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1
Chazarreta, Adriana. „Applying Stavenhagen’s Analytical Approach to Research on Argentine Agrarian Social Structure“. Latin American Perspectives 45, Nr. 2 (08.01.2018): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17749459.
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Rodolfo Stavenhagen’s analytical approach, as laid out in his 1965 “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America,” prioritized a dialectical perspective and relationships of functionality between two dynamics within a single structure and crystallized in fundamental conceptual proposals such as internal colonialism and a focus on the analysis of agrarian social structure. Application of the approach to current research problems in Argentina sheds light on the changes in agrarian social structure that have taken place in recent decades, in particular changes in dominant forms of land tenure, the relations of production, and the functional relationships between areas at different levels of development. La perspectiva analítica que Rodolfo Stavenhagen desarrolla en “Siete tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina ” prioriza la perspectiva dialéctica y las relaciones de funcionalidad entre dos dinámicas de una misma estructura y cristalizada en propuestas como el concepto de “colonialismo interno” y en el análisis de la estructura social agraria. La actualidad de este abordaje para definir algunos problemas de investigación que remiten a los cambios ocurridos en las últimas décadas en la estructura social agraria de Argentina arroja luz sobre cambios a las formas dominantes de propiedad y tenencia de la tierra, a las relaciones de producción en el agro y a las relaciones de funcionalidad que se establecen entre zonas o áreas de diferentes niveles de desarrollo.
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Et. al., Aryuni Salpiana Jabar,. „Typology of Agrarian Structure on Transmigration Land to Achieve Agrarian Transformation“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 5 (10.04.2021): 1044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.1749.
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Land ownership and land mastery are two things that build rural structures in the community. In the peasant community, the Agrarian structure becomes the determinant of other aspects of life, such as agricultural production rate, income level as well as economic and other social factors. The importance of Agrarian structure in the peasant community makes researchers conduct a study aimed at analysing the typology of the Agrarian structure of transmigrant farmers in South Konawe Province of Southeast Sulawesi through a combination of ownership aspects and mastery aspects. This research used qualitative methods by taking one case, namely in the Transmigration Settlement Unit (UPT) Arongo in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The results showed that through the combination of aspects of land ownership and land mastery as a form of Agrarian structure, there are three typologies of Agrarian structure form in the UPT. Arongo, owning and mastering agricultural land, owning but not mastering land and not owning but mastering land. To achieve Agrarian transformation, the ideal typology of Agrarian structures for peasant communities is in the form of Agrarian structures in which people own land while mastering it so that land management is optimal.
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Greenough, Paul, und Sugata Bose. „Agrarian Bengal: Economy, Social Structure, and Politics, 1919-1947“. American Historical Review 93, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1988): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1863656.
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Kopf, David, und Sugata Bose. „Agrarian Bengal: Economy, Social Structure and Politics, 1919-1947“. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, Nr. 2 (1988): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204721.
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5
Ghosh, Madhusudan. „Agrarian structure and rural poverty in India“. Journal of Contemporary Asia 28, Nr. 2 (Januar 1998): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472339880000111.
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Maryschinets, A. „SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS OF TRANSFORMATION IN AGRARIAN SPHERE OF UKRAINE“. Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 19, Nr. 4(23) (20.03.2015): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2014.4(23).39367.
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Purpose. The aim of the research is to determine the nature and the content of social and political factors of transformation in agrarian sphere of Ukraine. The present study supports agriculture, the subject of social and political factors of transformation in agrarian sphere, such as land reform and institutional transformation. Methodology. The methodology of the research is based on the usage of methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, the unity of the historical and logical comparisons, mathematical, statistical and cartographic methods. Finding. The core and the foundation of socio-political factors of transformation in agrarian sphere is considered the agrarian reform. Under the agrarian reform, we understand – a set of measures aimed at restructuring land relations, ownership of land and property as a result of transition from planned to market-economic system. In Ukraine, the agrarian reform was developed in two stages: preparatory – until December 1999 (when the Decree of President of Ukraine dated 3 December 1999 «On urgent measures to accelerate the reform of the agricultural sector» was established); second – radical in 1999. During the agrarian reform the farmers became the owners of the land. Three basic forms of management were established– private households, farms, farms of market type. In the process of institutional transformation in agrarian sphere state and collective farms virtually disappeared, but new private farms, cooperatives, limited liability companies, joined stock companies, private households appeared. The territorial structure of agricultural production was also transformed. Results. Among the factors of transformation in the agrarian sphere of Ukraine, sociopolitical factors are undoubtedly one of the most important. In the process of transformation the separate model of agrarian reform has been created, the agrarian reform included several stages, a new institutional system based on private ownership was created.
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Anatolii POLTAVETS, Anatolii POLTAVETS. „Land resources management toolkit of agrarian enterprises“. Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 7, Nr. 2 (11.05.2022): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2022-2-49.
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The paper considers the composition and substantiates the structure of land resource management tools at agrarian enterprises. The theoretical and methodological approach to determining the composition and structure of land resources management tools at agrarian enterprises, which consists of the allocation of territorial-spatial, production-technological, agro-ecological, organizational-legal, and organizational-economic groups, is substantiated. Indicators of intensity use of land resources at agrarian enterprises were determined, the analysis and evaluation of which is the basis of land resource management at agrarian enterprises. A set of functions of land resource management at agrarian enterprises has been established, which specify the content of land resource management at agrarian enterprises. It was singled out that certain instruments of influence on the process of land resource use at agrarian enterprises lead to the consequences of this process in the form of economic, ecological, and social results. It has been proven that combining the tools of different groups with the aim of their complex application and obtaining the greatest effects of the use of land resources is expedient to be carried out based on a comparison of economic, ecological, and social results, taking into account the production and commodity specialization of agrarian enterprises, as well as their production scales and sizes. It is substantiated that the priority of obtaining certain results of land use at agrarian enterprises determines the combination of management tools and the degree of integration of the management mechanism of the use of land resources into the management of agrarian enterprises. Keywords: land resources, management mechanism, efficiency, tools, balanced development.
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Sihaloho, Martua, Ekawati Sri Wahyuni, Rilus A. Kinseng und Sediono M. P. Tjondronegoro. „International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle“. Journal of Sustainable Development 9, Nr. 4 (30.07.2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p113.
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Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.
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Pechenevsky, V. F., und O. I. Snegirev. „The main conceptual directions of the formation and development of the agrarian structure in the Central Black Earth macro-region“. Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, Nr. 1 (15.05.2020): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-283-290.
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The growth of modern systemic challenges in the context of globalization and integration processes leads to the creation of an effective regional agrarian structure, as one of the most pressing problems of scientific research in economic and social forecasting. The formation of an effective modern agrarian structure and the prospects for its long-term development will largely be determined by state policy, the institution of selective structural support for the state. The agrarian policy of the state to improve the institutional agrarian structure in the region on the basis of foreign and domestic experience should: - contribute to the growth in the number of family peasant farms in all sub-sectors of agriculture in all territories of the region; - create favorable economic conditions that stimulate the economy to create consumer (service) cooperatives of various specializations; - to economically stimulate large agro-industrial formations to interact with small forms of agribusiness. The conceptual directions and mechanisms of the long-term development of the agrarian structure in the Central Chernozem Region are defined, which include goals, stages, principles and objectives of the long-term development of the agrarian structure in the region, legal regulation, financial support, innovative development, the development of markets for agricultural products measures to implement the concept.
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Das, Raju J. „Poverty and agrarian social structure: A case study in rural India“. Dialectical Anthropology 20, Nr. 2 (Juni 1995): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01298416.
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Ossome, Lyn, und Sirisha C. Naidu. „Does Land Still Matter? Gender and Land Reforms in Zimbabwe“. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy: A triannual Journal of Agrarian South Network and CARES 10, Nr. 2 (27.07.2021): 344–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22779760211029176.
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The Fast Track Land Reform Program (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe effected changes in the racial, class, and gender structure of land ownership. However, while changes in the racial and class structure have been well explored in existing literature, their articulation to gender in the agrarian structure is not yet well understood. This is because the literature has mainly accounted for gender in relation to the formal redistribution of land to women through titling, and not as a structural element of agrarian reform that locates women within the labor and capital nexus of land ownership. This article aims to fill this gap in our understanding of the gendered agrarian component of FTLRP by locating gender within the political economy of the agrarian reform and by evaluating gender in relation to the capitalist accumulation structure which the land reform sought to alter.
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Fitriansyah, Hadi, Ronald Sukwadi und Budi Kartadinata. „IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM FOR AGRARIAN REFORM IN AGRARIAN REFORM VILLAGE IN BANGKA CENTRAL DISTRICT (CASE STUDY: CAMBAI SELATAN VILLAGE)“. Jurnal REP (Riset Ekonomi Pembangunan) 7, Nr. 2 (07.10.2022): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rep.v7i2.238.
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Agrarian reform is defined as a process of reorganizing the structure of control, ownership, use, and utilization of land so that it is more equitable. The Agrarian Reform Village is expected to be a small-scale embodiment of the equal distribution of the structure of control, ownership, use, and utilization of land to improve social justice and community welfare. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Agrarian Reform activities in South Cambai Village as Agrarian Reform Village and analyze land that can be used as Land Object of Agrarian Reform potential. The method used in this research is descriptive and spatial analysis in determining the potential of Land Object of Agrarian Reform. The results of the analysis show that from 727 registered land parcels, 18% of the subjects receiving Land Object of Agrarian Reform work as farmers, and subjects receiving land for the agrarian reform object are indicated to have not been targeted. With the integration of asset management and access arrangement, the resulting impact is an increase in people's income. The potential of land that does not have strong legality is 900.96 hectares or with a percentage of 33% of the total area of South Cambai Village.
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Cruz, Pablo, Nancy Egan, Richard Joffre, Jorge L. Cladera und Thierry Winkel. „When the Past Lives in the Present. Agrarian Landscapes and Historical Social Dynamics in the Southern Andes (Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina)“. Land 10, Nr. 7 (30.06.2021): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070687.
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This article examines the agrarian landscape in one part of the southern Andes (Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina). The region possesses extensive and well-preserved archaeological remains of agricultural systems, which stretch back to pre-Hispanic times. In this study, we employ an interdisciplinary approach in our analysis of the components that structure the agrarian landscape, especially those historical processes that intervened in its formation. The creation of a cartographic base, built from remote sensing and fieldwork data, allowed for the identification of four principal components of the landscape, each of which correspond to distinct phases or periods that mark the region’s history. Our study shows that, in contrast to what is observed in many other rural areas, the successive productive dynamics that developed in the area did not result in the destruction of previous productive structures. Rather, the agrarian landscape in the study area presents a multi-temporal agglutinating combination or composition, which transcends historical discontinuities in the productive matrix. This is owing to the partial reutilisation of previous structures in each period; however, religious and cultural factors play an important role. The agrarian landscape we studied is not only a passive result of human activity, but also a force influencing the productive and lifestyle decisions of the peasant populations that live there today. Our research amplifies the understanding of agrarian landscapes in the Andes and shows how past temporalities are articulated with the present through a dialectical process.
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Taraborin, R. S. „Agrarian society in transition: The adaptive potential of law“. E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128208005.
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Agrarian society is considered in terms of the functional role of law in ensuring the adaptation of individuals and social strata (estates) to the transformations that occur in its transition to an industrial (modern) state. The universal functionalism of law is described as the most important integrating factor of agrarian society in the transition era. The special importance of civil law in realization of adaptation function of law is revealed. The dualism of positive and customary law, the reasons of its formation in agrarian society and its stabilizing influence on social and class structure and its stability are analyzed. The peculiarities of civil-legal dualism in Russian agrarian society are determined. The ways of possible transformation of legal dualism in the course of system transformation of Russian society in the second part of XIX - beginning of XX centuries are analysed in details. It proves that the insoluble dual structure of Russian civil law at legislative and law-enforcement levels has created significant limitations in the implementation of the adaptive function of law in the Russian transitional era.
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Albizua, Amaia, Elena M. Bennett, Guillaume Larocque, Robert W. Krause und Unai Pascual. „Social networks influence farming practices and agrarian sustainability“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 1 (07.01.2021): e0244619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244619.
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The social-ecological effects of agricultural intensification are complex. We explore farmers’ perceptions about the impacts of their land management and the impact of social information flows on their management through a case study in a farming community in Navarra, Spain, that is undergoing agricultural intensification due to adoption of large scale irrigation. We found that modern technology adopters are aware that their management practices often have negative social-ecological implications; by contrast, more traditional farmers tend to recognize their positive impacts on non-material benefits such as those linked with traditions and traditional knowledge, and climate regulation. We found that farmers’ awareness about nature contributions to people co-production and their land management decisions determine, in part, the structure of the social networks among the farming community. Since modern farmers are at the core of the social network, they are better able to control the information flow within the community. This has important implications, such as the fact that the traditional farmers, who are more aware of their impacts on the environment, rely on information controlled by more intensive modern farmers, potentially jeopardizing sustainable practices in this region. We suggest that this might be counteracted by helping traditional farmers obtain information tailored to their practices from outside the social network.
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Fauzi, Ahmad. „REFORMASI AGRARIA DALAM KERANGKA OTONOMI DAERAH“. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 6, Nr. 2 (31.03.2022): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v6i2.678.
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ABSTRACT
Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pembaruan agraria dipercayai sebagai proses perombakan agraria di daerah dan pembangunan kembali struktur sosial masyarakat, serta terjaminnya kepastian penguasaan atas tanah bagi rakyat sebagai sumberdaya kehidupan mereka, sistem kesejahteraan sosial dan jaminan sosial bagi rakyat di daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yuridis normatif, hanya meneliti normanya saja sehingga hanya meneliti bahan kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan spefikasi penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analitis yaitu penelitian yang menggambarkan secara menyeluruh dan sistematis dari pokok masalah. Hasil yang diperoleh diharapkan memberikan gambaran yang sebenarnya dari permasalahan, maka daerah diharapkan mampu meningkatkan daya saing dengan memperhatikan prinsip demokrasi, pemerataan, keadilan, keistimewaan, dan kekhususan serta potensi dan keanekaragaman daerah dalam sistem Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Urusan pelayanan pertanahan secraa yuridis formal adalah merupakan urusan wajib yang diberikan oleh Undang-undang kepada pemerintahan daerah, untuk tercapainya kepastian dan perlindungan hukum serta keadilan dan kemakmuran bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia pemerintah mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria. Keywords: agraria; otonomi daerah; reformasi.
ABSTRACT
This study discusses how agrarian reform is believed to be a process of overhauling land in the region and rebuilding the social structure of society, as well as ensuring certainty over land tenure for the people as their source of livelihood, social welfare system and social security for the people in the region. The research used is normative juridical, only researching the norms so that only researching library materials. In this study, the author uses research specifications that are descriptive analytical, namely research that describes thoroughly and systematically from the subject matter. From the results obtained, it is expected to provide a true picture of the problem. So the regions are expected to be able to increase competitiveness by taking into account the principles of democracy, equity, justice, privilege, and specificity as well as the potential and diversity of regions in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The affairs of land services are mandatory matters given by law to regional governments. To achieve legal certainty and protection as well as justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people, the government issued Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 concerning Agrarian Reform. Keywords: agrarian; reform; regional autonomy.
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Shmakov, V. S. „Points of Social-Economic Growth of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Russian Federation“. Siberian Journal of Philosophy 16, Nr. 3 (2018): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2018-16-3-162-172.
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The article analyses the problem of determining the factors, rates and directions of social and economic growth in the agrarian sphere of the Russian Federation. To ensure the sustainable development of the agrarian economy and rural local communities, the most significant points of agricultural development have been identified: the state agrarian policy, innovation and technological development, the creation of a cluster structure of production, and the formation of human capital. An analysis of the influence of growth points on the development of the agro-industrial complex is provided. The introduction of new machinery and technologies, attraction of investments can contribute to socio-economic and sociocultural transformations of rural local communities, qualitative and quantitative changes in the life of the village. A comprehensive approach to assessing the current state of development of the Russian village is proposed.
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Djurfeldt, Göran. „Classes as Clients of the State: Landlords and Labourers in Andalusia“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 1993): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500018296.
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This is a study of landlordism, agricultural labourers, and the State of Andalusia in southern Spain. This region, a classical case of landlordism, deviates from the typically West European agrarian structure dominated by the family farm. Andalusia's history centers on the conflict over land between a majority of landless peasants and a minority of powerful landlords, which was one of the main causes of the Spanish civil war. This study deals with two periods covering nearly fifty years of this latifundist system and its conflictridden relations of production. It examines the freezing of the agrarian structure for nearly forty years by the dictatorship of Francisco Franco and the adaptation of social and agrarian policy for the next ten years by the socialists. In other words, this is the story of how the agricultural laborers of Andalusia were transformed in less than one-half century from “peasants without land” to “clients of the welfare state” dependent on the social policies of the state.
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Sujadi, Suparjo. „MASALAH-MASALAH HUKUM AKTUAL DALAM WACANA REFORMASI AGRARIA DI INDONESIA“. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 37, Nr. 1 (21.02.2007): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol37.no1.143.
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AbstrakThis article does endeavor to launch many issues in recent agrarian reformin Indonesia. Many factors become considerations to conduct newlyagrarian reforms and momentously. The prior agrarian reforms outstandingin the ideal agrarian and land tenure structure that has reflected many landconflicts needs adequate resolution. That situation coincides to the hugenumber of deprived people who living in less in public service such as food,education, health, living hood that have reflected any social-economic gaps.All of them ideally are the mostly agrarian concern to be accomplished bymainly idea to create ideal land tenure and access to land itself. Ultimately,the unfinished on delegation of power between central to local government inpost decentralization law since 1999 has been substantial problems.
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Emelyanov, A. „Interaction of Economic Patterns in Agrarian Sector“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 11 (20.11.2003): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-11-120-132.
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The social and economic structure of the Russian agrarian sector which developed during its reforming in the 1990s is analyzed in the article. Economic basis of interaction of economic patterns in this sector is considered. Factors of improving the use of potential of different economic patterns for providing national food independence and revival of the Russian village are analyzed.
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Brown, Pete. „Institutions, Inequalities, and the Impact of Agrarian Reform on Rural Mexican Communities“. Human Organization 56, Nr. 1 (01.03.1997): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.56.1.x3513m5414374720.
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In 1992, Mexico revised its agrarian code ending the redistribution of land and allowing the privatization of Mexico's ejidos. This article examines the potential impacts of these changes through a comparison of two communities, one ejido, the other private property — a comparison that mirrors the changes introduced in the new agrarian reform. I document how the communities' foundation under these two different institutions profoundly shaped the historical and contemporary structure of landholdings and community relations. The ejido community was characterized by greater equality and community solidarity, and fewer social problems. The private property community had extreme inequalities, community relations divided by class interests, and newly-developed social problems. These differences, I argue, presage impending changes in agrarian communities throughout rural Mexico.
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Araghi, Farshad A. „Agrarian class structure and obstacles to capitalist development in Iran“. Journal of Contemporary Asia 17, Nr. 3 (Januar 1987): 293–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472338780000211.
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Sastre, Inés. „Forms of social inequality in the Castro Culture of north-west Iberia“. European Journal of Archaeology 5, Nr. 2 (2002): 213–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2002.5.2.213.
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A new theoretical model is proposed for the definition of social structure and processes of change of the Castro Culture societies. It is based on current anthropological approaches to ‘agrarian segmentary societies’ and implies the revision of the aristocratic models that now dominate research on the European Iron Age.
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Kim, Vitaly. „Business process management system in the agricultural sector: economic monitoring and development vectors“. Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 7, Nr. 4 (26.12.2022): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2022-4-26.
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The development of agribusiness is an essential component of the national economy of Ukraine and the basis for the intellectual specialization of its regions. The agrarian sphere ensures not only food security but acts as a platform for ensuring energy, environmental, and, in general, the economic security of Ukraine to current conditions is quite relevant. The purpose of the article is to discuss the economic monitoring of the business process management system of the agrarian sector of Ukraine and the identification of development vectors. It was outlined that the business processes of the agrarian sphere encompass the complexity of actions aimed at solving the tasks of balanced development of all components of agro-industrial production by realizing the capabilities of more efficient producers in this sphere. Also, the business processes of the agrarian sphere include various types related to the production, storage, and supply of agricultural and food products, as well as providing the population with these products, considering social relationships and social infrastructure (transport, trade, catering, etc.). In this context, it is possible to generalize that the structure of the agricultural sphere goes beyond agricultural production. The grouping of regulatory normative documents of the business process management system in the agrarian sphere, related to the reforms and programs envisaged by the Sustainable Development Strategy "Ukraine - 2020", was carried out. The dynamics of the structural shares of the gross added value for 2010-2021 proved the growing importance of the agrarian sphere in the structure of the formation of the gross added value of Ukraine because the specific weight of the type of economic activity "agriculture, forestry and fishing" increased by 4% during the studied period. Furthermore, it has been studied that the management system of business processes in the agrarian sphere can be considered at different levels: global (world economy), national (country level), regional or territorial (level of individual regions or territorial communities), and local (level of individual producers of agricultural products). Keywords: agrarian sphere, business process, management system, development vectors.
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Habib, Irfan. „Book review: Saiyid Zaheer Husain Jafri, Agrarian Society in Awadh: Structure and Change under the Pre-Colonial Regimes, c. 1595–1856“. Studies in People's History 9, Nr. 2 (13.10.2022): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23484489221120085.
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Koto, Hendri, Andar Indra Sastra und Asep Saepul Haris. „ESTETIKA TEKS DENDANG KAMPAR BASIANG: CERMINAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT AGRARIS DI MINANGKABAU (ANALISIS TEKS)“. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 7, Nr. 2 (15.10.2018): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v7i2.11033.
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AbstrakDendang kampar basiang adalah salah satu dendang yang terdapat pada kesenian saluang dendang di Minangkabau. Dendang tersebut dinilai memiliki aspek estetis pada teks yang membangun struktur pantunnya. Dilihat dari frase kalimat sampiran maupun isi, kecenderungan dalam teks pantun dendang kampar basiang memiliki kata maupun kalimat yang mengambarkan fenomena kehidupan masyarakat agraris. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis teks yang terdapat pada dendang kampar basiang yang dihubung-kaitkan dengan aspek sosial masyarakat Minangkabau pada umumnya. Dalam mengkaji fenomena tersebut, digunakan beberapa pendekatan telaah sastra dan estetika paradoks, serta dengan metode kualitatif. Terkait dengan hasil penalaahan teks dendang kampar basiang, maka didapati bahwa dendang tersebut merupakan sebuah cerminan dari kehidupan masyarakat agraris di Minangkabau. Kata Kunci: estetika, agraris, dendang kampar basiang AbstractKampar basiang dendang is a kind of songs in Minangkabau saluang dendang. This Dendang is considered to have aesthetic aspects of the text that build the rhyme structure. Seeing from the sentences phrase ofsampiran, as well as it’s content, the tendency of dendang kampar basiangrhyme has a word or phrase that describes the phenomenon of agrarian society. This research intends to analyze the texts contained inkampar basiang dendang which is related to social aspect of Minangkabau society in general. Several approaches are used to examine this phenomenon, which is literary studies and paradox aesthetic, as well as qualitative methods.In relation to the study about the text of kampar basiang dendang, it has been found that dendang is a kind of reflection about the life of agrarian society in Minangkabau Keywords: aesthetic, agrarian, kampar basiang dendang
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Mendelsohn, Oliver. „The Transformation of Authority in Rural India“. Modern Asian Studies 27, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1993): 805–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0000130x.
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Who or what constitutes the dominant power and/or authority in village India today? This sort of question is hardly ever amenable to any generally agreed answer for any society, and the Indian case is no exception. But to say this is already to have made a comment on the main stream of post-independence scholarship on agrarian India. Very soon after independence an academic orthodoxy hardened as to the character of agrarian social structure and power. The argument of this paper is that this orthodoxy is no longer valid and that it obscures what is a profound transformation in the character of agrarian India.
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BRYM, ROBERT J. „Regional social structure and agrarian radicalism in Canada: Alberta, Saskatchewan, and New Brunswick*“. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 15, Nr. 3 (14.07.2008): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.1978.tb00677.x.
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Іhnatenko, Mykola. „Estimation of level and efficiency of agricultural enterprises social responsibility“. University Economic Bulletin, Nr. 42 (19.06.2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-42-7-12.
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The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation and evaluation of social responsibility of agrarian enterprises. The purpose of the work is to identify, assess and analyze the level and effectiveness of implementing social responsibility of agrarian enterprises and justify the directions, sources, means of increasing its volumes and distribution. Methodological basis of the article became as general scientific, and special methods of scientific knowledge. Methods were used: dialectical, monographic, historical, system-structural analysis and synthesis, problem and program-target approaches, statistical-economic, economic-mathematical, surveys. Results of work. The article reveals features of social responsibility of domestic agrarian enterprises in terms of content, structure and dynamics. An assessment and analysis of its level, causes and risks of mass distribution have been made. Proved suggestions on its growth and efficiency increase. The field of application of results. Conclusions and results of the article can be used in the educational-scientific process of the economic faculties of higher educational institutions. It is expedient to transfer them for practical use to agrarian enterprises, public organizations, rural communities. Conclusions. In the course of the research carried out, significant polarization was found in the effectiveness of development and social responsibility of large and small subjects of agrosphere management, which requires urgent solution to this problem. Indeed, small agricultural formations are understood not only as commodity producers, but they are the basis for the formation of the middle class in the countryside, promote employment and increase the well-being of the population. Therefore, large agribusiness should carry out social responsibility, supporting them, in particular, in the form of commodity lending, sale of finished goods, use of production capacities, development of cooperative and integration processes, and the introduction of innovations.
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SHUBRAVSKA, Olena. „AGRARIAN CORPORATE SECTOR: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK“. Economy of Ukraine 2019, Nr. 2 (16.02.2019): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.02.062.
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The author considers the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for research of agrarian corporations and the corporatization process of the agrarian sector of Ukraine’s economy. It is found that the current domestic legislation does not contain a single and comprehensive definition of a corporation in general and an agrarian corporation in particular. Meanwhile, their existing definitions show some inconsistency in the interpretation of the definition of a “corporation” in various legislative acts. Formation of corporations is inseparable from the processes of concentration and integration. The main features of the institutional unit affiliation with the corporate sector are: the pooling of resources (capital and/or property), internal structuring and separation of property rights from the rights of management (control). The corporation is an economic system with certain social functions. The corporate segment in agriculture is formed of agricultural enterprises, their associations and cooperatives. At the same time, agrarian corporations should not formally include the state and private enterprises with a sole proprietor, as well as farms. The agrarian corporate system is not homogeneous either in composition or in the nature of regulation. It should be structured according to certain characteristics (for example, according to the size of land-use and/or livestock). Accordingly, the development trends of various segments, their impact on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and the effectiveness of the state regulation of the industry should be examined. Ukraine’s agrarian corporate sector demonstrates a generally positive development dynamics. It produces almost half of all agrarian output and more than half of plant-growing. Agricultural corporations make the main contribution to ensuring a positive balance of foreign trade in agricultural products. At the same time, corporations are responsible for distorting the structure of exports, namely for the prevalence of several groups of commodities in exports. Holding entities, whose activities are not legalized, dominate in the agrarian corporate sector.
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Faizrakhmanov, Dzhaudat, Alsou Zakirova, Guzaliya Klychova, Alfiya Yusupova und Aigul Klychova. „Formation and disclosure of information on social responsibility of agribusiness enterprises“. E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199106004.
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The purpose of the article is to substantiate theoretical provisions and develop practical recommendations for the formation and disclosure of information on social responsibility of enterprises in the agrarian sphere of economy. The research objectives are as follows: to study and specify the economic essence of the notion of “corporate social responsibility”, to substantiate theoretical foundations and propose new methodological approaches of corporate social responsibility assessment and the formation of social reporting. The essence and content of corporate social responsibility, principles of formation and structure of the social report are studied with the help of such general scientific methods as systematic approach, comparison, economic-statistical method and data systematization and generalization method. The paper presents the main sections subject to including in the social report and suggests forms of social reporting, which include key performance indicators which help to assess the socio-economic performance of organizations in the agrarian sector of economy.
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Castro, Cloves Alexandre de. „Estrutura agrária e relações sociais no campo / Agrarian structure and social relations in the countryside“. Cadernos CIMEAC 8, Nr. 1 (31.07.2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18554/cimeac.v8i1.2882.
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O presente artigo versa sobre a estrutura agrária e as relações sociais no campo como uma problemática estrutural da reprodução colonial do Brasil. Ao longo do texto, apontamos as determinantes da concentração fundiária brasileira e as consequências no campo das lutas de classes, expressas nos conflitos de luta pela terra, e vislumbramos a perspectiva de uma educação do campo como mais uma pedagogia dos movimentos sociais de luta pela terra, para viabilizar a luta e a permanência no campo, bem como a preservação do modo de vida sem isentá-los do direito de usufruir das modernidades produzidas na cidade.Palavras-chave: Estrutura agrária; Reprodução colonial; Luta pela terra. ABSTRACT: The article deals with the agrarian structure and the social relations in the countryside as a structural result of the Brazilian colonial reproduction. Throughout the text we point out the determinants of Brazilian land concentration and the consequences in the field of class struggles, expressed in the conflicts of struggle for land. We understand the education of the countryside as a pedagogy of social movements fighting for land to enable the struggle and permanence in the countryside, as well as the preservation of their way of life, with the right to enjoy the modernities produced by the city.Keywords: Agrarian structure; Colonial reproduction; Struggle for land.
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Zaytsev, Andrey. „Rental Income Structure in Economy as a Basis for Sustainable Agrarian Relations in the Agro-Industrial Complex“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 18 (05.09.2020): 7287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187287.
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Modern features of the development of the agro-industrial complex as part of the economy as a whole require changes in the traditional models of state regulation, which do not take into account the structure of rental income in the economy and do not use the capabilities of the relevant instruments. This is reflected in the insufficient efficiency of subsidies provided by the state to agricultural enterprises and the preservation of high social and infrastructural differentiation of the regions, as well as the dependence of the agricultural sector on the pricing policy of other industries. All this is shown by the example of the analysis of statistical data of regions of the Russian Federation for 2011–2019. To eliminate these problems, theoretical and methodological approaches have been developed, which made it possible to substantiate the concept of regulating the sustainability of agricultural relations through the synthesis of the theory of sustainability, the theory of systems, and rental theory. Within the concept the role of the structure of rental income in the formation of sustainability of agrarian relations, in their qualitative content, and in the redistribution of added value from the agrarian sphere in monopolized spheres is revealed. The possibility and necessity of state regulation of the agrarian sphere on the basis of dynamic regulation of the sustainability of agrarian relations with the help of management of the rent mechanism is substantiated.
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Pietrafesa, José Paulo, Amone Inácia Alves und Pedro Araújo Pietrafesa. „The Social Division of Labor in Rural Spaces in Brazil“. Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 7, Nr. 2 (30.08.2018): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2018v7i2.p202-224.
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This study presents an analysis of the course of the agrarian conflicts that existed in Brazil, from 1940 to 2015, which placed the political-ideological centrality of the forces existing in the Brazilian rural sphere. The study is divided into two issues. a) The first, Social division of labor (Mészáros 2004) in the rural area due to the expansion of big rural properties, transforming the land for work into a land for business, opening a sequence of conflicts with peasants. b) The second refers to the analysis of data collected and organized by the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT in Portuguese), identifying agrarian conflicts in Brazil since 1985. The data offered until the year 2015 served as a meeting point to the history of Brazil, marked by its contradictions and memories, which at the same time, remaining alive, as if it is willing to continue to be an eternal present (Jameson 2002), through its structures of spoliation and conflict. Brazil entered the 21st century with large debts to be paid related to the 19th century. One of the biggest debits is the land issue. A question derived from these struggles, and not very simple to answer, is: does the number of families and areas involved in the conflicts change the national land structure in its productive and political aspects? Nowadays, these actions are organized by historical subjects, transforming individual demands into collective proposals in which social subjects perceive themselves as a political force and consolidate knowledge in a permanent educational process. Conflict data registered by the CPT (1985-2016) indicate that there was no change in popular demands for land property and use, and this may also indicate that there was no change in the Brazilian land structure
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Melton, Edgar. „PROTO–INDUSTRIALIZATION, SERF AGRICULTURE AND AGRARIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE: TWO ESTATES IN NINETEENTH–CENTURY RUSSIA“. Past and Present 115, Nr. 1 (1987): 69–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/115.1.69.
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Seligson, Mitchell A. „Thirty Years of Transformation in the Agrarian Structure of El Salvador, 1961–1991“. Latin American Research Review 30, Nr. 3 (1995): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100017532.
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Inequality in the distribution of land has long been viewed as the social dynamite that has set off many peasant uprisings in the twentieth century. The most extensive study to date of modern guerrilla wars in Latin America, by Timothy Wickham-Crowley, found land tenure and the overall agrarian structure to be a common element in upheaval in Cuba, Venezuela, Guatemala, Colombia, Peru, Nicaragua, and El Salvador (Wickham-Crowley 1992, 306–7). Samuel Huntington's classic book on development and stability articulated the explanation for these agrarian insurrections: “Where the conditions of landownership are equitable and provide a viable living for the peasant, revolution is unlikely. Where they are inequitable and where the peasant lives in poverty and suffering, revolution is likely, if not inevitable, unless the government takes prompt measures to remedy these conditions” (Huntington 1968, 375).
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Poltavets, Anatolii. „Strategic principles of land resources management in main activities of agrarian enterprises“. Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics and Technology 7, Nr. 3 (10.11.2022): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2022-3-24.
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The paper outlines the strategic orientations of land resource management at agrarian enterprises. It is substantiated that the strategic principles of the use of land resources at agrarian enterprises are aimed at achieving the goals of sustainable development and ensuring competitive advantages in the market environment through the effective use of its (own or leased) land resources. The strategic goals of the use of land resources at agrarian enterprises should be based on two interrelated components: social needs and internal development potential. Therefore, social needs are fundamental for perspective, long-term development, which include the need to ensure the ecological efficiency of land resources, and on the other hand, the need to meet the social needs of landowners and land users. It was established that the importance of land resources as an ecological, economic and social value, when optimizing the structure of land use, requires a combination of relevant optimization directions. Thus, the ecological component of land use optimization consists of the perceived need to preserve and use land intelligently as the main natural resource and a basic component of the environment, the economic component includes the use of land precisely in those areas where they will bring the greatest income, the social component is in the adequacy of the nature of land use, the state of social consciousness and the system of social (public) needs. The general scheme of the system of goals and strategic imperatives for the use of land resources of agrarian enterprises is proposed. It has been established that the economic efficiency of the use of land resources is a key strategic guideline for obtaining environmental and social effects in the process of managing the activities and development of agricultural enterprises. Keywords: land resources, goals, management strategies, efficiency, balanced development.
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Pavelko, O., I. Lazaryshyna, O. Harnaha, P. Nesenenko, M. Myronets und S. Sokoliuk. „Strategic alternatives for the development of the agricultural sector in conditions of environmental sustainability“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1126, Nr. 1 (01.01.2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1126/1/012027.
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Abstract The research of the strategic alternatives for the development of the agricultural sector in conditions of environmental sustainability is considered in the article. Social and environmental problems that need to be properly solved in the field of the agrarian sector are investigated. Dynamics of exports to other countries of the world and the share of agricultural exports in its overall structure for 2007-2019 is reviewed. The Global Food Security Index (GFSI) as a quantitative-qualitative model based on more than 28 indicators for Ukraine is studied in dynamics. The method of forming the value of the GFSI indicator of Ukraine for 2021 is investigated. The supplement certain groups of agrarian sector development principles of the economy with separate principles are proposed. Directions for building a strategy for the agrarian sector development are suggested.
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Pereira, Rodrigo, Marcel Borras, Gabril Scaraffuni und Janete Cancelier. „Socio -Territorial Transformations of the Northeast Region of Uruguay (2000-2018)“. Revista Geografares 1, Nr. 31 (08.12.2020): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31087.
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This article aims to understand how socio-territorial transformations have been manifesting in the northeast region of Uruguay between 2000 and 2018. In this period, the territorial expansion of agribusiness through soy monoculture and forestry intensifies, which causes important changes in the productive, social, and landscape base. The objective is, on one hand, to describe quantitatively and in terms of changes in land use, the recent transformations in the agrarian territories of the region and, on the other hand, to understand the impacts of these processes on some social dynamics, especially in the migration of family producers and their families from the agrarian space to the urban one. The methodology included a bibliographic and documentary review, the analysis of statistical data from the General Agricultural Census, and the analysis of land use through satellite images. The results show that monocultures linked to agribusiness have modified the agrarian structure and the use of the territory resulting in increasing pressure on the price of land, which puts the permanence of family producers at risk
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Smångs, Mattias, und Kent Redding. „A Match Made in Heaven? Southern Evangelicalism and the Rise and Fall of Agrarian Populism in the 1890s“. Social Science History 43, Nr. 1 (06.12.2018): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2018.37.
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The agrarian populist movement of the late nineteenth century remains among the largest social movement and third-party revolts in American history. It embodied a full-scale critique and mobilization against the inequities of the Gilded Age, and its influence stretched well into the Progressive and New Deal eras. While most accounts of the movement and party’s emergence and rapid demise have centered on economic conditions and interests, we link movement and third-party emergence and failure to the institutional arena second only to partisan politics in its impact on southern society at large, namely organized religion, particularly evangelical Protestantism. This article offers the first systematic analysis of the extent to which organized religion in the South channeled the mobilization of agrarian populism. The results both support and contradict the argument that agrarian populism was rooted in organized southern religion by suggesting that evangelical Protestantism channeled the mobilization of the Farmers’ Alliance movement but not the People’s Party. While white southern evangelical religion served as a potent cultural resource and mobilizing structure for the movement, the move to partisan politics helped create a disjuncture between movement and party from which Populism never recovered.
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Saharuddin, Saharuddin, Sriwulan F. Falatehan und Lesti Heriyanti. „Social Dominance Orientation in Agrarian Resources Accumulation in Coastal Area Indonesia“. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia 25, Nr. 1 (31.07.2021): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.1100520.
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Intergroup contact influenced the adaptation capacity of Bugis ethnic in the economic system in the destination site. When they become the highest of social-rank than other ethnicities in livelihood strategies by land-accumulation, it becomes important to analyze the working of power from the ethnic-Social Domination Orientation (SDO) theoretical. The role of ethnic-SDO is studied with assessment determination in a sociocultural context in intergroup ethnic inequality. Moreover, decision making in framing becomes challenged to be assessed at the individual level because it is assumed would influence the individual to enhance the hierarchy in the middle of uncertainty outcomes. This study aims: (1) elucidate the structure of ethnic inequality in livelihood strategies by ethnic-SDO in Bugis ethnic; and (2) recognize the role of framing in decision making as influencing factors of ethnic-SDO. This study approach is qualitative, which involves 25 informants. Data showed that ethnic-SDO in Bugis’s economic activities comprised of power that enhancing-hierarchy evolved ethnic inequality by high between-ethnic group inequality (BGI) and within- ethnic group inequality (WGI) in land-accumulation. It is found that the framing of Bugis people regarding skills and attitudes owned by other ethnicities in the decision-making tends to risk-avoid that enhancing-hierarchy in economic activities at an individual level.
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Mazwi, Freedom, Rangarirai G. Muchetu und George T. Mudimu. „Revisiting the Trimodal Agrarian Structure as a Social Differentiation Analysis Framework in Zimbabwe: A Study“. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy: A triannual Journal of Agrarian South Network and CARES 10, Nr. 2 (11.02.2021): 318–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277976020973837.
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The study of social differentiation in the countryside is often dominated by the deployment of classical analytical frameworks. This article quantitatively explores social differentiation at the sub-national level (Chiredzi and Zvimba districts in Zimbabwe), through the use of the trimodal agrarian structure (TMAS) framework. It addresses the question of whether variables outlined in TMAS (land sizes, labor, and credit) stimulate social differentiation patterns across various settlement models, which emerged after Zimbabwe’s land reform program. If so, what groups or clusters emerge and what are the differentials at the local level? Through statistical factor and cluster analysis, this article reveals that the TMAS variables do explain social differentiation even at the sub-national level. Land sizes, access to capital, and ownership of cattle are key factors in explaining this differentiation. Beyond the variables presented by the TMAS, we argue that agroecological zones and crop type are also instrumental in shaping social differentiation. From the evidence presented, it is difficult to visualize inter-cluster mobility because of various reasons, which include state-based tenure.
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Šljukić, S., und M. Šljukić. „Sociological aspects of the transformation of agrarian structure of Serbia in 1990-2018“. RUDN Journal of Sociology 19, Nr. 2 (15.12.2019): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-2-235-243.
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One of the constitutive elements of former socialist societies that suffered radical transformations in recent decades of ‘the transition’ is certainly the agrarian structure. The authors focus on the sociological aspects of the Serbian agrarian structure transformation from the breakdown of the socialist system to the present day. The first phase of changes (1990-2000) created an environment and prerequisites for the differentiation of peasantry that continues until the present day. The second phase (2001-2012) is characterized by the appearance of large agricultural enterprises that emerged primarily as a result of privatization. During the third phase (2013-) Serbia has been drawn into the global process of ‘land grabbing’. The authors argue that in agriculture, instead of the middle class consisting of farmers, the country got a very differentiated peasantry opposing the large enterprises; and this situation is typical for post-socialist states due to three interrelated reasons: the new social-economic order was not built on the ruins of socialism but rather from the ruins; different actors within the Serbian society pursued their particular interests in the process of changes and followed demagogical declarative instructions from external experts, especially from the West; new political elites did not strive to build ex-socialist states according to their own model but rather met the needs and carried out the plans of their governments and companies, i.e. the term ‘periferization’ should be used instead of the term ‘transition’. In the final part of the paper, the authors try to answer the question why the transitional expectations regarding agrarian structural transformation did not come true, and the institutional framework for the majority of farmers working on the medium-size lands was not created. The authors also try to predict the upcoming possible alterations within the agrarian structure of the Republic of Serbia.
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Mendonça, João. „Towards a geography of tourism and agrarian initiatives. The case of Lamego and Távora“. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 20, Nr. 5 (2022): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2022.20.078.
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"The agrarian change constitutes for many rural territories an alternative to the existing and traditional forms of production. This fact is particularly evident in areas of less social and economic dynamism, as is the case of Lamego and Távora in the Douro region ‑ north of Portugal. In general terms, this region has witnessed a demographic decline and a reconfiguration of its agrarian economic structure, which used to be highly dependent on wine and fruit (apple) productions. Rural transformation has been supported by local producers and their initiatives, as well as by European and Portuguese agricultural policies. Its main consequences will be presented in this article as a case study."
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Wolford, Wendy. „Agrarian Moral Economies and Neoliberalism in Brazil: Competing Worldviews and the State in the Struggle for Land“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, Nr. 2 (Februar 2005): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3745.
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The 1990s was the decade of neoliberalism in Brazil. During the successive administrations of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2003), public enterprises were privatized, import tariffs were slashed, regional free-trade markets were established, and fiscal discipline was prioritized in an attempt to control a massive public debt. As his first term progressed, however, Cardoso was forced to respond to the insistent popular demand for reform of the country's inequitable land-tenure structure. The issue became increasingly visible in the 1990s because of the strength of a grassroots social movement, the Movement of Landless Workers (MST). In response to the demands for agrarian reform, the government offered its support for an essentially neoliberal, market-based alternative to state-led distribution—an alternative favored by official development organizations throughout the Third World at this time. In this paper, I argue that the support for a market-led agrarian reform privileged the agrarian elite in Brazil and delegitimated the MST's struggle, not only because it reinforced the elite's claim to land but also because it legitimated the elite's particular interpretation of productivity and property rights. The claims put forward both by the agrarian elite and by the MST members in the southern state of Santa Catarina derive from what can usefully be considered ‘agrarian moral economies’.
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Washbrook, D. A., Asok Sen, Partha Chatterjee und Saugata Mukherji. „Perspectives in Social Sciences 2. Three Studies on the Agrarian Structure in Bengal, 1850-1947.“ Economic History Review 38, Nr. 2 (Mai 1985): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597179.
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Golenkova, Zinaida, Yulia Goliusova und Anna Samba. „Transformation of the Regional Social and Professional Space (on the Example of the Republic of Tyva)“. Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika 9, Nr. 3 (30.09.2021): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2021.9.3.8440.
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The purpose of this article is to consider the features of the development of the socioprofessional structure in the Republic of Tuva. The socio-professional structure of the population of Tuva is generally similar to the structure of Russian society, although it has its own regional differences. These differences are related both to the peculiarities of the transformation processes in Tuva and to the historical specifics of social development. Over the past century, Tuva’s society has transformed from an archaic agrarian society into an agrarian-industrial one. This type of society persists to this day. Today, the transformation processes taking place in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the Republic of Tyva in particular have a significant impact on the structure of employment and determine the formation of the regional social and professional space. New strata of property owners and the poor emerged. A layer of employees has formed, whose main economic potential depends on the income of employment in organizations of different types of ownership. There is a specific stratum in the social and professional structure of Tuvan society-the so-called independent arats, which are agents that reflect the specifics of the labor space of the republic. They are self-employed by any ethnic type of activity: shepherds, yak breeders, reindeer herders, embroiderers, stone cutters, shamans, throat singers, etc. Also traditional for the republic are collectors of wild plants, hunters and fishermen who are engaged in these activities for profit. They are not integrated into the social and professional structure of modern Tuva, as their professional affiliation is not formalized. The process of legitimizing some professional groups has only just begun. The labor market was also not ready for the emergence of archaic forms of employment. This led to the temporary exclusion of individual groups.
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Retta Siagian, Citra Tiurmasari. „The Political Structure of Indonesia’s Regulation to Protection Customary Forest“. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, Nr. 1 (14.02.2023): 95–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i1.72.
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There is an increasing awareness that indigenous communities hold a key role in sustainable forest management in Indonesia. However, this awareness did not necessarily come with sufficient legal acknowledgement of the rights of indigenous people to have autonomy over customary forest. This research aims to fill this gap through an understanding of the socio-political development that led to the policy institutionalization of the customary forest. The findings show that discourses on indigeneity, human rights, agrarian reform, social justice, and sustainability advocated by a coalition of Civil Society Organization (CSOs), dominated the political arrangements of both policies. The exchange of resources such as expertise, network, and participatory mapping among the CSOs helped to overshadow the counternarrative of competing policy actors. This thesis contends that a mature discourse coalition was a major factor that empowered the CSOs to advocate their discourses and to convince other actors to support legal recognition of customary forests. Furthermore, several political conjunctures also paved ways for an enabling environment for policy institutionalizations of customary forests. These political conjunctures include such as land reform activism, agrarian constitutionalism, REDD+, AMAN’s endorsement on Jokowi, and the merge of the Ministry of Forestry and Ministry of Environment.
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Bhattacharyya, Sudipta, und Nikhil Kumar Mandal. „Transition in the Rural Credit Structure of West Bengal: The Case of Murshidabad District“. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy: A triannual Journal of Agrarian South Network and CARES 10, Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 210–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277976020968319.
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This article examines the interlinkages between rural credit and other agrarian structures. The research is based on primary field survey data which is classified on the basis of labor-exploitation criteria and acreage grouping. The research shows that pre-capitalist relations substantially withered away primarily due to state intervention for land and agrarian reform under the Left Front Government. It also found the operation of market mechanisms (instead of personalized relations) in the determination of informal rates of interest and an inverse association with collateral value. This is reflected in the declining value of the weighted average interest rate (WARI) with ascending class status. Furthermore, it found that the WARI without collateral is lower than the WARI with collateral, the latter being confined only to lean seasons and emergency. An incidence of high interest rate is related to low marketable collateral and vice versa.
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KRYUKOVA, Iryna, und Tetyana Federka. „Wage of employees in the agricultural sector: modern socio-economic and accounting aspects“. Actual problems of innovative economy, Nr. 2020/3 (25.06.2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2020-3-2.
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Introduction. Many socio-economic problems are characteristic of the agricultural sector, the main of which are: mi-gration of rural population, low income and quality of life of rural residents, lack of social infrastructure of the village, re-ducing the prestige of agricultural work for young professionals. Increasing the level of remuneration and income of the hired personnel of agrarian business entities is a prerequisite for solving such modern problems. The purpose of the research is identification and analysis of modern socio-economic trends and problems of account-ing and analytical support in the field of remuneration of personnel of agrarian enterprises. Results. A wage is one of the most important indicators of the level of socio-economic development of industries and regions. In the agrarian sector wage is traditionally one of the lowest among all sectors of the national economy. The share of wages of agricultural personnel is about 68% of the national average (UAH 7166). The range of wages in the industry by region is significant: the highest is in Ivano-Frankivsk and Kyiv and the lowest is in Odessa and Zaporizhye region. In the structure of agricultural production costs, the share of labor costs does not exceed 5-8%. The minimum wage in Ukraine is 58% of the lowest in the European Union. The main problematic aspects of modern payroll accounting are: the practice of accounting for costs associated with agri-social responsibility programs, the lack of common practice of actuarial valuation methods, discounting the cost of future personnel costs, the imperfection of accounting policies, the order of accounting of the costs associated with the effec-tive mechanisms of agrarian labor stimulation, the limited forms of financial and statistical reporting financial indicators of employment. Conclusions. Implementation of the results showed that the time required to pay the most hired to the personnel of the agrarian sector of Ukraine is significantly lower than the other types of economic practice and foreign practice. The main problematic socio-economic aspects of wages in the industry were identified: tendencies of regional agrarian labor markets, low social standards, low share of wage costs in their general structure, limited size of enterprises slow wage growth in the industry, lack of mechanisms incentives for work in most small agribusinesses. Further improvement of payroll accounting should occur as an informational and analytical supplement to agronomy management in the context of the implementation of modern value management concepts with a focus on human capital. Keywords: wages, salaries, staff, agriculture, cost accounting, calculations with employees, analytical support, agri-cultural enterprises.