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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Agricultural extension work“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Agricultural extension work"
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Hameed, Ahmed Sajid. „The Reality of Extension Works in the Directorate of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Research In Kurdistan Region of Iraq“. UHD Journal of Science and Technology 8, Nr. 1 (04.04.2024): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v8n1y2024.pp93-98.
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The study aims to identify the reality of extension works in the Directorate of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Researches in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, and the study area included all governorates of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (Germian, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk). The research community included all workers in agricultural extension, agricultural research, and agricultural directorates in all governorates, there were 215 respondents. The sample of the respondents includes (71) representing 33% of the population, taken by a simple random sampling method. The data were collected through personal interviews; questionnaire was prepared for this purpose. To confirm the validity, the questionnaire was reviewed by some experts. In general, the reality of extension work was described by the respondents (extension workers and agricultural engineers working in the Agricultural Research and Extension Directorate) as weak. Conducting training courses for agricultural extension workers regarding methods and methods of communication to work with farmers, emphasizing the importance and necessity of linking and coordinating between agricultural extension and education (universities) to graduate a qualified agricultural guide. Cooperation with other research agencies that work on producing and generating agricultural scientific information and practices approved by the Ministry of Agriculture.
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Chapman, Larry J., Ronald T. Schuler, Cheryl A. Skjolaas und Terry L. Wilkinson. „Agricultural Work Safety Efforts by Wisconsin Extension Agricultural Agents“. Journal of Rural Health 11, Nr. 4 (September 1995): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1995.tb00427.x.
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Mahmood, Bayan Ahmad Mahmood, und Tahir Mohamed Layek Layek. „The Problems Of The Agricultural Extension Work In The Governorate Of Sulaimany“. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2ndInt.Conf.AGR, Special Issue (10.02.2018): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10701.
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Hanafiah, M. Ali, Witman Rasyid und Agus Purwoko. „HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK, MOTIVASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI KOTA BENGKULU“. Jurnal AGRISEP 12, Nr. 1 (07.04.2013): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.12.1.69-84.
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The objective of this research is to analyze the correlation of the agricultural agents’ characteristics, motivation and competence to their work productivity. This research was conducted in February through April 2013 and used census methods. The study population was defined as many as 33 people of 45 people from the extension of existing civil servants. Data analysis was done by using Product Moment Pearson procedure. The results showed that: 1) some of the agents’ characteristics were correlated significantly with their job productivity, there were period of employment, training, agricultural area in the region of agriculture extension, 2) Some factors of the agents’ motivation were correlated significantly with their job productivity. There are recognition, salary and reward. 3) Some factors of the agents’ competencies were correlated significantly with their job productivity. There are planning, implementating, evaluation of agriculture extension, and communication skills real contact with the work productivity of agricultural extension. 4) Work productivity level of agricultural extension agents still not yet good (“low” category) because four of five factors work productivity as method extension, extension materials and increased knowledge and skills of farmers were low.Keywords: Agricultural Extension Agent, Characteristics, Motivation, Competence, Productivity
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Khuseno, Moch Toha. „PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN LINGKUNGAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KOMPETENSI SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN (Studi Pada Dinas Pertanian Dan Peternakan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara)“. AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 15, Nr. 3 (28.11.2019): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.15.3.2019.26494.
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This study aims to determine the effect of training on Agricultural Extension competencies; know the effect of the organization's environment on Agricultural Extension competencies; know the effect of training on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; know the effect of the organizational environment on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; know the training factors and organizational environment on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers through work competence as an intervening variable. This research was carried out using the exploratory method with a quantitative approach with the research location at the North Sulawesi Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department. The number of samples is equal to the total population of 18 people given the small population. Data collection methods used are descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis using path analysis with t-test as hypothesis testing. The results showed that training for Agricultural Extension Workers had a significant effect on work competence; the organizational environment also significantly influences the work competency of Agricultural Extension Workers; work Competence has a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; Training also has a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers; the organizational environment has a positive and significant effect on the performance of agricultural instructors; training and Organizational Environment have a significant effect on the performance of Agricultural Extension Workers through their Work Competencies. There is an increase in the direct influence and indirect effect of each variable. *eprm*
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Soedarto, Teguh, Firza Prima Aditiawan und Adzanil Rachmadhi Putra. „Design of An Agricultural Extension Schedule Management System“. Inspiration: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 13, Nr. 2 (24.11.2023): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35585/inspir.v13i2.54.
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Based on the strategic plan of the Ministry of Agriculture for 2015-2019, development in the agricultural sector will refer to the Agriculture for Development Paradigm which positions the agricultural sector as a driver of balanced and comprehensive development transformation including demographic, economic, intersectoral, spatial, institutional and development governance. With such great potential, the Pasuruan Regency Food and Agriculture Security Service has problems in the availability of human resources in quantity, especially agricultural instructors. For this reason, there is a need for a system that can optimize existing human resources. The system development method used is the waterfall method, the waterfall method is a method that works sequentially, the development of the agricultural extension schedule management system has been going well. So that it can help the work management process of agricultural instructors in distributing agricultural extension at the village level. This agricultural extension schedule management system is implemented using a MySQL database and the PHP programming language. This system is easy to use so it helps related parties in schedule management and recording extension activities.
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Khalaf, Ali Ghazi, und Ali Lateef Jasim Al-Mashhadani. „Requirements for Using Digital Agricultural Extension in Providing Extension Service from Viewpoint of Agricultural Extension Agents“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1259, Nr. 1 (01.11.2023): 012134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012134.
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Abstract The research has aimed to determine the requirements for using digital agricultural extension in providing an extension service from the viewpoint of agricultural extension agents. The research population has included all agricultural extension agents who work in the Agricultural Extension and Training Department, the Training and Rehabilitation Center, the Agricultural Extension Center for Training, Al-Tarmiya Farm, as well as Al-Rashidiya Farm in Baghdad Governorate. Thus, a random sample has been taken from the research population at a rate of (83%). Accordingly, the proposed sample size has included (83) agricultural extension agents (from male and female). To achieve the goal of the research, a questionnaire has been prepared that included four axes: administrative requirements, technical and financial requirements, human requirements, and requirements of integrating the target audience to use digital agricultural extension. The agreement of extension agents on the requirements has been measured by using a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, somewhat agree, disagree, strongly disagree), and the following scores have determined for the scale expressions (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) respectively, hence, the general results (for the five axes) have shown that the majority of agricultural extension agents have had a high level of agreement with all requirements of using digital agricultural extension in providing agricultural extension services, with an average of (213.45) degrees, which is higher than the general average, and this may reflect the realism and objectivity of the requirements that have addressed in the research, which will provide an appropriate ground and achieve a satisfactory level of efficiency and effectiveness in the process of using digital agricultural extension in providing the agricultural extension service, if they implement and activate by the decision makers (authorities) in the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture.
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Peters, Scott J. „“Every Farmer Should Be Awakened”: Liberty Hyde Bailey’s Vision of Agricultural Extension Work“. Agricultural History 80, Nr. 2 (01.04.2006): 190–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-80.2.190.
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Abstract Historians have portrayed the formative period of agricultural extension work in the United States as a search for the best method of convincing farmers to change their farming practices in order to improve agricultural efficiency, productivity, and profitability. However, one of the key leaders in extension’s formative period, Cornell University’s Liberty Hyde Bailey, articulated a different vision of extension’s central purpose and promise. Drawing on his writings during the years in which he led the development of Cornell’s extension program (1894-1902), this article argues that Bailey’s vision of agricultural extension work was centered on the provision of education aimed at awakening farmers to a new point of view on life. The new point of view combined sympathy with nature, a love of country life, and a scientific attitude, expressed by a habit of careful observation and experimentation. The main purpose of awakening farmers to this point of view was not to develop a more efficient, productive, and profitable agriculture, but to advance the larger cultural ideals of a "self-sustaining" agriculture and personal happiness. The account of Bailey’s vision provided in this article suggests the need to reconsider the story of the origins and early development of American agricultural extension work.
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Bursten, Julia R. S., und Catherine Kendig. „Growing knowledge: Epistemic objects in agricultural extension work“. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 88 (August 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.03.002.
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Suleyman Abdureman Omer und Nuradin Abdi Hassen. „A Seminar Title On the History and Evolution of Agricultural Extension in the Ethiopia Country“. International Journal on Integrated Education 3, Nr. 10 (15.10.2020): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i10.710.
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Agricultural extension service began work in Ethiopia since 1931, during the establishment of Ambo Agricultural School. But a formal Agricultural extension started since Alemaya Imperial College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (Haramaya) was constructed since 1953.The extension activities of Ethiopia during the last 50 years reveals that a range of extension approaches has been used. The approaches tended differ with each successive political regime. Different extension approaches in different political regimes, during the imperial regime the responsibility for national extension administration to the Ministry of Agriculture, extension service became one of the departments in the Ministry. And during the military regime the land reform proclamation banned the private ownership of rural lands and declared that land would be distributed to the tillers without compensation to former owners. Because of the political instability and major structural changes in the rural areas, including the formation of peasant associations and producers' cooperatives as well as the implementation of the land reform, it was not possible to carry out this plan. There was not much organized and coordinated extension work in the country until the beginning of the 1980. At the current Extension service of Ethiopia in 1991 the T & V extension approach was adopted as a national extension system with major government financing until its replacement by the Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System in 1995. The latter was adopted from the SaSakawa Global 2000 (SG 2000) extension strategy. Agricultural extension service in Ethiopia can be given by different mandatory level such as at federal level by ministry of Agriculture, At Regional level Bureau of Agriculture, At Woreda level Agricultural and Natural Resource office, and at Farmer Training center level Development agent and different stockholders have responsibility of giving extension especially agriculture related extension to need holders. In Ethiopia there are different extension approaches model such as Chilalo agricultural development model (CADU), minimum package project I and II, Peasant Agricultural Development program, participatory demonstration and training extension system, farmers field school, Farmers training center and Agricultural technical and Vocational Education training (ATVET) these are the different extension approaches in Ethiopia starting from the begging up to current extension service respectively.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Agricultural extension work"
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Henke, Christopher R. „Working the mission : science and industry in California agriculture /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9984806.
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Gebre-Selassie, Samuel. „The development of integrated management information systems for agricultural extension institutions of developing countries : the case of Oromia Agricultural Development Bureau of Ethiopia /“. Aachen : Shaker, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009323076&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Sulser, Timothy Brian. „Field practical monitoring and evaluation in agricultural extension ex ante sustainability assessment of production alternatives through spreadsheet modelling and participatory research /“. [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2001/anp1053/Sulser%5FTimothy%5FThesis.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Florida, 2001.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 112 p.; also contains graphics; Microsoft Excel spreadsheet linked to PDF file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-111).
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Rodriguez, Baide Joysee Mariela Molnar Joseph J. „Barriers to adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in the South change agents perspectives /“. Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/RODRIGUEZ_BAIDE_18.pdf.
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Cloonan, Daniel Peter. „The extension need : learning through dialogue : a theory-informed extension practice /“. View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030529.132358/index.html.
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Thesis (M. Sc. (Hons.)--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1996."A thesis submitted to the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) -- T.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-183).
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Nyako, Felix Agyei. „A study of the agricultural extension service in the United States (North Carolina) and the agricultural extension service in Ghana“. Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71165.
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The objectives of the study were as follows:
1. To investigate the following of the Agricultural Extension Service in the United States (North Carolina) and Ghana:
A. Background and History;
B. Organization;
C. Program Areas;
D. Communication Proceses and Methods Used; and
E. Reporting and Evaluation of Frog rams.
2. To write a descriptive comparison of the two extension systems.
3. To make recommendations for the improvement of the Ghanain Extension Service based on the findings.
Ghana has an Agricultural Extension Service which has not been successful in changing the life of the peasant farmers and needs to be improved if agriculture is to be successful in Ghana. It is now believed by the Ghanain policy makers that agriculture is a more stable and everlasting base for the economy and again needs to be a primary source of income.
The methods used in this study were as follows:
A. Resources Review. A resource review was made of tha elements selected for the study.
B. Sources of Information. Additional information was obtain.ea from other sources such as the Agricultural Extension Service in the United States and Ghana through personal interviews.
C. A descriptive comparison was made of all of the elements studied, and conclusions were drawn.
D. Recommendations for the improvement of the Ghana Extension Service were made.
The comparison of the Agricultural Extension Service in the United States and the Ghanain Extension Service shows a number of similarities and differences. There are differences in the organizational structure, methods used to carry out the Extension programs, variety of programs and methods of reporting and evaluation of programs.
Ten important recommendations resulted from the study for the improvement of the Agricultural Extension Service in Ghana.
1. That laws or decrees be enacted to provide a legal basis for the organization and operation of the extension service by the Ghana government.
2. That a formal functional organizational relationship be established between the Agricultural Extension Service and the higher educational institutes.
3. That advisory committees be organized at each level of the organizational structure of the Agricultural Extension Service.
4. That clientele committees' input be utilized in the development process of the program areas.
5. That the Home Economics area be emphasized so that it will have more impact on the local people.
6. That youth programs be established as a part of the total extension programs.
7. That the program areas of the Extension Service be developed and implemented at the local levels.
8. That an evaluation unit be created as part of the Extension division.
9. That the farm demonstration technique of teaching. be used as the primary teaching method, and
10. That adequate working relationships be established at the top organizational level and maintained at the local levels :between the Agricultural Extension Service and all agriculturally related institutions.Ed. D.
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Matiwane, Mona Ben. „The communiation and utilisation of recommended agricultural practices in three Mankwe field crop projects“. Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08012005-114617/.
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Biggs, Stephen D. „Two articles focusing on participatory approaches“. Olive Organisation Development and Training, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75076.
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In recent years there has been a growing literature that advocates various forms of participatory development. This is illustrated by the promotion of approaches/tools such as participatory rural appraisal (PRA), participatory technology development (PTD), and participatory process projects 1 These "new" approaches are fast taking on the form of a new generalised orthodoxy for solving development problems. It would seem from the perspective of some of the promoters of this orthodoxy that the problem of development is no longer one of not having the right approaches and methods, but one of getting recalcitrant policy makers, bureaucrats, academics to appreciate and adopt these new methods and techniques. My concerns with this new advocacy are that: i It does not relate to experience; ii It does not address issues of power structure and control over information and other resources in multiple and complex arenas of science and technology (S&T); iii By placing major emphasis on management approaches and tools, the new orthodoxy is cutting itself off from a critical reflective understanding of the deeper determinants of technical and social change. Unfortunately, I suspect that if this new orthodoxy does not develop a more critical reflective view of itself then, like previous dominant orthodoxies, it will soon have to develop a range of "escape hatches" to explain why these participatory approaches are not giving the results that their advocates promise.AVOCADO series; v 06/95
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Tolamo, Tutuge Joseph. „Mobilising youth participation in agriculture using Participatory Extension Approach (PEA) : A case study of ga-Mothiba village“. Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1351.
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Olufayo, Ayowumi Motunrayo. „The effectiveness of agricultural extension as perceived by small scale farm holders“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019765.
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Empirical studies have suggested that agricultural extension can increase agricultural productivity. However, the increase in productivity is dependent on a number of issues. As a result, this particular study was conducted among farmers in order to examine the relationship between the provision of extension services and increased productivity in a regional context. The perceptions of vegetable home gardeners resident in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan area, who participated in the Siyazondla Homestead Production Programme, formed the source of the primary data. The views of these farmers were analysed to determine how extension services affected their performance. The findings revealed that the farmers have a good perception of the extension services, although this negatively correlates with their level of performance. In addition, the data indicate that farmers who had a poor perception of extension services tend to achieve high production while those with a good impression of services had a poor performance. It was however observed that level of education, farming experience and exposure to print media influenced the responses that were captured in the study.
Bücher zum Thema "Agricultural extension work"
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A. W. van den Ban. Agricultural extension. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1988.
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India) National Consultation on "Future Approaches in Agricultural Extension" (2010 New Delhi. Future agricultural extension. Herausgegeben von Kokate K. D und Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Division of Agricultural Extension. New Delhi: Westville Pub. House, 2011.
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Adedoyin, S. F. Agricultural extension in Nigeria. Ilorin: Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria, 2005.
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Macklin, Michael. Agricultural extension in India. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1992.
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Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (Ede, Netherlands), Hrsg. Agricultural extension in Africa. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation, 1995.
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Agricultural Extension Workshop (1996 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Agricultural Extension Workshop proceedings. Addis Ababa: The Association, 1996.
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1951-, Roberts Nigel, Hrsg. Agricultural extension in Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1989.
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Schwartz, Lisa A. Agricultural extension in East Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1992.
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Basnyat, Birendra Bir. Agricultural extension system in Nepal. Lalitpur: Development Pioneer Ltd., 1990.
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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, Hrsg. Agricultural research and extension: Current issues. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1991.
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Moughan, Paul J., Daniel A. Chamovitz, S. Ayyappan, Morakot Tanticharoen, Krishan Lal und Yoo Hang Kim. „The Role of Science, Technology, and Innovation for Transforming Food Systems in Asia“. In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 751–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_39.
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AbstractThis chapter focusses on the role of science, technology and innovation (STI) in transforming the food systems of Asia and the Pacific to achieve long-term environmentally sustainable food and nutritional security (FNS). A “whole of systems” approach is required to address the issues, and that work is urgently needed to define ‘healthy’ diets for different regions, societies and cultures. Emphasis should shift from the provision of calories to the supply of balanced patterns of all essential nutrients, and the ‘holistic’ properties of foods should be recognised. The chapter identifies countries and regions, within Asia, considered to be at particularly high risk for future food insecurity. Systems analysis should be applied across the agricultural and food sectors of these countries to identify the actual technical and other impediments to FNS. It is envisaged that the results from such an analysis would be used to formulate a ‘blueprint’ for agricultural and food STI in Asia. Overarching recommendations are the establishment of a trans-national funding mechanism for the entire region, focussing on targeted interdisciplinary STI, and the establishment of regional centres of excellence for research, education and extension, focussing on the identified key areas of opportunity. It was concluded that there is an urgent need for investment and action.
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Bastia, Tanja, und Nicola Piper. „Gendered Migration in the Global South: An Intersectional Perspective on Inequality“. In The Palgrave Handbook of South–South Migration and Inequality, 393–411. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39814-8_18.
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AbstractThe links between gender and migration are well understood, as the result of extensive research on the highly gendered nature of migration drivers, dynamics and impacts associated with broader processes of societal transformation. The role of gender norms in shaping migratory decisions on who stays, who moves and how resources are allocated are also well understood. Far less attention has been paid to intersectional approaches, and the comparative dynamics of gendered processes and outcomes in the context of South–South migration. This chapter aims to redress an existing bias towards destination countries by placing greater emphasis on countries of origin and transnational social fields. By focusing on migrants’ precariour status as workers, it also moves beyond the overwhelming focus on domestic work to highlight other overlooked sectors in which there are highly gendered patterns of migrant employment, such as manufacturing, agriculture and tourism. The chapter addresses this gap by adopting an intersectional perspective on cross-sectoral inequalities related to migration.
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Bello, Julia, Anne Namatsi Lutomia, Eric Abbott, Robert Mazur, Sostino Mocumbe und Barry R. Pittendrigh. „Making Agricultural Learning Accessible“. In Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, 716–36. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9621-9.ch032.
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Worldwide women play an important role in agriculture but they still are marginalized in extension education programs. Traditionally, male-dominated extension services may contribute to gender bias in terms of access to information, participation, implementation and innovation. Limitations women face in accessing extension programs are related to social and cultural constructions. Recently, mobile phone technology has facilitated the work of extension agents and has provided participants new resources to improve their yields; nevertheless, farmer productivity in Mozambique varies between genders. This paper illustrates how agricultural messages designed as animations, and delivered via smartphones result in learning for farmers better than traditional extension presentations. This chapter focuses on the creation of educational materials by Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO), and then illuminates the gaps and solutions related to gender agricultural learning. Lastly, a case study of Mozambican gender agricultural learning using animations is presented.
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Bello-Bravo, Julia, Anne Namatsi Lutomia, Eric Abbott, Robert Mazur, Sostino Mocumbe und Barry R. Pittendrigh. „Making Agricultural Learning Accessible“. In Empowering Learners With Mobile Open-Access Learning Initiatives, 47–73. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2122-8.ch005.
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Worldwide women play an important role in agriculture but they still are marginalized in extension education programs. Traditionally, male-dominated extension services may contribute to gender bias in terms of access to information, participation, implementation and innovation. Limitations women face in accessing extension programs are related to social and cultural constructions. Recently, mobile phone technology has facilitated the work of extension agents and has provided participants new resources to improve their yields; nevertheless, farmer productivity in Mozambique varies between genders. This paper illustrates how agricultural messages designed as animations, and delivered via smartphones result in learning for farmers better than traditional extension presentations. This chapter focuses on the creation of educational materials by Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO), and then illuminates the gaps and solutions related to gender agricultural learning. Lastly, a case study of Mozambican gender agricultural learning using animations is presented.
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Akinnagbe, Oluwole Matthew. „Harmonising Roles of Agricultural Extension With Other Agencies Involved in Agricultural Development Towards Sustainable Food Systems in Nigeria“. In Food Systems Sustainability and Environmental Policies in Modern Economies, 160–71. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3631-4.ch007.
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The success of sustainable agriculture depends not just on the motivations, skills, and knowledge of individual farmers, but on action taken by the agricultural extension agency in harmonising the activities of other agencies involved in agricultural development. This chapter looks into the coordinating roles of agricultural extension with other agencies involved in agricultural development towards sustainable food systems in Nigeria. The agricultural extension agency needs to coordinate other agencies in rural development to ensure unity of purpose and avoid duplication of efforts. Agricultural extension is considered the best institution to coordinate other agencies involved in agricultural development towards sustainable food system in Nigeria because of the edge agricultural extension has at grassroots level in light of community organizing and empowerment role. Government in all tiers should support the agricultural extension agency by ensuring that all development partners liaise with the agency before carrying out their work to enhance sustainable rural development.
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Mugwisi, Tinashe. „Applying Indigenous Knowledge in Agricultural Extension in Zimbabwe“. In Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, 1106–26. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9621-9.ch049.
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Indigenous knowledge (IK) has been viewed as local knowledge that has been developed and accumulated, over time, by a community and has been passed down over generations. Such knowledge is represented in most spheres of human activity, such as in agriculture, traditional and alternative medicine, human and animal health, forestry and botany, among others. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how IK is accessed and used by agricultural extension workers in Zimbabwe. The study reviews the relevant literature and focuses largely on Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge (IAK). The study utilises both quantitative and qualitative methods; a questionnaire was distributed and extension workers drawn from eight provinces of Zimbabwe. Mashonaland Central Province produced the highest number of respondents because the population for the province included ward and village extension workers in addition to the district and provincial extension officers and supervisors targeted in each province. From the projected sixty (60), forty four (44) districts participated. The study observed that indigenous knowledge is relevant in modern day agriculture and should be given sufficient attention in extension work. The study recommends that IK be documented and integrated into research, education and training for posterity.
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Mugwisi, Tinashe. „Applying Indigenous Knowledge in Agricultural Extension in Zimbabwe“. In Handbook of Research on Social, Cultural, and Educational Considerations of Indigenous Knowledge in Developing Countries, 303–23. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0838-0.ch016.
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Indigenous knowledge (IK) has been viewed as local knowledge that has been developed and accumulated, over time, by a community and has been passed down over generations. Such knowledge is represented in most spheres of human activity, such as in agriculture, traditional and alternative medicine, human and animal health, forestry and botany, among others. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how IK is accessed and used by agricultural extension workers in Zimbabwe. The study reviews the relevant literature and focuses largely on Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge (IAK). The study utilises both quantitative and qualitative methods; a questionnaire was distributed and extension workers drawn from eight provinces of Zimbabwe. Mashonaland Central Province produced the highest number of respondents because the population for the province included ward and village extension workers in addition to the district and provincial extension officers and supervisors targeted in each province. From the projected sixty (60), forty four (44) districts participated. The study observed that indigenous knowledge is relevant in modern day agriculture and should be given sufficient attention in extension work. The study recommends that IK be documented and integrated into research, education and training for posterity.
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Panda, Subhrajyoti, Satarupa Modak, Shruti Mohapatra, Litan Das, Sabita Mondal und Prabhat Kumar Pal. „INDEPTH STUDY ON PLURALSTIC EXTENSION SYSTEM IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE“. In Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 19, 51–67. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjso19p1ch7.
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In a country like India, where approximately eighty percent of farmers are small and marginal, addressing diverse agricultural issues requires a mixed economic approach. The pluralistic extension system aims to foster the development of mixed economies, incorporating elements of both capitalism and socialism, fostering closer collaboration between the public and private sectors. Over time, the pluralistic extension system has demonstrated that the widespread adoption of improved agricultural technologies is most successful when government organizations, NGOs, and private entities work together to provide advisory services to farmers. This approach necessitates joint planning, implementation, and evaluation of programs involving all service providers, in active partnership with farmers. In this pluralistic extension model, the government plays a crucial role in setting national policy direction, coordinating efforts, and ensuring quality control to safeguard the interests of farming communities. Consequently, the new extension paradigm recognizes the importance of multi-agency collaboration, harnessing the strengths of both public and non-public actors (such as the private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) in agricultural extension work to enhance the delivery system for all types of farmers
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Tripathy, Aspira S., und Deepak Kumar Sharma. „Image Processing Techniques Aiding Smart Agriculture“. In Modern Techniques for Agricultural Disease Management and Crop Yield Prediction, 23–48. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9632-5.ch002.
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With the ever-increasing load of satiating the agricultural demands, the transition of the orthodox methods into smart ones is inevitable. The agriculture sector for long has served as a momentous source of livelihood for many globally. It is arguably a major topic for nations of the development spectrum, contributing towards their export earnings and aiding in their GDP assessment. Thus, it is quite conspicuous that nations would work towards its expansion. In congruence, the burgeoning population and its demands have posed a threat to the environment due to extensive exploitation of resources, which in turn is escalating towards the downfall of the quality and quantity of agricultural produces requiring a 70% increment in the produces by 2050 for sustainability. To combat such hurdles, developed techniques are being employed. Through a survey of existing literature, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of various image processing means that could come in handy for ameliorating the present scenario and shows their implied extension in the smart farming world.
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Aram, I. Arul, und Sakthivel Murugan G. „Use of Mobiles for Promoting Agriculture in Puducherry, India“. In Handbook of Research on Recent Developments in Internet Activism and Political Participation, 241–56. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4796-0.ch015.
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This research work is based on an empirical investigation into mobile advisory services co-created by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), and the agriculture farmers' community of the Union Territory of Puducherry, India. This research work investigates the effectiveness of the agricultural extension tool of mobile phone audio messages among farmers in areas of rural in Puducherry, during the years 2010-2013. The research work analysed farmers' benefits, gaps in mobile advisory services (MAS), perception of mobile messages, socio-demographic, and socio-economic data. As a result, farmers were able to acquire knowledge and skills relating to their livelihoods and make timely decisions to cope with emerging issues and trends in agriculture to an extent of diversifying their cropping patterns. These messages enhanced their knowledge in crop management, latest farming technologies, and agriculture-related government schemes and entitlements, and post-harvest techniques along with care and management of livestock.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Agricultural extension work"
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Nikolić, Marija, Tamara Paunović und Milena B. Stevović. „AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE IN SERBIA – ATTITUDES OF FARMERS“. In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.389.
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In modern agriculture, farmers face certain problems in obtaining necessary information and improving agricultural production. This paper aimed to reveal the standpoints of farmers related to the role of agricultural extension services (AES) as a source of information and farmers’ opinion on the quality of work of extension officers. In order to examine this goal, two municipalities were selected, Alibunar and Kruševac. A total of 65 farmers were included in the research and a survey of their attitudes was conducted. The analysis of farmers’ attitudes indicates that some of them are still not sufficiently familiar with the work of extension service. In the municipality of Alibunar, the most important source of information is other farmers, although half of them regularly use services of AES. Farmers in Kruševac are more focused on using the services of extension officers, which they value as the most important source of information related to agricultural production. Farmers from both municipalities think that the work of extension officers, both in terms of transparency and quality of information, can be improved.
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Dangnga, Muhammad Siri, Andi Nuddin, Irninthya Nanda Pratami Irwan und Mr Buhaerah. „Influence of Motivation, Communication and Work Culture on the Performance of Agricultural Extension in Parepare“. In 2018 3rd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amca-18.2018.192.
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Minarik, Martin, und Jan Cimo. „CHANGE IN THE AREA OF CULTIVATION OF WATERMELON (CITRULLUS LANATUS) UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN SLOVAKIA“. In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.25.
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The threat of climate change and its negative consequences is currently a very serious and immediate problem. The most observable manifestation of climate change is undoubtedly global warming. The higher air temperature has already affected the length of the growing season in a large part of Europe. Flowering and ripening of cereals begin a few days earlier than was usual. These changes are expected to continue in many regions. The extension of the growing season and the frost-free period can generally lead to an increase in the productivity of agricultural production in Northern Europe. Higher temperatures and longer growing seasons allow new crops to be grown. On the other hand, extreme heat and a decrease in rainfall and water availability are expected to reduce crop productivity. Higher fluctuations in annual crop yields are expected due to the influence of extreme heat. This extreme heat is also associated with an increased incidence of pests and diseases. In the presented work, we focus on the changes in the areas of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivation in the years 1961-2020 with predictions for the horizons of 2050, 2075, 2100. The analysis itself was based on the length of the growing season. It is clear from the results how the areas of the possibility of growing the analyzed crop are changing, and what will be the assumption of changes in areas in the future. The change of individual bands changes in connection with the change of average temperatures. The results show how the possibilities of growing the analyzed crop are shifting to higher altitudes precisely in connection with climate change.
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Arslan, Firat, und Sinan Kartal. „Water management effect on tropical fruits: case study of Alanya, Turkey“. In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf112.
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Water is the source of life and is consumed mostly for agricultural purposes. Limited water is always a question in the Mediterranean region due to drought and climate change. Irrigation water requirement changes according to the crop pattern which is totally related to farmer decisions. Alanya is a town where tropical fruit cultivation area has increased dramatically as well as irrigation water requirements. Especially, bananas and avocados have become the most popular plants after citrus trees. The evapotranspiration of tropical fruits is higher than many other plants. For this reason, water becomes more valuable in the region due to limited water resources and irregular precipitation. In addition, rapid urbanization and tourism are the other big questions that cause the shift of agricultural areas to other areas, resulting in inadequate irrigation systems. Banana and avocado producers installed high technology of irrigation methods, such as drip and mini sprinkler systems. However, they do not measure the volume of irrigation water and still consume excessive water. In this study, social and technical precautions are taken by water authorities in the region for agricultural water management related to tropical fruit production. Data are obtained from the Agriculture Municipality and State Hydraulic Works and analysed by SWOT. As a result, the main findings are that irrigation water should be calculated, water volume should be measured at the farm level, and agricultural extension and consultancy should be increased for farmers’ education.
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Faryadi, Saba, Mohammadreza Davoodi und Javad Mohammadpour Velni. „Optimal Path Planning for a Team of Heterogeneous Drones to Monitor Agricultural Fields“. In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3244.
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Abstract In this work, we investigate the problem of finding the minimum coverage time of an agricultural field using a team of heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The aerial robotic system is assumed to be heterogeneous in terms of the equipped cameras’ field of view, flight speed, and battery capacity. The coverage problem is formulated as a vehicle routing problem (VRP) [1] with two significant extensions. First, the field is converted into a graph, including nodes and edges generated based on sweep direction and the minimum length of UAVs’ footprints. Second, the underlying optimization problem accounts for aerial vehicles having different sensor footprints. A series of simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed strategy can yield a satisfactory monitoring performance and offer promise to be used in practice.
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Kovaci, Idriz, und Alberta Tahiri. „The Role of Tourism Enterprises in Kosovo“. In Fifth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2021.31.
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The purpose of this paper is to assess the importance of the tourism enterprises in Kosovo in the level of satisfaction of tourists visiting Kosovo and in identifying the role played by the restaurant sector in promoting the traditional cuisine of the area, based on local production. The data to carry out this work were provided from extensive and contemporary literature as well as from primary sources, using quantitative research through questionnaires and qualitative research through in-depth interviews with chefs of restaurants operating in the tourist areas of Kosovo.
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McKillip, Robert, und Todd Quackenbush. „Multi-Domain Model for Rotorcraft Countermeasure Dispensing“. In Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14650.
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A multi-domain Eulerian/Lagrangian approach for modeling transient behavior of countermeasures released from tactical rotorcraft is being developed, that tracks chaff/flares/pyrophorics properties from initial dispensing and bloom, through entrainment within the rotorcraft flowfield, to final settling to the ground. Development of the software leverages extensive prior simulation and experimental work conducted at CDI on droplet and particle modeling, fuel jettisoning, agricultural airborne spraying applications, icing accretion, brownout cloud simulation, and store separation clearance determination. The software is designed for supporting applications that include chaff dispenser mounting design, piloted simulation training and tactics development, and radar cross-section (RCS) determination and engagement simulations. The code couples in CDI's real-time free wake analysis to support the development of accurate time-varying signature calculations and expands the potential for analysis of tactics and doctrine for countermeasure dispensing in both steady and maneuvering rotorcraft flight conditions.
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Siltumens, Kristaps, Inga Grinfelde, Sindija Liepa, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva und Anda Bakute. „POLDER SYSTEM IMPACT ON NATURA 2000 TERRITORIES: A CASE STUDY OF VALGUNDE LATVIA“. In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.18.
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The oversupply of water during the floods and the low soil surface levels determine the difficult ecological, economic, and demographic conditions. It then leads to using agricultural land of different types and intensities and various methods of regulating the water regime: summer polders. Human activity has significantly impacted the ecological processes of the floodplains of the Svete floodplain with extensive amelioration works that have significantly altered the appearance of a natural park. The total area of the natural park Svete floodplain is 931 ha. The Valgunde summer one polder channel is the regulated tributary of the right coast of Lielupe and Mellupite, partly part of the nature park's Svete floodplain nature-barred area. During summer, the polder areas are flooded during high water levels of Lielupe. Still, during the summer, they must adjust the optimum humidity regime and ensure drainage systems, including drainage operation or to regulate the humidity regime in the floodplain, to preserve and restore the habitats of wetlands flood meadows and populations of native wild plants and animal species, also to ensure the use of agricultural land, reconstruction works have been carried out at the same time. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of rebuilding works on the hydrological regime of the Natura2000 site. In August 2021, 12 groundwater level monitoring points were established. At the monitoring point, 2 m deep pipes were installed in a 50 mm diameter, with a perforated lower part. Ejkelkamp Micro-Diver was inserted into the pipes, which records water levels every hour. Oneyear observation data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal � Wallis. During the winter period, the polder flooded and drained systems for 65 days in the drained area and 156 days in the Natura2000 area.
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Uspensky, A. V., M. V. Arisov und O. A. Panova. „145th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF KONSTANTIN IVANOVICH SKRYABIN (1878-1972)“. In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.23-34.
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Konstantin Ivanovich Skryabin is an outstanding Helminthologist, Academician
of three Academies of Sciences (V. I. Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences, USSR Academy of Medical Sciences), Hero
of Socialist Labor, Lenin and Stalin (twice) prize winner, and Recipient of six Orders
of Lenin. In 2023, the 145th Anniversary of his birth will be celebrated on December
7, 1878. Konstantin Ivanovich received the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
in 1905 at the Yuryev Veterinary Institute (now the University of Tartu, Estonia).
After completing his studies until 1911, he worked as a local city veterinarian for the
first 2 years in Chimkent, and then in Aulie-Ata (later Dzhambul, now Taraz) of
Turkestan where he collected an extensive helminthological collection. From 1912 to 1914 he worked on probation in the field of helminthology abroad, namely, in
Germany, Switzerland, and France. Upon returning to Russia, he remained to work
at the Veterinary Laboratory of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in St. Petersburg.
From 1917 to 1920, K. I. Skryabin became the first Professor of the first Department
of Parasitology in Russia at the Don Veterinary Institute in Novocherkassk. He
organized not only pedagogical, but also scientific work; the idea of organizing
helminthological expeditions was born here. In 1920, upon his return to Moscow,
he became the Head of the Helminthological Department of the State Institute of
Experimental Veterinary Medicine (SIEVM). All subsequent vigorous scientific
activity of Konstantin Ivanovich was aimed at strengthening the positions of
helminthology as a science in Russia, and expanding the network of educational
and scientific organizations. K. I. Skryabin and his students created a huge number
of works: articles and monographs. His publications list includes about 700 titles
including a number of fundamental multivolume papers. Konstantin Ivanovich
Skryabin died on October 17, 1972. He was buried at the Novo-Dyevitchiye
cemetery in Moscow.
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A. LOPES, José, und Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO. „INPUT OF COMMUNAL FORESTS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL POPULATION: STUDY CASE OF NORTHERN PORTUGAL AND GALICIA“. In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.227.
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Communal forests occupy one million hectares in the Northern of Portugal and Galicia. Since centuries ago, “Baldios” and “Montes Veciñais en Man Común” (MVMC) played an essential function in the economy of their owner communities. This role was lost all through the last century due to the enormous afforestation and the decrease of agriculture. The restitution of democratic regimes returned the communal forests tenure to the communities. Given the extension and high average area, our paper aims to research its potentialities and limitations of contribution to rural development. Two case studies, one in North Portugal and another one in Galicia, allow identifying the individual and collective traditional uses and the achievements made with revenues linked. Both Galician and Portuguese realities exhibit similarities and complementary benefits, and needing social and economic innovation to make a better use of rural resilience. Communal lands and small-scale business projects could maintain the network of local produce markets with attractive aesthetic values as well as biodiversity conservation. The comparison of the different criteria shows economic aspects are the most valorised by the stakeholders. The management decision of collective forests was the alternative mixed by the communities and the Forestry Services as the best one to complete the main objective of sustainable rural development. As a final conclusion of our work, remarking that the communities owning these forests currently seem to have the conditions to successfully manage their properties if the commoners are able to mobilize and adequate organize the communities.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Agricultural extension work"
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Mayorga, Román. Closing the Gap. Inter-American Development Bank, Januar 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008787.
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This technical study discusses the support of the Inter-American Development Bank for higher education and science and technology in Latin America and the Caribbean region. Since the 1960s, the IDB has approved many loans and technical cooperation operations in those fields and for agricultural research and extension activities, middle-level technical education, and job training. This study seeks to explain how the IDB has envisioned and performed its work in science and technology and to offer a conceptual basis for a new strategy, needed to assist the region in tackling the challenges of the twenty-first century with respect to knowledge.
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Gurung, M. B., Uma Pratap, N. C. T. D. Shrestha, H. K. Sharma, N. Islam und N. B. Tamang. Beekeeping Training for Farmers in Afghanistan: Resource Manual for Trainers [in Urdu]. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.564.
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Beekeeping contributes to rural development by supporting agricultural production through pollination and by providing honey, wax, and other products for home use and sale. It offers a good way for resource-poor farmers in the Hindu Kush Himalayas to obtain income, as it requires only a small start-up investment, can be carried out in a small space close to the home, and generally yields profits within a year of operation. A modern approach to bee management, using frame hives and focusing on high quality, will help farmers benefit most fully from beekeeping. This manual is designed to help provide beekeepers with the up-to-date training they need. It presents an inclusive curriculum developed through ICIMOD’s work with partner organizations in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, supported by the Austrian Development Agency. A wide range of stakeholders – trainers, trainees, government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), associations and federations, and private entrepreneurs – were engaged in the identification of curriculum needs and in development and testing of the curriculum. The manual covers the full range of beekeeping-related topics, including the use of bees for crop pollination; production of honey, wax and other hive products; honey quality standards; and using value chain and market management to increase beekeepers’ benefits. It also includes emerging issues and innovations regarding such subjects as indigenous honeybees, gender and equity, integrated pest management, and bee-related policy. The focus is on participatory hands-on training, with clear explanations in simple language and many illustrations. The manual provides a basic resource for trainers and field extension workers in government and NGOs, universities, vocational training institutes, and private sector organizations, and for local trainers in beekeeping groups, beekeeping resource centres, cooperatives, and associations, for use in training Himalayan farmers. Individual ICIMOD regional member countries are planning local language editions adapted for their countries’ specific conditions.
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Tobin, Daniel, Rama Radhakrishna, Allison Chatrchyan, Joana Chan und Shorna Allred. Climate Change Capacity Discovery: Current Activities and Future Priorities at Land-grant Universities in the Northeast. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.6960278.ch.
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This report details the findings from the Capacity Discovery project, an online survey implemented in spring 2015 that documented the current and future capacity of land-grant universities in the Northeast to address climate change research and Extension work in the agriculture, natural resources, and forestry sectors.
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Wenner, Mark D. Agricultural Insurance Revisited: New Developments and Perspectives in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, Oktober 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011212.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide Bank staff interested in agricultural yield insurance market development, public officials responsible for financial market policy formulation and supervision, and insurance industry practitioners in Latin America and the Caribbean with a basic primer on the topic, an overview of previous experiences, and a set of guidelines and recommendations on how to develop viable and sustainable agricultural yield insurance markets. The paper relies heavily on the data and analysis stemming from a regional technical cooperation project financed by the Spanish Trust Fund, which conducted reviews and pre-feasibility studies in three countries--the Dominican Republic, Peru, and Uruguay--between 2003-2004. That work has been supplemented by an extensive economic literature review, fieldwork in Honduras, and numerous interviews and exchanges of opinions with leading authorities on the topic and key regional stakeholders.
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Parsons, David, Elisabet Nadeau, Dannylo Sousa, Magdalena Åkerfeldt, Gun Bernes, Per Hansson, Birgitta Åhman et al. Leys from a Nordic perspective : a knowledge compilation. Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.1kvv46i0hf.
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The project involved creating a popular scientific review of the cultivation and use of leys for livestock. Target groups are the agricultural sector and industry. The project had four work packages (WP): crop production, harvest and conservation, feed value for different animals, and economy. Within each work package, search strings were developed and inclusion criteria defined, and a database for each WP developed through searching in online databases. Each selected article was assessed first on the title (include or exclude), second based on reading the abstract, and third based on reading the article. The review provides an extensive list of literature related to ley production and use, a description of the most important findings, and suggestions for future research.
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Schat, Karel Antoni, Irit Davidson und Dan Heller. Chicken infectious anemia virus: immunosuppression, transmission and impact on other diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695591.bard.
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1. Original Objectives. The original broad objectives of the grant were to determine A) the impact of CAV on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) (CU), B). the interactions between chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) with an emphasis on horizontal spread of CAV through feathers (KVI), and C) the impact of CAV infection on Salmonella typhimurium (STM) (HUJI). During the third year and the one year no cost extension the CU group included some work on the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine for CAV, which was partially funded by the US Poultry and Egg Association. 2. Background to the topic. CAV is a major pathogen causing clinical disease if maternal antibody-free chickens are infected vertically or horizontally between 1 and 14 days of age. Infection after 3 weeks of age when maternal antibodies are not longer present can cause severe subclinical immunosuppression affecting CTL and cytokine expression. The subclinical immunosuppression can aggravate many diseases including Marek’s disease (MD) and several bacterial infections. 3. Major conclusions and achievements. The overall project contributed in the following ways to the knowledge about CAV infection in poultry. As expected CAV infections occur frequently in Israel causing problems to the industry. To control subclinical infections vaccination may be needed and our work indicates that the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine is feasible. It was previously known that CAV can spread vertically and horizontally, but the exact routes of the latter had not been confirmed. Our results clearly show that CAV can be shed into the environment through feathers. A potential interaction between CAV and MD virus (MDV) in the feathers was noted which may interfere with MDV replication. It was also learned that inoculation of 7-day-old embryos causes growth retardation and lesions. The potential of CAV to cause immunosuppression was further examined using CTL responses to REV. CTL were obtained from chickens between 36 and 44 days of age with REV and CAV given at different time points. In contrast to our earlier studies, in these experiments we were unable to detect a direct impact of CAV on REV-specific CTL, perhaps because the CTL were obtained from older birds. Inoculation of CAV at one day of age decreased the IgG antibody responses to inactivated STM administered at 10 days of age. 4. Scientific and Agricultural Implications The impact of the research was especially important for the poultry industry in Israel. The producers have been educated on the importance of the disease through the many presentations. It is now well known to the stakeholders that CAV can aggravate other diseases, decrease productivity and profitability. As a consequence they monitor the antibody status of the breeders so that the maternal antibody status of the broilers is known. Also vaccination of breeder flock that remain antibody negative may become feasible further reducing the negative impact of CAV infection. Vaccination may become more important because improved biosecurity of the breeder flocks to prevent avian influenza and Salmonella may delay the onset of seroconversion for CAV by natural exposure resulting in CAV susceptible broilers lacking maternal antibodies. Scientifically, the research added important information on the horizontal spread of CAV through feathers, the interactions with Salmonella typhimurium and the demonstration that antigen-antibody complex vaccines may provide protective immunity.
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Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright und Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, Februar 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.
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Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.
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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur A. Schaffer, Ilan Levin, Marina Petreikov und Adi Doron-Faigenboim. Manipulating fruit chloroplasts as a strategy to improve fruit quality. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598148.bard.
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The Original Objectives were modified and two were eliminated to reflect the experimental results: Objective 1 - Identify additional genetic variability in SlGLK2 and IPin wild, traditional and heirloom tomato varieties Objective 2 - Determine carbon balance and horticultural characteristics of isogenic lines expressing functional and non-functional alleles of GLKsand IP Background: The goal of the research was to understand the unique aspects of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in green fruit and the consequences of increasing the chloroplast capacity of green fruit for ripe fruit sugars, yield, flavor and nutrient qualities. By focusing on the regulation of chloroplast formation and development solely in fruit, our integrated knowledge of photosynthetic structures/organs could be broadened and the results of the work could impact the design of manipulations to optimize quality outputs for the agricultural fruit with enhanced sugars, nutrients and flavors. The project was based on the hypothesis that photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic plastid metabolism in green tomato fruit is controlled at a basal level by light for minimal energy requirements but fruit-specific genes regulate further development of robust chloroplasts in this organ. Our BARD project goals were to characterize and quantitate the photosynthesis and chloroplast derived products impacted by expression of a tomato Golden 2- like 2 transcription factor (US activities) in a diverse set of 31 heirloom tomato lines and examine the role of another potential regulator, the product of the Intense Pigment gene (IP activities). Using tomato Golden 2-like 2 and Intense Pigment, which was an undefined locus that leads to enhanced chloroplast development in green fruit, we sought to determine the benefits and costs of extensive chloroplast development in fruit prior to ripening. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter, coding and intronicSlGLK2 sequences of 20 heirloom tomato lines were identified and three SlGLK2 promoter lineages were identified; two lineages also had striped fruit variants. Lines with striped fruit but no shoulders were not identified. Green fruit chlorophyll and ripe fruit soluble sugar levels were measured in 31 heirloom varieties and fruit size correlates with ripe fruit sugars but dark shoulders does not. A combination of fine mapping, recombinant generation, RNAseq expression and SNP calling all indicated that the proposed localization of a single locus IP on chr 10 was incorrect. Rather, the IP line harbored 11 separate introgressions from the S. chmielewskiparent, scattered throughout the genome. These introgressions harbored ~3% of the wild species genome and no recombinant consistently recovered the IP parental phenotype. The 11 introgressions were dissected into small combinations in segregating recombinant populations. Based on these analyses two QTL for Brix content were identified, accounting for the effect of increased Brix in the IP line. Scientific and agricultural implications: SlGLK2 sequence variation in heirloom tomato varieties has been identified and can be used to breed for differences in SlGLK2 expression and possibly in the green striped fruit phenotype. Two QTL for Brix content have been identified in the S. chmielewskiparental line and these can be used for increasing soluble solids contents in breeding programs.
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Morriss, Matthew C. Interim Geologic Map of the Vernal NE Quadrangle, Uintah County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, Juni 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-762.
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The Vernal NE 7.5' quadrangle is located at the northern boundary of the Colorado Plateau physiographic province, within the Uinta Basin sub-province (Fenneman and Johnson, 1946). The Middle Rocky Mountains, in Fenneman and Johnson’s (1946) classification, is located east and north of the quadrangle. The quadrangle includes Ashley Valley, centered on Ashley Creek, which drains the southern flank of the Uinta Mountains. The western part of the quadrangle is defined by the northwest-southeast-trending Asphalt Ridge and the west-dipping slope along the flank of the ridge. The northeastern part of the quadrangle is largely hills composed of Mancos Shale with a cap of pediment gravel (Sprinkel, 2006). The alluvial valley of Ashley Creek has developed into three distinct communities: Maeser, Naples, and Vernal, which is the most populous city and the County Seat. Nearly all of Ashley Valley is privately owned, allowing for continued growth of these communities and extensive farming operations. Tracts of the quadrangle along its western and eastern edges are a mix of Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands. The primary goals of this map are to provide up-to-date geologic information on the geology surrounding Vernal for the urbanized valley and to break out more detail on Mesozoic units in this region of the Uinta Basin. This work builds on previous mapping by Doug Sprinkel (UGS, retired) (Sprinkel, 2007, 2023). Geology on the periphery and for edge-matching was provided at the 1:24,000 scale through maps of the Dry Fork, Steinaker Reservoir, Donkey Flat, and Vernal NW quadrangles (Haddox et al., 2010; Jensen et al., 2016; Webb, 2017). Mapping was conducted using a combination of black-and-white stereographic photographs from 1937, 1938, and 1974 (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA], 1937; BLM, 1974) and from 1-meter-resolution light detection and ranging (lidar) data (U.S. Geological Survey, 2018). Mapping was aided with the help of relative elevation models, a derivative from a digital elevation model (DEM), to ascertain the elevation of different terrace treads above the modern river channel (Slaughter and Hubert, 2014; Larrieu, 2022).
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Barg, Rivka, Erich Grotewold und Yechiam Salts. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development by Interacting MYB Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592647.bard.
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Background to the topic: Early tomato fruit development is executed via extensive cell divisions followed by cell expansion concomitantly with endoreduplication. The signals involved in activating the different modes of growth during fruit development are still inadequately understood. Addressing this developmental process, we identified SlFSM1 as a gene expressed specifically during the cell-division dependent stages of fruit development. SlFSM1 is the founder of a class of small plant specific proteins containing a divergent SANT/MYB domain (Barg et al 2005). Before initiating this project, we found that low ectopic over-expression (OEX) of SlFSM1 leads to a significant decrease in the final size of the cells in mature leaves and fruits, and the outer pericarp is substantially narrower, suggesting a role in determining cell size and shape. We also found the interacting partners of the Arabidopsis homologs of FSM1 (two, belonging to the same family), and cloned their tomato single homolog, which we named SlFSB1 (Fruit SANT/MYB–Binding1). SlFSB1 is a novel plant specific single MYB-like protein, which function was unknown. The present project aimed at elucidating the function and mode of action of these two single MYB proteins in regulating tomato fruit development. The specific objectives were: 1. Functional analysis of SlFSM1 and its interacting protein SlFSB1 in relation to fruit development. 2. Identification of the SlFSM1 and/or SlFSB1 cellular targets. The plan of work included: 1) Detailed phenotypic, histological and cellular analyses of plants ectopically expressing FSM1, and plants either ectopically over-expressing or silenced for FSB1. 2) Extensive SELEX analysis, which did not reveal any specific DNA target of SlFSM1 binding, hence the originally offered ChIP analysis was omitted. 3) Genome-wide transcriptional impact of gain- and loss- of SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 function by Affymetrix microarray analyses. This part is still in progress and therefore results are not reported, 4) Search for additional candidate partners of SlFSB1 revealed SlMYBI to be an alternative partner of FSB1, and 5) Study of the physical basis of the interaction between SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 and between FSB1 and MYBI. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We established that FSM1 negatively affects cell expansion, particularly of those cells with the highest potential to expand, such as the ones residing inner to the vascular bundles in the fruit pericarp. On the other hand, FSB1 which is expressed throughout fruit development acts as a positive regulator of cell expansion. It was also established that besides interacting with FSM1, FSB1 interacts also with the transcription factor MYBI, and that the formation of the FSB1-MYBI complex is competed by FSM1, which recognizes in FSB1 the same region as MYBI does. Based on these findings a model was developed explaining the role of this novel network of the three different MYB containing proteins FSM1/FSB1/MYBI in the control of tomato cell expansion, particularly during fruit development. In short, during early stages of fruit development (Phase II), the formation of the FSM1-FSB1 complex serves to restrict the expansion of the cells with the greatest expansion potential, those non-dividing cells residing in the inner mesocarp layers of the pericarp. Alternatively, during growth phase III, after transcription of FSM1 sharply declines, FSB1, possibly through complexing with the transcription factor MYBI serves as a positive regulator of the differential cell expansion which drives fruit enlargement during this phase. Additionally, a novel mechanism was revealed by which competing MYB-MYB interactions could participate in the control of gene expression. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The demonstrated role of the FSM1/FSB1/MYBI complex in controlling differential cell growth in the developing tomato fruit highlights potential exploitations of these genes for improving fruit quality characteristics. Modulation of expression of these genes or their paralogs in other organs could serve to modify leaf and canopy architecture in various crops.