Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Agricultural use of countryside.
Dissertationen zum Thema „Agricultural use of countryside“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Agricultural use of countryside" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Forsythe, Heather L. „Conflict in the countryside, agricultural land use disputes in Kings County, Nova Scotia“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ36441.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
2
Baneth, Marie-Helene O. „The use of market-based mechanisms to generate environment goods and services in the European countryside : the case for auctions“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339773.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
3
Demirciler, Volkan. „Agricultural Practices And Countryside In Classical Greece“. Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608185/index.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The subject of this study is the rural settlements in Classical Greece. There is no doubt that there were various factors determined the ancient settlement patterns in Greek countryside. Geographical conditions, socio-economic and political structures can be regarded as major significant factors behind the settlement practices of ancient societies. In this study the relationships between agricultural system and rural settlements of Classical Greece will be examined.
4
Haslem, Angie, und angie haslem@deakin edu au. „Landscape Pattern, Countryside Heterogeneity and Bird Conservation in Agricultural Environments“. Deakin University. Life and Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20090114.101341.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Agricultural environments are critical to the conservation of biota throughout the world. This is due both to the limited extent of current reserve systems and the large, and still expanding, proportion of terrestrial environments already dominated by agricultural land-uses. Consequently, there is a growing call from scientists around the world for the need to maximise the conservation value of agricultural environments. Efforts to identify key influences on the conservation status of fauna in agricultural landscapes have taken complementary approaches. Many studies have focussed on the role of remnant or semi-natural vegetation, and emphasised the influence on biota of spatial patterns in the landscape. Others have recognised that many species use diverse countryside elements (matrix habitats) within farmland, and emphasise the benefits of landscape heterogeneity for conservation. Here, these research themes have been combined. This study takes a whole-of-landscape approach to investigating how landscape pattern and countryside heterogeneity influence the occurrence of birds in agricultural environments. Birds were sampled in 27 agricultural mosaics, each 1 km x 1 km in size (100 ha), in Gippsland, south-eastern Australia. Mosaics were selected to incorporate variation in two landscape properties: the cover of native vegetation, and richness of different types of element (i.e. land-uses/vegetation types). In each mosaic, 15 fixed sampling locations were stratified among seven different elements in proportion to their cover in the mosaic: native vegetation, linear vegetation, tree plantation, scattered paddock trees, pasture, wetlands and farm dams. Six point counts of birds were undertaken at all sample points in each mosaic: three each in the breeding and non-breeding months of a one-year period (October 2004 August 2005). Independent measures of the composition, configuration, and heterogeneity of elements in the mosaic had differing effects on the richness of bird species recorded in these same mosaics. Sub-groups of birds based on habitat requirements responded most strongly to the extent of preferred element types in mosaics. Woodland birds (those of greatest conservation concern in farmland environments in Australia) were richer in mosaics with higher cover of native vegetation while open-tolerant species responded to the extent of scattered trees. In contrast, for total species richness, mosaic heterogeneity (richness of element types) and landscape context (cover of native vegetation in surrounding area) had the greatest influence. Mosaic structural properties also influenced the composition of entire bird assemblages in study mosaics. Avifaunal composition showed systematic variation along two main gradients which were readily interpreted in relation to landscape properties: 1) a gradient in the cover of wooded vegetation and, 2) the proportional composition of vegetation types in the mosaic. These gradients represent common trajectories of landscape modification associated with agricultural development: namely, the removal of wooded vegetation and the replacement of native species with exotic vegetation (e.g. crops and plantations). Species possessing different characteristics in relation to three avian life-history traits (nest type, feeding guild and clutch size) varied significantly in their position along these gradients of landscape modification. Species with different nesting requirements showed a strong relationship with the gradient in wooded vegetation cover while species belonging to different feeding guilds were influenced by the gradient defined by the replacement of native vegetation with exotic species. More bird species were recorded in native vegetation than in any other type of element sampled in this study. Nevertheless, most countryside elements had value for many species; particularly structurally complex elements such as scattered trees and tree plantation. Further, each type of landscape element contained different bird assemblages. Species that were recorded in a greater number of different types of landscape element were also recorded in more mosaics. This was true for all species and for woodland birds, and indicates that species that can use a greater range of countryside elements may have an increased tolerance of future landscape modification. The richness of woodland species at survey sites in different elements was influenced by features of the mosaic in which they occurred. Notably, the richness of woodland bird species recorded at sites in scattered trees and pasture increased with a greater cover of native vegetation in the overall mosaic. Of the overall pool of woodland bird species documented in the broader study region, 35% of species were not recorded in the agricultural mosaics sampled here. While many of these species were uncommon in the study area, or were associated with vegetation communities infrequently sampled in mosaics, this shows that conservation efforts in agricultural landscapes will not be appropriate for all species. For those woodland species that were recorded, measures of the extent of wooded vegetation cover had a strong, positive influence on the frequency of occurrence of individual species in mosaics. Thus, individual species of woodland bird occurred more frequently in mosaics with a greater cover of wooded vegetation. Nine woodland species showed a stronger response to measures of vegetation cover that included tree plantation and/or scattered trees than to the cover of native vegetation alone. For these species, structurally complex countryside elements provide valuable supplementary habitat at the landscape scale. Results of this study show that landscape properties influence the occurrence of birds in agricultural mosaics. The extent of cover of element types, particularly native vegetation, had the strongest influence on all measures of bird occurrence in mosaics. Thus, native vegetation is vital for the persistence of birds in farmland landscapes and is the primary element on which conservation efforts in these environments depend. Nevertheless, with careful management, countryside elements may provide additional conservation benefits for many bird species. Countryside elements made an important contribution to landscape heterogeneity, the landscape property with greatest influence on overall bird richness in mosaics. Countryside elements also increased the structural complexity of cleared agricultural land, and so have the capacity to enhance connectivity in fragmented landscapes. A focus on these factors (landscape heterogeneity and structural complexity) will provide the greatest opportunities for using countryside elements to increase the conservation value of farmland environments for native fauna. The relatively small scale of this study indicates that the cumulative effect of even small elements in farm mosaics contributes to the structural properties of entire landscapes. Critically, this emphasises the important contribution that individual landholders can make to nature conservation in agricultural environments.
5
Potter, C. „Countryside change in lowland England : A survey of farmer investment behaviour“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370394.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Guhl, Andrés. „Coffee and landscape change in the Colombian countryside 1970-2002“. [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003960.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
7
So, Wai-kong. „The unofficial countryside : ecological management outside protected areas /“. View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34739397.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
8
Jameson, Alan. „Obstacles and Opportunities for Microcredit Companies Developing in the Countryside“. The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253543053.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
9
Cadieux, Kirsten Valentine. „Imagining exurbia, narratives of land use in the residential countryside“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63050.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
10
So, Wai-kong, und 蘇偉綱. „The unofficial countryside: ecological management outside protected areas“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013214.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
11
Vittuari, Matteo <1977>. „The forgotten countryside: agricultural development in the Western Balkans. A case study of Republika Srpska“. Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1164/.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
12
Landgren, Sara. „Non-use of Digital Health Meeting Services Among Swedish Elderly Living in the Countryside“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414834.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Digital consultations in primary care have the advantage of offering equal healthcare for people residing in the countryside. While it is gaining acceptance among young- and middle-aged people, the elderly are reluctant to use it. The aim of this study was hence to identify reasons for non-use among elderly in the countryside and describe perceived possible challenges and opportunities with digital consultations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 persons over 65 years old residing in the Swedish countryside. There was a mistrust for services offered by private companies and their public funding, a lack of knowledge of available services, and a lack of perceived usefulness. Personal interaction and continuity was more important than time or travel conveniences, although these advantages were recognized. To prevent digital exclusion, caregivers need to offer information, encouragement, or tools for the elderly. Digital primary care also needs to offer familiarity, with continuity and personal connections.
13
Fontes, Francisco Pereira. „Essays in agricultural economics“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3714/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis explores topics in Agricultural Economics and is composed of five papers. In the first paper (Chapter 2), a latent-class stochastic frontier model is used to estimate efficiency scores of farmers in Ethiopia. Compared to conventional models, which assume a unique frontier, much lower inefficiencies are found, suggesting that part of the inefficiencies uncovered in the literature could be an artefact of the methods used. The second paper (Chapter 3) revisits the link between cereal diversity and productivity using a panel dataset in Ethiopia. The results suggest that the positive effect between cereal diversity and productivity becomes much smaller when households who produce teff (a low-productivity and high-value crop) are excluded from the sample, hinting at the possibility that results could be driven by yield differentials between cereals, rather than diversity. The third paper (Chapter 4) estimates the labour impacts of the adoption of Soil and Water Conservation technologies (SWC) in Ethiopia. The results suggest that adopting SWC technologies leads to an increase in adult and child labour. Understanding the labour impacts is important in itself, but it also raises concerns about using impact evaluation methods that require no change in inputs as an identifying assumption of impacts. Paper 4 (Chapter 5), assesses the pertinence of a drought index that has recently been proposed in the literature by Yu and Babcock (2010) and argues that it defines drought too narrowly. An extension to this index is proposed and we show, using a dataset of Indian districts, that the original index is likely to underestimate the impacts of drought. In Paper 5 (Chapter 6), we identify data-driven ranges of rainfall for which the marginal effects of a rainfall-temperature index (RTI) are different and then we discuss how the impacts of drought have changed over the 1966-2009 period in India. Finally, Chapter 7 concludes.
14
Sheikh-Hassani, G. H. „Agricultural land use change in Gilan, Iran“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382182.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
15
Barretto, Alberto Giaroli de Oliveira Pereira. „Agricultural land-use expansion dynamics in Brazil“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-28032013-110939/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Brazil is one of the most important global agricultural players. In the last decades, agricultural production has increased drastically as a result of expansion in area and productivity growth, which made Brazil a worldwide leading producer of beef, soybean, sugar, ethanol broiler and coffee. The difficulties of world stock renewal and the sharp consumption increase especially of grains such as corn, soybean and wheat result in favorable conditions for agricultural leading regions to continue increasing production. However, there is a lack of evidence-based research at large scale that address complex land-use changes dynamics related to agricultural growth of area and productivity. The purpose of this thesis is to approach controversial or under-investigated key-points of this central issue by using spatial modeling and open access databases. First, the availability of areas suitable for cropland expansion was estimated trough a spatially explicit model at national scale. Second, the effects of productivity changes on area changes were investigated both for pasture and cropland by a long-term retrospective spatial analysis that covered the period 1960-2006. Third, a comprehensive and effective spatial model using key variables was developed to identify the Brazilian agricultural frontier. Forth, the relationship between deforestation, cropland expansion and pasture expansion was analyzed in the Legal Amazon region and evidences for a better understanding of causal-effect relation in land-use change were suggested. The assembly of papers led to the following main findings: (i) Brazil has a huge amount of land covered by pastures (122 million hectares) with suitable biophysical conditions for intensive crop production; (ii) Historically, there is a clear distinction in landuse dynamics between agriculturally consolidated areas and the agricultural frontier. In agriculturally consolidated areas, cropland yield increases have been associated with pasture intensification and stability or contraction in total farmland area. In contrast, in agricultural frontier areas, cropland yield increases have been associated with agricultural expansion; (iii) Spatial examination of land use transitions since 1960 illustrates the expansion and gradual movement of the agricultural frontier towards the inland of Brazil. However, it also suggests the possible initiation of a reversed trend, i.e. agricultural contraction, in steep areas of the Southeast within the Atlantic Forest biome, which might be in line with the Forest Transition theory (FT); (iv) In Legal Amazon during 2000-2009, cattle population growth, cropland expansion and deforestation were in general concurrent at the municipal level, suggesting a need for modifying the widespread notion of cropland expansion in consolidated regions as a prime causal factor of indirect deforestation through displacement of pastures from these regions to frontier regions.O Brasil tem uma importante atuação na agricultura mundial. Nas últimas décadas, a produção agrícola tem aumentado intensamente como resultado da expansão tanto em área quanto em produtividade, levando o Brasil a se tornar um produtor líder mundial de carne bovina, soja, açúcar, frango e café. As dificuldades de renovação de estoques mundiais e o aumento acentuado do consumo, especialmente de grãos tais como milho, soja e trigo resultam em condições favoráveis para as principais regiões agrícolas continuarem aumentando a produção. No entanto, há uma falta de pesquisas com base empírica em grande escala que abordem a complexa dinâmica das mudanças no uso da terra relacionadas ao crescimento agrícola de área e de produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho é abordar os controversos ou pouco investigados pontos essenciais desta questão central por meio de modelagem espacial e bases de dados de acesso aberto. Em primeiro lugar, a disponibilidade de áreas adequadas para a expansão da lavoura foi estimada por meio de um modelo espacialmente explícito em escala nacional. Em seguida, os efeitos das mudanças de produtividade sobre as mudanças de área foram investigados tanto para pastagem e agricultura através de uma análise espacial retrospectiva de longo prazo que abrangeu o período de 1960 a 2006. Posteriormente, um modelo espacial eficaz utilizando variáveischave de levantamento periódico por órgãos oficiais foi desenvolvido para identificar a fronteira agrícola brasileira. Por fim, foi analisada a relação entre desmatamento, expansão da lavoura e expansão da pastagem na região da Amazônia Legal e foram sugeridas evidências para um melhor entendimento da relação entre causa e efeito na mudança do uso da terra. O conjunto de artigos conduziu às seguintes principais conclusões: (i) O Brasil tem uma enorme quantidade de terras cobertas por pastagens (122 milhões de hectares) com condiçoes favoráveis para produção intensiva de culturas agrícolas anuais. (ii) Historicamente, há uma distinção clara na dinâmica de uso da terra entre as áreas agriculturáveis já consolidadas e a fronteira agrícola. Em áreas agrícolas consolidadas, aumentos na produtividade têm sido associados à intensificação de pastagens e à estabilidade ou a diminuição da área agrícola total. Por outro lado, em áreas de fronteira agrícola, o aumento na produtividade tem sido associado com a expansão agrícola. (iii) A análise espacial de transições de uso da terra desde 1960 ilustra a expansão e o movimento gradual da fronteira agrícola em direção ao interior do Brasil. No entanto, também sugere a possível abertura de uma tendência inversa, ou seja, contração agrícola em áreas íngremes do Sudeste dentro do bioma Mata Atlântica, que pode estar de acordo com a teoria da transição florestal (FT). (iv) Na Amazônia Legal, entre 2000 e 2009, crescimento do efetivo bovino, a expansão da agricultura e o desmatamento aconteceram, em geral, de forma silmultânea nos municípios, sugerindo a necessidade de modificar a noção generalizada da expansão de áreas cultiváveis em regiões consolidadas como um fator primordial para o desmatamento indireto por meio do deslocamento de pastagens dessas regiões para regiões de fronteira agrícola.
16
Paul, Robert Myers. „Use of woodchip for agricultural livestock bedding“. Thesis, Bangor University, 2013. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/use-of-woodchip-for-agricultural-livestock-bedding(d26f7f1e-7f99-40fc-80f1-8faf8a39da19).html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Straw price increases due to biofuel demand have created a perceived need within the agricultural industry to investigate and develop alternative bedding materials for housing ruminant livestock. This thesis addresses the suitability of woodchip, as such an alternative, indoor bedding material for livestock, focusing particularly on management of the soiled bedding, its nutrient composition, its use as an agronomic resource and its economic viability within the Welsh farming sector. In all studies, straw was used as the benchmark to which the woodchip treatments were compared. Many studies have investigated the use of woodchip in out-winter pads (OWP), but the material’s indoor performance and in particular, its potential for re-use, is not well documented. Two independent housing trials, both including sheep and cattle, were conducted. The first trial (ADAS) assessed the effect of different initial woodchip moisture contents on the performance of the bedding material and its subsequent composting. The second trial (IGER) evaluated the effects of hay and silage diets on woodchip’s bedding and composting performance. The ADAS trial showed that woodchip’s absorbency capacity and physical shape were critical in determining its bedding and composting success. In comparison to differences determined by bedding materials and livestock characteristics, the IGER trial suggested that dietary inputs had little influence on the woodchip’s bedding and composting performance. Overall, the results indicate that composting of spent woodchip bedding was less effective than that of straw bedding, due to the lack of available N which limited microbial activity. The limited breakdown of the woodchips during composting, however, does potentially allow the re-use of the bedding materials for further housing cycles. Barley sown growth trials, amended with composted bedding materials showed that woodchip composts yielded reduced biomass in comparison to conventional NPK based fertilisers and straw bedding compost. When the coarse woody fraction of the compost was removed (>8 mm in diameter), leaving just the fine (< 8mm) nutrient-enriched fraction, plant growth performance was slightly enhanced at application rates equivalent to 100 t ha-1. Estimates of N loss from woodchip treatments were high during housing, but limited during composting due to a generic lack of available nutrients, compared to straw. Using economic modelling, a cost/benefit analysis of woodchip bedding versus straw showed that woodchip is more cost efficient than straw on the condition it is re-used. In summary, the thesis concludes that woodchip is a potentially viable alternative to straw bedding for Welsh farmers, on condition of specific management practices. Future work is required to identify and mitigate N losses during the woodchip bedding phase.
17
Umbarger-Mackey, Michelle Lynn. „Age, medication use, and nonfatal agricultural injury“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1411.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This descriptive and analytic study used a secondary data set to describe and compare medication use and agricultural injury experiences between younger (≤54 years old) and older (≥55 years old) farmers; and to examine the relationship between the use of specific classes of medication and reported agricultural injury. The study sample included a total of 316 farmers, age 26 to 80 years old; 103 older farmers (33%), and 210 younger farmers (66%). This cohort of farmers sustained a total of 318 nonfatal agricultural injuries.
No statistical difference was found in the mean number of injuries sustained by older and younger farmers. The injury rate for the whole cohort of farmers was 41.95 injuries/100 years; older farmers' injury rate was 38.35 injuries/100 person-years, while younger farmers' was 44.01 injuries/100 person-years. Older farmers were more likely to report taking a medication than the younger farmers (OR: 3.08; 95% CI: 1.94-4.92). Older farmers had statistically significant greater odds of reporting the use of several medication classes/subclasses than the younger farmers, including: hormones; cardiac medications such as: ACE inhibitors, blood pressure medications, alpha blockers, and beta blockers, and finally central nervous system medications such as pain medications. Older farmers were also found to report taking more medications than younger farmers.
Multiple logistic regression analysis using GEE was used to examine the association between using specific classes of medication and agricultural injury, taking into consideration a myriad of confounding factors. Agricultural work exposures associated with injury included noise (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02-1.90), chemical/pesticide use (OR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.39-2.55), heavy lifting (1.55, 95% CI: 1.06-2.28) and raising livestock (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.08-2.06).
Medication classes significantly associated with an increased risk for agricultural injury included taking two different types of heart medications: beta blockers (OR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.07-4.97) and ACE inhibitors (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.15-6.46). Farmers taking a blood formation/coagulation medication were found to have less risk of injury (OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28-0.93) than those not on a blood formation/coagulation medication. When exploring the issue of polypharmacy, no medication interactions were found to be significant. Yet, the number of cardiac medications taken per quarter was found to be statistically significant. The odds of nonfatal agricultural injury were lower with the use of more than one cardiac medication (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-.0.94) compared to a farmer taking no cardiac medications.
Health conditions related to agricultural injury included depression and several interaction terms between taking medication and general health status. Farmers reporting their depression level as medium had a lower risk for nonfatal agricultural injury (OR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.95) compared to farmers reporting their depression as being low. Finally, several interactions between taking medication and general health status were statistically significant. These interactions illuminate two trends: 1) farmers in excellent/very good/good health have lower odds of injury if they are not taking medication versus if they did take medication, and 2) farmers with poor health have decreased odds of injury if they took mediation versus if they did not take medication.
This research contributes to the limited knowledge base regarding medication use and agricultural injury by identifying classes and subclasses of medications that are associated with nonfatal agricultural injury, as well as identifying an important interaction between general health status and medication use in regards to nonfatal agricultural injury.
18
黃梅 und Mui Christina Wong. „Agricultural land use planning and management in Guangdong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259315.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
19
Hassan, Refaat Abdel-Salam. „Economic efficiency of the use of agricultural resources“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293315.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
20
Wong, Mui Christina. „Agricultural land use planning and management in guangdong /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18153604.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
21
Falconer, Katherine. „Environmental policy and the use of agricultural pesticides“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271974.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
22
Marchetti, Ezio. „Use of Agricultural Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials“. Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Global cement production is continuously increasing from 1990 till 2050 and growing particularly rapidly in developing countries, where it represents a crucial element for infrastructure development and industrialisation. Every tonne of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced releases, on average, about 800 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere, or, in total, the overall production of cement represents roughly 7% of all man-made carbon emissions. The present paper aims to deepen the re-use of agricultural solid waste materials as partial replacement of OPC, which can positively contribute to the sustainability of the concrete industry because of their availability and environmental friendliness. In particular, rice-husk ash (RHA) and oat-husk ash (OHA), burned under the right conditions, can have a high reactive silica content, representing very potential pozzolans. The mechanical and physical characteristics of both materials are investigated to evaluate the influence on concrete properties. Subsequently, using the environmental product declarations (EPDs) of the material used, a comparative environmental impact analysis between RHA concrete and ordinary concrete having the same resistance class, is presented. It is concluded that the use of RHA as supplementary cementitious material can serve a viable and sustainable partial replacement to OPC for the reduction of CO2 emissions and global warming potential.Den globala cementproduktionen ökar från 1990 till 2050 och växer särskilt snabbt i utvecklingsländer, där den utgör en viktig del för infrastrukturutveckling och industrialisering. Varje ton vanligt portlandcement (OPC) släpper i genomsnitt ut cirka 800 kg koldioxid i atmosfären, och, totalt, representerar den totala cementproduktionen ungefär 7% av alla koldioxidutsläpp från mänsklig verksamhet. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att fördjupa kunskapen om och därmed i förlängningen återanvändningen av fasta avfallsmaterial från jordbruket som delvis ersättning av OPC, vilket kan bidra till hållbarheten i betongindustrin på grund av deras tillgänglighet och miljövänlighet. I synnerhet kan risskalaska (RHA) och havreskalaska (OHA), som bränns under rätt process, ha en hög reaktiv kiseldioxidhalt, vilket representerar mycket potentiella puzzolaner. De mekaniska och fysiska egenskaperna hos båda materialen har undersökts för att utvärdera deras inverkan på betongegenskaper. Därefter presenteras en jämförande miljökonsekvensanalys mellan RHA-betong och OPC-betong med samma motståndsklass med användning av miljövarudeklaration (EPD) för det använda materialet. Man drar slutsatsen att användningen av RHA som alternativt bindemedel (SCM) till OPC kan hjälpa till att minska koldioxidutsläppen och den globala uppvärmningspotentialen.
23
Mbogo, David K. „Explaining use or non-use of farm credit by small scale farmers in the Nyeri district of Kenya /“. This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01202010-020305/.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
24
Kaufmann, Manfred. „Multi criteria evaluation of land restoration for agricultural use /“. Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17744.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
25
Xu, Wei. „Agricultural land use change in relation to agroecosystem health“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq27473.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
26
Moxey, Andrew Paul. „Agricultural economics within the NERC/ESRC Land Use Programme“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285319.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
27
Bishop, Carol Dennise. „Economics of reducing agricultural water use in Northwestern Nevada“. abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456413.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
28
Estel, Stephan. „Mapping patterns of agricultural land-use intensity across Europe“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17583.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Die weltweite Bevölkerungszunahme, sich ändernde Ernährungsgewohnheiten, und die Nachfrage nach Bioenergie erfordern eine Erhöhung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion. Die Intensivierung bestehender landwirtschaftlicher Flächen ist hierbei eine mögliche Option. Allerdings verstehen wir nur wenig von den räumlichen Mustern der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungsintensität, da adäquate Datensätze fehlen. Europa ist eine beispielhafte Region, in der eine Intensivierung als auch ein Rückgang der Landnutzung stattfindet. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es Methoden zu entwickeln, die MODIS NDVI Zeitreihen und statistische Daten kombinieren und eine europaweite Kartierung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungsintensität ermöglichen. Für eine Einschätzung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungsintensität wurden eine Reihe von Intensitätsindikatoren entwickelt und kartiert. Die resultierenden Karten zeigen eine hohe Landnutzungsintensität in West- und Zentraleuropa und dem Mittelmeerraum, gekennzeichnet durch Mehrfachernten und langen Anbauzeiten. Gebiete mit niedriger Intensität lagen in Osteuropa, in Gebirgsregionen sowie in der Extremadura in Spanien, wo Brachland und die Aufgabe von Agrarflächen häufig sind. Die Aufgabe von Agrarflächen ist ein aktueller Prozess der Landnutzungsveränderung in Osteuropa, während die gleichzeitige Rekultivierung ehemaliger Agrarflächen ebenfalls umfassend ist. Diese räumlichen Muster lassen sich mit unterschiedlichen Agrarumweltbedingungen begründen aber auch mit sozioökonomischen Veränderungen wie die Restrukturierung des osteuropäischen Agrarsektors nach 1989 oder die Marginalisierung landwirtschaftlicher Flächen insbesondere in Gebirgsregionen. Die entstandenen Karten belegen das Potential von MODIS NDVI Zeitreihen, komplexe Phänomene landwirtschaftlicher Nutzungsintensität zu erfassen. Diese könnten genutzt werden um Umweltfolgen der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion zu bewerten oder Zielregionen für eine nachhaltige Intensivierung zu identifizieren.Global population growth, changing diets, and the demand of bioenergy require an increase in agricultural production. Intensifying agricultural production is one pathway to meet increasing demands. However, our understanding of spatial patterns of agricultural land use remains weak since adequate data sets are lacking. Europe is as a prime example for a region that is undergoing both, intensification as well as decreasing agricultural land use. The goal of this doctoral thesis was to develop methodologies that combine MODIS NDVI time series and agricultural statistics to map spatial patterns of land-use intensity across Europe. To assess land-use intensity, a wide range of intensity indicators were mapped. The resulting maps revealed high-intensity areas in Western and Central Europe and the Mediterranean region, characterized by multi-harvests and long crop duration. Low-intensity areas are mostly located in Eastern Europe, in mountain regions and the Extremadura in Spain, where fallow and abandonment land are widespread. Agricultural abandonment is an ongoing land-use change process in Eastern Europe. At the same time, recultivation of formerly abandoned land is widespread as well. These spatial patterns are the result of agro-environmental conditions but also of changes in socio-economic conditions such as the restructuring of the agricultural sector in eastern European countries after 1989, or the marginalization of farmland especially in mountain regions. The resulting maps show the potential of MODIS time series to assess the complex phenomenon of land-use intensity. They may form a basis to assess the environmental outcomes of agricultural production and to identify target regions for sustainable intensification.
29
Hartis, Amber Elaine. „Hydrogen sulfide monitor education for use in agricultural operations“. Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6955.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas commonly produced in manure pits. When the manure is disturbed through manure handling activities such as pressure washing, agitating, and pumping out manure, H2S is released. During these activities H2S concentrations increase quickly and reach hazardous concentrations. Many fatalities from high H2S concentrations during manure handling activities have been reported internationally as well as in the Midwest.
Occupations in general industry that have identified the potential for high H2S concentrations use monitors to warn worker of high H2S concentrations. However, in agriculture the adoption of H2S monitors is low. To encourage farmers to adopt H2S monitors, interactive training materials were created. Displays were deployed to locations that farmers frequent such as agricultural stores, extension offices, and cooperatives. Agricultural stores are defined here as locations that sell agricultural supplies wholesale, or retail, and services. These displays contained educational materials, two H2S monitors, and two types of bump testing gas for farmers to use. Along with the display passive trainings, six in-person trainings were completed where participants filled out surveys. The survey asked questions about the farmers knowledge and use of H2S monitors, likelihood of purchasing a H2S monitor in the future, easiest bump testing gas to use and the one preferred for future bump testing, and the location that farmers would prefer to go to for bump testing and monitor education.
Survey participants were placed into two groups: livestock producers and commercial manure applicators. A total of 43 surveys were completed by these groups. The majority of both livestock producers and commercial manure applicators knew what H2S monitors were, but less than half of the participants actually used H2S monitors. Outreach focusing on H2S monitor use and maintenance should be continued. Hydrogen sulfide monitor use and maintenance training had the more attendance when added to an already existing training or meeting such as the manure applicator trainings or livestock producer meetings.
In the survey, livestock producers and commercial manure applicators were asked the easiest type of bump testing gas where both groups chose that the calibration gas is easiest to use. When prices were included in the survey question for both bump testing gas systems, many more of livestock producers and commercial manure applicators responded that they could see themselves using neither in the future. Price of bump testing systems ($130-$220) can be a potential barrier for some farmers to not bump test their monitors, it would be beneficial for multiple farmers to share one bump testing system.
Putting a bump testing system in at agricultural stores, cooperatives and extension offices would allow many farmers to use it. Commercial manure applicators reported that they had no preference in future locations for bump testing and monitor advice between the agricultural store, cooperatives, and extension offices. Livestock producers preferred agricultural stores a little more than cooperatives and extension offices, but all three locations should be used for continuing H2S monitor education. In our study agricultural stores had the most bump tests recorded, bump testing gas used, they purchased a bump testing system for their customers.
30
Boulay, Basile. „Essays on agricultural development in Tanzania“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52094/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis is made of three self-contained essays on the agricultural sector of Tanzania, each of them focusing on an aspect of direct policy relevance. In the first essay, I study whether an inverse relationship exists between cultivated area and physical productivity (yield per acre) for a set of important annual crops. I define size as the area of a plot on which a crop is grown, thus introducing a more disaggregated level of analysis than the common plot or crop levels of analysis. I control for the existing hypotheses in the literature potentially explaining this inverse relationship and propose to control for two new hypotheses which are only testable at this level of analysis. In the second essay, I look at output marketing for a set of important crops. I stress the links between the market failure theoretical narrative and empirical applications, and argue this has resulted in less attention being paid to the reasons why farmers may enter -or not- the market for a particular crop. I estimate participation and supply equations for a set of important crops and show that the rationale for entry differs across crops. This calls for a more flexible conception of `the market'. The first two essays use the Tanzanian National Panel Surveys to conduct econometric analysis. The third essay is based on primary data collected in 2016 in order to carry analysis of the Bambara nut, an underutilised crop. Because underutilised crops hardly feature in national datasets, primary data is needed to understand their socio-economic dynamics. Focusing on the Mtwara region of Tanzania, I study the importance of Bambara for local livelihoods using a mixed-methods study based on both quantitative and qualitative data. This study contributes to the growing interest on underutilised crops and their importance in designing more sustainable agricultural strategies.
31
Bernier, Marie-Hélène. „Assessing on-farm water use efficiency in southern Ontario“. Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32251.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Assessing On-Farm Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Southern Ontario In southern Ontario, irrigation is essential for high value horticultural crop production to overcome insufficient rainfall and achieve stabilized crop production. In a context where competition for limited water resources intensifies due to the expansion of the agricultural sector, increasing urban development and tourism, and potential climate change impacts, conserving water through efficient irrigation has become a key solution to address this growing challenge. The implementation of advanced soil water monitoring technologies and water budgeting for improved irrigation scheduling is explored to conserve water and thus cope with increasing competing demands for limited water supplies. Soil moisture was measured by gravimetric sampling in conjunction with several modern soil water sensors over the course of the 2007 growing season at 15 field sites located in southern Ontario where high value horticultural crop production is predominant. Quantities of irrigation water used were measured by flow meters that were installed at three of these sites. In addition, two grower surveys were administered: the first to collect information on current irrigation scheduling practices, and another to determine the appropriateness of the soil moisture monitoring sensors. On-farm irrigation performance was assessed by comparing calculated crop water requirements (using the water budget method) with growers' estimates of irrigation water use with soil moisture measurements taken during the growing season. In five out of six experimental zones, water was either excessively or insufficiently applied. InÉvaluation de l'Efficacité d'Utilisation de l'Eau d'Irrigation à l'Échelle de la Ferme dans le Sud de l'Ontario Dans le sud de l'Ontario, l'irrigation est essentielle à la production de cultures horticoles à haute valeur ajoutée afin de compenser l'insuffisance de précipitations et stabiliser la production de cultures. Dans un contexte où la compétition pour les ressources limitées en eau s'intensifie en réponse à l'expansion du secteur agricole, à la croissance du développement urbain et du tourisme, ainsi qu'aux impacts potentiels des changements climatiques, conserver l'eau grâce à des techniques d'irrigation économes est devenue une solution incontournable pour affronter ce défi grandissant. L'implémentation de technologies avancées de surveillance de la teneur en eau dans le sol et d'un bilan hydrique, pour améliorer les pratiques d'irrigation programmée, est explorée afin de conserver l'eau et ainsi mieux faire face à l'augmentation concurrentielle des demandes pour les ressources limitées en eau. Au cours de la saison de croissance de 2007, l'humidité du sol a été mesurée avec plusieurs sondes ainsi que par la méthode gravimétrique pour quinze sites situés dans le sud de l'Ontario où la production de cultures à haute valeur ajoutée est prédominante. Les quantités d'eau utilisées pour irriguer étaient mesurées par des compteurs de débit installés dans trois des quatre sites. De plus, les producteurs ont répondus à deux questionnaires: le premier visant à recueillir l'information concernant des pratiques actuelles d'irrigation programmée et le second à déterminer l'utilité des sondes mesurant l'humidité du sol. La
32
Mann, Michael. „Agricultural rents, ecosystem services, and land-use incentives in the Brazilian Amazon“. Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
I explore the ecological, economic, and policy determinants of agricultural land conversion in the Brazilian Amazon. Economic drivers of land-use change are quantified by rent, which is calculated using ecological and physiological models of biological productivity and spatial economic models for the costs of moving agricultural products to market. The validity of this approach is tested empirically by estimating spatially efficient logit models that simulate land-use change in the Mato Grosso region between 2001 and 2004. My empirical measures for agricultural rent are used to quantify the desirability of a particular plot of land, which previous research represents with simple proxies, such as distance to roads or urban areas, climate, and soil type. Statistical results indicate that my measure of economic rent subsumes the explanatory power of previous proxies. This result is consistent with economic theory, which posits that it is not simply access or variation in transportation costs that drives the spatial pattern of agricultural expansion, but the expected total returns from the venture. I extend the analysis of competing economic uses by comparing spatially explicit estimates of soybean rents to the value of ecosystem services. Although these estimates for these uses are generated from different data sets, models, and estimation techniques, the values are comparable, such that the value of ecosystem services is greater than soybean rents for about 61 percent of the total area. Given this balance, the failure to value ecosystem services reduces total social welfare. Policy instruments that internalize the value of ecosystem services via land conversion taxes, conservation subsidies, or excise taxes can avoid much of this loss. Together, these results suggest that spatially explicit models of economic rents and value of ecosystem services can be used to simulate the location and quantity of land-use change in an economically consistent framework. Such a framework lays the foundation for an enhanced methodology that can evaluate the ability of fiscal policy levers to influence the location of agricultural conversion with the ultimate aim of balancing economic and environmental goals.
2031-01-02
33
Macedo, Júnior Celso. „Agrupamento de modelos de mudanças climáticas e geração de cenários de impactos na agricultura“. [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256844.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Orientador: Jurandir Zullo Junior, Hilton Silveira PintoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T09:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MacedoJunior_Celso_M.pdf: 43459662 bytes, checksum: b712495d7c93d60b4f232eee385b4046 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: As mudanças climáticas e seus possíveis impactos vêm sendo amplamente discutidos pela sociedade mundial. De acordo com o relatório do IPCC (2007), as temperaturas tenderão a subir neste século devido, principalmente, ao aumento da concentração dos gases do efeito estufa. Essas possíveis mudanças no clima poderão afetar diretamente o setor agrícola e acarretar mudanças drásticas no setor econômico do país. Vários modelos de previsão climática têm sido propostos pelos centros de previsão de tempo e clima do mundo. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho teve o objetivo principal de identificar e avaliar o desempenho de modelos climáticos globais do quarto relatório do IPCC (2007), considerando sua utilidade na avaliação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas no zoneamento agrícola de riscos climáticos de três das principais culturas agrícolas do país. Utilizando informações físico-químicas, 23 modelos globais do IPCC (2007) foram agrupados em dois clusteres tendo como representante os modelos HadCM3 e MIROCmed. Após a escolha desses modelos, foram utilizadas suas anomalias de precipitação e/ou temperatura, inseridas no zoneamento agrícola das culturas do café, cana e milho para os estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Paraná. As anomalias estavam compreendidas no período de 2010-2039 para o cenário de emissões SRA2. Os dados climáticos utilizados advieram dos maiores centros de tempo e clima do Brasil compreendido no período de 1976-2005. Os resultados das simulações mostraram que as culturas foram mais penalizadas em sua classe de baixo risco climático quando inserida a anomalia isolada de temperatura do modelo MIROCmed e a anomalia isolada de precipitação do modelo HadCM3. Quando comparado ao modelo MIROCmed, houve maior intensidade dos resultados das áreas, número de municípios e produção com a simulação do modelo HadCM3. Das culturas analisadas, o café foi a cultura que apresentou maior redução no número de municípios da classe baixo risco, segundo a média das percentagens das anomalias em conjunto (anom_T+P) dos dois modelos
Abstract: The climate changes and their potential impacts have been widely discussed by the world society. According to the IPCC (2007), the temperatures will tend to rise in this century mainly due to increasing of greenhouse gases concentration. The possible changes in climate may directly affect the agricultural sector and lead to drastic changes in the economic sector of the country. Several climate prediction models have been proposed by the weather and climate centers in the world. In this context, this study had the aim of identifying and evaluating the performance of global climate models from the fourth IPCC report, considering their usefulness in assessing the impacts of climate change on climatic risks zoning in three of the major crops of the country. Using physicochemical information, 23 global models of the IPCC (2007) were grouped into two clusters having as components, the models HadCM3 and MIROCmed. After choosing these models, we used their precipitation anomalies and / or temperature, inserted in the agricultural zoning for the crops of coffee, sugar cane and maize in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná. The anomalies were included in the period 2010-2039 for the emission scenario SRA2.The climate data used thereby made the greatest centers of weather and climate of Brazil within the period of 1976-2005. The simulation results showed which the crops were more penalized in the low-risk class when inserted the isolated anomalies of temperature from the MIROCmed and the isolated anomalies of precipitation from the HadCM3. When compared to the model MIROCmed, had a higher intensity of the results of areas, number of communes and production through of simulation from model HadCM3. From cultures analyzed, the coffee was the culture showed the highest increase in the number of municipalities in the low-risk class, according to the average of the percentages of anomalies together (anom_T + P) of the two models
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
34
Phillips, Spencer Rickert. „Evaluating agricultural pesticide use and risk for the Chesapeake Bay /“. This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040742/.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
35
Hale, Andy. „Climate Change and Agricultural Policy Effects on Water Use in Agricultural Production: A Positive Mathematical Programming Approach“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145589.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Agricultural production is affected by a range of policy and climatic variables. This research explored the impacts of cap and trade, climate change and agricultural policy scenarios on water resource use and allocation in agricultural production. The research is organized into three separate studies, one for each set of scenarios.The first study focused on cap and trade policy for controlling greenhouse gas emissions, combining cost of production estimates with output price projections to determine the overall economic impact of cap and trade legislation, as well as its impact on agricultural water consumption. Price projections that included carbon offsets were higher than projections that did not, due to land being taken out of production and prices being bid up. HR2454 will increase production costs, particularly energy intensive inputs. Output prices increase as producers reduce production in response to cost increases. If agricultural offsets are allowed, output prices will be bid up further. Offsets allow producers to receive payments for cutting emissions. Producers benefit due to indirect price effects. Since water is quantity limited, total water use is unchanged.The next study looked at the physical impacts of climate change on production, particularly rising temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations. By analyzing the anticipated yield effects, it was found that overall net incomes would decrease and the water constraint would remain binding - meaning total water use is unchanged.The third paper analyzed the effects of agricultural policy on land and water resource allocation. Cotton is directly subsidized. Corn and grain sorghum are subsidized indirectly through ethanol subsidies. Sugar cane prices are artificially high due to tariff rate quotas on sugar imports. Removal of any of these interventions decreased net profits to producers, but water use remains unchanged. Removing all farm programs significantly decreases acres under cultivation, and reduces water use below the water constraint. It comes at a great cost to producers however, given the small amount of water saved.
36
Cusimano, Jeremy, Jean E. McLain, Susanna Eden und Channah M. Rock. „Agricultural Use of Recycled Water for Crop Production in Arizona“. College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/561235.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
7 pp.Agriculture is by far the largest water-demanding sector in Arizona, accounting for 70% of water demand (ADWR, 2009). Arizona’s agriculture industry is extremely diversified, producing many crops that can legally be irrigated with recycled water, including cotton, alfalfa, wheat, citrus, and vegetables. Throughout the State, farming communities are taking advantage of increasing supplies of recycled water.
37
Qi, Honghai. „Integrated watershed management and agricultural land-use optimization under uncertainty /“. Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2006. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1800276551&SrchMode=1&sid=13&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1258492716&clientId=22256.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2006.Typescript. Vita. Major professor: Dr. Mustafa Altinakar "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-239). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
38
Rosenburg, Charles Patrick. „Barn Owl Habitat and Prey use in Agricultural Eastern Virginia“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625342.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
39
Robinson, Todd Allen. „IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN CALIFORNIA THROUGH REMOTE SENSING“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1668.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ground truthing actual crop types in an area can be expensive and time-consuming. The California Department of Water Resources attempts to ground truth land use in each county in California every five years. However, this is limited by budgetary constraints and often results in infrequent (more than every ten years) surveying of many counties. An accurate accounting of crops growing in a region is important for a variety of purposes including farm production estimates, groundwater and surface water modeling, evapotranspiration estimation, water planning, research applications, etc. Agricultural land use is continually changing due to development and environmental factors.
Currently, USDA NASS provides georeferenced land use maps of regions throughout the U.S. While these are beneficial, the accuracy is not very high for California due to the wide variety of crops grown throughout the state. California has an increasingly complex agricultural system which includes multi-crops changing on an annual and even semiannual basis, long growing seasons, and complex and flexible irrigation schedules.
Remotely sensed data from available satellites are used to more accurately classify crop types within the Madera and Merced Counties of California’s Central Valley. An initial classification approach utilizing a simplified decision tree for a data subset of the area considered is presented. In order to accommodate the larger dataset at hand, a computer based approach is applied using the Nearest Neighbor classification algorithm in the computer program eCognition. Iterative analyses were performed to consider a range of scenarios with varying spectral inputs. The results show the methods presented can be beneficial in discriminating 24 of the major crop types from multi-temporal spectral data.
40
Phillips, Spencer R. „Evaluating agricultural pesticide use and risk for the Chesapeake Bay“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41774.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
41
Batchily, Abdul Karim 1952. „Use of Chroma Meter color measurements to evaluate the organic carbon, iron, and water content of soils“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277947.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The soil color components of 127 samples from five Arizona Agricultural Research Centers and 52 WEPP samples occurring in various parts of the U.S.A. were evaluated using a Minolta Chroma Meter. This instrument is designed to minimize the variability in color determination utilizing a built-in light source to generate a primary source of radiation. Simple and multiple linear regression equations relating Hue, Value, and Chroma color components were obtained to predict the organic carbon and iron content of these soils. The results show that using global data is less reliable than specific groupings of soils. Moist value and moist chroma moist are the two most important color components in estimating the organic carbon content of soils. Chroma and Hue were highly correlated to iron at all moisture levels. Chroma was least affected by soil moisture, but Value and Hue consistently decreased for all soils.
42
Nimo, Michael Kwabi. „Agricultural productivity and supply responses in Ghana“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12583/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The importance of Agricultural Supply Response (ASR) modelling cannot be over emphasised. Knowledge of its size provides a roadmap for designing a tailored agricultural policy based on suppliers’ responses to price and non-price incentives. In spite of its policy importance, limited amount of studies exist for Ghana. This study seeks to fill the gap and also sheds some light on how future agricultural policies in Ghana should be formulated. This study is conducted on a regional (ecological) group basis and at a crop-level. Apart from price and non-price factors, we have also accounted for technical inefficiencies, a problem that impedes the growth of agricultural production in Ghana. We employed the duality modelling technique (based on the profit function). This technique provides a more intuitive way of modelling and interpreting ASRs. We used the fourth wave of the Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS4), a cross-sectional dataset collected between 1998 and 1999. The analysis is based on six crops, grouped into industrial (cocoa and groundnut), food (maize, rice and cowpea) and staple (sorghum and millet combined and termed migso in the study). A sensitivity analysis is carried out to check the robustness of results. We found high national and ecological technical inefficiency scores. Nationally, technical inefficiency is in the neighbourhood of 53%. At the ecological levels, groundnut (industrial crop) farmers in the Coastal zone recording the highest inefficiency (83%) with the least inefficiency score coming from cowpea (food) farmers in the Savannah zone (30%). In a related outcome we found that technical inefficiency estimates and patterns are sensitive to the structure and composition of the dataset. Our supply elasticities support claims that farmers in Ghana will respond to both market (price) and non-price incentives. In terms of price incentives we found that, with or without technical inefficiency, farmers of food crops in the Coastal zone will respond the most to changes to outputs prices. Farmers in the Savannah zone for all crops but staples will be the least to respond to output price change. We found, however, that with production inefficiency accounted for, supply responses were relatively lower, reinforcing the arguments that earlier supply response estimates from other studies could have been inaccurately estimated especially where analysis failed to account for non-price factors. Moreover, the study estimates revealed that farmers in Ghana are would record a larger output supply responses to changes in inputs prices than output prices. Besides price, the study also found that all four non-price incentives - plot size, animal capital, family labour and education of household head - are important to the development of an effective agricultural policy regardless of whether technical inefficiency is accounted for or not. In some cases, output supply responses from non-prices factors outweighed price elasticities, again supporting the argument that ASR estimates are likely to be biased if non-price factors are omitted. These findings provide two policy signposts for the design of Ghana’s future agricultural policies. Firstly, the policy - aimed at increasing output and/or improving the sector’s competitiveness - must identify and address technical inefficiencies among smallholder agricultural farmers. Failure to address such inefficiencies would lead to suboptimal performance - operating on a lower production frontier. Secondly, the differences in crop-level ecological supply elasticities support regional-based agricultural policies rather than a one-size-fits all centralised agricultural policy.
43
Hassan, Ahmad. „The contribution by the water table to crop water use“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The contribution by the water table to crop water use was evaluated in the absence of surface water application from lysimetric studies in a glassliouse during 1988, 1989 and 1990. The water table contribution was measured for beans, barley and lettuce in the presence of constant water tables 60, 90 and 120 cm deep. The water table contributed to about 27.0, 16.4 and 11.4% of evapotranspiration of barley with water tables 60, 90 and 120 cm deep, respectively. The contribution in lettuce was found to be 34.7, 13.5 and 6.0% for the 60, 90 and 120 cm water tables, respectively. The water table could not contribute to the evapotranspiration of beans because the initial soil moisture suction profile was not in equilibrium, and there was always a zero-flux plane above the water table. Capillary upward flux from the water table was also measured using Darcy's equation and by direct measurement. For this, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was determined in the laboratory from diffusivity over a wide range of moisture content. Conductivity values were also evaluated in situ using Darcy's equation. In situ and laboratory conductivity values were well fitted by Gardner's (1958) conductivity function but not by that of Rijtema (1965). Root water uptake was evaluated using the extraction-term approach. A very small proportion of roots near the water table was absorbing water from the capillary fringe iii the case of a deep-rooted crop (barley) for all water table depths. Lettuce, a shal1ow-rootd crop, was absorbing water from the water table although roots were confined to the top 5 cm depth for all water table depths. A simulation model (CAPROW) was developed to account for capillary rise from constant water tables. The model can also predict soil moisture content, root water uptake and inflow to roots provided soil physical parameters and relevent data are known. Parameters needed to run the model were determined from the bean experiment with the water table at 60 cm depth. CAPROW was used to simulate results for water tables at 90 and 120 cm under three different crops. Model predictions of soil moisture contents at harvest agreed well with the measured values. The predicted cumulative upward flux in barley and lettuce under two different water table treatments agreed closely with the measured values. The contribution by the water table to water use by barley was found to be 16.4 and 11.4% for 90 and 120 cm water table depths, respectively. Corresponding simulated values were 15.5 and 10.4%. For lettuce, measured contributions from the water table to evapotranspiration were 13.5 and 6.0%. Corresponding simulated values were 15.7 and 6.7%.
44
Barreto, Vitor Angelo Villar. „Dom Pedrito, cidade e campo : a modernização agrícola e a cidade local“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/38623.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Esta dissertação trata das transformações ocorridas no município de Dom Pedrito, no Rio Grande do Sul, com foco na relação cidade-campo. Para tanto, foram levantadas as peculiaridades do local, desde a formação histórica e ocupação do território, quando a pecuária era a principal atividade desenvolvida no campo, até os dias atuais, quando o agronegócio assumiu a posição de destaque na produção agrícola. Além de dados populacionais e da produção municipal, organizados em séries históricas, a pesquisa aborda as transformações na paisagem do campo e da cidade. O campo é atualmente caracterizado pelas presenças das lavouras de arroz e soja, que assumem papel importante na paisagem e na economia do município. A cidade, outrora importante como suporte da produção pecuária, hoje se encontra descolada da produção do campo, estabelecida sob uma lógica verticalizante. As mudanças são identificadas como peculiaridades locais do processo de urbanização brasileira, que teve na modernização do campo um dos pilares. Identificamos assim um espaço que se encontra em transformação, no qual campo e cidade respondem a um tempo diferente. O campo, menos rugoso, é hoje dotado de novas formas realizadas sobre uma antiga estrutura, e a cidade encontra-se perdida em um anacronismo entre as antigas formas e os processos que se desencadearam no campo, exigindo novos objetos para a resposta do local às necessidades da produção agrícola moderna. As metamorfoses do espaço são analisadas tendo por base a questão da técnica predominante em cada período histórico, estabelecendo os processos espaciais de horizontalidades e verticalidades, que estão bem demarcados na realidade de ontem e hoje. A pesquisa conclui que atualmente o município de Dom Pedrito passa por uma reconfiguração territorial, conduzida pela modernização do campo, com impacto direto na cidade local. O espaço local responde assim ao período técnico-científico-informacional. O entendimento dos problemas e das possibilidades da cidade requer um esforço de análise que considere as técnicas remanescentes junto das novas, permitindo que a renovação seja entendida como potencialidade que incorpore a vida da cidade à produção de riqueza local.This master’s dissertation addresses the changes which occurred in the town of Dom Pedrito, Rio Grande do Sul, and focuses on the town-countryside relationship. Therefore, we have brought up the peculiarities of this place, since its historical formation and occupation, when cattle breeding was the main activity in the countryside, until currently, when agribusiness has taken the leading position in agricultural production. Besides population and production data, the research addresses the changes in the landscape of the town and of the countryside. The countryside is currently characterized by the presence of rice and soybean production, which assume an important role in the local landscape and economy. The town, once important in supporting livestock production, is nowadays distant from field production, handed down vertically. The changes are seen as local peculiarities of the Brazilian urbanization process, which had one of its pillars in the modernization of agriculture. We identify a dynamic space, in which countryside and town respond to a different time. The countryside, with less roughness, nowadays has new shapes held on an old structure, and the town is lost in an anachronism between the old shapes and the processes that have taken place in the countryside, and required new objects so that the place can meet the needs of modern field production. The changes of space and time are analyzed based on the techniques used in each period, by establishing the spatial processes of horizontality and verticality, which are well marked in the past and present time. The research concludes that currently Dom Pedrito goes through a territorial reconfiguration, driven by the modernization of the countryside, with direct impact in the local town. The local space responds to the technical, scientific and informational period. To understand the problems and the possibilities of the town requires an analysis that takes into account the remaining and the new techniques to allow innovation to be understood as a power that places the town into the production of local wealth.
45
Smith, Tiziana. „Estimating hydrologic fluxes, crop water use, and agricultural land use in China from multiple data sources“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-99).
Crop production has significantly altered the terrestrial environment by changing land use (Ramankutty et al., 2008) and by altering the water cycle through both co-opting rainfall and surface water withdrawals (Postel et al., 1996). As the world's population continues to grow and individual diets become more resource-intensive, the demand for food - and the land and water necessary to produce it - will continue to increase. Quantitative data about water availability, water use, and agricultural land use are needed to develop sustainable water and agricultural planning and policies. However, existing large-scale data are susceptible to errors and can be physically inconsistent. China is an example of a large area where food demand is expected to increase and a lack of data clouds the resource management dialogue. Some assert that China will have insufficient land and water resources to feed itself, posing a threat to global food security if they seek to increase food imports (Brown and Starke, 1995). Others believe resources are plentiful (Lomborg, 2001). Without quantitative data, it is difficult to discern if these concerns are realistic or overly dramatized. This thesis presents a quantitative approach to characterize hydrologic fluxes, crop water use, and agricultural land use and applies the methodology in China using data from around the year 2000. The approach uses the principles of water balance and of crop water requirements to assimilate existing data with a least-squares estimation technique, producing new estimates of water and land use variables that are physically consistent while minimizing differences from measured data. We argue that this technique for estimating water fluxes and agricultural land use can provide a useful basis for resource management and policy, both in China and around the world.
by Tiziana Smith.
S.M.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
46
Manning, Peter Robert. „Managing Namibia's marine fisheries : optimal resource use and national development objectives“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2639/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Prior to independence, Namibia's marine fisheries had suffered over-fishing, typical of open access exploitation of a common pool resource where there is excess demand. The Namibian Government's policy objectives seek optimal sustainable use of Namibia's fisheries resources and a substantial increase for Namibians of benefit from these resources. In assessing the appropriateness of Namibia's fisheries management system for meeting these objectives, state involvement in the management of the resource is considered, the biological and ecological constraints of the resource are examined and the degree to which national management of fisheries is nested in a global system of fisheries governance is defined. Empirical evidence establishes the critical importance of successfully managing these resources through environmental shocks and the importance for the industry of sufficient economic flexibility, often hindered by overcapacity, to cope with those shocks. Even at low, sub-optimal biomass levels, evidence suggests that substantial resource rent accrues to industry as abnormal profit, or finances overcapacity. Government attempts to redistribute benefit from the resource have been only partly successful. These findings establish the importance of state intervention to ensure that capacity is reduced as close as possible to a bio-economic optimal level, thus maximising resource rent. Collection by the state of a larger proportion of available resource rent would make it less possible for abnormal profits to be earned and make rent less available for financing over-capacity. The additional state finance, representing benefit from the resource, could be directed by the state towards more effective usage in the development process. The management of Namibia's marine fisheries will best be achieved by working towards a system of co-management between the state and industry, providing a framework for nested institutions tailored to the conditions of each fishery, in a joint endeavour to generate a socially optimal use of the resource.
47
Nambiro, Elizabeth. „Trends in land use and agricultural intensification in Kakamega, Western Kenya /“. Bonn : Inst. für Nutzpflanzenwiss. und Ressourcenschutz, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017387084&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
48
Sjöström, AÌŠsa Elisabeth. „Uptake of nonylphenols by crops following agricultural use of sewage sludge“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414491.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
49
Youngquist, Caitlin Price. „Local biosolids compost| agricultural use, fate of antibiotics, and community engagement“. Thesis, Washington State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3628900.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
We investigated the agricultural use of locally produced biosolids compost, the fate of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin during the composting process, community perceptions about biosolids, and sociological factors of community involvement in waste management research and decision-making.
Two biological assays were used to determine if the antibiotic ciprofloxacin selects for and amplifies ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria during composting. A third biological assay measured the capacity of compost to adsorb ciprofloxacin from solution. Our results show that the ciprofloxacin had no selective effect on resistant populations of bacteria during composting and that the compost was capable of adsorbing and effectively neutralizing this antibiotic.
A two-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of biosolids compost as a high-carbon soil amendment in local agriculture. Potatoes and small grains were grown with biosolids compost and/or synthetic fertilizer and effects on crop yield, soil fertility, and soil quality were measured. Biosolids compost increased potato tuber and grain yield in the second year, demonstrating cumulative effects of repeated compost applications. In this study, the value of biosolids compost was primarily as a source of nitrogen, plant available phosphorus, and soil organic matter.
A mail survey of 1,374 Skagit County households was conducted to gain insight into community perceptions about the use of biosolids in local agriculture, interest in using biosolids compost as a soil amendment, and desire to participate in local waste management decision-making processes. Mail survey results and participant observation were used to develop a case study of community involvement in waste management research and decision-making in the town of La Conner.
This project addressed challenges inherent in conducting research on a controversial topic while developing a new collaborative research model for the region. Scientists, public planners and biosolids managers may be able to build and improve upon what was learned here in their efforts to develop effective regional waste management solutions.
50
Koo, Bhon Kyoung. „Agricultural non-point source nitrate pollution control by land use optimisation“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268366.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle