investment has generated a debate among experts. However, to our knowledge,no scientific analysis has specifically emphasized this relationship in recent years. This study aims to make tangible contributions to this debate by analyzing the relationship between the sectors under SM (milk, egg, chicken), the sectors that are not under SM (pork, beef, grains, and oilseeds) and investment. To achieve this, a mixed research approach has been adopted based on the exploitation of secondary data and the collection of primary data through an online survey of management and funding advisors. The results of the study showed that producers under supply management would make higher investments and in a wide range of assets than producers who are not. They would invest in "offensive" investments such as technology, land purchase, construction of buildings, modernization of equipment, machinery, and new equipment. On the other hand, producers without supply management invest in “defensive” investments such as replacement investments and investments to comply with existing standards. Other results obtained from the survey of advisors show that factors associated with the economic environment which influences agricultural investments in descending order are income stability, price stability, investment opportunities, asset availability and profit margin. Producers under SM would therefore operate in an environment that stabilizes prices and incomes, which would generate a higher profit marginand boosts investment. It equally offers guarantees to financial institutions and increases there payment capacity of the operation. These results allow us to suggest that the economic environment (with or without SM) in whicha gricultural holdings operate influences their types of investments.
Fanokoa, Pascaux Smala. „Dynamique des pratiques paysannes face à la déforestation de l'extrême sud de Madagascar“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS012S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the Androy region of southern Madagascar, farmers have been confronted with the questioning of their rights to priority access to natural resources and their agricultural practices are being evaluated. This situation is a confrontation between those promoting the protection and sustainable use of natural resources, and the farmers whose current livelihood practices depend on current extractive use. This necessitates that new practices are introduced to ensure that farmers social structures are redefined to maintain cohesion and meet livelihood needs. The Tandroy people are one of the many groups who develop based on their natural resources. An economic analysis of the productive systems within the landscape of androy is presented to provide insights into the features of the system. Two approaches are presented, firstly a socio-economic method to analyse the co-herence of the production system using natural habitat, and secondly, a socio-anthropological method to understand the position of the farmers and their strategies within their socio-cultural environment. This problem of unsustainable peasant practices is challenging to resolve and this study presents ways that a multidisciplinary approach, namely system dynamics can understand the evolution of interdependence of socioeconomic and ecological systems
Oubuih, Hmad. „Les organismes du développement agricole au Maroc : contribution à une étude des établissements publics et des sociétés étatiques ou para-étatiques du secteur agricole“. Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZongo, Wendkouni Jean-Baptiste, und Wendkouni Jean-Baptiste Zongo. „Three essays in international trade in the agricultural sector“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36446.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans cette thèse nous avons exploré trois questions de recherche sur le commerce international dans le sector agricole. Dans le premier chapitre, nous avons regardé l’implication des coûts marginaux croissants sur la durée des flux d’exportation. Les récentes études empiriques suggèrent que les firmes ont des coûts marginaux croissants. Par conséquent, les ventes d’une firme sur un marché influent sur ses coûts et sa compétitivité sur tous les marchés, et donc sur sa survie sur divers marchés d’exportation. L’objectif de mon premier essai est la mise au point d’un cadre théorique permettant d’étudier l’incidence des coûts marginaux croissants et des contraintes de capacité sur les marges extensives et intensives des échanges commerciaux et sur la durée des exportations. Contrairement au cas avec coûts marginaux constants, avec une structure convexes des coûts, une augmentation de la productivité des firmes n’induit pas obligatoirement une augmentation des destinations. Nos résultats empiriques attestent que que les exportations perdues suite aux flux terminés accroissent les exportations vers les "marchés de repli" et réduisent la probabilité d’un échec d’exportation. À l’instar des autres études sur la survie des exportations, les tarifs réduisent la probabilité de l’échec d’exportation, mais nous montrons qu’ils ont l’effet opposés lorsque l’endogénéité est résolue. Le deuxième essai s’intéresse à l’effet des maladies animales sur les flux commerciaux bilatéraux et la fermeture des frontières. Le commerce international des animaux vivants et des produits d’origine animal est très souvent entravé par les épidémies animales qui se propagent très vite entre pays. Nous nous appuyons sur un cadre empirique fondé sur le modèle de sélection multivariés pour examiner l’impact des maladies spécifiques aux animaux sur les marges extensives et intensives des flux commerciaux dans le temps. Les résultats montrent que la fièvre aphteuse et la ’encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine (ESB) ont un impact négatif sur les marges extensives et intensives du commerce des bovins et du boeuf et ce, pendant approximativement sept années. Nos résultats suggèrent que les effets des maladies animales sur la marge extensive sont plus grands que leur effets correspondants sur la marge intensive. En ce qui concerne les effets inter-espèces, la grippe aviaire et la peste porcine réduisent la probabilité et le niveau des échanges de bovins et de boeufs. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous estimons l’effet d’une élimination hypothétique des maladies animales sur les flux commerciaux. Plus spécifiquement, nous examinons comment ESB et la fièvre aphteuse impactent les flux commerciaux de viande bovine. Le modèle de gravité structurelle sectorielle est utilisé pour mésurer les effets directs, conditionnels et globaux, en permettant ainsi aux indices de résistance multilatéraux entrants et sortants et aux prix à la production de s’ajuster à l’éradication des maladies animales. Les canaux indirects par lesquels l’ESB et la fièvre aphteuse influent sur le commerce sont importants. Notre expérience contrefactuelle suggère que le Canada serait l’un des pays tirant le meilleur parti de l’éradication de l’ESB et de la fièvre aphteuse.
In standard trade models with constant average cost, the firm’s sales in any given market is related to other markets only through price indices which are treated as exogenous in the firm’s optimization. With cost convexity, the firm’s decision in any given market is directly tied to sales in other markets through an index aggregating the trade cost-adjusted market size of the destinations supplied by the firm. The difference made by increasing costs is that the firm is cognizant that by changing its sales in a given destination it changes its unit cost for all destinations. This in turn triggers extensive and intensive margins adjustments. In the first essay, we develop a theoretical framework to address the incidence of increasing marginal costs and capacity constraints on trade at the extensive and the intensive margins and on export duration. Under convex costs, an increase in productivity may not increase the number of destinations supplied by a firm, making "ins and outs", not just new entries. We generated empirical evidence in support of the aforementioned trade adjustments by assessing the incidence of lagged foregone exports on exports to "fallback markets" and on export survival. Exports to the fallback markets systematically increase in response to foregone sales from terminated trade flows. Similarly, the sum of foregone sales from terminated trade flows make existing trade flows more resilient, less prone to an export failure. A distinguishing feature of our survival models is that they test and correct for the endogeneity of tariffs. Previous studies reported peculiar results about the incidence of tariff on export survival. We too find wrong signs when tariff is treated as an exogenous variable, but we find that higher tariffs increase the likelihood of export failures when tariff endogeneity is addressed. The second essay investigates the dynamic impacts of animal disease outbreak on cattle and beef trade accounting for vertical linkage between cattle and beef. The empirical framework features a multi-sample selection model (MSSM) to investigate how animal-specific diseases affect aggregate trade flows at the extensive and intensive margins of trade in livestock and meat products over time, accounting for constraints imposed by the technological linkages between livestock and meat productions. The spontaneous emergence of foot and mouth disease adversely impacts the extensive and intensive margins of trade in cattle and beef for seven years. Our results show that the extensive margin effects of the disease outbreak are larger than its corresponding intensive margin effects. Regarding cross-species effects, the avian flu and swine fever reduce the probability and the level of trade in cattle and beef. The third essay studies a counterfactual experiment about the elimination of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the foot and mouth diseases (FMD) on beef trade flows. Disease outbreak alerts typically prompt importing countries to impose trade bans. The bans vary a lot across importing countries in terms of product coverage and duration. We rely on a unique balanced panel dataset that covers 4-digit disaggregated beef product over the 1996-2013 period. Previous gravity studies reported only partial trade flow effects. However, a large shock like the complete elimination of BSE and FMD diseases must affect the inward and outward multilateral resistance indices (i.e., the importing countries’ barriers on beef imports from all sources and the trade barriers faced by exporting countries in all destinations), factory-gate prices, consumer expenditures and the value of beef production in exporting countries. Our results confirm that the indirect channels through which BSE and FMD impact trade are important when it comes to measuring welfare gains. Interestingly, our counterfactual experiment suggests that Canada would be one of the countries gaining the most from BSE and FMD eradication.
In standard trade models with constant average cost, the firm’s sales in any given market is related to other markets only through price indices which are treated as exogenous in the firm’s optimization. With cost convexity, the firm’s decision in any given market is directly tied to sales in other markets through an index aggregating the trade cost-adjusted market size of the destinations supplied by the firm. The difference made by increasing costs is that the firm is cognizant that by changing its sales in a given destination it changes its unit cost for all destinations. This in turn triggers extensive and intensive margins adjustments. In the first essay, we develop a theoretical framework to address the incidence of increasing marginal costs and capacity constraints on trade at the extensive and the intensive margins and on export duration. Under convex costs, an increase in productivity may not increase the number of destinations supplied by a firm, making "ins and outs", not just new entries. We generated empirical evidence in support of the aforementioned trade adjustments by assessing the incidence of lagged foregone exports on exports to "fallback markets" and on export survival. Exports to the fallback markets systematically increase in response to foregone sales from terminated trade flows. Similarly, the sum of foregone sales from terminated trade flows make existing trade flows more resilient, less prone to an export failure. A distinguishing feature of our survival models is that they test and correct for the endogeneity of tariffs. Previous studies reported peculiar results about the incidence of tariff on export survival. We too find wrong signs when tariff is treated as an exogenous variable, but we find that higher tariffs increase the likelihood of export failures when tariff endogeneity is addressed. The second essay investigates the dynamic impacts of animal disease outbreak on cattle and beef trade accounting for vertical linkage between cattle and beef. The empirical framework features a multi-sample selection model (MSSM) to investigate how animal-specific diseases affect aggregate trade flows at the extensive and intensive margins of trade in livestock and meat products over time, accounting for constraints imposed by the technological linkages between livestock and meat productions. The spontaneous emergence of foot and mouth disease adversely impacts the extensive and intensive margins of trade in cattle and beef for seven years. Our results show that the extensive margin effects of the disease outbreak are larger than its corresponding intensive margin effects. Regarding cross-species effects, the avian flu and swine fever reduce the probability and the level of trade in cattle and beef. The third essay studies a counterfactual experiment about the elimination of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the foot and mouth diseases (FMD) on beef trade flows. Disease outbreak alerts typically prompt importing countries to impose trade bans. The bans vary a lot across importing countries in terms of product coverage and duration. We rely on a unique balanced panel dataset that covers 4-digit disaggregated beef product over the 1996-2013 period. Previous gravity studies reported only partial trade flow effects. However, a large shock like the complete elimination of BSE and FMD diseases must affect the inward and outward multilateral resistance indices (i.e., the importing countries’ barriers on beef imports from all sources and the trade barriers faced by exporting countries in all destinations), factory-gate prices, consumer expenditures and the value of beef production in exporting countries. Our results confirm that the indirect channels through which BSE and FMD impact trade are important when it comes to measuring welfare gains. Interestingly, our counterfactual experiment suggests that Canada would be one of the countries gaining the most from BSE and FMD eradication.
Letort, Elodie. „Modélisation micro-économétrique des choix de production des agriculteurs“. Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrébuil, Guy. „Sathing Phra : un système agraire en crise au sud de la Thaïlande“. Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INAPA010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlancard, Stéphane. „Contraintes financières et développement des exploitations agricoles“. La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_17_Blancard.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe problem of credit constraints and rationing is particularly severe in agriculture. It can be explained by the nature of agricultural activity or the farms'characteristucs. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of credit constraints on farm development. After a descriptive study of French agriculture and its increasing credit needs, three microeconomic approaches are developed to analyze, respectively : the interaction between investment and credit, the impact of credit constraints on the profitability and the influence of financial parameters on productive orientations and investment decisions. .
Attia, Adel. „Adoption de nouvelles variétés de blé en Egypte : essai de modélisation à partir des exploitations représentatives“. Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSemi-dwarf wheat varieties have been slow to diffuse in upper- Egypt "quena"- region despite their superior grain yield. Egyptian wheat farmers in nil-delta and in upper Egypt are faced with a choice between traditional and high yielding wheat varieties. The phd attempts to identify an explanations for partial land allocation to new (first & second generation) and traditional seed varieties in hyv adoption decisions. The model which is based on mathematical programing showed that small farmers (with or without credit constraints) appear to involve multiple objectives. They are safety-first behavior and risk adversion. Results suggest that within the technological and institutional constraints they face, big farmers appear to act as profit maximizers
Chiotaki, Amalia. „Organisation de la production rurale et crédit agricole en Epire : le cas d'Arta (1881-1912)“. Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE2013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFoko, Emmanuel. „Le systeme d'epargne rurale : analyse du fonctionnement et des performances dans l'ouest cameroun“. Lyon 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO22009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom the general hypothesis that the rural sector can mobilise internal financial resources through savings to support its development, this thesis analyses the functioning and assess performances of the rural saving system of cameroon, using the west province as a case study. A field survey was carried, and followed by both quantitative and qualitative analysis to assess saving behaviour of rural populations and understand the institutional setting of the saving collection system, in order to determine its performances. The study of individual saving behaviour, using a socieconomic approach shows that there is a broad diversity in saving practices recorded, but they can be classified into savings in kind and savings in cash. The results obtained also show that economic factors, including interest rate play a limited role as saving determinants. They are overwhelmed by social factors which appear to be more important than expected. Savers attach a great importance to the security of their savings, which are mainly used to finance investment projects. The saving system was then divides into three components : informal, semi-formal and formal for analytical purposes. A performance evaluation matrix was designed, using both social and economic criteria, and combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. Its application to the saving collection system shows a sizeable disparity among the various components. The major conclusion is that despite its limitations, the rural saving system can mobilise enough funds for appropriate funding of the rural sector, provided some adjustments are made, including state intervention to secure adequate funding for agriculture and to preserve food security in the country
Chiotaki, Amalia. „Organisation de la production rurale et crédit agricole en Epire : le cas d'Arta (1881-1912)“. Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICEA002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEadan, Abdulsattar. „L'analyse des coûts dans les projets agricoles en Irak“. Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnalysis of costs in agricultural production raises two questions. First, that of the benefits to be obtained from the analysis ; and second, that of its possibilities, its limits, and the methods to be developed in order to complete the analysis. The benefits to be obtained are dependent upon political, social and economic considerations on the production unit level as well as on the macro-economic level. However, the requirement of a minimum of information relative to the analysis cannot be ignored. Difficulties mainly come from the specificity of the agricultural production, but means can be designed to overcome these difficulties, provided that they do not depart from the objectives to be reached. The iraki agricultural projects, in all their aspects, constitute the field of application of this study