Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „AgExport Connections (U.S.)“

The paper focuses on a theoretical overview of the issue of executive functions in children with ASD. It explains the basic connections between deficits / dysfunctions in the area of executive functions and the manifestations of a child with ASD. These are also based on findings from several research studies. It also offers an overview of opportunities, programs and approaches to support individual executive functions.

We investigate the quantum geometry of a 2d surface S bounding the Cauchy slices of a 4d gravitational system. We investigate in detail for the first time the boundary symplectic current that naturally arises in the first-order formulation of general relativity in terms of the Ashtekar–Barbero connection. This current is proportional to the simplest quadratic form constructed out of the pull back to S of the triad field. We show that the would-be-gauge degrees of freedo arising from S U ( 2 ) gauge transformations plus diffeomorphisms tangent to the boundary are entirely described by the boundary 2-dimensional symplectic form, and give rise to a representation at each point of S of S L ( 2 , R ) × S U ( 2 ) . Independently of the connection with gravity, this system is very simple and rich at the quantum level, with possible connections with conformal field theory in 2d. A direct application of the quantum theory is modelling of the black horizons in quantum gravity.

abstract: This is the first step in an attempt at a deformation theory for $G_{2}$-instantons with $1$-dimensional conic singularities. Under a set of model data, the linearization yields a Dirac operator $P$ on a certain bundle over $\mathbb{S}^{5}$, called the \textit{link operator}. As a dimension reduction, the link operator also arises from Hermitian Yang--Mills connections with isolated conic singularities on a Calabi--Yau $3$-fold. Using the quaternion structure in the Sasakian geometry of $\mathbb{S}^{5}$, we describe the set of all eigenvalues of $P$, denoted by $\Spec P$. We show that $\Spec P$ consists of finitely many integers induced by certain sheaf cohomologies on $\mathbb{P}^{2}$, and infinitely many real numbers induced by the spectrum of the rough Laplacian on the pullback endomorphism bundle over $\mathbb{S}^{5}$. The multiplicities and the form of an eigensection can be described fairly explicitly. In particular, there is a relation between the spectrum on $\mathbb{S}^{5}$ to certain sheaf cohomologies on~$\mathbb{P}^{2}$. Moreover, on a Calabi--Yau $3$-fold, the index of the linearized operator for admissible singular Hermitian Yang--Mills connections is also calculated, in terms of these sheaf cohomologies. Using the representation theory of $\SU(3)$ and the subgroup $S[U(1)\times U(2)]$, we show an example in which $\Spec P$ and the multiplicities can be completely determined.

We prove that the word problem for the free product with amalgamation S *UT of monoids can be undecidable, even when S and T are finitely presented monoids with word problems that are decidable in linear time, the factorization problems for U in each of S and T, as well as other problems, are decidable in polynomial time, and U is a free finitely generated unitary submonoid of both S and T. This is proved by showing that the equality problem for the tensor product S ⊗UT is undecidable and using known connections between tensor products and amalgams. We obtain similar results for semigroups, and by passing to semigroup rings, we obtain similar results for rings as well. The proof shows how to simulate an arbitrary Turing machine as a communicating pair of two deterministic pushdown automata and is of independent interest. A similar idea is used in a paper by E. Bach to show undecidability of the tensor equality problem for modules over commutative rings.

For some classes of analytic functions f and 1 in the open unit disk U, we consider the general integral operatorMn, that was introduced in a recent work [2] and we obtain new conditions of univalence for this integral operator. The key tools in the proofs of our results are the Pascu?s and the Pescar?s univalence criteria. Some corollaries of the main results are also considered. Relevant connections of the results presented here with various other known results are briefly indicated.

This paper analyzes the connections between sexual violence and colonialism in the lives and histories of Native peoples in the United States. This paper argues that sexual violence does not simply just occur within the process of colonialism, but that colonialism is itself structured by the logic of sexual violence. Furthermore, this logic of sexual violence continues to structure U. S. policies toward Native peoples today. Consequently, anti-sexual violence and anti-colonial struggles cannot be separated.

A painting of the Virgin and Child, signed as “OPVUS P. PETRI”, from the former Fareham Collection (today at the Courtauld Institute of Art), has been known in the scholarly literature for a long time but has only been subject to tangential analyses. These studies attempted to attribute it to painters meeting relatively dubious criteria: that their name was Peter (Petar) and that they could be linked to the painting circle of Squarcione or, more specifically, to that of Carlo Crivelli with whose early works, especially the Virgin and Child (the Huldschinsky Madonna) at the Fine Arts Gallery in San Diego, the Courtauld painting shares obvious connections. Roberto Longhi ascribed it to the Paduan painter Pietro Calzetta in 1926, while Franz Drey, in 1929, considered it to be the work of Pietro Alemanno, Crivelli’s disciple, who worked in the Marche region during the last quarter of the fifteenth century. After the Second World War, the Courtauld painting was almost completely ignored by the experts. The only serious judgement was that expressed by Pietro Zampetti, who established that it was an almost exact copy of Crivelli’s Huldschinsky Madonna, meaning that if Calzetti had painted it, he would have done it while Carlo was still in the Veneto, before he went to Zadar.The search for information which can shed more light on the attribution of the Virgin and Child from the Courtauld is aided by the valuable records in the Fondazione Federico Zeri at the Università di Bologna. The holdings of the Fototeca Zeri include three different photographs of the Courtauld painting with brief but useful accompanying notes. Of particular importance is the intriguing inscription on the back of one of the photographs, which points to the painting’s Dalmatian origin. In a certain way, this opens the possibility that it might be linked to another painter who was close to the Crivelli brothers: the Zadar priest and painter Petar Jordanić. That he may have been the one who painted it is indicated by the signature itself, which could be read as “OPVUS P(RESBITERI) PETRI”.Archival records about Petar Jordanić provide almost no information about his work as a painter. Apart from his signature of 1493 on a no-longer extant polyptich from the Church of St Mary at Zadar, the only record of his artistic activities is one piece of information: that in 1500 he took part in a delegation which was sent from Zadar to its hinterland charged with the task of making drawings of the terrain which could be used to help defend the town against the Ottoman Turks. However, more than thirty documents which mention him do paint a picture of his life’s journey and his connection with Zadar. The most important basis for any consideration of a possible connection between Petar Jordanić and Carlo Crivelli can be found in the will of his father Marko Jordanov Nozdronja (in late 1468) where Petar was named as the executor, meaning that at this point he was of age. Therefore, it can be concluded that he was born between 1446 and 1448. This makes him old enough to have been taught by Carlo during his stay in Zadar from c. 1460 to 1466. Although relatively modest, the oeuvre of Petar Jordanić demonstrates striking connections with the paintings of Carlo and Vittore Crivelli, and Ivo Petricioli has already put forward a hypothesis that he may have been taught by one of the brothers.The comparison between the painting from the Courtauld Institute of Art in London and the known works of Petar Jordanić (the Virgin and Child from a private collection in Vienna; the Virgin and Child from the Parish Church at Tkon; fragments of a painted ceiling from Zadar Cathedral; the lost polyptich from the Church of St Mary at Zadar) reveals a multitude of similar features. Apart from the general resemblance in the physiognomies of the Virgin and Christ Child which represent the most conspicuous analogies, a number of very specific “Morellian” elements can also be noted in the manner in which the faces were painted. These similarities are particularly apparent when one compares the head of the Christ Child on the painting from London and his head on the one from Tkon, which are almost identically depicted. Further similarities between the London painting and the one at Vienna can be seen in the way in which landscapes were painted and in the similar decorations of the gold fabrics in the backgrounds with their undulating scrolls and sharp almond-shaped leaves.However, with regard to visual characteristics, it is apparent at first sight that the quality of the London painting is markedly higher and that it is stylistically more advanced than those works which are attributed with certainty to Jordanić. These differences can be explained by the possibility that this was a more or less direct copy of one of Carlo Crivelli’s painting, probably not the Huldschinsky Madonna but one that was very similar to it and subsequently lost.Naturally, if the London painting is attributed to Petar Jordanić, meaning that it was produced in Zadar, then the argument on the basis of which the Huldschinsky Madonna has been dated to the time before Crivelli’s arrival in Zadar becomes a counter-argument, and, in that way, corroborates the possibility that the Huldschinsky Madonna, which shares a large number of similar elements with the painting from the Courtauld Institute of Art, was created while Carlo was in Zadar.

In this paper, dense families of relation schemes are introduced. We characterize minimal keys of relation schemes in terms of dense families. Note that, the dense families of database relations were introduced by Jarvinen [6]. We prove that the set of all minimal keys of a relation scheme s= (U, F) is the transversal hypergraphs of a hypergraph D– {∅}, where Dis any s-dense family. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for an abitrary family to be s-dense family. We also present some dense families of relation schemes. Furthermore, in this paper, we also study antikeys by means of dense families. We present connections between antikeys and a dense family of relation schemes. Finally, we study the time complexity of the problem finding antikeys.

In the present investigation, with motivation from the pioneering work of Srivastava et al. [28], which in recent years actually revived the study of analytic and bi-univalent functions, we introduce the subclasses T*?(n,?) and T?(n,?) of analytic and bi-univalent function class ? defined in the open unit disk U = {z ? C : |z| < 1g and involving the S?l?gean derivative operator Dn. Moreover, we derive estimates on the initial coefficients |a2| and |a3| for functions in these subclasses and pointed out connections with some earlier known results.

CONFRONTING DIVERSE MEMORIES ON STAGE: BIOGRAPHICAL PLAY AT THE SILESIAN THEATRE IN KATOWICE (LENI RIEFENSTAHL. EPIZODY NIEPAMIĘCI AND WHAT THE HEIL?!) In recent Polish theater, numerous projects have drawn inspiration from biographies. These practices not only reflect the prevailing biographical trend in culture but also indicate that theater serves as a “memory machine,” playing a socially important role in establishing connections between the past and the present. Drawing on the examples of two plays staged at the Silesian Theatre in Katowice, namely Leni Riefenstahl. Epizody niepamięci [Leni Riefenstahl. Episodes of Non-memory] (2016) and What the heil?! (2022), and employing the concepts of cultural memory (A. Assmann, J. Assmann), postmemory (M. Hirsch) and multidirectional memory (M. Rothberg), this study examines the conventions employed in r e c o n s t r u c t i n g t h e p a s t wi t h i n t h e th e at r i c a l spa c e . Furthermore, it delves into t h e dynami c s o f va r i - o u s f o rms o f memo r y (e.g. cultural memory, communicative memory, individual memory) in theatrical representation.

Digitalization of healthcare opens up opportunities for applying new approaches to the organization of medical care, improving its quality, optimizing the use of healthcare resources. Digital twin is one of the new approaches, a virtual model of a physical object with dynamic bidirectional connections between a physical object and its corresponding twin in a digital environment. Digital twins allow to study, create and test new hypotheses, conduct experiments and research in silico. T h e a i m o f t h e s t u d y is to describe the existing Russian and foreign experience in the practical application of digital twins in the field of healthcare. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The literature review was conducted in Pubmed and Elibrary databases. Publications describing ethical and regulatory aspects, industrial, engineering or logistics applications were excluded. The articles have passed two rounds of peer review. R e s u l t s . Digital twins are used in clinical medicine to test new methods of treatment and the body’s response to them, to simulate the work of organs and tissues. The application of the technology for the development of precision therapy in cardiology, oncology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, orthodontic treatment, rehabilitation, intensive care is described. The digital twin can be used by health authorities to model patient behavior, predict the spread of the infectious process, the work of a medical institution and its structural units in order to optimize resources. C o n c l u s i o n s . The article provides an overview of technology and the main areas of application of digital twins for personalized medicine, public health and smart healthy cities. The prospects for using digital twins lie in the field of creating smart “healthy” cities and regions.

S aspekta sigurnosti željezničkog prometa tehnička razina sigurnosti i osposobljenost željezničkih radnika na visokoj je razini. Analize izvanrednih događaja u željezničkom prometu pokazuju kako najveći broj ozbiljnih nesreća prouzroče druge osobe. To su osobe koje nisu izravno povezane sa željezničkim prometom poput putnika ili željezničara. Već desecima godina u Hrvatskoj se provode različite preventivne akcije usmjerene prema drugim osobama kao što je akcija „Vlak je uvijek brži“. Povremeno su preventivne akcije željezničkih poduzeća u vezi s događajima izvan željezničkog sustava. Jedan od takvih je i promoviranje Rijeke kao Europske prijestolnice kulture u 2020. Grad Rijeka centar je povijesne, kulturne, ali i prometne različitosti i povezanosti. Prometna povezanost odnosi se na Luku Rijeku i Mediteranski koridor. Taj jednogodišnji događaj bila je izvrsna prilika za podizanje razine sigurnosti i kulture u željezničkom prometu. Temeljem navedenog teza koja je postavljena u radu je da se urbana, umjetnička intervencija na željezničkim objektima u Rijeci može temeljiti na suvremenim smjernicama društveno odgovornog poslovanja i održivog razvoja. U prvom redu bilo je potrebno napraviti analizu stanja željezničkih objekata na kojima je moguće provoditi urbanu umjetničku intervenciju. To su željeznički mostovi, željezničko-cestovni i pješački prijelazi, željezničke ograde, željeznička pruga i druge zgrade. Metodom promatranja i fotografiranja postojećeg stanja izrađena je podloga za sinteze stečenih informacija i znanja. Očekivani je rezultat rada utvrđivanje i provođenje preventivnih akcija na željezničkom području u Rijeci te smanjenje broja izvanrednih događaja.

Obtaining water body images quickly and reliably is important to guide human production activities and study urban change. This paper presents a fast and accurate method to identify water bodies in complex environments based on UAV high-resolution images. First, an improved U-Net (SU-Net) model is proposed in this paper. By increasing the number of connections in the middle layer of the neural network, more image features can be retained through S-shaped circular connections. Second, aiming at the interference of mixed ground objects and dark ground objects on water detection, the fusion of a deep learning network and visual features is investigated. We analyse the influence of a wavelet transform and grey level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) on water extraction. Using a confusion matrix to evaluate accuracy, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) Compared with existing methods, the SU-Net method achieves a significant improvement in accuracy, and the overall accuracy (OA) is 96.25%. The kappa coefficient (KC) is 0.952. (2) SU-Net combined with the GLCM has a higher accuracy (OA is 97.4%) and robustness in distinguishing mixed and dark objects. Based on this method, a distinct water boundary in urban areas, which provides data for urban water vector mapping, can be obtained.

Observed changes in hydrological conditions indicate the need for economical use of water. This pertains to water management on a national scale, river basins and drainage systems. The outflow of water can be extensively regulated after various forms of retention in the catchment. The water level regulators presented herein enable the damming of water in drainage networks and the adjacent ground. Their advantages include their simple structure and operation principles and also the ability to adapt to currently existing devices in sub-irrigation systems. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the hydraulic characteristics and operating conditions of three innovative regulator solutions. They focused on changing water damming heights by the closure of successively placed beams in order to obtain the required water level in the given hydrometeorological conditions. The structures of the regulators were made of plastics and rectilinear fillings for securing S-type excavations and elements of sheet piling with a developed shape in the plan of U and Z types, offering advantages compared to traditional materials (with respect to installation, operation and durability). All tested regulators were characterized by the effective flow Qe, caused by water leaks due to the lack of tightness of the regulator elements. The regulator with rectilinear beams of S-type closures offered the highest effective flow, which was 4 ÷ 5 times higher than in other regulators. U- and Z-type regulators were better at facilitating the regulation of the water table and the flow than the S rectilinear regulator. This led to both: the greater tightness of connections and the use of an overflow with a developed crest in the plan. The U and Z controllers had the highest hydraulic efficiency, expressed as the flow increase coefficient, at overflow layer heights of up to 5.0 cm. For tested fillings larger than 5.0 cm, U-type beams with a cylindrical corner shape had a lower flow increase coefficient (kq = 1.25) than Z-type beams with an angular corner shape, for which kq ∈ <1.35 ÷ 1.38>.

Abstract Seismograms are convolution results between seismic sources and the media that seismic waves propagate through, and, therefore, the primary observations for studying seismic source parameters and the Earth interior. The routine earthquake location and travel-time tomography rely on accurate seismic phase picks (e.g., P and S arrivals). As data increase, reliable automated seismic phase-picking methods are needed to analyze data and provide timely earthquake information. However, most traditional autopickers suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio and usually require additional efforts to tune hyperparameters for each case. In this study, we proposed a deep-learning approach that adapted soft attention gates (AGs) and recurrent-residual convolution units (RRCUs) into the backbone U-Net for seismic phase picking. The attention mechanism was implemented to suppress responses from waveforms irrelevant to seismic phases, and the cooperating RRCUs further enhanced temporal connections of seismograms at multiple scales. We used numerous earthquake recordings in Taiwan with diverse focal mechanisms, wide depth, and magnitude distributions, to train and test our model. Setting the picking errors within 0.1 s and predicted probability over 0.5, the AG with recurrent-residual convolution unit (ARRU) phase picker achieved the F1 score of 98.62% for P arrivals and 95.16% for S arrivals, and picking rates were 96.72% for P waves and 90.07% for S waves. The ARRU phase picker also shown a great generalization capability, when handling unseen data. When applied the model trained with Taiwan data to the southern California data, the ARRU phase picker shown no cognitive downgrade. Comparing with manual picks, the arrival times determined by the ARRU phase picker shown a higher consistency, which had been evaluated by a set of repeating earthquakes. The arrival picks with less human error could benefit studies, such as earthquake location and seismic tomography.

In this article, by making use of the q-Srivastava-Attiya operator, we introduce and investigate a new family SWΣ(δ,γ,λ,s,t,q,r) of normalized holomorphic and bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk U, which are associated with the Bazilevič functions and the λ-pseudo-starlike functions as well as the Horadam polynomials. We estimate the second and the third coefficients in the Taylor-Maclaurin expansions of functions belonging to the holomorphic and bi-univalent function class, which we introduce here. Furthermore, we establish the Fekete-Szegö inequality for functions in the family SWΣ(δ,γ,λ,s,t,q,r). Relevant connections of some of the special cases of the main results with those in several earlier works are also pointed out. Our usage here of the basic or quantum (or q-) extension of the familiar Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function Φ(z,s,a) is justified by the fact that several members of this family of zeta functions possess properties with local or non-local symmetries. Our study of the applications of such quantum (or q-) extensions in this paper is also motivated by the symmetric nature of quantum calculus itself.

Aesthetics and persuasion: Reading the poster based on posters by Rafał Olbiński The article discusses the art of the poster: its characteristics, beginnings, development, materials, goals, interpretations, and connections with other arts. With reference to the opinions of R. Barthes, U. Eco and S. Wysłouch, the author presents the poster as a two-code text, which connects the signs of the primary verbal language with the signs of the secondary iconic system. The process of creating the meanings of a poster has also been described: the conversion of a poster’s denotative perceptional form into a connotative cultural one, and the creation of visual metaphors and symbols. Theoretical aspects have been illustrated with interpretations of posters made by Rafał Olbiński. The conclusion discusses a three-variant model of reading posters, which reflects various research perspectives concerning the signs of poster forms.

Automatic road extraction from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery has been one of the major research topics in the area of remote sensing analysis due to its importance in a wide range of applications such as urban planning, road monitoring, intelligent transportation systems, and automatic road navigation. Thanks to the recent advances in Deep Learning (DL), the tedious manual segmentation of roads can be automated. However, the majority of these models are computationally heavy and, thus, are not suitable for UAV remote-sensing tasks with limited resources. To alleviate this bottleneck, we propose two lightweight models based on depthwise separable convolutions and ConvMixer inception block. Both models take the advantage of computational efficiency of depthwise separable convolutions and multi-scale processing of inception module and combine them in an encoder–decoder architecture of U-Net. Specifically, we substitute standard convolution layers used in U-Net for ConvMixer layers. Furthermore, in order to learn images on different scales, we apply ConvMixer layer into Inception module. Finally, we incorporate pathway networks along the skip connections to minimize the semantic gap between encoder and decoder. In order to validate the performance and effectiveness of the models, we adopt Massachusetts roads dataset. One incarnation of our models is able to beat the U-Net’s performance with 10× fewer parameters, and DeepLabV3’s performance with 12× fewer parameters in terms of mean intersection over union (mIoU) metric. For further validation, we have compared our models against four baselines in total and used additional metrics such as precision (P), recall (R), and F1 score.

The Restraint Girder System (RGS) was previously presented as a new design option for composite girders. RGS is a composite steel and concrete girder, made continuous with rigid or semi-rigid connections. The RGS design provides beneficial cost, depth and deflection results, and is easy to construct. Various parts and components of the Restraint Girder System were previously studied by the writer, Van Dalen, Leon, Johnson, Kemp and others. Local web buckling was studied by Kemp. This paper presents an analysis for web buckling considerations when US steel shapes are designed with RGS, provides a definitive classification for all US shapes and provides recommendations to be included in a future RGS addition to the Code. This paper presents the mathematical analysis for web buckling considerations, indicates how U. S. steel sections with RGS are rated for local web buckling and provides recommended options for ductility.

We derive a smoothing regularizer for dynamic network models by requiring robustness in prediction performance to perturbations of the training data. The regularizer can be viewed as a generalization of the first-order Tikhonov stabilizer to dynamic models. For two layer networks with recurrent connections described by the training criterion with the regularizer is where Φ = {U, V, W} is the network parameter set, Z(t) are the targets, I(t) = {X(s), s = 1,2, …, t} represents the current and all historical input information, N is the size of the training data set, [Formula: see text] is the regularizer, and λ is a regularization parameter. The closed-form expression for the regularizer for time-lagged recurrent networks is where ‖ ‖ is the Euclidean matrix norm and γ is a factor that depends upon the maximal value of the first derivatives of the internal unit activations f(). Simplifications of the regularizer are obtained for simultaneous recurrent nets (τ ↦ 0), two-layer feedforward nets, and one layer linear nets. We have successfully tested this regularizer in a number of case studies and found that it performs better than standard quadratic weight decay.

In 1471-1472 Ferrante King of Naples (r. 1458-1494) ushered in an ambitious political program with clear imperial overtones. This project was centered (at least initially) on countering the Ottoman advance and was based on a complex system of marriage alliances set up through Ferrante’s numerous legitimate and illegitimate children as well as his nieces. This paper shows how Ferrante used his nieces, the daughters born of his sister Eleonora and the disgraced baron Marino Marzano, to draw in a select group of magnates from the eastern, “Illyrian” coast of the Adriatic. These were magnates with previous connections to the Aragonese regime that had been established by Ferrante’s father, Alfonso King of Aragon and Naples (r. 1416/1442-1458). However, after the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia in 1463, they found themselves in a desperate state, as they came under pressure not only from Ottoman raids but also from the centralizing politics of their overlords. Vlatko Kosača, Duke of St. Sava, an Ottoman tributary; Count Stjepan Frankapan of Modruš, a subject of the King of Hungary; and Count Ivan Frankapan of Krk, a Venetian vassal. This paper examines the political circumstances that drove these magnates to respond to Ferrante’s calls and traces the dynamic of the marriage negotiations that transpired between them. The marriage negotiations of Vlatko Kosača are by far the best attested of the three and seem to have been carried out with the least obstacles. Drawing on previously unpublished or simply unknown sources (published in Appendix 1), this paper reconstructs the complex three-way communication that transpired from December of 1472 till June of 1473 between the Neapolitan court, Duke Vlatko in (Herceg-)Novi, and, finally, Vlatko’s sister Catherine, the exiled Queen of Bosnia, who, together with Nicholas bishop of Modruš, helped broker the deal from Rome. The result was the marriage of Duke Vlatko and Ferrante’s niece Margherita Marzano, celebrated in May of 1474. Ivan Frankapan of Krk and Stjepan Frankapan of Modruš established direct contacts with the Neapolitan court as early as October of 1472, when an unnamed Neapolitan envoy — perhaps Ferrante’s resident ambassador in Venice, Anello Arcamone — arrived in Croatia as part of the joint Venetian-papal-Neapolitan mission to reconcile the Croatian magnates (extensive documents related to which are published in Appendix 2). It is argued, however, that both the Frankapani of Krk and the Frankapani of Modruš, much like Costanzo Sforza of Pesaro, were first presented with an opportunity to marry Ferrante’s nieces at the wedding of Ferrante’s older daughter Eleonora d’Aragona and Duke Ercole d’Este in Ferrara in July 1473, which tellingly they both attended. Their experiences with the Neapolitan court thereafter were quite different, as revealed, among other things, by new archival evidence regarding their contacts with Italian courts (the most extensive of which are published in Appendix 3). Ivan Frankapan thus seems to have begun the discussions regarding the marriage of his son Nikola with a Neapolitan princess at the end of 1473 or in the first half of 1474, making use of the growing Neapolitan-Venetian enmity over Cyprus. His plan of secretly sending his son to the Neapolitan court was, however, foiled by Venice, as was his subsequent plan to marry him off to the daughter of Ferrante’s captain general, Federico da Montefeltro. Stjepan Frankapan, on the other hand, had a tense relationship with his overlord, King Matthias of Hungary, but, though he constantly maintained independent contacts with the Italian courts, he only responded to Ferrante’s proposal after September 1474, when the Neapolitan-Hungarian marriage alliance was agreed. The result was the marriage of Stjepan’s son Bernardin to Luisa Marzano, which was celebrated in Naples in summer of 1476, just before the per procuram marriage of Beatrice d’Aragona and King Matthias. This marriage, finally, after a decade of tense relations, brought the Frankapani of Modruš back into their king’s grace. Ultimately all three lords turned to King Ferrante for political reasons and all three hoped that marriages to his nieces would also be followed by the establishments of Aragonese bridgeheads on the eastern Adriatic coast, whether south in Dubrovnik (per the hopes of the Kosače) or north in Senj (per the hopes of the Frankapani). At the same time, it is also clear that there were other non-political questions that were important to the magnates. Probably the most important was the beauty and youth of the bride; not all the Marzano sisters were considered equally attractive. Also, it is interesting that Ferrante insisted on the magnates paying the dowries themselves, since he believed that the protection and prestige that came with marrying into royalty was enough of an incentive. The fact that Bernardin Frankapan of Modruš and Vlatko Kosača agreed to this shows that they did indeed consider them an investment. In the end the Neapolitan heritage became an important element of their family identity even after the collapse of the Aragonese regime.

We argue that the freezing transition scenario , previously conjectured to occur in the statistical mechanics of 1/ f -noise random energy models, governs, after reinterpretation, the value distribution of the maximum of the modulus of the characteristic polynomials p N ( θ ) of large N × N random unitary (circular unitary ensemble) matrices U N ; i.e. the extreme value statistics of p N ( θ ) when . In addition, we argue that it leads to multi-fractal-like behaviour in the total length μ N ( x ) of the intervals in which | p N ( θ )|> N x , x >0, in the same limit. We speculate that our results extend to the large values taken by the Riemann zeta function ζ ( s ) over stretches of the critical line of given constant length and present the results of numerical computations of the large values of ). Our main purpose is to draw attention to the unexpected connections between these different extreme value problems.

In contemporary Polish, there are phraseologies and winged words that come from film, series, songs, the language of politics, advertising, popular TV and radio programs. S. Chęciński’s trilogy includes, among others, the following idioms and winged words: sami swoi; nie ma mocnych; dla zdrowotnosti a. dla zdrowotności; Podejdź do płota (jako i ja podchodzę); Sąd sądem, a sprawiedliwość musi być po naszej stronie; U mnie słowo droższe pieniędzy. In the texts, apart from the canonical forms of the relationships, there are also their modifications, cf. Sąd sądem, ale …; Sąd sądem, a sprawiedliwość musi być po Jarka stronie; Prawo prawem, ale sprawiedliwość musi być po naszej stronie; Sądy Sądami - ale sprawiedliwość musi być po naszej stronie; Sąd sądem, a sprawiedliwość PO naszej stronie musi być. Usually these are replacing, sometimes shortening or adding modifications. Innovation strengthens the invariant. Permanent verbal connections in canonical form, their modifications may in texts fulfill fatal, ludic, persuasive and informative functions.

В статье рассматриваются конструкции с союзом чтобы. Анализируются формальные и семантические отношения между разными типами чтобы-клауз, подчиненными существительному. Различаются несколько семантических классов существительных: (1) абстрактные существительные (а) случай, прецедент, пример, факт, история, ситуация; (б) повод, основание и др., ср.: Но в тридцатилетней практике бухгалтера не было случая, чтобы кто-нибудь /…/ затруднялся бы принять деньги [М.А. Булгаков]; (2) конкретные функциональные существительные, обозначающие предмет: У него с собой всегда была иголка с ниткой, чтобы пуговицы пришивать; лицо: У него есть повар, чтобы готовить. Показано, что системные связи между актантными и сирконстантными чтобы-клаузами определяются сходными компонентами в семантической структуре предложений. The paper discusses constructions with the conjunction chtoby ‘to’. Formal and semantic relations between different types of chtoby-clauses subordinate to a noun are analyzed. Several semantic classes of nouns are contrasted: (1) abstract nouns: (a) sluchai ‘case’, pretsedent ‘precedent’, primer ‘example’, fakt ‘fact’, istoriya ‘history’, situatsiya ‘situation’, (b) povod ‘occasion’, osnovanie ‘reason’, etc., cf.: No v tridtsatiletnei praktike bukhgaltera ne bylo sluchaya, chtoby kto-nibud' /…/ zatrudnyalsya by prinyat' den'gi [M.A. Bulgakov] ‘But there had been no case in the bookkeeper's thirty years of experience when anyone /…/ had had a hard rime accepting money’; (2) concrete functional nouns denoting (a) an object: U nego s soboi vsegda byla igolka s nitkoi, chtoby pugovitsy prishivat' ‘He always had a needle and thread with him to sew on buttons’; (b) a person: U nego est' povar, chtoby gotovit' ‘He has a chef to cook’. The article argues that the systemic connections between argument and circumstantial chtoby-clauses are determined by similar components in the semantic structure of sentences.

Significantly decimated in the battles that befell it at the end of 1943 and the beginning of 1944, the 18th Croatian NOU Brigade, after a short consolidation in Semberija, went to Posavina, in order to promote the communist, anti-fascist struggle among the predominantly Croatian population there, and tried to win him over to join her ranks. At the same time, on the military front, the Brigade was supposed to assist the already existing partisan units of the 16th Muslim Brigade and the Posavina-Trebavian partisan detachment in eliminating enemy groups. At that time, there were already well-organized village guards made up of local Ustasha and former home guards in the Croatian villages of Bosnian Posavina, while in the Serbian villages local Chetniks had already been in command for three years, and these two armed groups had a generally correct relationship with each other. The short-term stay of the 18th Croatian NOU Brigade was therefore not overly successful in either of the two mentioned plans, which is why its stay in Bosnian Posavina is reduced to just a few sentences in socialist historiography. Nevertheless, the short stay of the 18th Croatian Brigade in Posavina was not without events. First, on March 4, 1944, the brigade entered the village of Domaljevac, where its members ravaged the parish office of the local pastor, otherwise an ardent supporter of the Ustasha movement, Ante Tepeluk. Bogomir Brajković gave a speech in front of the gathered peasants, which did not bear much fruit. Brajković gave the same speech in the village of Matići a few days later, on March 13 of the same year, but he did not succeed in arousing the interest of the local population there either. The communists within the brigade tried to present themselves to the local Croatian population as a kind of continuation of the pre-war politics of the Croatian Peasant Party, of which individuals, such as the aforementioned Brajković, were indeed members. The Croatian population in Posavina, due to previous experiences fighting against the partisans, had already organized their village guards quite well, so the fighting that took place in mid-March was fierce and disastrous for the partisan brigade. At least nine partisans were killed in the military actions, while around 14 were wounded. The partisans briefly managed to occupy some villages, hold some propaganda speech, but due to the great insecurity, they retreated to the south after that. During the brigade's attack on Orašje, the partisans were joined by some local inhabitants, Bosniaks, which will be the beginning of animosity between Bosniaks and Croats in this area that will culminate in March 1945, but also the creation of connections that will be used in the coming times when a large number of members of the green cadre and members of the SS transferred to the national liberation units. In one military operation, the brigade captured five local legionnaires and sentenced them to death. The sentence was carried out on three, while two managed to escape. The brigade also had several firefights with Chetnik units in Posavina, which were of varying fortunes for them. In one attack, they managed to destroy a small Chetnik headquarters in the village of Batkuši and liquidate the local leader Ignjat Bijelić. In the second skirmish, which took place in the village of Blaževac, Pavle Gajić's Chetniks inflicted a heavy defeat on the brigade. The 18th Croatian Brigade withdrew from Posavina when the German 13th SS Division appeared in these areas. The aim of this work is, on the basis of available historical sources and historiographical and memoir literature, to show in detail the stay of this Brigade in Posavina, with special reference to its activities in the area of today's municipalities of Orašje and Domaljevac-Šamac, that is, the eastern part of Posavina County.

AbstractThick successions of turbidites are widespread in the Ross–Delamerian and Lachlan orogens and are now dispersed through Australia, Antarctica and New Zealand. U-Pb detrital zircon age patterns for latest Precambrian, Cambrian and Ordovician metagreywackes show a closely related provenance. The latest Neoproterozoic–early Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks have major components, at c. 525, 550, and 595 Ma, i.e. about 40–80 million years older than deposition. Zircons in these components increase from the Neoproterozoic to Ordovician. Late Mesoproterozoic age components, 1030 and 1070 Ma, probably originate from igneous/metamorphic rocks in the Gondwanaland hinterland whose exact locations are unknown. Although small, the youngest zircon age components are coincident with estimated depositional ages suggesting that they reflect contemporaneous and minor, volcanic sources. Overall, the detrital zircon provenance patterns reflect the development of plutonic/metamorphic complexes of the Ross–Delamerian Orogen in the Transantarctic Mountains and southern Australia that, upon exhumation, supplied sediment to regional scale basin(s) at the Gondwana margin. Tasmanian detrital zircon age patterns differ from those seen in intra-Ross Orogen sandstones of northern Victoria Land and from the oldest metasediments in the Transantarctic Mountains. A comparison with rocks from the latter supports an allochthonous western Tasmania model and amalgamation with Australia in late Cambrian time.

In this paper, we show that the representation variety of the fundamental group of a 2n-punctured S2 with different conjugacy classes in SU(2) along punctures is a symplectic stratified variety from the group cohomology point of view. The representation variety can be identified with the moduli space of s-equivalence classes of stable parabolic bundles over the 2n-punctured S2 with corresponding weights along punctures, and also can be identified with the moduli space of gauge equivalence classes of SU(2)-flat connections with prescribed holonomies along punctures. We obtain an invariant of links (knots) from intersection theory on such a moduli space (a generalization of the signature of the link). We also study a SL2(C)-character variety of a knot K in S3 with fixed holonomy μ + μ-1 along the meridian of π1(S3\ K) (μ ∈ C*). The fixed-trace condition rules out the possibility of reducible representations with non-abelian image and the ideal point of irreducible representations via a generic perturbation. For knots without closed incompressible surfaces in S3 \ K, we show that there is a well-defined SL2(C)-knot invariant which is also related to them A-polynomial for special values μ ∈ U(1)\ {± 1}.

Os fenômenos adversos têm uma atribuição muito importante na sociedade, seja por causa da intensidade, frequência de ocorrência ou tipo de fenômenos. Os principais objetivos do trabalho foram estudar a passagem das Correntes de Jato do Nordeste Brasileiro (CJNEB) entre os Hemisférios Norte (HN) e Hemisfério Sul (HS) e identificar a influência na ocorrência de fenômenos adversos no Nordeste Brasileiro (NEB). Os campos de linhas de corrente e magnitude de vento foram utilizados para identificar e quantificar a presença de ligações inter-hemisféricas no ano de 2017. Foram utilizados dados das componentes do vento u e v da reanalise do European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), ERA Interim de resolução de 0,75°x 0,75°, no nível de 200 hPa às 00 UTC. Os fenômenos meteorológicos adversos foram obtidos do banco de dados do REDMET dos principais aeroportos do NEB, usando o aplicativo API. As CJNEB foram divididas em três padrões de circulação: Meridional, Zonal e Transversal. As ligações entre os hemisférios foram observadas nos meses outubro, novembro, dezembro e fevereiro. Predominaram CJNEB meridionais de sul e transversais de sudoeste. Mais dias com essas ligações ocorreram em dezembro quando os fenômenos foram observados em todas as estações. As estações ao norte do NEB registraram mais ocorrências de tempestades. O fenômeno adverso mais frequente foi a chuva. Uma análise da relação entre os hemisférios pode ajudar a melhorar as previsões de tempo de curto prazo no NEB. Influence of jet stream connections between hemispheres on the frequency of adverse phenomena in Brazilian NortheastA B S T R A C TAdverse phenomena have a very important role in society, whether because of their intensity, frequency of occurrence or type of phenomena. The main objectives of the paper were to study the Brazilian Northeast Jet Stream (BNEJS) passing between the northern and southern hemispheres and to identify the influence of this jet stream in the occurrence of adverse phenomena in Brazilian Northeast (BNE). The wind field was used to identify and quantify the presence of inter-hemispheric connections in 2017. Data on the u and v wind components from the ECMWF reanalysis, ERA Interim with a resolution of 0.75° x 0.75°, were used at 200 hPa level at 00 UTC. Adverse weather phenomena were obtained from the REDMET database of the main BNE airports using the API application. BNEJSs were divided into three circulation patterns: Meridional, Zonal and Transversal. Connections between the hemispheres were observed in October, November, December and February. Meridional southern and transversal southwestern CJNEB prevailed. More days with this connection occurred in December, when phenomena were observed at all stations. Stations north of the BNE recorded more thunderstorms. The most frequent adverse phenomenon was rain. An analysis of the relationship between the hemispheres can help improv short-term weather forecasting in the BNE.Keywords: Brazilian Northeast Jet Stream. Interhemispheric conncection. Adverse phenomena

B a c k g r o u n d . The article is devoted to the analysis of the key directions of the study of the possible influence of the specifics of Chinese language culture on the content and nature of intellectual discourse, which is recognized as philosophical. Logic and ontology are the key areas of analysis of the possible influence of linguistic determinants on the intellectual discourse of China. Three main topics that attract the attention of researchers are the structure of judgment, the semantics of lexical units, and the specificity of the pragmatics of the Chinese language. M e t h o d s . The author applied general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and description of the works of researchers of Chinese philosophy, which justify and argue the fruitfulness of studying the peculiarities of Chinese language to explain the reasons of the fundamental difference between the problems actualized in the history of Chinese philosophy and those that formed the basis of the development of the history of philosophy in the Western world. R e s u l t s . It is generally accepted that for the worldview of representatives of Chinese culture, the world is a structural whole, consisting of elements that continuously interact in the dynamics of changes and transformations, we find a reflection of this feature in the semantics of the corresponding symbolic system. Polysemy in the Chinese language mostly reveals a complex and multi-layered "web" of associative and correlative connections between meanings, which in fact cannot be argued outside the context of the relevant cultural tradition indicating common features or similarities of the signified. The doubt about the typicality of understanding the denotations as fixed and atomized for the Chinese language culture is reasonable, even in those cases when it comes to the designation of empirically accessible objectivity. The main specific features of polysemy in the Chinese language are the complete heterogeneity of what is signified, and the lack of transparent grounds for identifying the genus-species subordination of the scope of general concepts. This can also serve as an explanation for the fact that we do not find a completely obvious and nondisputable analogue of the problem of universals of the Western model in the history of Chinese philosophy. C o n c l u s i o n s . Based on the peculiarities of the Chinese language culture, we can recognize as a reasonable a statement that the seemingly natural understanding of the essence – the subject, as something that remains the same (at least for a certain time), but it undergoes some changes through its manifestations – a predicate (properties and actions). It is not as necessary and axiomatic for Chinese thinkers as, for example, for ancient Greek philosophers. In addition, we can recognize the fact that the verb "to exist" does not fulfill the role of a necessary copula in judgments in the Chinese language, as a probable reason for the lack of fundamental problematization of the concept of "being" in the Chinese history of philosophy. In general, the context of the use of a certain word-sign in the Chinese language plays a determining role. The actualization of one or another meaning in an expression is formed not only by its integration into a certain text, but also by its purpose in accordance with the specific practice of application. Therefore, this can serve as an explanation for the absence of an original and axiomatic interpretation of truth as absolute, that is, unchanging and non-relative in the history of Chinese philosophy.

Objective. To delineate technical aspects of vascular models with intracranial aneurysm in vitro production, suitable for angiographic imaging. Material and methods. Wax (K2 exact, S-U-CERAMO-CAPS-WAX), Girtl’s mass, gelatin, and silicone (Silicone 10015 Den Braven, Elastosil 7683/25, Elite Double 32 Shore-A, Rema-Sil) were used for model production. Construction of models was based on T-shaped plastic tube connections and lost core techniques. Images of rotational angiography, glass tubes with aneurysm, and casts obtained in human specimen were used as samples of cerebral arteries. Results. Technical aspects of vascular models production were delineated in experience of eight silicone models produced. M1 was hand made with basilar tip aneurysm; M2 was obtained according to angiography images with internal carotid artery supraclinoid part bifurcation to anterior and middle cerebral artery aneurysm. BM1 and BM2 casts were made using glass tubes with lateral aneurysm, M3 – from T-shaped plastic tubes with lateral aneurysms. M4, M5, and M6 were formed using casts obtained in human specimen with basilar tip aneurysm. Conclusions. Silicone of two components is practical for casts of cerebral arteries in human specimen production. Gelatinous solution 50°C diluted 1:1 with water can be used for copies of arterial casts production. Wax materials are unsuitable for making casts in a human specimen.

The research topic of the article focuses only on the question of Wagner’s influence on Mann. Thomas Mann is considered the writer most obsessed with music. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the reason for the writer’s focus on Wagner’s music, which determined the huge capacity of Mann’s vision of the world and his multi-layered dramaturgy. The subject of the research is to study of the influence of Wagner’s musical thought on Mann’s literature, for which empirical, comparative, and interdisciplinary research methods are used. From a methodological point of view, S. Bolduc, R. Pratt, D. Nagy, and U. Jung’s works are important. The article discusses the following: Mann’s new genre model—the anti-novel— inspired by Wagner’s musical drama; the influence of stylistic and formative elements of Wagner’s music on Mann’s literature; the influence of Wagner’s tendency to merge psychology and mythos on Mann’s oeuvre; the dominance of inner spiritual processes in Wagner’s dramas, as an inspiration for developing the technique of inner dialogue and internalization of the narrative in the writer’s novels; the influence of Wagner’s leitmotif system on the writer’s technique of associative connections. As not only the individual characteristics, but the whole system of artistic thought of Wagner’s music became a source of inspiration for Mann, the relevance of the article is conditioned by the complex study of Wagner’s influence on Mann.

B a c k g r o u n d . Strengthening the financial basis of local self-government takes on archival importance, considering the economic circumstances of the wartime and post-war reconstruction of the territories of Ukraine. In this regard there is a need to improve the local finance management system and develop its institutional support in conditions of financial decentralization. Theoretical and practical aspects of management in the field of local finances, inter-budgetary relations, financial relations of local self-government bodies in the context of decentralization are considered in the works of domestic scientists: V. Bodrov, V. Vakulenko, I. Volokhova, N. Honcharuk, V. Gornyk, A. Degtyar. The strengthening of the financial basis of local selfgovernment in the process of the post-war recovery of the economy of Ukraine is studied in the works of Z. Varnalij, I. Vertsiuk, Ya. Zhalilo, M. Kosheliuk, I. Ozymok, O. Sokolova, U. Thomann and others. Implementation of financial decentralization, management of local finances is considered by such foreign scientists as: J. Buchanan, A. Wagner, R. Musgrave, W. Oates, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, H. Zimmerman, F. Fukuyama, J. Schumpeter and others. It remains expedient to search for institutional mechanisms for further reforming the financial relations of local self-government bodies, models for managing inter-budgetary relations, sources of financing local budget expenditures, and expanding public control mechanisms in the process of managing local finances under conditions of decentralization. The purpose of the article is the scientific and theoretical justification of the institutional transformations of the local finance system of Ukraine and the development of practical recommendations regarding the mechanisms of its development in the context of the decentralization of state administration. The tasks of the article are to consider the existing problems and outline the prospects for ensuring the processes of financial decentralization, to propose mechanisms for the necessary institutional transformations in the system of local finance of Ukraine and tools for their implementation. M e t h o d s . The article was carried out with the help of modern theoretical and cognitive methods, the dialectics of the processes of public administration and local self-government in the conditions of financial decentralization and reforming of local finances. Methods of system analysis, synthesis and comparisons, historical, logical, deductive methods and modeling were also used. The research used the theory of public choice, public goods and the structural-functional approach to improve the management of budget funds in conditions of decentralization. R e s u l t s . It is claimed that the pre-war experience of active implementation of the decentralization reform in Ukraine gave positive results, from which it is necessary to move on, and further develop and improve this vector. It was determined that institutional transformations should take place within the framework of financial support system structural elements of local self-government – budgets of different levels. The mechanisms of the necessary institutional transformations in the local finances system in Ukraine and the tools for their implementation are proposed. In particular, such a method of improving the local finances system as budget cooperation is proposed. The Law of Ukraine norms "On Cooperation of Territorial Communities" have been analyzed and proposals have been made to expand the regulatory influence of the specified law regarding budget cooperation procedures. Attention was focused on the importance of training modern personnel of local self-government bodies that implement policies in the sphere of budget, finance and prices. The importance of the development of the institution of civil society is also emphasized. Emphasis is placed on the expansion of models and forms of self-organization bodies cooperation of the population in the processes of control and supervision of the local self-government bodies activities in the local finances field in Ukraine. C o n c l u s i o n s . Therefore, the goal of institutional transformations of the local finance system of Ukraine in the context of decentralization is to significantly expand the capabilities of local self-government bodies to independently manage all socio-economic processes at the level of territorial communities and to establish connections between regions, the symbiosis of which can bring the desired effect for the economy of the entire country. Such changes should be synchronized with the changes envisaged by the plan for Ukraine to acquire the status of an EU member state. Our proposals are designed to improve the quality of local self-government and encourage further scientific research in the field of local finance management in Ukraine.

This article concentrates on the problem of literary interactions. It studies connections between Joseph Brodskys imperative poems Ne vykhodi iz komnaty (Dont leave your room, 1970) and Nazidanie (Cautionary Advice, 1987), and their imitations. Those imitations were composed by both amateur and professional authors. The research objective is to define the character of similarities, the latter being mainly manifested at the rhythmic, speech and ideological levels. The methodology is based upon an empirical approach to the text; the specific methods are prosody analysis, comparative analysis, analysis of the motive structure. Two types of imitation of the said pre-texts are distinguished in the study. The first one is reflective feeble imitation represented by amateur texts written by web authors. Amateur poets create simplified variations of Ne vykhodi iz komnaty that became a lockdown hymn in the spring of 2020. Conscious support of a renowned poets work seems to legitimate creation of an amateur piece with its further placement on the web. The other type of imitation is a poetic dialogue. In spite of the fact that the author mainly employs ready-made compositional and speech patterns and lyrical and narrative motives, he develops and combines them in his own manner. M. Vatutinas poem S chuzhimi ne razgovarivai, zhizn u tebya odna (Dont talk to strangers, youve got just the only one life) may be viewed as a rhythmic and semantic paraphrase of Brodskys Nazidanie followed by definite transformations. Conceivably it cannot be referred to the so-called secondary texts in spite of its strong connection to Brodskys poems.

Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu komutacji i kookurencji, które są stosunkami lokacji, czyli stosunkami pomiędzy elementami tekstu A i B ze względu na ich występowanie w danym otoczeniu. Komutacja (sto- sunek paradygmatyczny) jest to stosunek występowania wymiennego, a kookurencja (stosunek syntagma- tyczny) jest to stosunek współwystępowania. W odniesieniu wewnętrznego zróżnicowania każdego z tych stosunków, traktowanego jako rodzaj/typ lub klasa, można mówić o jego „wartościach” (jak czyni autor niniejszego artykułu) lub o „stosunkach” jako okazach. Celem artykułu jest (1) przedstawienie ‒ na podsta- wie wybranych prac ‒ stanu badań dotyczących komutacji i kookurencji oraz (2) ukazanie możliwości opisu poszczególnych wartości tych stosunków w postaci operacji algebry Boole’a. Częś ć p ierw s za artykułu zawiera opis podejścia Leona Zawadowskiego (Lingwistyczna teoria języka, 1966: 314‒361), który mówi o „związkach” (nie: stosunkach) syntagmatycznych i komutacyjnych i skupia się na istocie i podstawach ich rozróżnienia jako dwóch rodzajów, jak też na charakterystyce poszczególnych „związków” (stosun- ków) w obrębie jednego i drugiego rodzaju. Ustalenia dokonane przez Zawadowskiego stanowią ważny etap w budowaniu teorii komutacji i kookurencji. C z ę ś ć d r u g a daje zarys dotychczasowych wyników prac autora artykułu w zakresie omawianego zagadnienia. Obejmują one m.in. (1) wykorzystanie wartości komutacji (pod nazwą stosunków dystrybucyjnych) do opisu zjawisk składniowych (w jego rozprawie doktorskiej English Phrasal Verbs, 1965, opublikowanej drukiem jako The Syntax of English Phrasal Verbs, 1972) oraz (2) w zestawieniu z ujęciem reprezentowanym przez Zawadowskiego ‒ zmodyfikowane i wzbo- gacone o nowe elementy spojrzenie na komutację i kookurencję, jak też na ich wartości (w drugim rozdziale pracy The Dynamics of Language, 1976: 9 i 21‒37). W DL autor ustala 16 wartości (w tym jedną wartość pustą) jednakowych dla komutacji i kookurencji, opisuje każdą z tych wartości i daje ich łączne zestawie- nie w tabelach. C z ę ś ć t r z e c i a przedstawia propozycję nową, której treścią jest opis wartości komutacji i kookurencji w schemacie funkcji boolowskiej f (x, y) dwóch zmiennych poprzez zastosowanie tej funkcji w postaci sum wielomianów minimalnych, np. w przypadku ekskluzji symetrycznej A i B z komplementacją funkcja f = (A ∩ ~ B) U (~A ∩ B), gdzie ∩ = iloczyn logiczny, U = suma logiczna, ~A = negacja. Commutation (paradigmatic relation) and co-occurrence (syntagmatic relation) in light of Boole’s algebra Abstract The paper discusses commutation and co-occurrence, which are relations of location, i.e. relations be- tween textual entities, A and B, with regard to their occurrence in a given environment. Commutation (paradigmatic relation) is the relation of non-simultaneous (substitutional) occurrence, while co-occur- rence (syntagmatic relation) is the relation of simultaneous occurrence. With regard to the internal varia- tion of each of these relations, when treated as a category, type, or class, one can speak of their “values” (as is done by the present author) or “relations” as specimens. The aim of the paper is (1) to give, on the basis of selected studies, an overview of the theory of commutation and co-occurrence and (2) to propose the description of the values of these relations in the shape of operations of Boole’s algebra. P a r t 1 of the paper presents the essential points of Leon Zawadowski’s approach (LTJ, 1966: 314‒361), who speaks of syntagmatic and commutational “connections” (instead of relations) and focuses on the nature of this distinction as well as on the characteristics of particular “connections” (i.e. relations, and, in our terminology, values) within each of the two types. Zawadowski’s treatment of the problem is an import- ant stage in the development of the theory of commutation and co-occurrence. P a r t 2 gives an outline of the present author’s earlier contribution concerning the problem discussed. It includes (1) the use of the values of commutation (under the name of distributional relations) for the description of syntactic phenomena (presented in his PhD thesis English Phrasal Verbs, 1965, published later as The Syntax of English Phrasal Verbs, 1972) and (2) in relation to Zawadowski’s approach, a revised and enriched treat- ment of commutation and co-occurrence, including a discussion of their values (see Chapter 2 of The Dy namics of Language, 1976: 9, 21‒37). In DL, the author establishes and describes 16 values (one of them empty), which are the same for commutation and co-occurrence, and juxtaposes them in tables. P a r t 3 contains a new proposal, namely a description of the values of commutation and co-occurrence in the schema of the Boolean function f (x, y) of two variables by applying this function in the shape of the sums of minimal polynomials, e.g., in the case of the symmetric exclusion of A and B with complementation, the function f = (A ∩ ~ B) U (~A ∩ B), where ∩ = logical product, U = logical sum, and ~A = negation.

The article investigates the problem of studying the vitality according to domestic and foreign approaches. The concept of “vitality” and its components, peculiarities of vitality and stress interrelation are considered. The factors that cause stress in humans and the mechanisms of vitality that reduce the impact of stress factors on an individual, as well as characteristics of a student’s age being one of sensitive periods of their manifestation and development of vitality are shown. The author empirically investigates special features and components of vitality development of students-psychologists, who are in their 1-4 years of study at the university. The research involved 80 students from the University after Ushinsky. The following research methods were used: the vitality test by S. Maddy (adapted by D.O. Leontiev and O.I. Rasskazova), the method of life meaningful orientation by D.O. Leontiev, questionnaire “The idea of information and psychological safety” by T.O. Basanova. Spearman’s correlation method and U. Mann-Whitney’s test were used for statistical analysis. According to the results of the study, it was found that the level of the students’ vitality in their 1-4 years was average but a significant increase in indicators was found in those who were in their third year. Peculiarities of the students’ life awareness with different levels of vitality are revealed. Besides, the connections between the indicators of vitality and the components of life meaningful orientations of testees’ are presented. The level of information-and-psychological safety of students and its connection with vital indicators is investigated. That is, vitality as a resource stimulates the activity of students and can ensure their psychological safety in modern realities.

The proposed research constitutes a completed author’s p r o j e c t of creating a complicated complex of multi-module methodological optics of multidisciplinary research of the post-non-classical mode-level of thought-activity implementation, which super-reflexively and meta-systemically complements: a) appropriate multi-parametric optics of the classical, non-classical and post-non-classical t y p e s of scientific rationality according to the logic of their categorical, criterion, attributive and thought-activity complication; b) a five-level structure-functional organization (implemented according to the philosophical categories “universal – general – special – specific”) of methodological m o d u l e s as collective tools of professional methodologization within the framework of the most culturally significant methodologies; c) the ideals, principles, strategies, and norms of the nascent p o s t – n o n – c l a s s i c a l methodology which advocates an interpenetrating type of connection between all sciences, establishes a dialogue of cultures, integrates the unity of truth and morality, rational knowledge and ethical behavior, legalizes mixed methods, paradigms, methodologems; d) foundations-postulates, categories, canons and epistemological organizations of a metamethodological optics which is currently being formed as the newest post-non-classical project of interconnected development trajectories of philosophy, science, methodology, is based on the understanding the optics as an integral mechanism or a complicated complex of selection tools and equipping the lenses-modules of interdependent understanding, thinking, activity, reflection in the canonical format of realization the a c t of metamethodologization, the subject of which is the study of existing methodological theories and systems, at the same time, it is the methodological optics that is the main synthetic objectification and paradigmatic center of the post-non-classical v e r s i o n of methodology advocated here. First of all, in connection with this, based on the principle of action, the essential quaternary subjectifications, the main causes, the instrument-categorical modules of logically perfected methodological optics, as well as the defining criteria for typological distinction of historically variable and culturally different in significance and influence i d e a l s of scientific rationality were revealed. At the same time, m o d e l s of methodological optics of classical, non-classical and post-non-classical science were created and characterized in detail for the first time, their ever-growing quantitatively and qualitatively parametric set was clearly defined, structure-functional connections were described, invariantly were accepted ideals and norms of cognitive activity and the main epistemological organizations and products. In addition, the arguments-positions of the emergence of a post-non-classical epistemology in the complementarity of epistemological and purely cognitive aspects of reflective consideration are detailed and systematized. A five-level categorical scheme of clearly organized lenses-modules of the latest methodological optics of theoretical construction and psychological cognition of modular-developmental interaction as a complex-systemic psychosocial phenomenon is argued. As a result, the methodological optics is grounded in four d i m e n s i o n s or m o d e s of its own thought-active being, namely: “metaphorical construct and categorical concept of philosophical and scientific methodologies”; “a special setting of the research and constructive consciousness in its essential environment – the intentionality of methodological thinking – to its own self-reflection”; “an original reasoning instrument and an effective tool for thought-activity and competent methodologization”; “an innovative modular complex of self-reflective lenses (mainly methods, means, mechanisms and instruments) of construction, cognition and transformation of reality which is used under specific conditions, tasks, resources, capabilities”.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of religious utterances in everyday speech by Jordanian university students and those of U. S. university students. This study tries to compare and contrast the frequency of religious speech by Jordanian and American students in order to show cross-cultural similarities and variations, and to foreground connections among linguistic, cultural, and religious subtexts. The researchers contend that people, from various cultures paradigms, need to re-envision and reformulate their methods of interaction, both locally and globally. The study took place at IUP (Indiana University of Pennsylvania). Five Jordanian students and five American students are selected from various fields of study and specializations. They are mostly acquaintances who expressed their willingness to help with this study. The researchers conducted ten personal interviews with all the participants, and each interview lasted about 30 minutes. The researchers chose to audio record the interviews because all the participants signed a consent form and thus gave us the permission to do so. All the participants are IUP students; most of them are undergraduate students, but three of them are doing graduate studies at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Not only did the researchers hand each participant a copy of the questionnaire, but they also explained the questions to them and ascertained that they fully understood each question. The participants were presented with the same exact questions to see how they respond to these situations, and the researchers interpreted their responses and have come up with conclusions about the integration of religious language in the parameters of everyday speech used by U.S. and Jordanian students. Basically, the data collected delineates similarities and differences between respondents from both cultures and features intersections between religiously marked language and everyday speech.

There is little information about the mechanisms by which G-protein–coupled receptors gate ion channels although many ionotropic receptors are well studied. We have investigated gating of the muscarinic cationic channel, which mediates the excitatory effect of acetylcholine in smooth muscles, and proposed a scheme consisting of four pairs of closed and open states. Channel kinetics appeared to be the same in cell-attached or outside-out patches whether the channel was activated by carbachol application or by intracellular dialysis with GTPγS. Since in the latter case G-proteins are permanently active, it is concluded that the cationic channel is the major determinant of its own gating, similarly to the KACh channel (Ivanova-Nikolova, T.T., and G.E. Breitwieser. 1997. J. Gen. Physiol. 109:245–253). Analysis of adjacent-state dwell times revealed connections between the states that showed features conserved among many other ligand-gated ion channels (e.g., nAChR, BKCa channel). Open probability (PO) of the cationic channel was increased by membrane depolarization consistent with the prominent U-shaped I-V relationship of the muscarinic whole-cell current at negative potentials. Membrane potential affected transitions within each closed-open state pair but had little effect on transitions between pairs; thus, the latter are likely to be caused by interactions of the channel with its ligands, e.g., Ca2+ and Gαo-GTP. Channel activity was highly heterogeneous, as was evident from the prominent cycling behavior when PO was measured over 5-s intervals. This was related to the variable frequency of openings (as in the KACh channel) and, especially, to the number of long openings between consecutive long shuttings. Analysis of the underlying Markov chain in terms of probabilities allowed us to evaluate the contribution of each open state to the integral current (from shortest to longest open state: 0.1, 3, 24, and 73%) as PO increased 525-fold in three stages.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a disease of the retina, which leads over time to vision problems such retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, glaucoma, and in worse cases leads to blindness, which can initially be controlled by periodic DR-screening. Early diagnosis will lead to greater control of the disease, whereas performing retinal examinations on all diabetic patients is an unattainable need, as diabetes is a chronic disease and its global prevalence has been steadily increasing over the past few decades. According to recent World Health Organization statistics, about 422 million people worldwide have diabetes, the majority living in low-and middle-income countries. This paper proposes a new strategy that brings the strength of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to the diagnosis of DR. Coupled with using principal component analysis (PCA) that performs dimension reduction to improve the diagnostic accuracy, the proposed model exploiting edge-preserving guided image filtering (E-GIF) that performs as a contrast enhancement mechanism, and in addition to smoothing low gradient areas, it also accentuates strong edges. Diabetic retinopathy causes progressive damage to the blood vessels in the retina to the extent that it leaves traces and lesions in the tissues of the retina. These lesions appear in the form of edges and when processing retinal images, we seek to accentuate these edges to enable better diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy symptoms. A new CNN architecture with residual connections is used, which performs very well in diagnosing DR. The proposed model is named with RUnet-PCA: Residual U-net Deep CNN with Principal Component Analysis. The well-known AlexNet, VggNet-s, VggNet-16, VggNet-19, GoogleNet, and ResNet models were adopted for comparison with the proposed model. Publicly available Kaggle dataset was employed for training exploring the DR diagnosis accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed RUnet-PCA model achieved a diagnosis accuracy of 98.44% and it was extremely robust and promising in comparison to other diagnosis methods.

Traditional models hold that the plastic reorganization of brain structures occurs mainly during childhood and adolescence, leaving adults with limited means to learn new knowledge and skills. Research within the last decade has begun to overturn this belief, documenting changes in the brain's gray and white matter as healthy adults learn simple motor and cognitive skills [Lövdén, M., Bodammer, N. C., Kühn, S., Kaufmann, J., Schütze, H., Tempelmann, C., et al. Experience-dependent plasticity of white-matter microstructure extends into old age. Neuropsychologia, 48, 3878–3883, 2010; Taubert, M., Draganski, B., Anwander, A., Müller, K., Horstmann, A., Villringer, A., et al. Dynamic properties of human brain structure: Learning-related changes in cortical areas and associated fiber connections. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 11670–11677, 2010; Scholz, J., Klein, M. C., Behrens, T. E. J., & Johansen-Berg, H. Training induces changes in white-matter architecture. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 1370–1371, 2009; Draganski, B., Gaser, C., Busch, V., Schuirer, G., Bogdahn, U., & May, A. Changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature, 427, 311–312, 2004]. Although the significance of these changes is not fully understood, they reveal a brain that remains plastic well beyond early developmental periods. Here we investigate the role of adult structural plasticity in the complex, long-term learning process of foreign language acquisition. We collected monthly diffusion tensor imaging scans of 11 English speakers who took a 9-month intensive course in written and spoken Modern Standard Chinese as well as from 16 control participants who did not study a language. We show that white matter reorganizes progressively across multiple sites as adults study a new language. Language learners exhibited progressive changes in white matter tracts associated with traditional left hemisphere language areas and their right hemisphere analogs. Surprisingly, the most significant changes occurred in frontal lobe tracts crossing the genu of the corpus callosum—a region not generally included in current neural models of language processing. These results indicate that plasticity of white matter plays an important role in adult language learning and additionally demonstrate the potential of longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging as a new tool to yield insights into cognitive processes.

The challenge of implementing character education has an impact on the development of children's character. This study aims to describe the form of parenting using tueak serembeak in early character development and education in the Rejang tribe. This qualitative research uses a case study method with two male respondents. Data was collected by documentation, interviews, observations, and field notes and analysed using the Miles and Huberman stages. The theoretical study as the basis of research shows that tueak serembeak can form twelve characters in early childhood, responsibility, courage to take decisions, sharing, caring, survival, tenacity, cooperation, hard work, never give up, keep the spirit, dare to accept challenges, and be patient in dealing with problems. However, the findings in the field show that there are only four characters that appear, being responsible, sharing, caring and patient in dealing with problems. Other characters that appear not based on the teachings of tueak serembeakare independent, creative, and friendly characters. This happens because of the influence of external intervention, education in Air Raman Village, which has developed, advanced technology and open community life. A suggestion for further research, is experimental research based on tueak serembeak teachings that can explain more clearly the influence of this teaching on other aspects of child development. Keywords: Early Character Development, Parenting, Tueak Serembeak References: Acar, I. H., Uçuş, Ş., & Yıldız, S. (2017). Parenting and Turkish children’ s behaviour problems: The moderating role of qualities of parent – child relationship moderating role of qualities of parent – child relationship. 4430(September). https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2017.1365362 Adhe, K. R. (2014). Penanaman Karakter Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Pada Masyarakat Samin. Asscheman, J. S., He, J., Koot, S., Buil, J. M., Krabbendam, L., & Lier, P. A. C. Van. (2020). Classroom peer preferences and the development of sharing behavior with friends and others. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 44(5), 412–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025420911094 Bavarian, N., Lewis, K. M., Dubois, D. L., Acock, A., Vuchinich, S., Silverthorn, N., Snyder, F. J., Day, J., Ji, P., & Flay, B. R. (2013). Using social-emotional and character development to improve academic outcomes: A matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial in low-income, urban schools. The Journal of School Health, 83(11), 771–779. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12093 Berkowitz, R., Astor, R. A., Pineda, D., DePedro, K. T., Weiss, E. L., & Benbenishty, R. (2021). Parental Involvement and Perceptions of School Climate in California. Urban Education, 56(3), 393–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085916685764 Castro-schilo, L., Taylor, Z. E., Ferrer, E., Richard, W., Conger, R. D., Widaman, K. F., Conger, R. D., & Widaman, K. F. (2012). Parenting: Science and Practice Parents’ Optimism, Positive Parenting, and Child Peer Competence in Mexican- Origin Families Parents’ Optimism, Positive Parenting, and Child Peer Competence in Mexican-Origin Families. September 2013, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.709151 Dalimonte-Merckling, D., & Williams, J. M. (2020). Parenting Styles and Their Effects☆. In J. B. Benson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development (Second Edition) (pp. 470–480). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.23611-0 Daniel, G. R., Wang, C., & Berthelsen, D. (2016). Early Childhood Research Quarterly Early school-based parent involvement, children’ s self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An Australian longitudinal study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.12.016 Dea, L. F., Anwar, M. S., & Yusuf, M. (2020). Building Early Childhood Character through KH. Wahid Hasyim Education Model at RA Ma’ arif Metro. 6(2), 109–120. http://dx.doi.org./0.442/al-athfal.2020.62-02 Diana, R. R., Chirzin, M., Bashori, K., Suud, F. M., & Khairunnisa, N. Z. (2021). Parental Engagement on Children Character Education: The Influences of Positive Parenting and Agreeableness Mediated by Religiosity. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(2), 428–444. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i2.39477 Ekorusyono, Y., Rosyadi, I., & Tri Bima, P. (2015). Roh kehidupan Suku Rejang. Buku Litera. Freijo, E. B. A., López, M. J. R., Freijo, E. B. A., & López, M. J. R. (2018). Positive parenting in Spain: Introduction to the special issue Positive parenting in Spain: Introduction to the special issue. 4430. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1501565 Gomez, Jessie A; Carter, Alice S; Forbes, Danielle; Gray, S. A. o. (2019). Parental Insightfulness and Parenting Behavior: A two-dimensional analysis of parent contributions to child cognitive outcomes. HHS Public Access, 20(3), 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2018.1446734.Parental Gü, S. K. (2017). The Education of Developing Responsibility Value *. 5(2), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i2.1361 Hariyanto, S. M. (2012). Konsep dan Model Pendidikan Karakter [Character Education Concepts and Models]. Remaja rosdakarya. Hodijah, S., Rachmawati, Y., Studi, P., Guru, P., Anak, P., Dini, U., Pedagogik, D., Pendidikan, F. I., & Indonesia, U. P. (2018). Upaya Guru Dalam Menanamkan Sifat Sabar Di RA Persis I Kota Bandung. EDUKIDS: Jurnal Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan, Dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 15(229), 95–102. Kertajaya, H. (2010). Grow With Character, The Model Marketing. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Lee, G. (2013). Programs: Korean Children’ s Experiences Re-emphasizing Character Education in Early Childhood Programs Korean Children’ s Experiences. Childhood Education, October 2014, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2013.830907 Listyarti, R. (2012). Pendidikan Karakter dalam Metode Aktif, Inovatif dan Kreatif. Erlangga. Luciano, M., & Visscher, P. M. (2012). Multivariate Genetic Analyses of Cognition and Academic Achievement from Two Population Samples of 174, 000. 699–710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-012-9549-7 Maas, A. J. B. M., Cock, E. S. A. De, Vreeswijk, C. M. J. M., Ad, J. J. M., Bakel, H. J. A. Van, Maas, A. J. B. M., Cock, E. S. A. De, & Vreeswijk, C. M. J. M. (2016). A longitudinal study on the maternal – fetal relationship and postnatal maternal sensitivity. 6838(April). https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2015.1112880 McDevitt, T. M., & Ormrod, J. E. (2015). Child Development and Education. Pearson Education. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=h7KgBwAAQBAJ Mei-ju, C., Chen-hsin, Y., & Pin-chen, H. (2014). The Beauty of Character Education on Preschool Children’ s Parent-Child Relationship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 527–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.431 Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (Third edition). SAGE Publications, Inc. Moleong, L. J. (2010). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya. Mulyadi, B. (2020). Early Childhood Character Education in Japan. 07063. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207063 Musi, M. A., Amal, A., & Hajerah, H. (2015). Pengasuhan Anak Usia Dini Perspektif Nilai Budaya Pada Keluarga Bajo Di Kabupaten Bone [Early Childhood Care Perspective of Cultural Values in Bajo Families in Bone Regency]. 18(1). https://doi.org/10.26858/ijes.v18i1.3601 Paul, S.-A. S., Hart, P., Augustin, L., Clarke, P. J., & Pike, M. (2020). Parents’ perspectives on home-based character education activities. Journal of Family Studies, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2020.1806097 Rosyada, A., & Retnomurti, A. B. (2016). The Use of Positive Language on Children Education to Build Children’ s Positive Behaviour. 01(01), 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/scope.v1i01.868 Semke, C. A., & Sheridan, S. M. (2011). Family-School Connections in Rural Educational Settings: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature. [superscript 2] Working Papers. Research in Rural Education. September, S. J., Rich, E. G., & Roman, N. V. (2016). The role of parenting styles and socio-economic status in parents’ knowledge of child development. Early Child Development and Care, 186(7), 1060–1078. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2015.1076399 Sriwilujeng, D. (2017). Panduan Implementasi Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter [Guidelines for the Implementation of Strengthening Character Education]. Esensi Penerbit Erlangga. Suardani, L., Pudjawan, K., & Tirtayani, L. A. (2016). Perbedaan Tingkat Kemandirian Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Dilihat Dari Status Pekerjaan Ibu Di Kelurahan Banyuning [Differences in the level of independence of children aged 5-6 years seen from the work status of mothers in Banyuning Village]. Journal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 4(2), 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/paud.v4i2.7765 Wang, Zhe; Deater-Deckard, K. (2013). Resilience in Gene-Environment Transactions. In Goldstein S., Brooks R. Handbook of Resilience in Children. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3661-4_4 Zong, X., Zhang, L., & Yao, M. (2017). Parental involvement and Chinese elementary students’ achievement goals: The moderating role of parenting style. Educational Studies, 5698(October), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2017.1373634

The achievement of family well - being is an aspiration of all families including families of migrant workers, to achieve the well - being of one of the ways that the families of migrant workers with the departure of the wife work as domestic servants in various countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze social capital, economic coping, sress symptom’s husband and family subjektive well - being of women migrant workers. This research use cross sectional studies. The location was chosen purposively in Tanggeung Village, Pagermaneuh Village, Margaluyu Village, Karangtengah Village, Tanggeung District and Pasirdalam Village Kadupandak District, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Seventy five families were selected purposively among the families of women migrant workers. The finding indicates that social capital is in the moderate category, the coping economy is in the moderate category, the sress symptom’s husband is in the low category and the family well-being is in the low category. Finding in this study family subjective well-being is influenced by income per capita, sress symptom’s husband and economic coping. Keywords: economic coping, family subjective well-being, social capital, stress symptom Abstrak Kesejahteraan keluarga merupakan sesuatu yang ingin dicapai seluruh keluarga, termasuk keluarga Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW), untuk mencapai kesejahteraan tersebut salah satu cara yang dilakukan oleh keluarga TKW adalah mengirim istri sebagai pembantu rumah tangga di berbagai negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis modal sosial, coping ekonomi, gejala stres suami, dan kesejahteraan subjektif keluarga TKW. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional studies. Lokasi dipilih dengan metode purposive di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Kabupaten Cianjur, Kecamatan Tanggeung, Desa Pagermaneuh, Desa Marguluyu, Desa Karangtengah, Desa Tanggeung, Kecamatan Kadupandak, Desa Pasirdalam. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 keluarga TKW dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menemukan modal sosial berada pada kategori sedang, coping ekonomi berada pada kategori sedang, gelaja stres suami berada pada kategori rendah, dan kesejahteraan subjektif berada pada kategori rendah. Penelitian ini juga menemukan kesejahteraan keluarga berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan perkapita, gelaja stres suami, dan coping ekonomi. Kata kunci : coping ekonomi, gejala stres, kesejahteraan subjektif, modal sosial. References [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2016. Data provinsi termiskin 2016. Berita Resmi Statistik [internet]. 4 Januari 2016. [diunduh 2016 September 7]; Tersedia pada: http://www.bps.go.id. [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Barat. 2016. Garis Kemiskinan Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Barat (Rp/kapita/bulan), 2005-2014. Berita Resmi Statistik [internet]. 4 Januari 2016, [diunduh 2016 September 7]; Tersedia pada: http://jabar.bps.go.id. Alfiasari. 2008. Analisis modal sosial dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi keluarga miskin di Kelurahan Kedung Jaya, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Kota Bogor. Vol. 1 no. 1 edisi Januari. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor. Borner, Shively J, Wunder G, Wyman S. 2012. How do rural households respond to economic shocks? Insights from hierarchical analysis using global data. International Association of Agricultural Economists. Casey L. 2013. Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey 2013. Australian Psychological Society Carbonell A F. 2005. Income and well-being: an empirical analysis of the comparison income effect. Journal of Public Economics: 89 (2005) 997 – 1019. Coleman J S. 1988. “Social capital in the creation of human capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (Supplement): S95-S120. Celia M, Lenore M. 2004. Somali Women and Well-Being: Social Networks and Social Capital among Immigrant Women in Australia. Human Organization. Vol. 63 :88 Djohan R. 2008. Leader & Social Capital : Lead to Togetherness. Jakarta: Fund Asia Education Debebe Z, Mebratie A, Sparrow R, Abebaw D, Dekker M, Alemu G, Bedi A. 2013. Coping with shocks in rural Ethiopia. Working Paper. African Studies Centre. Dercon S. 2000. Income risk, coping strategies and safety nets. Background paper World Development Report 2000/01: Centre for the Study of African Economies, Oxford University, Department of Economics Diener E, Tay L. 2013. Rising Income and the Subjective Well-Being of Nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology: Vol. 104, No. 2, 267–276 DOI: 10.1037/a0030487 Dwyer A, Cummings A. 2001. Stress, Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Coping Strategies in University Students. Canadian Journal of Counselling. Vol. 35:3 Ersado L, Alderman H, Alwang J. 2014. Changes in Consumption and Saving Behavior before and after Economic Shocks: Evidence from Zimbabwe. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/380136 Fujiwara F, Kawachi I. 2008. Social Capital and Health A Study of Adult Twins in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 35: 2 Garcia M, McDowell T. 2010. Mapping Social Capital: A Critical Contextual Approach For Working with Low-Status Families. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Vol. 36 No. 1: 96. 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2009.00188.x Grootaert C. 1999. Social capital, household walfare and poverty in Indonesia. Working Paper, No.6. Washington DC, USA: The World Bank. Social Development Department. Hasanah U, Nadiroh, Neolaka A. 2017. The Influence of Couple Interaction, Roles Differences, and Social-Economic Status on Mother’s Stress Coping. American Scientific Publisher. Vol. 23 10868 – 10870. Helliwell J F, Huang H, Wang S. 2013. Social Capital and Well-Being in Times of Crisis. Journal Happiness Study: DOI 10.1007/s10902-013-9441-z Headey B, Wooden Mark. 2004. The Effects of Wealth and Income on Subjective Well-Being and Ill-Being. Melbourne Institute of Applied and Social Research: IZA DP No. 1032. Hyyppa M. T, Maki J. (2003). Social participation and health in a community rich in stock of social capital. Health Education Research, 18(6), 770–779. Hossain S. 2006. Poverty, household strategies, and coping with urban life: examining livelihood framework in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology, Vol. 2, No. 1. Jain A K, Giga S I, Cooper C L. 2013. Stress, Health and Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Employee and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: doi:10.3390/ijerph10104907 Jaya, Sumertajaya I M, 2008, Pemodelan persamaan struktural dengan partial least square. Semnas Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika. Vol. 1 118 - 132 Jha R, Nahrajan H K, Pradhan K. 2012. Household Coping Strategies and Welfare: Does Governance Matter? NCAER Working Papers on Decentralisation and Rural Governance in India. Krantz. 2001. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach to Poverty Reduction. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency Kawachi I. 2006 Commentary: social capital and health: making the connections one step at a time. Int J Epidemiol. Vol. 35:989 –93. Lazarus, R S, Folkman, S, 1984. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer. Mohnen S, Beate V B, Flap H, Subramanian S, Groenewegen P. 2015. The Influence of Social Capital on Individual Health: Is it the Neighbourhood or the Network?. Soc Indic Res. Vol. 121:195–214 DOI 10.1007/s11205-014-0632-8 Markovic, M, Manderson, L. (2002). Crossing national boundaries: Social identity formation among recent immigrant women in Australia from former Yugoslavia. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2, 303-316. Puspitawati H. 2012. Gender dan Keluarga. Bogor (ID): IPB Press. ____________. 2013. Ekologi Keluarga: Konsep dan Lingkungan. Bogor (ID): IPB Press. ____________. 2013. Pengantar Studi Keluarga. Bogor (ID): IPB Press. Puspitawati H, Herawati T. 2013. Metode Penelitian Keluarga. Bogor (ID): IPB Press. Rebecca P, Crnic K A, Cox M J, Mills W R. 2013. The Family Model Stress and Maternal Psychological Symptoms: Mediated Pathways From Economic Hardship to Parenting. Journal of Family Psychology: DOI: 10.1037/a0031112 Rosidah U, Hartoyo, Istiqlaliyah. 2012. Kajian strategi koping dan perilaku investasi anak pada keluarga buruh pemetik melati gambir. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, Vol. 5, No. 1. Stevenson B, Wolfers J. 2013. Subjective Well-Being and Income: Is There Any Evidence of Satiation? American Economic Review. 103(3): 598–604 http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.598 Welsh J A, Berry H L. 2009. Social capital and mental health and well-being. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University Wills E, Orozco L, Forero C, Pardo O, Andonova V. 2011. The relationship between perceptions of insecurity, social capital and subjective well-being: Empirical evidences from areas of rural conflict in Colombia. The Journal of Socio-Economics. Vol. 40 88–96 Yip W, Subramanian S. V, Mitchell A D, Lee D, Wang J, Kawachi I. 2007. Does social capital enhance health and well-being? Evidence from rural China. Journal Social Science & Medicine: 35 – 49

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable vision loss in the in the U. S., and DR screening is essential to prevent blindness. Yet minority populations have consistently lower DR screening rates than Non-Hispanic Whites and knowledge about barriers versus facilitators for completion of DR screening in these groups remains scant. Improvement in DR Screening rates in safety net populations has been observed after placing digital retinal cameras in primary care sites to capture images where patients get their basic health care. In this study, we therefore assessed DR screening in patients at time of hospitalization as a possible additional site to capture unscreened patients with diabetes. We identified patient with diabetes admitted for any reason to a safety net hospital to evaluate perceived barriers to DR screening. We performed an anonymous survey in English or Spanish in 156 hospitalized adult patients with diabetes during hospital stays between 10/2019-12/2021, using a convenience sample. Barriers specified in the survey were derived from the literature. The study population had a mean [+SD] age of 50+10.5 years, were predominantly male [72.4%], of low-income [83.7% &lt;$25,000/year] and minority groups [Latinos 79.5% and African American [10.3%]. Diabetes duration was &gt;5years in 63.6% of patients. Reported DR screening rate in the 12 months prior to admission was only 31.4%, despite 97% of patients confirming they were aware that diabetes causes impaired vision and blindness. The main perceived barriers to DR screening identified in the survey were financial [50%], transportation [22%] and depression [17%]. There were no significant differences in the number or nature of perceived barriers in those who reported DR screening vs. those who did not. Surprisingly, the pandemic appeared to have little impact on DR screening rates. Comparison of patients surveyed before (n=96; 10/2019-03/20) and after COVID lockdown (n=60; 08/2020-12/2021), did not show any significant differences in patient demographics, number or nature of perceived barriers, or DR screening rates (32% vs 30%). However, DR screening among patients without a Primary Care Provider (PCP) was considerably lower compared to patients with a PCP, 10% vs 49% (p&lt;0. 001). In summary, this study reveals low prior outpatient DR screening rates in hospitalized patients with diabetes in low-income minorities in a safety-net hospital, and identifies potential remediable barriers associated with this. The results suggest that cost and transport barriers could be addressed by implementation of DR screening during hospitalization in safety net hospitals. These results also emphasize the significance of a having a PCP. We conclude that inpatient DR screening and facilitating PCP-patient connections might lead to improvement in DR screening rates and thus prevent blindness in this segment of the diabetes population. Presentation: No date and time listed

LIETÙVIŠKAS KALBOMÕKSLIS. BALTIKO PADANGESE (1897) BY KAZIMIERAS JAUNIUS – THE SOURCE OF LIETUVIŠKOS KALBOS GRAMATIKA (1901) BY JONAS JABLONSKIS S u m m a r y The main source of Jonas Jablonskis’ Lietuviškos kalbos gramatika (Grammar of the Lithuanianlanguage, Tilsit, 1901 [JaG]), signed under the pseudonym of Petras Kriaušaitis, is PetrasAvižonis’ Liėtùviška Gramatiklė (Small Lithuanian Grammar, [Petersburg, 1898] [AvG]). However, Jablonskis significantly supplemented AvG by adding the chapters on preposition, conjunction, interjection, syntax and orthography. He also separated the descriptions of noun and adjective, added chapters on phonetics, pronoun, numeral, verb, used Lithuanian language terms. Jablonskis did not indicate other sources in JaG, fragments of the text taken from other works are not identified as such. However, later Jablonskis wrote that he also used Kazimieras Jaunius’ Lietùviškas kalbomõkslis. Baltiko padangese (Lithuanian Grammar. In the Baltic Skies, [Dorpat,] 1897 [JaunK]). The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between these two grammars. Some of the material for JaG was undoubtedly taken over directly from JaunK, for it was not present in AvG or other grammars that Jablonskis could have used. However, Avižonis also used JaunK, so some fragments entered JaG through AvG, rather than directly from JaunK. Since Jablonskis took over AvG almost in its entirety, there is no doubt such fragments of JaunK had previously been incorporated in AvG only to later appear in JaG. All the more so as JaunK’s statements and examples are equally reformulated, supplemented or abbreviated in AvG and JaG. The article analyses only the material that was taken over to JaG directly from JaunK and that was not present in AvG. It is much more difficult to identify the source of the fragments which are found in both JaunK and Friedrich Kurschat’ Grammatik der Littauischen Sprache (Grammar of the Lithuanian language, Halle, 1876 [KG]). It is not always clear whether Jablonskis took it directly from KG or through JaunK. In such cases, the immediate context is considered. When not only the idea of KG but also more material, adjacent sentences, are taken over from the same section of JaunK, the path of the fragment is considered to be KG → JaunK → JaG. The connection between JaunK and JaG is also evidenced by the uniform wording of sentences. In his grammar, Jablonskis stated that he supported character <tš> [č], proposed by Jaunius, as well as orthography of nom. pl. of i, u stems with endings ‑įs, ‑ųs. JaunK could also have influenced the spelling of the numerals trįs ‘three’, keturiasdešimtas–devyniasdešimtas ‘fortieth—ninetieth’. Jablonskis used Jaunius’ terms būdvardis ‘adjective’, veiksmažodis ‘verb’, prieveiksmis ‘adverb’,jausmažodis ‘interjection’; linksnis ‘case’, linksniavimas ‘declination’, dvilypuotieji būdvardžiai ‘pronominal adjectives’, tikrieji ‘quantitative’ and paeiliniai ‘ordinal’ (numerals), sakomasis būdas ‘mood’, savyveiksmis ‘reflexive verb, form’, nestati, nestačioji kalba ‘indirect speech’. Fragments of JaunK about the concept and types of sounds have been taken over to the JaG. JaG material on consonant assimilation also has connection with JaunK. Jablonskis also used JaunK while preparing the chapter of morphology. There are connections in the definition of adjective, the description of category of number of nouns, pronominal adjectives and gradation of adjectives. There are also identical statements about the declension of numerals and their semantic groups in JaunK and JaG. According to JaunK, the definition of the pronoun was formulated in JaG. Jablonskis also used JaunK to describe verbs, adverbs, and interjection. In the chapter of the syntax, the influence of JaunK can be seen in the description of the use of participants. Jablonskis used the linguistic material, examples of JaunK. Jablonskis used the data of dialects, mostly Samogitians, provided by JaunK. Comments on the grades of adjectives, variants of pronouns, forms of future tense, use of adverbs, as well as lexical variants are related to JaunK. In summary, the direct influence of JaunK can be registered in slightly less than a quarter (48 out of 224) of JaG’s paragraphs.

RESUMENEl objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en sacar a la luz elementos que permitan confirmar un sincretismo cristiano-judío inconsciente, no voluntario, en las creencias y prácticas religiosas de los judeoconversos castellanos en el momento de tránsito de la Edad Media a la Moderna. El trabajo se sustenta en la consulta y análisis de numerosos procesos inquisitoriales incoados a judeoconversos castellanos a fines del siglo XV y comienzos del XVI, así como en otra diversa documentación inquisitorial. A través de las fuentes estudiadas es posible detectar rasgos que evidencian una progresiva confusión entre creencias, expresiones y manifestaciones religiosas cristianas y judías, como expresión más patente de que las transferencias religiosas y la aculturación era una realidad a la que en ese tiempo estaban sujetos los conversos, incluso quienes, como los criptojudíos, se aferraban al judaísmo y manifestaban un firme convencimiento en la superioridad de la religión judía sobre la cristiana. La conclusión principal es que esta situación era el reflejo de una realidad en la que, rotas las conexiones con el judaísmo oficial, la “religión” de los criptojudíosse diluía paulatina y progresivamente en el seno del cristianismo.PALABRAS CLAVE: Judeoconversos, Castilla, fines del siglo XV y comienzos del XVI,sincretismo religioso, procesos inquisitoriales.ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study is to identify certain elements that may confirm an unconscious Christian-Jewish syncretism in the religious beliefs and practices of Castilian Conversos in the transition from the Medieval to the Modern Age. The research is based on consultation and analysis of numerous inquisitorial trials of Castilian Conversos at the end Inquisitorial records. The selected sources allow us to discern certain traits that point to a progressive confusion between Christian and Jewish religious beliefs, expressions and manifestations. This is a clear indication that religious transfer and acculturation constituted a reality to which Conversos were exposed. This was the case even among those who, like Crypto-Jews, clung on to Judaism and expressed a firm conviction of the superiority of the Jewish over the Christian religion. The main conclusion is that, once the connections with official Judaism were broken, the religion of the Crypto-Jews slowly but progressively dissolved into the mainstream of Christianity.KEY WORDS: Conversos, Castile, End of the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries, Religious Syncretism, Inquisitorial Trials. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAusejo, S., Diccionario de la Biblia, Barcelona, Editorial Herder, 1964.Baer, F., Die Juden im Christlichen Spanien. I/2. Kastilien/Inquisitionakten, Berlín, 1936.Beinart, H., Records of the Trials of the Spanish Inquisition in Ciudad Real, Jerusalem, The Israel National Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1974-1985, 4 vols.Beinart, H., “A Prophesyng Movement in Cordova in 1499-1502” (en hebreo), en I.F.Baer Memorial Volume, Zion, 44 (1979), pp. 190-200.Beinart, H., “Tenu’at ha-nebi ah Inés be-Puebla de Alcocer u-be Talarrubias we-anusehen sel ayyarot elleh”, en Tarbiz, 51 (1982), pp. 633-658.Beinart, H., Los conversos ante el tribunal de la Inquisición, Barcelona, Riopiedras Ediciones, 1983.Beinart, H., “Conversos of Chillón and Siruela and the Prophecies of Mari Gómez and Inés, the Daughter of Juan Esteban” (en hebreo), en Zion, 48 (1983), pp. 241-272.Beinart, H., “Anuse Alia (Halia) u-tenu’atah sel ha-nebi’ah Inés” (= “Los judeoconversos de Alía y el movimiento de la profetisa Inés”), en Zion, 53/I (1988), pp. 13-52.Bover, J. Mª, S. I., y Cantera Burgos, F., Sagrada Biblia. Versión crítica sobre los textos hebreo y griego, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1961 (6ª ed.).Carrete Parrondo, C., Fontes Iudaeorum Regni Castellae. II. El Tribunal de la Inquisición en el Obispado de Soria (1486-1502), Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca-Universidad de Granada, 1985.Carrete Parrondo, C., Fontes iudaeorum Regni Castellae. III. Proceso inquisitorial contra los Arias Dávila segovianos: un enfrentamiento social entre judíos y conversos, Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca-Universidad de Granada, 1986.Carrete Parrondo, C. y Fraile Conde, C., Fontes Iudaeorum Regni Castellae. IV. Los judeoconversos de Almazán. 1501-1505. Origen familiar de los Laínez, Salamanca, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca-Universidad de Granada, 1987.Christian, W. A., Jr., Apariciones en Castilla y Cataluña (siglos XIV-XVI), Madrid, Nerea, 1990.Edwards, J., “Elijah and the Inquisition: Messianic Profhecy among Conversos in Spain, C. 1500”, en Nottingham Medieval Studies, 28 (Nottingham University, 1984), pp. 79-94.Garrido Bonaño, M., O.S.B., Curso de Liturgia Romana, Madrid, Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1961.Gitlitz, D. M., Secreto y engaño. La religión de los criptojudíos, Salamanca, Junta de Castilla y León, 2003.Gracia Boix, R., Colección de documentos para la historia de la Inquisición de Córdoba, Córdoba, Publicaciones del Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba, 1982.Le Goff, J., La naissance du Purgatoire, Paris, Gallimard, 1981.Maier, J. y Schäfer, P., Diccionario del judaísmo, Estella, Editorial Verbo Divino, 1996.Rábade Obradó, M. P., “Expresiones de la religiosidad cristiana en los procesos contra los judaizantes del tribunal de Ciudad Real/Toledo, 1483-1507”, En la España Medieval, 13 (1990), pp. 303-330.Rábade Obradó, M. P., “Religiosidad y práctica religiosa entre los conversos castellanos (1483-1507)”, Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, tomo CXCIV, Cuaderno I (Enero-Abril, 1997), pp. 83-141.Rábade Obradó, M. P., “La instrucción cristiana de los conversos en la Castilla del siglo XV”, En la España Medieval, 22 (1999), pp. 369-393.Rábade Obradó, M. P., “Herejía y utopía en la Castilla de los Reyes Católicos. Los conversos y la esperanza mesiánica”, en Contreras Contreras, J., Alvar Ezquerra, J. yRábade Obradó, M. P., “Dos voces femeninas en la Castilla del siglo XV: sueños y visiones de los criptojudíos”, en Alvira Cabrer, M. y Díaz Ibáñez, J., Medievo utópico: sueños, ideales y utopías en el mundo imaginario medieval, Madrid, Sílex ediciones, 2011, pp. 53-66.Ruiz Rodríguez, J. I. (coords.), Política y cultura en la época Moderna. (Cambios dinásticos, milenarismos, mesianismos y utopías), Universidad de Alcalá, 2004, pp. 535-544.Scholem. G., The Messianic Idea in Judaism, New York, Schockem, 1971.Trebolle Barrera, J., “Apocalipticismo y mesianismo en el mundo judío”, en Mangas, J. y Montero, S., (Coords.), El Milenarismo. La percepción del tiempo en las culturas antiguas, Madrid, Editorial Complutense, 2001.

Covid-19 has changed the learning process from class attendance to distance learning using the Internet. Early childhood education is threatened to enter into the lost generation, due to distance learning, which causes confusion for teachers and parents to be able to provide the best stimulation for them. Therefore, the Indonesian government made a new policy on online learning. The objectives of this research are to find how effective at online learning policy formulation, how productive it is in policy implementation, and what are the obstacles of the implementation at Early-Childhood Education (ECE). This qualitative research uses a mixed method approach with an iterative analysis design, conducted in Central Java Province in 35 districts / cities with 1,899 respondents. Data collection techniques with open-closed questionnaires, study from 15 documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis uses quantitative-qualitative software Nvivo12+, with Miles and Huberman models. The results showed the policy formulation of online learning at ECE has been effective. However, the implementation of online learning policy at ECE still takes a lot of effort to become more powerful in preventing a decline in learning. There are five obstacles in in applying this in the field, namely the ability of teachers, the ability of parents, economic capability, facility constraints, and pedagogical constraints. Keywords: Online Learning Policy; Children Engagement; Learning Management System References Allen, I. E., Seaman, J. (2013). Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. ERIC, ISBN 0984028838. Asilestari, P. (2016). Komputer Interaktif sebagai Media Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2, n. 1, p. 55-62. Association, I. I. S. P. (2018). Penetrasi & Profil Perialku Pengguna Internet Indonesia. Coates, H. (2006). Student engagement in campus-based and online education: University connections. Routledge, ISBN 1134161530. Ha, Young. & Im, Hyunjoo. (2020). The Role of an Interactive Visual Learning Tool and its Personalizability in Online Learning: Flow Experience. Online Learning, 24, n. 1. Harjanto, T. & Sumunar, D. S. E. W. (2018). Tantangan Dan Peluang Pembelajaran Dalam Jaringan: Studi Kasus Implementas Elok (E-Learning: Open For Knowledge Sharing) Pada Mahasiswa Profesi Ners. Jurnal Keperawatan Respati Yogyakarta, 5, p. 24-28. Imron, A. (1995). Kebijaksanaan pendidikan di Indonesia: Proses, produk dan masa depannya. Bumi Aksara, ISBN 9795262319. Inoue, Y. (2007). Online education for lifelong learning. IGI Global, ISBN 1599043211. Irma, C. N., Nisa, K. & Sururiyah, S. K. (2019). Keterlibatan Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di TK Masyithoh 1 Purworejo. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3, n. 1, p. 214-224. Jebba, A. M. & Umaru, N. N. (2019). The role of social media in reshaping the academic activities of vocational and technical education lecturers in Nigeria. Int. J. Eval. & Res. Educ. Vol, 8, n. 4, p. 735-741. Johnson, K. & Manning, S. (2010). Online education for dummies. Canada: John Wiley & Sons Publishing ISBN 0470536209. Juwah, C. (2006). Interactions in online education: Implications for theory and practice. Routledge, ISBN 1134247494. Kemendikbud. (2020). Surat Edaran Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Pendidikan Dalam Masa Darurat Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19). Kong, S. C., Chan, T.-W., Griffin, P. & Hoppe, U. et al. (2014). E-learning in school education in the coming 10 years for developing 21st century skills: Critical research issues and policy implications. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17, n. 1, p. 70-78. Kwon, J. B., Debruler, K. & Kennedy, K. (2019). A Snapshot of Successful K-12 Online Learning: Focused on the 2015-16 Academic Year in Michigan. Journal of Online Learning Research, 5, n. 2, p. 199-225. Layne, M., Boston, W. E. & Ice, P. (2013). A longitudinal study of online learners: Shoppers, swirlers, stoppers, and succeeders as a function of demographic characteristics. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 16, n. 2, p. 1-12. Lynch, M. M. (2002). The online educator: A guide to creating the virtual classroom. Routledge, ISBN 1134542542. Novianti, R. & Garzia, M. (2020). Penggunaan Gadget Pada Anak; Tantangan Baru Orang Tua Milenial. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2. Nugroho, R. (2008). Kebijakan Pendidikan: Pengantar untuk Memahami Kebijakan Pendidikan Sebagai Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Nugroho, R. (2017). Public Policy: Dinamika Kebijakan, Analisis Kebijakan, dan Manajemen Politik Kebijakan Publik. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. Palloff, R. M. & Pratt, K. (2002). Lessons from the cyberspace classroom: The realities of online teaching. California: John Wiley & Sons Publishing, ISBN 0787959960. Pangondian, R. A., Santosa, P. I. & Nugroho, E. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesuksesan Pembelajaran Daring Dalam Revolusi Industri 4.0. Panjaitan, N. Q.; Yetti, E. & Nurani, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Digital Animasi dan Kepercayaan Diri terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Anak. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 588-596. Pebriana, P. H. (2017). Analisis penggunaan gadget terhadap kemampuan interaksi sosial pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 1, n. 1, p. 1-11. Pertiwi, W. K. (2020). Penetrasi Internet di Indonesia Capai 64 Persen. https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2020/02/20/14090017/penetrasi-internet-di-indonesia-capai-64-persen. Ramadhan, B. (2020). Ini Data Pengguna Internet Di Seluruh Dunia Tahun 2020. Jakarta https://teknoia.com/data-pengguna-internet-dunia-ac03abc7476. Roach, V. & Lemasters, L. (2006). Satisfaction with online learning: A comparative descriptive study. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 5, n. 3, p. 317-332. Rohita, R. (2020). The Ability of Ece Teachers to Use ICT in The Industrial Revolution 4.0. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 502-511. Rostaminezhad, M., Mozayani, N., Norozi, D. & Iziy, M. (2013). Factors related to e-learner dropout: Case study of IUST elearning center. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 83, p. 522-527. Sari, K. M. & Setiawan, H. (2020). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Melaksanakan Penilaian Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2, p. 900-912. Seok, S. & Dacosta, B. (2020). Relationships Between Young South Koreans’ Online Activities and Their Risk of Exploitation. Journal of Online Learning Research, 6, n. 1, p. 77-101. Setyaji, A., Iskak, A., Sukmaningrum, R. & Hawa, F. (2015). Komputer Interaktif Sebagai Media Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Pada Anak Usia Dini. E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 6, n. 1, p. 1-12. Sharoff, L. (2019). Creative and Innovative Online Teaching Strategies: Facilitation for Active Participation. Journal of Educators Online, 16, n. 2, p. n2. Suhartanto, H. (2010). Survei 2009: Mutu Situs E-Learning Sekolah Indonesia Masih Sangat Minim. Jurnal Sistem Informasi,6, n. 1, p. 80-83. Sum, T. A. & Taran, E. G. M. (2020). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru PAUD dalam Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4, n. 2. Swan, K. (2003). Learning effectiveness online: What the research tells us. p.13-47. Taufik, A., Apendi, T., Saidi, S. & Istiarsono, Z. (2019). Parental Perspectives on the Excellence of Computer Learning Media in Early Childhood Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 13, n. 2, p. 356-370. Tilaar, H.; Nugroho, R. (2009). Kebijakan Pendidikan: Pengantar untuk Memahami Kebijakan Pendidikan dan Kebijakan Pendidikan sebagai Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Ulya, S. I. (2019). Analisis Penggunaan Gedget Terhadap Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial Dan Komunikasi Pada Anak Usia Dini. 89-96. Vonderwell, S. & Zachariah, S. (2005). Factors that influence participation in online learning. Journal of Research on Technology in education, 38, n. 2, p. 213-230. Wang, Q., Zhu, Z., Chen, L. & Yan, H. (2009). E‐learning in China. Campus-Wide Information Systems. Winter, J., Cotton, D., Gavin, J. & Yorke, J. D. (2010). Effective e-learning? Multi-tasking, distractions and boundary management by graduate students in an online environment. ALT-J, 18, n. 1, p. 71-83. Yu, E. (2020). Student-Inspired Optimal Design of Online Learning for Generation Z. Journal of Educators Online, 17, n. 1, p. n1. Zaini, M. & Soenarto, S. (2019). Persepsi Orangtua terhadap Hadirnya Era Teknologi Digital di Kalangan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3, n. 1, p. 254-264.

ABSTRACT This study aims to explain and analyze the effect of product market competition, financial leverage, and risk of financing on the stability of Islamic banks in Indonesia in 2018-2022. The sampling technique used is Islamic banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Source of data obtained from the annual report of each bank. The analytical method used is panel regression analysis with Eviews 10 software with the Common Effect Model (CEM) model as the best model. The variables used consist of product market competition (PCM), financial leverage (DER proxy), and financing risk (NPF proxy) on banking stability (proximate Natural Logarithm Z-Score). The results of this study found that product market competition did not affect bank stability. Meanwhile, financial leverage and financing risk have a negative effect on the stability of Islamic banks in Indonesia. From the results of this study, it is hoped that competition for Islamic banks in Indonesia can always run normally as it is today. In addition, the financial leverage and financing risks of Islamic banks have a negative impact on banking stability. Therefore, this research can be used as an early warning and reference for Islamic banks to make funding decisions through debt capital and excessive financing. keywords: Banking stability, product market competition, financial leverage, financing risk ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh persaingan pasar produk, financial leverage, dan risk of financing terhadap stabilitas bank syariah di Indonesia pada 2018-2022. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan bank syariah yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sumber data diperoleh dari laporan tahunan masing masing bank. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi panel dengan software Eviews 10 dengan model Common Effect Model (CEM) sebagai model terbaik .Variabel yang digunakan terdiri dari persaingan pasar produk (PCM), financial leverage (proksi DER) dan resiko pembiayaan (proksi NPF) terhadap stabilitas perbankan (doproksikan Natural Logarithm Z-Score. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa persaingan pasar produk tidak berpengaruh terhadap stabilitas bank. Sementara financial leverage dan resiko pembiayaan berpengaruh negative terhadap stabilitas bank syariah di Indonesia. Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan persaingan bank syariah di Indonesia dapat selalu berjalan berjalan normal seperti saat ini. Selain itu, financial leverage dan resiko pembiayaan bank syariah berdampak buruk pada stabilitas perbankan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dapat dijadikan early warning dan acuan bagi bank syariah untuk mengambil keputusan pendanaan melalui modal hutang dan pembiayaan yang berlebihan. Kata Kunci: Stabilitas perbankan, product market competition, financial leverage, resiko pembiayaan REFERENCES Aiyubbi, D. El, Widarjono, A., & Amir, N. (2022). Dampak diversifikasi pembiayaan sektoral terhadap non-performing financing Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan, 9(2), 140–155. doi:10.20473/vol9iss20222pp140-155 Ali, M., & Puah, C. H. (2018). Does Bank Size and Funding Risk Effect Banks’ Stability? A Lesson from Pakistan. Global Business Review, 19(5), 1166–1186. doi:10.1177/0972150918788745 Ardyanfitri, H., Pratikto, M. I. S., & Faizah, E. A. K. (2019). Analisis kesehatan bank dan potensi financial distress menggunakan metode rgec pada bank Btpn Syariah tahun 2014-2018. Jurnal MEBIS (Manajemen dan Bisnis), 4(2), 131–141. doi:10.33005/mebis.v4i2.63 BI, LPS, & OJK. (2018). Monograf riset stabilitas sistem keuangan 2018. 1–63. Retrieved from https://www.lps.go.id/riset/-/asset_publisher/LhOwRpOjB8hD/content/monograf-riset-stabilitas-sistem-keuangan-2018?inheritRedirect=false Brahmbhatt, M., & Canuto, O. (2012). Fiscal policy for growth and development. Is fiscal policy the answer?, 1–22. doi:10.1596/9780821396308_overview Carlson, M., Correia, S., & Luck, S. (2022). The effects of banking competition on growth and financial stability: Evidence from the National Banking Era. Journal of Political Economy, 130(2), 462–520. doi:10.1086/717453 Cetorelli, N. (2004). Real effects of bank competition. Journal of Money , Credit and Banking, 36(3), 543–558. Dewi, N. L. P. A., Endiana, I. D. M., & Arizona, I. P. E. (2019). Pengaruh rasio likuiditas, rasio leverage dan rasio profitabilitas terhadap financial distress pada perusahaan manufaktur. Kharisma: Kumpulan Hasil Riset Mahasiswa Akuntansi, 1(1), 322–333. Dutta, K. D., & Saha, M. (2021). Do competition and efficiency lead to bank stability? Evidence from Bangladesh. Future Business Journal, 7(6). doi:10.1186/s43093-020-00047-4 Farooq, M., Hunjra, A. I., Ullah, S., & Al-Faryan, M. A. S. (2023). The determinants of financial distress cost: A case of emerging market. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1). doi:10.1080/23322039.2023.2186038 Fatoni, A., & Sidiq, S. (2019). Analisis perbandingan stabilitas sistem perbankan syariah dan konvensional di Indonesia. Ekspansi: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan, Perbankan Dan Akuntansi, 11(2), 179–198. doi:10.35313/ekspansi.v11i2.1350 Goetz, M. R. (2018). Competition and bank stability. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 35, 57–69. doi:10.1016/j.jfi.2017.06.001 Harjito, D. A. (2011). Teori pecking order dan trade-off dalam analisis struktur modal di bursa efek Indonesia. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 15(2), 187–196. Heniwati, E., & Essen, E. (2020). Which retail firm characteristics impact on financial distress? Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 22(1), 40–46. doi:/10.9744/jak.22.1.30-36 Hilyatin, D. L. (2017). Analisis prediksi potensi kebangkrutan pada PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia TBK periode 2012-2016 dengan menggunakan metode altman modifikasi. El-Jizya : Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 5(2), 287–324. doi:10.24090/ej.v5i2.1884 IDX. (2023). Buntut runtuhnya perbankan global, negara ASEAN gelar rapat AFMGM 2023. Retrieved from https://www.idxchannel.com/banking/buntut-runtuhnya-perbankan-global-negara-asean-gelar-rapat-afmgm-2023 Jensen, C. M., & Meckling H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. doi:10.1177/0018726718812602 Kanoujiya, J., Rastogi, S., & Bhimavarapu, V. M. (2022). Competition and distress in banks in India: An application of panel data. Cogent Economics and Finance, 10(1), 1-20. doi:10.1080/23322039.2022.2122177 Kurnia, R. A. E., Sawarjuwono, T., & Herianingrum, S. (2017). Manajemen risiko pembiayaan untuk mengantisipasi kondisi financial distress pada bank syariah. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 3(2), 51–64. Kwashie, A. A., Baidoo, S. T., & Ayesu, E. K. (2022). Investigating the impact of credit risk on financial performance of commercial banks in Ghana. Cogent Economics and Finance, 10(1), 1-15. doi:10.1080/23322039.2022.2109281 Latif, E. F., & Triyanto, D. N. (2018). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemungkinan terjadinya financial distress (Studi pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2012-2016). Kajian Akuntansi, 19(2), 137–144. Li, S., & Li, X. (2022). Bank competition, regulation, and efficiency: evidence from the Asia-Pacific region. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics, 29(3), 715–742. doi:10.1080/16081625.2020.1787854 Lin, Y., Liu, Y., & Chan, K. C. (2021). Political connections and product market competition: Effects and channels. International Review of Economics and Finance, 76, 801–816. doi:10.1016/j.iref.2021.07.009 Malakauskas, A., & Lakstutiene, A. (2021). Financial distress prediction for small and medium enterprises using machine learning techniques. Engineering Economics, 32(1), 4–14. doi:10.5755/j01.ee.32.1.27382 Malik, A., Din, S. U., Shafi, K., Butt, B. Z., & Aziz, H. (2019). Earning management and the Likelihood of financial distress in banks. Public Finance Quarterly, 64(2), 208–221. Masruron, M., & Safitri, N. A. A. S. (2021). Analisis perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia di masa pandemi Covid-19. Al Birru: Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan Syariah, 1(1), 1–20. Mennawi, A. N. A. (2020). The impact of liquidity, credit, and financial leverage risks on financial performance of Islamic banks: A case of sudanese banking sector. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 8(2), 73–83. doi:10.33094/8.2017.2020.82.73.83 Mennawi, A. N. A., & Ahmed, A. A. (2020). The determinants of liquidity risk in Islamic banks: A case of sudanese banking sector. International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research, 4(1), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijibfr.v4i1.542 Mettana, J., Anom, P., & Silvia, B. (2021). Pengaruh good corporate governance leverage dan firm size terhadap financial distress pada sektor perdagangan, jasa dan investasi. Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 9(2). Miah, M. D., & Uddin, H. (2017). Efficiency and stability: A comparative study between Islamic and conventional banks in GCC countries. Future Business Journal, 3(2), 172–185. doi:10.1016/j.fbj.2017.11.001 Modigliani, F., & Miller, H. M. (1963). Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital : A correction. The American Economic Review, 53(3), 433–443. Munir, K., & Riaz, N. (2019). Fiscal policy and macroecomonic stability in South Asian Countries. Hacienda Publica Espanola (Review of Public Economics, 228(1), 13–33. doi:10.7866/HPE-RPE.19.1.1 Nadia, S., Ibrahim, A., & Jalilah, J. (2019). Analisis hambatan pertumbuhan perbankan syariah di Indonesia (Kajian terhadap perbankan Syariah di Aceh). JIHBIZ :Global Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance., 1(2), 153-16. doi:10.22373/jihbiz.v1i2.8575 Rachman, A., Mandiri, D. P., Astuti, W., & Arkoyah, S. (2022). Tantangan perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Jurnal Tabarru’: Islamic Banking and Finance, 5(2), 352-365. Saputri, L. (2019). Accounting analysis journal the effect of leverage, liquidity and profitability on financial distress with the effectiveness of the audit committee as a moderating variable. Accounting Analysis Journal, 8(1), 38–44. doi:10.15294/aaj.v8i1.25887 Sari, D., & Indrarini, R. (2020). Pengaruh rasio keuangan terhadap resiko financial distress perbankan syariah di Indonesia dengan pendekatan bankometer. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 6(3), 557-570. doi:10.29040/jiei.v6i3.1191 Sari, N. N., & Sudarman, B. N. (2023). The determinants of bank stability : An empirical investigation in Southeast Asia. Jurnal Ekonomi Syari'ah Teori dan Terapan, 10(2), 109–122. doi:10.20473/vol10iss20232pp109-122 Schaeck, K., & Cih, M. (2014). Competition, efficiency, and stability in banking. Financial Management, 43(1), 215–241. Schmidt, K. M. (1997). Managerial incentives and product market competition. The Review of Economic Studies, 64(2), 191–213. Sholahuddin, M. (2004). Risiko pembiayaan dalam perbankan Syariah. Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(2), 130–138. Syafii, I., & Siregar, S. (2020). Manajemen Risiko Perbankan Syariah. Proceceeding of Seminar Nasional Teknologi Komputer & Sains (SAINTEKS), Medan: 1 Februari 2020. Hal 662–665. Syatiri, A., & Hamdaini, Y. (2017). Risiko kredit, stabilitas, dan kebijakan pembiayaan. JMBS: Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Sriwijaya, 15(3), 146–155. doi:10.29259/jmbs.v15i3.5715 Umdiana, N., & Claudia, H. (2020). Analisis struktur modal berdasarkan trade off theory. Jurnal Universitas Serang Raya, 7(1), 52–70. doi:10.30656/jak.v7i1.1930 Usanti, T. P (2019). Pengelolaan risiko pembiayaan di bank Syariah. ADIL: Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 408-428. doi:10.33476/ajl.v3i2.817 Utami, D. R., & Utami, T. (2021). Pengaruh pembiayaan bagi hasil dan tingkat kesehatan bank terhadap kinerja keuangan dengan pembiayaan bermasalah sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 10(2), 188–200. doi:10.21831/nominal.v10i2.30282 Widyastuti, R. S., & Armanto, B. (2013). Kompetisi industri perbankan Indonesia. BMEB: Bulletin of Monitery Economics and Banking, 15(4), 402–434. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v15i4.74 Yanuardi, R., & Usman, B. (2022). Pengaruh product market competition dan financial performance terhadap financial distress pada perusahaan manufaktur. IJD: International Journal of Demos, 4(1), 98–108. doi:10.37950/ijd.v4i1.190 Yudaruddin, R., soedarmono, wahyoe, Nugroho, B. A., Fitrian, Z., Mardiany, M., Purnomo, A. H., & Santi, E. N. (2023). Financial technology and bank stability in an emerging market economy. Heliyon, 9(5), 1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16183

Objective. The objective of the article is to identify and compare the features of non-verbal elements in English and Ukrainian communication. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained applying a set of general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature on the problems of non-verbal communication; theoretical generalisation and specification; comparative method and methods of linguistic research. Results. Non-verbal communication plays a significant role in the process of communication. It can be intentional or unintentional, is primary, always carried out with the help of sensory systems, such as hearing, sight; non-verbal communication is ambiguous and difficult to break down into separate components due to the use of various non-verbal elements: body movements or facial expressions. Non-verbal communication performs various functions: negation, regulation (control), emphasis, substitution and supplementation. Non-verbal communication includes kinesics, proxemics, oculomics, paralinguistics, haptics, chronemics, head movements and postures, and personal presentation. A comparative analysis of the non-verbal elements of English and Ukrainian shows that English communication is more restrained and conservative in terms of facial expressions, while Ukrainian is more expressive and emotional. The British prefer their own space, so they show restraint when communicating, while Ukrainians are used to getting quite close to the interlocutor. The British are also quite reserved when it comes to eye contact, while for Ukrainians it is quite important to understand certain emotions and moods. In paralinguistics, it is determined that people in Britain are used to speaking quite calmly, almost without emotion, while in Ukraine they speak loudly, very emotionally. In terms of chronemics, people in the UK are organised, very punctual and focused in their use of time, while Ukrainians are less focused on accuracy, so they may not take it as seriously. In terms of head movements and postures, it is found that the British often hold their heads straight because they are careful and polite in their expressions, while people in Ukraine can move their heads quite expressively. British postures are refined and relaxed. People in the UK prefer natural, more conservative clothing, so comfort is the main thing for them. In Ukraine, people spend a lot of time trying to dress well or present themselves in the best possible way. Thus, understanding the nonverbal means of English and Ukrainian is a very important, relevant element to study and improve the cultural communication skills of people from different cultures, and nonverbal communication in general can improve a person's ability to communicate, engage and establish significant interactions in everyday life. References Babii, A. (2021). Neverbalni komponenty spilkuvannia yak zasoby vyrazhennia emotsii ta vyvchennia neverbaliky u ZZSO (na materiali tvoriv M. Kotsiubynskoho): dyplomna robota [Non- verbal components of communication as a means of expressing emotions and studying non-verbals in secondary education establishments (based on the works of M. Kotsiubynskyi) : Master’s thesis]. Chernivtsi, Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University Publ., 86 p. Ivanov, Zhesty v riznykh krainakh svitu: yak ne skhybyty, spilkuiuchys “movoiu paltsiv” [Gestures in different countries of the world: how not to make a mistake when communicating with the "language of fingers"]. Available at: https://pravda-news.com.ua/zhesty-v-riznyh-krayinah-svitu- yak-ne-shybyty-spilkuyuchys-movoyu-palcziv.html Kaidalova, H. & Pliaka, L. V. (2011). Psykholohiia spilkuvannia : navch. posib. [Psychology of communication: teaching manual]. Kharkiv, NFaU Publ., 137 p. Agnus, O. (2012). Proxemics: The Study of Space. The Indian Review of World Literature in English, vol. 8, no. 1, 1–7. Bancroft, J. W. (1995). Research in Nonverbal Communication and its Relationship to Pedagogy and Suggestopedia: Bachelor thesis. Toronto, University of Toronto , 39 p. Calub, L. F. & Calub, C. L. (2023). Categories of Non-Verbal Communication: How to Improve Nonverbal Communication Skills. Philippines, Tarlac State University , 8 p. Dash, B. (2022). Significance of Nonverbal Communication and Paralinguistic Features in Communication: A Critical Analysis. International Journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field. Bhubaneswar, vol. 8, pp. 172–179. Duranti, & Prata, D. (2009). Everything is about time: does it have the same meaning all over the world? Amsterdam, Project Management Institute Publ., 10 p. Gamble, K. & Gamble, M. W. (2013). Nonverbal communication. Interpersonal Communication: Building Connections Together. California, SAGE Publ., pp. 150-187. Huisman, G. (2017). Social Touch Technology, Extending the Reach of Social Touch Through Haptic Technology: Dr. thesis. Den Helder, University of Twente , 399 p. Matsumoto, D. & Hwang, H.-S. (2020). Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Space, Time, and The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication / Ed. Jackson J. London, Routledge Publ., 610 p. Park, The hand gestures that last longer than spoken languages. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210818-the-hand-gestures-that-last-longer-than-spoken- languages Roger, E. Axtell. (2007). Essential Things to Know about Gestures and Body language. Essential Do`s and Taboos: The Complete Guide to International Business and Leisure Travel. New Jersey, Wiley Publ. Volker, (2020). Interpersonal Distance: Bachelor thesis. Enschede, University of Twente Publ., 33 p. Why don`t people make eye contact in London? Available at: https://greatbritishmag.co.uk/uk-culture/why-dont-people-make-eye-contact-in-london/