Dissertationen zum Thema „Ageing cities“
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Makore, Busisiwe Chikomborero Ncube. „Ageing in urban spaces : developing inclusive urban environments for older people in Global South cities“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46703/.
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In the Global South, older persons are often living in poverty and informality and have increased biological, socio-economic and physical vulnerabilities. Responses to the challenges of urbanism have resulted in increasing numbers of older people living in spaces of socio-spatial inequality. Despite the growing stream of literature in the development of inclusive and resilient urban areas in the Global South, there has been relatively little discussion of urban development in an ageing context. This research seeks to address this gap by asking two main questions. How does the physical and social urban environment impact older people? And, how can inclusive urban environments for older people be achieved in global South cities? Research was conducted in two selected case studies of informal areas in Harare, Zimbabwe. A qualitative method of data collection was adopted with semi-structured interviewing, informal conversations with key informants and older persons, spatial sketch mapping and the collection and analysis of key documents. Additional discourse analysis, participant observation and key informant interviews were conducted in Manchester, United Kingdom to explore how Global North cities can be developed with and for older people. The primary contribution of this study to the discourse and practice on inclusive urbanism and ageing in the Global South is a conceptual framework offering interdependent thematic areas that explain the urban concepts that influence the lives of older people. Additionally, this research extends the current literature on ageing, urbanism and informality by exploring the relationship between the social and spatial fabric of informal communities and the lives of older people. The rights based approach is discussed together with a focus on the gendered experience of ageing. Importantly, the findings presented in this thesis contribute to dominant paradigms of vulnerability and contribution by foregrounding the spatial agency of older people and the existing strategies employed in the production of the city.
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AVENTO, NAMI. „Independent Living in Age-Friendly Cities: Study on Dyads of Elderly Pedestrians Walking Dynamics“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/96080.
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The present thesis has, as one of its main goals, the objective to introduce the phenomenon of Ageing Society, particularly focusing on the theme of elderly population mobility in urban environment. The originality of this thesis comes from the study of elderly dyads walking dynamics in urban settings and senior citizens' perception about the neighbourhood they live in, in terms of safety and walkable conditions. The final purpose is to demonstrate, through the analysis of institutional and scientific literature, with the help of qualitative and quantitative data collection tools, how the quality of life in older years is related to the maintenance of physical and social activities outdoor, and to infrastructure and services supporting walking mobility.
After the introduction to the theme Ageing Society (Chapter 1), the first part of the thesis (Chapters 2-3-4) discusses the importance of the concept of Independent Living as a new lifestyle for senior persons, and investigates the meaning of Walkability, the measure of walking condition, and of living conditions in general, in a definite area. These concepts can be associated to the word Age-Friendly City, which not only refers to a city attentive to citizen's needs but to every age, a city that is inclusive and aware of the wellbeing of its inhabitants. Moreover, we cannot ignore the important role that technology plays in elderly assistance and to the improvement of the quality of life. In particular, nowadays technology can make domestic living more comfortable, avoiding institutionalisation. Data collected through the administration of a long questionnaire "The perception of longevity", aiming at investigating the perception of the population regarding themes such as seniority and assistive technology, are presented in this section. Data indicates that older persons are perceived as autonomous in their daily activities and full of resources, confirming the necessity to promote an active and independent lifestyle through an increased social participation and the preservation of interpersonal relationships, also with the use of new technological solutions. The second part of the dissertation introduces the definition of "dyad of pedestrian" and an overview of the literature having as objectives pedestrian characteristics in dynamic contexts, in particular: interpersonal distance during locomotion, patterns of small groups in a crowd, elderly pedestrians exposed to environmental complexity (Chapters 5-6). The third part of the thesis (Chapters 7-8) presents two study cases: in vivo observation in Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan for data collection and analysis concerning pedestrian dynamics, and the administration of short questionnaires in Via Padova in Milan, with the aim of acquiring the experience of elderly people living in the neighbourhood and the conditions of walkability and safety. The results highlight important insights related to the walking behaviour of older people in terms of speed, direction, trajectory, cohesion and about dyads of pedestrians in a complex environment such as a non-signalised street crossing. Conclusion, future works and bibliography constitute the closing part of the thesis (Chapters 9-10).
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Glita, Ivan. „Les villes françaises en décroissance dans le temps long (1968-2017) : une typologie des trajectoires en fonction des composantes démographiques, des spécialisations économiques et de la diversité des contextes territoriaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H068.
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En France, les villes en décroissance suscitent un intérêt grandissant parce qu’elles seraient plus nombreuses depuis au moins une décennie. Face à la diversité des définitions et des approches de la décroissance, nous identifions dans un premier temps les villes en décroissance à partir des trajectoires démographiques construites pour chacune des 3097 agglomérations françaises présentes à au moins une date entre 1962 et 2017. Les résultats montrent qu’un tiers des agglomérations sont concernées par la décroissance, à des périodes et selon des temporalités différentes. Notamment, outre le bond spectaculaire du nombre de villes en décroissance dans les années 1970-1980, consécutif aux crises industrielles et à l’essor de la périurbanisation, nous identifions un ensemble de 441 agglomérations en décroissance récente (depuis 1999). Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux principaux ressorts de la décroissance en analysant tour à tour les composantes démographiques (soldes migratoires et naturels, structure par âge), les profils économiques (évolution de l’emploi, présence de spécialisations économiques industrielles ou tertiaires) et les contextes territoriaux (évolution des couronnes périurbaines et bassins de vie entourant les agglomérations en décroissance, notamment à partir des migrations résidentielles, type de contexte territorial, plus ou moins métropolitain, plus ou moins rural, dans un rayon de deux heures de routes à partir de l’agglomération en décroissance). Finalement, nous réalisons une typologie des unités urbaines en décroissance en France où se distinguent cinq profils majeursRecent studies in France reveal an increasing number of shrinking cities for at least a decade. There is a growing interest in those cities. Because of the diversity of definitions of urban shrinkage, we first identify shrinking cities by formalizing population movements for each of the 3,097 French urban units between 1962 and 2017. The results show that one-third of the agglomerations are affected by population loss, at different periods. In particular, in addition to the spectacular growth in number of shrinking cities during the 1970s and 1980s, following industrial crises and the rise of peri-urbanization, we identify a set of 441 agglomerations experiencing recent decline (since 1999). We then focus on the main factors of urban decline by analyzing three components of urban shrinkage. To show the demographic components of urban shrinkage we focus on the age structure, and on migration and natural balances. We analyze economic profiles with a database of employment trends and of economic specializations. Territorial contexts are also studied through the population evolution of areas surrounding shrinking urban units (changes in peri-urban areas and life basins) and with an urban-rural typology of territorial context (defining if an area is more or less metropolitan, more or less rural, within a two-hour radius from the declining agglomeration). Finally, we create a typology of declining urban units in France, distinguishing five major profiles
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Elfström, Elin. „Stadsplanering för en åldrande befolkning : En fallstudie av Ulleråkersprojektet i Uppsala“. Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215343.
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Äldreperspektivet i stadsplaneringen är ett nästintill outforskat område i Sverige. Samtidigt står vi i Sverige, precis som i många andra länder, inför stora demografiska utmaningar kopplade till den snabbt åldrande befolkningen. Där stadsplanering med ett äldreperspektiv identifierats som en i raden av insatser som krävs för att möta de utmaningar som en åldrande befolkning för med sig. I den här studien har äldrevänlig stadsplanering undersökts utifrån en fallstudie av stadsutvecklingsprojektet Ulleråker i Uppsala kommun. En kommun som sommaren 2016 gick med i Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO:s) globala nätverk för åldersvänliga städer och samhällen, och därmed precis påbörjat sin resa mot att bli en mer äldrevänlig stad. Då äldreperspektivet är ett nytt fenomen i svensk stadsplanering, saknas kunskapen om vad kommunen bör göra för att tillgodose ett sådant perspektiv, vilket utgjort utgångspunkten för denna studie. Studiens syfte har på så sätt varit att bidra med ökade kunskaper om innebörden av äldrevänlig planering, och hur Uppsala kommun skulle kunna utveckla sitt arbete för att på ett bättre sätt tillgodose ett äldreperspektiv. Materialet som legat till grund för fallstudien baseras på dokumentstudier av styrdokument och planhandlingar, samt intervjuer med aktörer som är involverade i stadsplaneringen utifrån ett äldreperspektiv i Uppsala. I studien identifieras en rad faktorer som inom forskningsvärlden framhävts som betydelsefulla vid planeringen av en äldrevänlig stad. Och resultatet från fallstudien tyder på att kommunen, trots att de inte uttalat arbetar med ett äldreperspektiv i stadsplaneringen idag, indirekt tillgodoser vissa delar av äldreperspektivet i sin planering. Samtidigt identifieras i studien en rad förbättringsområden. Bland annat att synen på äldreperspektivet bör tydliggöras och breddas, samt att kommunen bör anta en gemensam målsättning för äldreperspektivet. Likaså föreslås att hanteringen av äldreperspektivet bör ses över, för att förtydliga vilka delar av den kommunala organisationen som ska vara ansvarig för att uppfylla vilka delar av äldreperspektivet. Fallstudien pekar även på att frågan om äldres boende bör lyftas tidigare i planeringsprocessen än vad som görs idag. Slutresultatet från studien, indikerar att ökad kunskap om äldreperspektivet bidrar till att öka medvetenheten om vilka vi planerar för och hur äldre påverkas av olika beslut gällande stadsmiljön, vilket kan ses som en förutsättning för ett medvetet och hållbart samhällsbyggande.The elderly perspective is currently missing in urban planning in Sweden. At the same time, Sweden and many other countries are facing demographic challenges in terms of an ageing population. However, the integration of an elderly perspective into the planning process of cities can be considered as one of a number of efforts to meet these challenges. In this study, an elderly-friendly planning approach has been investigated through a case study of the urban development project Ulleråker in Uppsala, Sweden. In 2016, Uppsala municipality became a member of the WHO global network for age-friendly cities and communities. Hence, the municipality of Uppsala has just begun its journey towards becoming an elderly-friendly city. Since the elderly perspective is a comparatively new phenomenon in the planning agenda in Sweden, the municipality lacks the knowledge needed to cater for such a perspective. With this as a starting point, the purpose of this study is to advance knowledge of elderly-friendly planning, as well as identify ways in which Uppsala municipality could improve their planning procedures to better meet the needs of the elderly in the urban environment. The case study is based on document reviews of regulatory and planning documents linked to the development project of Ulleråker. In addition, five in-depth interviews have been carried out with actors involved in the planning process from an elderly perspective in Uppsala. The study identifies a number of factors of importance in creating an elderly-friendly urban environment. On the one hand, the result of the case study indicates that the municipality does not explicitly consider an elderly perspective in the municipal planning process. On the other hand, the same case study reveals that an elderly perspective is considered indirectly to some extent. Furthermore, the study highlights a number of areas of improvement in order to strengthen the elderly perspective in Uppsala. For instance, it is suggested that the municipality should broaden its view of the needs of older people in urban environments. In addition, the municipality’s handling of the issue should be reviewed to determine the extent to which different parts of the municipal organisation should be responsible for ensuring different factors in creating an elderly-friendly urban environment. Moreover, the case study also suggests that the dwelling issue of elderly people should be considered at an earlier stage in the planning process compared to what is done today. The conclusion indicates that increased knowledge about the elderly perspective in urban planning may raise the awareness of who we plan for, and how older people are affected by different decisions concerning the urban environment. Which can be understood as a precondition for sustainable development.
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Gon?alves, Anderson. „Envelhecimento Populacional e Sustentabilidade: novos desafios para prote??o social em Campinas (SP) p?s 1990“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2018. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1050.
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The aim of this dissertation is to apply the concept of sustainability in the analysis of social protection addressed to the elderly in the Municipality of Campinas. The aging of the Brazilian population is influencing different studies about social protection and providing arguments pro-reform of the Brazilian State, especially a reform in the Social Security System. It is a relevant national issue but population aging also imposes different challenges for sustainable development at the local level. To study this problem, it is necessary to rescue the concept of sustainability from the economic arguments, bringing social protection as an inherent right of the elderly citizen into the discussion. To do so, sustainability must be recognized as an intrinsic "value" to the social dimension, along with the economic and environmental dimensions. The study starts with a literature review on sustainability, from the one-dimensional view of the economic development to sustainable development in its multiple dimensions. Then, the study focuses on the relationship between population aging and conquest of rights, specifically, comparing the demographic data of Brazil, S?o Paulo State and the Municipality of Campinas, and describing the evolution of the legal framework aimed to the elderly in Brazil. Finally, an analysis of the social assistance services and benefits directed to the elderly population of Campinas is presented, as well as the interaction between national and local legislation. This qualitative and quantitative analysis highlights the incompatibility between the criterion of sustainable development in the social dimension and the social protection for the elderly in Campinas. The documentary research and analysis were benefited from the works published by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), the Funda??o Sistema Estadual de An?lise de Dados (SEADE), the N?cleo de Estudos de Popula??o da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NEPO-UNICAMP) and from the Instituto de Pesquisa Econ?mica Aplicada (IPEA). The analysis of the social assistance services and benefits was possible thanks to the annual report of the social assistance department of Campinas and to the data from the Ministry of Social Development (MDS).
Esta disserta??o visa aplicar o conceito de sustentabilidade na an?lise da prote??o social dirigida aos idosos no Munic?pio de Campinas. O envelhecimento da popula??o brasileira tem influenciado diferentes estudos acerca da seguridade social e instrumentalizado argumentos pr?-reforma do Estado brasileiro, em especial, a reforma no Sistema de Seguridade Social. N?o obstante a relev?ncia desse tema no ?mbito nacional, o envelhecimento populacional imp?e diferentes desafios para o desenvolvimento sustent?vel tamb?m na esfera local. Diante desta problem?tica, torna-se necess?rio resgatar o conceito de sustentabilidade dos argumentos puramente econ?micos, trazendo a prote??o social como direito inerente ao cidad?o idoso. Para tanto, a sustentabilidade precisa ser reconhecida como um ?valor? intr?nseco ? dimens?o social, equilibrando a rela??o desta dimens?o com as dimens?es econ?mica e ambiental. O estudo abarca uma revis?o bibliogr?fica acerca da sustentabilidade, partindo do desenvolvimento estritamente econ?mico at? o desenvolvimento sustent?vel nas suas m?ltiplas dimens?es. Inclui tamb?m uma an?lise da rela??o entre envelhecimento populacional e conquista de direitos sociais, comparando os dados demogr?ficos do Brasil, do Estado de S?o Paulo e do Munic?pio de Campinas e descrevendo a trajet?ria da legisla??o pertinente ao idoso no Brasil. Por fim, apresenta-se uma an?lise dos servi?os e benef?cios socioassistenciais voltados ? popula??o idosa de Campinas, observando tamb?m as interela??es entre as legisla??es nacional e municipal. Atrav?s da an?lise qualitativa e quantitativa ficou evidente a incompatibilidade entre o crit?rio de desenvolvimento sustent?vel na dimens?o social e a prote??o social realizada aos idosos em Campinas. A pesquisa e a an?lise documental foram beneficiadas pelas publica??es do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), da Funda??o Sistema Estadual de An?lise de Dados (SEADE), do N?cleo de Estudos de Popula??o da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NEPO-UNICAMP) e do Instituto de Pesquisa Econ?mica Aplicada (IPEA). A an?lise dos servi?os e benef?cios socioassistenciais se deu a partir dos relat?rios de execu??o anual da pol?tica de assist?ncia social em Campinas e pelos dados do Minist?rio do Desenvolvimento Social (MDS).
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Jusko, Ján. „Chatbot pro Smart Cities“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403204.
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The aim of this work is to simplify access to information for citizens of the city of Brno and at the same time to innovate the way of communication between the citizen and his city. The problem is solved by creating a conversational agent - chatbot Kroko. Using artificial intelligence and a Czech language analyzer, the agent is able to understand and respond to a certain set of textual, natural language queries. The agent is available on the Messenger platform and has a knowledge base that includes data provided by the city council. After conducting an extensive user testing on a total of 76 citizens of the city, it turned out that up to 97\% of respondents like the idea of a city-oriented chatbot and can imagine using it regularly. The main finding of this work is that the general public can easily adopt and effectively use a chatbot. The results of this work motivate further development of practical applications of conversational agents.
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REVELLINI, ROSARIA. „SMARTAGING. Quartieri "a misura di anziano". Uno strumento per la valutazione dell'age-friendliness“. Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/319746.
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Il numero crescente di persone con oltre 65 anni d’età e il processo di urbanizzazione sono due delle principali sfide che la città contemporanea deve affrontare con urgenza. Tali temi richiedono un ripensamento degli spazi pubblici per garantire salute e benessere e contribuire positivamente all’invecchiamento attivo.
Alla luce di ciò, nel 2007 la World Health Organization introduce il tema delle “città age-friendly”. Si tratta di città inclusive, in linea con gli obiettivi dell’Agenda 2030 e con i principi dell’Universal Design dal momento che esse supportano la vita delle persone indipendentemente da età, sesso, abilità.
Il presente lavoro identifica il quartiere come “scala urbana ottimale” per l’invecchiamento. Si tratta infatti del luogo in cui si svolge la vita quotidiana degli anziani e in cui, generalmente, ci si identifica come comunità. Qui le persone possono essere incoraggiate (o scoraggiate) a vivere lo spazio pubblico e mantenere le proprie abitudini qualora vi siano luoghi sicuri e ben costruiti.
Partendo dal caso di studio, il quartiere Santa Marta a Venezia, la ricerca si articola in più fasi di analisi tese a identificare le caratteristiche fisiche degli spazi pubblici del quartiere nonché a mappare le attività sociali che ivi si svolgono per comprendere in che modo agire al fine di migliorare l’esperienza urbana della popolazione più anziana.
Al contempo, sono stati analizzati gli strumenti per la valutazione dell’age-friendliness esistenti per comprenderne le criticità e studiati i principali neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools ponendo particolare attenzione ai criteri relativi alla sostenibilità sociale, vista come “acceleratore” di benessere urbano.
L’obiettivo principale della ricerca è quello di redigere un nuovo strumento per la valutazione dell’age-friendliness a scala di quartiere, che rappresenta l’output della ricerca dottorale. Esso, denominato SMARTAGING, consta di 3 sezioni (qualità dello spazio pubblico; trasporti e mobilità; servizi e comunità), 13 criteri e 40 indicatori attraverso i quali è possibile effettuare una valutazione – in termini percentuali – degli spazi pubblici del quartiere oggetto di analisi. Il protocollo proposto ha lo scopo di supportare amministrazioni, progettisti e stakeholder nella comprensione del fenomeno dell’invecchiamento all’interno delle città e indirizzare gli stessi verso politiche attive e scelte progettuali consapevoli per favorire ambienti più inclusivi e maggiormente “a misura di anziano”.The growing population over 65 years old and the process of urbanization are two of the major challenges that the contemporary city has to address urgently. These issues require rethinking public spaces to ensure health and wellbeing and stimulate active ageing. The theme of age-friendly cities (WHO, 2007a) emerges in this context; it’s about inclusive cities harmonised with the Agenda 2030 goals and the Universal Design principles since they support people’s lives regardless of age, gender, and abilities. These are the places where to grow old and fuel the desire of ageing in place. The present work identifies the neighbourhood as the “optimal urban scale” for ageing. It is the place of elderlies’ everyday life and is generally identified as a community. Here people are encouraged to go out and maintain their daily habits thanks to the existence of a safe and good public realm. Starting from the case study of the Santa Marta neighbourhood in Venice, the author has conducted a multi-phase analysis to investigate the quality of outdoor public spaces and which activities are played in these spaces to understand how the urban experience and the quality of life of the elderly can be improved. At the same time, both the good practices listed by the WHO for the achievement of age-friendly environments and some of the major neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools were studied, paying attention to the social dimension of sustainability seen as an “accelerator” of urban health and wellbeing. The main purpose of the research is to draft a new method of evaluation of the age-friendliness applicable to the neighbourhood scale. It is called SMARTAGING and it consists of 3 sections (quality of public space; transport and mobility; services and community), 13 criteria and 40 indicators, by which it is possible to rate neighbourhood’s public spaces. The proposed protocol aims to support administrations in understanding the ageing phenomena by directing active policies and design choices with an increasing focus on citizens and local and social issues to achieve real inclusiveness in urban spaces.
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VALLERO, ALESSIO. „Development of virtual cities models during emergencies“. Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2751273.
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Crooks, Andrew Thomas. „Experimenting with cities : utilizing agent-based models and GIS to explore urban dynamics“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497316.
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Barros, Joana Xavier. „Urban growth in Latin American cities : exploring urban dynamics through agent-based simulation“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446522/.
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The high rates of urban growth in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s produced rapid urbanisation and housing problems. Planning policies as well as the research community have approached urban growth as a static problem rather than as a spatial form that emerges from the urban development process and that is part of a constant dynamic process. This thesis focuses on a specific kind of urban growth that happens in Latin American cities, called 'peripherisation'. This is characterised by the formation of low-income residential areas in the peripheral ring of the city and a perpetuation of a dynamic core-periphery spatial pattern. The dynamics of growth and change in Latin American cities are explored using agent-based simulation. The objective is to increase the understanding of urban spatial phenomena in Latin American cities, which is essential to providing a basis for future planning actions and policies. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part presents an overview of urban growth and dynamics in Latin American cities, drawing on previous work on urbanisation in Latin American cities, spontaneous settlements and inner city dynamic processes. The second part focuses on the development of a simulation model based on the theoretical framework established in the first part. A brief review of the literature of automata models is presented, with particular reference to agent-based simulation for land-use dynamics. The Peripherisation Model is introduced, its computer implementation described, and sensitivity analysis tests reported. Simulation exercises were used to revisit assumptions about urbanisation issues in Latin American cities and investigate important aspects of growth and change in these cities. These exercises allowed the problem of urban growth in Latin American cities to be unfolded through their dynamics, relating these dynamics to urban morphology, and thus presenting a new and important perspective on the phenomenon.
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Kunwar, Bharat Bikram. „Mass evacuation and crisis readiness of cities using open geospatial data and agent based modelling“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723509.
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Bland, Rosemary. „Senior citizens, good practice and quality of life in residential care homes“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/70.
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This thesis is an examination of the definition and implementation of ‘good practice’ in residential care for senior citizens. The central contention is that ‘good practice’ is a term that has been variously defined. Different groups define it in different ways, and their definitions have changed over time. This reflexive qualitative study explores ‘good practice’ in local authority, voluntary and private residential care homes in Scotland from the perspective of policy, practice and the experience of senior citizens who live in them. The study is based on analysis of policy documents, historical studies, and reanalysed interview and survey data from two earlier studies conducted by the author and colleagues. The thesis shows that the notion of ‘good practice’ that emerges in policy and practice documents is a confused and often conflicting set of ideas. Historically, the earliest were driven by concerns over cost. In more modern times, statements about ‘good practice’ have had a more benevolent intent but are frequently flawed by paternalistic and ageist assumptions. It is shown that staff in residential homes typically adopt a different set of attitudes: their preoccupation is with safety and the avoidance of risk. Although benevolent in intention, these interpretations of ‘good practice’ are also at variance with what residents themselves actually want. Two particular models or styles of care are examined in detail. One of these is the use of ‘keyworkers’, often implemented in ways that fail to realise its potential. The other is the ‘hotel’ model of care. The potential of this model as an alternative to the statutory model is explored. The thesis concludes that it is a model that can realise the goal of enabling residents to exercise independence, choice and privacy while meeting their needs in residential care.
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Taylor, Kathryn, und Danielle Ellis. „Mycoplasma-like Organisms as the Causal Agent for Macrophylla Decline“. College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220516.
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Previous literature concerning citrus and other tree crops led us to ask if there was molecular evidence for mycoplasma -like organisms (MLOs) as the causal agent of Macrophylla decline and two other decline diseases, citrus blight and lemon sieve tube necrosis. We had molecular probes available to us that were either specific for MLOs of tree diseases and others that were universal for all known types of MLOs. We used a polymerase chain reaction (MLO) to determine if MLOs were present in the vascular tissues of decline and healthy citrus. I all trials performed, the trees were negative for MLO-PCR products. In addition, we attempted to transmit putative MLO 's from decline affected trees to Vinca rosea MLO-nurse plants. We were unable to affect this type of transfer. In addition, our attempts to identify MLO's in phloem tissue gave us negative results. We have since revised our hypothesis. We are currently pursuing the hypothesis that these decline disorders are the result of a rootstock scion incompatibility, that we may be able to avoid culturally, while maintaining these valuable combinations.
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Dalbosco, Simone Nenê Portela. „O idoso hospitalizado : perspectivas do próprio sujeito a respeito de si mesmo, dos familiares e dos profissionais cuidadores“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18267.
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O envelhecimento populacional é um processo universal, que não afeta apenas o indivíduo, mas também a família e a sociedade. No Brasil, o número de idosos está crescendo, o que torna necessário discutir sobre o exercício do cuidado destinado ao sujeito idoso, sobretudo o hospitalizado, bem como as perspectivas que este possui a respeito de si mesmo, dos familiares e dos profissionais cuidadores. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa qualitativa consistiu, assim, em conhecer e compreender a percepção do sujeito idoso hospitalizado a respeito de si mesmo e dos cuidadores familiares e profissionais. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa 19 idosos hospitalizados, com 60 anos ou mais, capazes de responder às questões aplicadas oralmente, a partir de um roteiro prévio, após várias observações, no período de 2007 e 2008, numa instituição hospitalar privada do RS. Tais respostas foram analisadas com base nas seguintes noções: conceitos e preconceitos relativos ao sujeito idoso; o autocuidado e o cuidado prestado por familiares e profissionais; perda de autonomia e institucionalização: a relação do idoso com o profissional cuidador; profissionais cuidadores da área da saúde; o profissional cuidador e a profissional cuidadora: a desigualdade entre os gêneros; qualidade de vida e saúde dos profissionais "cuida(dores)"; o surgimento dos hospitais; a ética, o SUS e as políticas públicas de saúde do idoso. Por meio da análise dos conteúdos, chegou-se a quatro categorias, definidas pelas respostas e não pelas questões: 1) "o idoso fala sobre si e sua doença"; 2) "a percepção do idoso com relação ao cuidador: os âmbitos familiar e profissional"; 3) "percepção do idoso em relação à instituição hospitalar"; 4) "percepção do idoso com relação aos seus direitos e deveres". A partir das respostas analisadas, concluiu-se que muitos sujeitos idosos não tinham clareza sobre a "sua" patologia; verificou-se a esperança em relação à vida e à cura de sua doença geralmente associada à religiosidade e à fé; esteve presente, ainda, a preocupação de se constituir um paciente permanente, com dependência irreversível dos medicamentos ou dos "cuida(dores)", perdendo, assim, a sua autonomia como sujeito. Em relação à instituição, embora tenha se constatado um atendimento ético e parcimonioso, nem sempre isso foi evidenciado pelos sujeitos idosos. O idoso com patologias graves referiu sentir-se mais seguro no hospital por ter ali o apoio técnico indispensável, preferindo, nessa ocasião, o cuidador profissional. Apesar da intenção explícita nas políticas públicas em considerar o idoso como sujeito em uma nova fase de vida, com necessidades e cuidados específicos, verificou-se que os direitos dos idosos ainda são desconhecidos pela sociedade e por eles próprios. A geriatria, a gerontologia e os novos conceitos delas decorrentes não alcançaram, ainda, todos os profissionais cuidadores de idosos, e menos ainda os seus familiares. Daí a urgência de um processo educativo e educador em torno do novo paradigma que busca, entre outras coisas, "pagar uma dívida" para com os idosos e resgatar o sujeito que a modernidade relegou a um lugar periférico e de invisibilidade.The population ageing is a universal process that does not affect only the individual, but also the family and the community. In Brazil, the number of senior citizens is increasing and because of that it is necessary to discuss about the care of the elderly, especially the hospitalized one, as well as to reflect about their perspectives concerning themselves, the family and the professional caregivers. The goal of this qualitative research was to identify and to comprehend the perception of the hospitalized senior citizen concerning themselves, their family and the professional caregiver. The research subjects were 19 hospitalized senior citizens - 60 years old or more - who were able to answer the oral interviews, which were performed, based on a previous script and after several observations, in the period of 2007 and 2008, in a private hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The criteria used to subdivide the analysis in four categories were defined by the answers and not by the questions. Here they are: Talking about the senior citizens: some concepts and prejudices; The auto-care and the care rendered by family and professionals; Loss of autonomy and institutionalization: the relationship between the elder and the caregiver; Professional caregiver in the health area; From the female caregiver to the male one: the inequality between the genders; Life quality and the caregiver’s health; The hospitals beginning; Ethics and public health policies for the elderly. By the analysis of the contents, four categories were identified: first - "the elder speaks about himself and his disease"; second - "the perception of the elder regarding the caregiver: the familiar and professional scope"; third - "the perception of the elder regarding the hospital institution"; fourth - "the perception of the elder regarding their rights and duties." Based on the analysis realized, it was possible to conclude that many senior citizens did not have clearness about their pathology; the hope regarding life and the cure of the disease was almost associated to the religiosity and faith; the preoccupation of being a permanent patient, with irreversible dependence of medicines or caregivers, losing, thus, their autonomy. Considering the institution, although it was verified an ethical and parsimonious assistance, it was not always evidenced by the senior citizens. The ones with serious pathologies affirm to feel safer in hospital because of its indispensable technical support, desiring, so, the professional caregiver. Besides the explicit intention in the public policies of considering the senior citizen someone in a new phase of life, with specific needs and cares, it was not always verified, making it possible to believe that the rights of the elderly are still unknown by society and also themselves. The geriatrics and gerontology specialties and their new concepts have not reached, yet, all the senior caregivers or families. From that situation, there is the urgency of an educational process around the new paradigm that aims, among other things, to "pay a debt" to the senior citizen, rescuing the individual that modernity has relegated to a peripheral and invisible place.
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Choi, Chi-kin Anthony, und 蔡志堅. „An evaluation of the Senior Citizen Residence scheme (SEN) : the effectiveness of facilitating the concept of ageing in place“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207666.
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Since the hygiene condition and medical services improved in the past few decades, the expectation of life has been lengthened generally. With the baby boom effect, the mass increase in fertility following the World War II result in the problem of ageing population around the world nowadays. The phenomenon alerts the governments of global countries to solve the anticipated ageing problem by catering the needs of the elderly. In addition, the needs of the elderly are changing with the improvement of education level and affluence level. It contributes to elderly in middle-class occupying a larger proportion of the elderly in Hong Kong nowadays. Even though the government has introduced various kind of social policies to deal with the increasing demand and changing needs of the elderly, it is still not enough to satisfy the rising aspiration of the middle-income elderly.
In order to fill the market niche for the elderly in the middle-income group, the Hong Kong government invited Hong Kong Housing Society to undertake a tailor-made housing scheme for the elderly on a basis of leased-for-life. Under the Senior Citizen Residence Scheme (SEN), it aims to provide an affordable and quality accommodation with integrated service for the middle-income elderly. As the SEN scheme is built upon the concept of "ageing-in-place" and "continuum of care", it seeks to strike an excellent to enhance the quality of life for the elderly residents.
Since the SEN scheme is a pilot project, it would be considered as a relatively new and initiative development of elderly housing project comparing to the overseas' housing development. It is valuable to carry out a comprehensive assessment on the achievement of the SEN scheme. As the scheme is developed upon the concept of "ageing-in-place" and "continuum of care", this paper will focus on assess the effectiveness of the scheme in facilitating the concept of ageing-in-place in various aspects. Also, it will investigate the effectiveness of the scheme in affecting the expectation on the future housing arrangement of the elderly. The result of the assessment would be provide a reference for the authority to foresee whether there is any improvement for further development of ageing-in-place policy. As a result, it believed that the assessment of this paper is significant to gives a recommendation for the development of the upcoming project to build a quality living place for the elderly to age-in-place.iiipublished_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management
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Zhuge, Chengxiang. „Developing an agent-based integrated framework for investigating the potential expansion and impact of the electric vehicle market : test cases in two Chinese cities“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284628.
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Initiatives to electrify urban transport promote the purchase and usage of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and have great potential to mitigate the pressing challenges of climate change, energy scarcity and local air quality. Transportation electrification is a huge innovation and could directly and indirectly impact and/or be impacted by several urban sub-systems. This project develops an agent-based integrated framework for investigating how the EV market expands in the context of urban evolution at the micro scale, and assessing the potential impacts of the market expansion on the environment, power grid system and transport facilities, considering the interactions and dynamics found there. The framework may be useful for stakeholders, such as governments, as an aid to decision making. The integrated framework, SelfSim-EV, is updated from a Land Use and Transport (L-T) model, SelfSim, by incorporating several EV-related modules, including an EV market model, an activity-based travel demand model, a transport facility development model and a social network model. In order to somewhat present the behavioural rules of some key agents in SelfSim-EV, two questionnaire surveys on individual EV travel and purchase behaviours were delivered to members of the general public in Beijing, and semi-structured interviews with EV stakeholders were also carried out. The collected data was analysed using discrete choice models and Geographic Information System (GIS). SelfSim-EV was fully tested within two test cases in China, Baoding (a medium-sized city) and Beijing (the capital of China): first, parameter Sensitivity Analyses (SAs) were carried out to test SelfSim-EV within the test case of Baoding from both global and local perspectives, investigating the relationships between the 127 model parameters and 78 outputs of interest; Then SelfSim-EV was further tested within the case study of Beijing, involving in model initialisation, calibration, validation and prediction. Specifically, the SA results were used to calibrate SelfSim-EV in Beijing from 2011 to 2014 by matching various observed and simulated data types at both city- and district-levels, and the calibrated SelfSim-EV model was further validated against historical data in 2015. Then the future of EVs in Beijing was explored within a Reference Scenario (RefSc) from 2016 to 2020. Due to the model uncertainty in future events, several "what-if" scenarios were set up with the SelfSim-EV Beijing model to explore how three typical types of driving factors, namely policy, technology and infrastructure, may influence the EV market expansion at both aggregate and disaggregate levels. The results indicate that policies tend to be more influential than technologies and infrastructures in terms of EV penetration rates. RefSc eventually shows some improvement in total emissions, however, boosting sales of EVs (particularly PHEVs) in the wrong way could have negative impacts. Charging demand accounting for around 4% of total residential electricity demand in 2020 may put slight pressure on the power grid system in RefSc, and it does not increase linearly as the EV sales rise. Slow charging posts appear to be necessary, whereas fast charging facilities seem to contribute slightly to the EV market expansion and thus may be not necessary at the current stage.
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Ceballo, Flor Angel Aquino. „An investigation into why coccidoxenoides peregrinus (timberlake) (hymenoptera:encyrtidae) is an effective biological control agent in Queensland citrus /“. St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16498.pdf.
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Bezhanyan, Armen. „Citizens' ownership over the state and its role in the pricipal [sic]-agent model of corruption“. Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1962984651&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Quaglierini, Bertrand. „Le militaire : entre citoyen, agent public et soldat“. Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG2058/document.
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Le statut des militaires en France s'est toujours inscrit dans la spécificité. En effet, bien que la loi numéro 72-662 portant statut général des militaires du 13 juillet 1972, puis la loi numéro 2005-270 du 25 mars 2005, reconnaissent aux militaires la qualité de citoyen, elles aménagent, dans un second temps, un ensemble de sujétions qui restreignent, voire interdisent, aux militaires l'exercice de libertés inhérentes à la qualité de citoyen. Les militaires ne peuvent être considérés comme des citoyens 'ordinaires' puisque, d'une part, ils sont des agents de l'état et sont, de ce fait, astreints à des sujétions propres aux agents publics; d'autre part, de la spécificité des missions qu'ils assument découlent des sujétions qui leur sont propres. Cependant, le rapprochement des militaires à la société civile organisée par la loi du 25 mars 2005 ainsi que les évolutions de la société civiles et de l'armée française ont conduit à s'interroger sur les justifications de sujétions des militaires. La présente thèse a ainsi pour objet l'étude des sujétions militaires au regard des droit et libertés garantis à tout citoyen françaisThe legal situation of the French military has alway been specific. The legislators of 1972 and 2005 have progressively put an end to the capitis deminutio which prevent the soldiers to exercise their rights and liberties. For this purpose, the legal framework of the military has been progressively approched to the legal framework of the official, while preserving specific principles forming the very basis of the military state. The military have recovered the substance part of their the rights and liberies aknowleged to the cititizens, and consequently, they are legaly between the citizen, the official and the soldier
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Guastella, Davide Andrea. „Dynamic learning of the environment for eco-citizen behavior“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30160.
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Le développement de villes intelligentes et durables nécessite le déploiement des technologies de l'information et de la communication (ITC) pour garantir de meilleurs services et informations disponibles à tout moment et partout. Comme les dispositifs IoT devenant plus puissants et moins coûteux, la mise en place d'un réseau de capteurs dans un contexte urbain peut être coûteuse. Cette thèse propose une technique pour estimer les informations environnementales manquantes dans des environnements à large échelle. Notre technique permet de fournir des informations alors que les dispositifs ne sont pas disponibles dans une zone de l'environnement non couverte par des capteurs. La contribution de notre proposition est résumée dans les points suivants : - limiter le nombre de dispositifs de détection à déployer dans un environnement urbain ; - l'exploitation de données hétérogènes acquises par des dispositifs intermittents ; - le traitement en temps réel des informations ; - l'auto-calibration du système. Notre proposition utilise l'approche AMAS (Adaptive Multi-Agent System) pour résoudre le problème de l'indisponibilité des informations. Dans cette approche, une exception est considérée comme une situation non coopérative (NCS) qui doit être résolue localement et de manière coopérative. HybridIoT exploite à la fois des informations homogènes (informations du même type) et hétérogènes (informations de différents types ou unités) acquises à partir d'un capteur disponible pour fournir des estimations précises au point de l'environnement où un capteur n'est pas disponible. La technique proposée permet d'estimer des informations environnementales précises dans des conditions de variabilité résultant du contexte d'application urbaine dans lequel le projet est situé, et qui n'ont pas été explorées par les solutions de l'état de l'art : - ouverture : les capteurs peuvent entrer ou sortir du système à tout moment sans qu'aucune configuration particulière soit nécessaire ; - large échelle : le système peut être déployé dans un contexte urbain à large échelle et assurer un fonctionnement correct avec un nombre significatif de dispositifs ; - hétérogénéité : le système traite différents types d'informations sans aucune configuration a priori. Notre proposition ne nécessite aucun paramètre d'entrée ni aucune reconfiguration. Le système peut fonctionner dans des environnements ouverts et dynamiques tels que les villes, où un grand nombre de capteurs peuvent apparaître ou disparaître à tout moment et sans aucun préavis. Nous avons fait différentes expérimentations pour comparer les résultats obtenus à plusieurs techniques standard afin d'évaluer la validité de notre proposition. Nous avons également développé un ensemble de techniques standard pour produire des résultats de base qui seront comparés à ceux obtenus par notre proposition multi-agentsThe development of sustainable smart cities requires the deployment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to ensure better services and available information at any time and everywhere. As IoT devices become more powerful and low-cost, the implementation of an extensive sensor network for an urban context can be expensive. This thesis proposes a technique for estimating missing environmental information in large scale environments. Our technique enables providing information whereas devices are not available for an area of the environment not covered by sensing devices. The contribution of our proposal is summarized in the following points: * limiting the number of sensing devices to be deployed in an urban environment; * the exploitation of heterogeneous data acquired from intermittent devices; * real-time processing of information; * self-calibration of the system. Our proposal uses the Adaptive Multi-Agent System (AMAS) approach to solve the problem of information unavailability. In this approach, an exception is considered as a Non-Cooperative Situation (NCS) that has to be solved locally and cooperatively. HybridIoT exploits both homogeneous (information of the same type) and heterogeneous information (information of different types or units) acquired from some available sensing device to provide accurate estimates in the point of the environment where a sensing device is not available. The proposed technique enables estimating accurate environmental information under conditions of uncertainty arising from the urban application context in which the project is situated, and which have not been explored by the state-of-the-art solutions: * openness: sensors can enter or leave the system at any time without the need for any reconfiguration; * large scale: the system can be deployed in a large, urban context and ensure correct operation with a significative number of devices; * heterogeneity: the system handles different types of information without any a priori configuration. Our proposal does not require any input parameters or reconfiguration. The system can operate in open, dynamic environments such as cities, where a large number of sensing devices can appear or disappear at any time and without any prior notification. We carried out different experiments to compare the obtained results to various standard techniques to assess the validity of our proposal. We also developed a pipeline of standard techniques to produce baseline results that will be compared to those obtained by our multi-agent proposal
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Kouřil, Michal. „Senioři a zdravý životní styl: segmentace a aplikace brandingu veřejného zdraví“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113246.
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The thesis focuses on the segmentation of seniors in their approach to a healthy lifestyle and subsequent application of marketing tools in order to improve this approach of the selected segment. The theoretical part consists of a situation analysis explaining relations among population ageing, health care expenditures, employment and health condition of the population and then mapping of important areas such as quality of life of seniors, their healthy lifestyle and marketing methods associated with these areas. The practical part starts with the segmentation of seniors based on extensive database of the MML - TGI research and using analytical software Data Analyzer both provided by research agency Median. One of created segments is then chosen according to its possibilities of a behavioral change related to healthy lifestyle. The thesis is concluded with a design of a new public health brand and associated campaign both designed in order to appeal to selected segment according to principles of public health branding.
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Gendall, Kierryn Leigh. „Agathis bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: braconidae) its biology and usefulness as a biological control agent for false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: tortricidae), on citrus bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: braconidae) its biology and usefulness as a biological control agent for false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: tortricidae), on citrus“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005317.
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The false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the major pests of citrus in South Africa, the others being mealybug, Mediterranean fruit fly, bollworm and some mites. Due to problems such as the expense of pesticides, insects evolving pesticide resistance (Hogsette 1999), chemical residue on the skin of export fruit and the negative impact of pesticides on the environment, it became necessary to find alternative methods for pest control (Viggiani 2000). Agathis bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of false codling moth known only from the Sundays River Valley area (Sishuba 2003), offers a means of control for the pest. A total of 11 389 navel oranges were collected from various orchards in the Addo/Kirkwood area, and false codling moth larvae infested 36.09% of the fruit. A single parasitoid species, A. bishopi, was reared from these larvae. In 2006 the highest parasitism rate, 11.43%, was recorded in May and in 2007, the highest parasitism rate, 13.27%, was in April. Agathis bishopi parasitizes larvae in instars 2 and 3, possibly due to the accessibility of these younger instars to the female parasitoid and possibly due to the length of the life cycle of this koinobiont. Second instar hosts yielded the highest number of parasitoids, and there was no emergence of parasitoids from fifth instar larvae. Females of A. bishopi live for 18.5 days (n = 20; S.E. = 3.1) and males for 8.25 days (n = 20; S.E. = 1.23). Females produce an average of 23 offspring in a lifetime, while female false codling moths produce about 800 eggs each. A high number of parasitoids will be required per hectare to reduce the population of false codling moth. Captive rearing of A. bishopi proved difficult due to viral and fungal contamination. Agathis bishopi has potential for use in an integrated pest management programme once the hurdle of mass-rearing has been overcome.
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Miranda, João Vitor Meirelles de. „Leis de Escala em Cidades“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100132/tde-21012016-134950/.
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Ao longo da história, diversas foram as tentativas da ciência em sistematizar o conhecimento sobre as cidades. Um conjunto de recentes descobertas empíricas deu início a uma nova ciência urbana, fundamentada nos sistemas complexos( BATTY , 2013). Uma das raízes empíricos dessa ciência está nas análises de escalamento entre diversas variáveis urbanas com a população das cidades. Como hipótese fundamental, propõe-se que por mais diferentes que sejam, parece existir um padrão muito claro de escalamento entre a população dos centros urbanos com variáveis de produção socioeconômica (superlinear) e variáveis infraestruturais (sublinear). Um modelo de campo médio proposto por Bettencourt( BETTENCOURT , 2013) parece apresentar uma prossível explicação para a origem dessas leis de escala nas interações sociais. Essa hipótese ainda carece, entretanto, de maiores comprovações empíricas e de maiores explorações do modelo proposto. O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma exploração das leis de escala entre as cidades brasileiras e uma tradução do modelo de Bettencourt em uma estrutura de modelagem por agentes. Os padrões de escalamento das cidades brasileiras parecem seguir aqueles encontrados em outras cidades do mundo com certa robustez. Escalamentos de variáveis de arrecadação e de despesas foram estudados e as cidades brasileiras parecem otimizá-los a medida que crescem. O modelo se mostrou coerente com os fatos observados empiricamente e indicou que cidades muito desiguais tendem a ter menores produções socioeconômicas e que áreas de interações maiores e custos de transporte menores tendem a produzir mais interações socioeconômicasThroughout history science has tried in many ways to sistematyze the knowledge about cities. Recent empirical discoveries started a new urban science, based on complex systems and data science( BATTY , 2013). One of the empirical foundation of this science is the scaling laws of diferent urban variables in relation to the urban population size. As a main hypothesis, it is sugested that as diferent as cities may be, there seems to be an evident scaling pattern between population size and socioeconomic production (superlinear) and infrastrufture variables (sublinear). A mean field model proposed by Bettencourt( BETTENCOURT , 2013) appears to present a plausible explanation for the origin of scaling laws in social interactions. However, this hypothesis still lacks more concluding empirical proof and further study of the model itself. This paper presents the results of an exploration of the scaling laws among Brazilian cities and a translation of Bettencourts model in a ABM framework. The scaling patterns of Brazilian cities appear to follow those found in other cities in the world with a certain robustness. Tax revenues and costs scaling were studied and Brazilian cities seem to optimize them as they grow. The model proved to be consistent with the facts observed empirically and indicated that very unequal city tend to have lower socioeconomic productions and greater areas of interactions and lower transportation costs tends to imply greater socioeconomic productions
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Kepekci, Aysun Remziye. „Antifungal Spectrum Determination Of The K5 Type Yeast Killer Protein On Fungi Causing Spoilage In Citrus Fruits“. Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607858/index.pdf.
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Some yeast strains under certain conditions secrete polypeptide toxins which are inhibitory to sensitive fungal cells into the medium. These yeast strains are termed as killer yeasts and their toxins are designated as killer proteins or killer toxins. Killer proteins are classified into 11 typical types (K1-K11). These toxins have different killing mechanisms on sensitive cells. Some of them hydrolyze major cell wall component, beta-1,3- glucans. As mammalian cells lack cell walls research and development of novel highly selective antifungals are mostly focused on the agents which target the components of the fungal cell wall. K5 type killer protein was characterized in our labarotory previously. This protein is an exo beta-1,3-glucanase which is stable at pH’
s and temperatures appropriate for its biocontrol usage. Beta-1,3-glucan hydrolyzing activity of the K5 type killer protein highlighted the potential use of this protein as a selective antifungal agent. According to CLSI methodology, antifungal activity of the K5 type yeast killer protein was tested against 6 fungal strains causing postharvest spoilage in citrus fruits and found to be effective on Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium italicum whereas non effective on Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, Phythophythora citrophthora, Alternaria citri. The MIC values of the toxin for B.cinerea, P.digitatum, P.italicum were found to be 16 mikrogram/ml while IC 50 values of the toxin were 2.12, 3.31, 2.57 mikrogram/ml respectively. The results showed that K5 type yeast killer protein would be used as a novel and selective agent against B.cinerea, P.digitatum and P.italicum.
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Moore, Sean Douglas. „The development and evaluation of Cryptophlebia Leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV) as a biological control agent for the management of false codling moth, Cryptophlebia Leucotreta, on citrus“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004001.
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A granulovirus isolated from Cryptophlebia leucotreta larvae was shown through restriction endonuclease analysis to be a novel strain (CrleGV-SA). No more than one isolate could be identified from a laboratory culture of C. leucotreta. However, a preliminary examination of restricted DNA profiles of isolates from different geographical regions indicated some minor differences. In surface dose bioassays on artificial diet, LC50 and LC90 values with neonate larvae were estimated to be 4.095 x 103 OBs/ml and 1.185 x 105 OBs/ml respectively. LT50 and LT90 values with neonate larvae were estimated to be 4 days 22 h and 7 days 8 h, respectively. Detached fruit (navel orange) bioassays with neonate larvae indicated that virus concentrations that are likely to be effective in the field range from 1.08 x 107 to 3.819 x 1010 OBs/ml. In surface dose bioassays with fifth instar larvae LC50 and LC90 values were estimated to be 2.678 x 107 OBs/ml and 9.118 x 109 OBs/ml respectively. LT50 and LT90 values were estimated to be 7 days 17 h and 9 days 8 h, respectively. A new artificial diet for mass rearing the host was developed. Microbial contamination of diet was significantly reduced by adding nipagin and sorbic acid to the diet and by surface sterilising C. leucotreta eggs with Sporekill. Almost 20 % more eggs were produced from moths reared on the new diet compared to moths reared on the old diet. A further 9 % improvement in egg production and a reduction in the labour required to produce eggs, was made with the development of a new oviposition cage attached to the moth eclosion box. Virus was mass produced in fifth instar C. leucotreta larvae by surface inoculating diet with the LC90. When 300 individuals were placed onto inoculated diet, 56 % of them were recovered six to 11 days later as infected larvae. Mean larval equivalents was 1.158 x 1011 OBs/larva. When larvae and diet were harvested together, highest yields of virus were achieved at eight days after inoculation. Microbial contamination in semi-purified preparations of CrleGV ranged from 176211 to 433594 (OB:CFU ratio). Half-life of CrleGV in the field was estimated to be less than 1 day on the northern aspect of trees and between 3 - 6 days on the southern aspect. Original activity remaining (OAR) of the virus dropped below 50 % after 5 days on the northern aspect of trees and was still at 69 % on the southern aspect of trees after 3 weeks. In field trials, CrleGV reduced C. leucotreta infestation of navel oranges by up to 60 % for a period of 39 days. CrleGV in combination with augmentation of the C. leucotreta egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae, reduced infestation by 70 %. The integration of CrleGV into an integrated pest management (IPM) system for the management of C. leucotreta on citrus is proposed.
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Harbi, Ahlem. „Diachasmimorpha longicaudata as Biological Control agent of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata: biotic and abiotic factors affecting its implementation in citrus crops of the Mediterranean basin“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401930.
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Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a cosmopolitan pest, originary from West-Africa, that has invaded almost all the temperate and tropical countries by the unwanted aid of the men. During its adaptation to these new environments, C. capitata has widened its host plant portfolio, being nowadays a key pest for more than 400 plant species of economic importance. Due to this importance, many importing countries had established quarantine measures and borders against fruit world-wide trade, which had directly impacted on the plant protection policies of producer countries.
Spain and Tunisia are located in the Mediterranean basin; the first known world-wide dispersal point of C. capitata. In these two countries, C. capitata is considered a key pest mainly for citrus species and other soft-fruits. From a historical point of view, Plant Protection policies in Spain were switched from a nearly ecological management (with great losses) to mainly chemical-based treatments with the spread of organosphosphate compounds early on XX century. With the development of European Union, national Plant Protection plans were modified, introducing the Integrated Pest Management programs (IPM), on which environment and human-friendly methods should be selected instead of the most damaging chemical treatments. Following these steps, Tunisia is integrating the use of biorrational methods while keeping the use of chemicals as low as possible.
To this end, in the present thesis dissertation, I would focus on the use of natural enemies as the best and sustainable control method, coming back to the Biological Control programs that were successful in the past against other pests in both countries. More precisely, this dissertation is presenting the results on the implementation of Classical Biological Control against C. capitata in citrus, by the importation, evaluation and release of the parasitoid species Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in both countries. This parasitoid species, native from East Asia, is currently used against other tephritid pest species, key species for other countries and commodities.
In the First Chapter I will present a literature review on the Plant protection policies against this key pest, and what is know about the performance and success of this parasitoid species.
At the Second Chaper, I will present the results of the implementation of laboratory rearings of both insects to achieve all the remaining objectives, along with the determination of life parameters of the specie that will determine its success as natural enemy. In this second chapter I will also present the determination of biotic (host densities and availability) and abiotic (temperature, RH, rainfall) factors affecting the performance of D. longicaudata over C. capitata.
During the Third Chapter, I will demonstrate that D. longicaudata is able to exhert control of C. capitata under natural Mediterranean climatic conditions when either challenging the parasitoid with hosts directly from the laboratory rearing or in a more natural condition, within the fruits, a forestep required to determine its inclusion in the national Plant Protection Policies. Results show that D. longicaudata exhert up to 30% of medfly population reduction by means of induced mortality along the provisioning of new parasitoid offspring that would propagate and establish in the country. Along these results I showed that D. longicaudata was able to control medfly infestation foci at a rate that depend on climatic conditions and on the number of released females.
At the Fourth Chapter, I will reveal the results of D. longicaudata dispersion abilities along its capability to exhert control of C. capitata populations while applied joinly with SIT, by means of open-field test trials, with a new developed sentinel fruits methodology. In this chapter, I consider also the abiotic factors that could determine its naturalization in other Mediterranean countries with similar climatic conditions. The results of this chapter highlight the need of such dispersal studies at the corresponding local climatic conditions to establish the release procedures.
At the Fifth Chapter, I will expose the results of importation and naturalization of D. longicaudata in Tunisia, with the required studies on the presence of native enemies and the identification of a new parasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)., the establishment of laboratory rearings for the release trials, and the side-effects of the available control measures that will face D. longicaudata in Tunisian citrus orchards which will determine the procedure in tempo and form for the releases.
At the end of this dissertation, I will present the main conclusions achieved that can be summarized in: (i) D. longicaudata is a viable natural enemy that can be successfully released in Mediterranean countries against C. capitata; (ii) Its biotic potential under the mild climatic conditions identified will help in the naturalization of this species, and in the establishment of release protocols, but also, (iii) its climatic requirements highlight the need of switching from Classical Biological Control to Inoculative Biological control, that means that both countries require mass-rearing facilities to provide these insects, along the involvement of growers in the application of IPM measures including the augmentoriums to facilitate the naturalization of the introduced species along the preservation of the native ones.
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Ralitera, Tahina. „Simulations multi-agent pour les villes intelligentes : une architecture multi-environnement temporelle, spatiale et organisationnelle. Apports pour l’anticipation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0017.
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La simulation multi-agent est une approche prometteuse pour la construction et la planification des villes intelligentes. Dans ce contexte, nous nous basons sur l'exemple du rechargement de véhicules électriques avec des bornes de recharge publiques. Cet exemple illustre une problématique de gestion de ressources partagées et limitées dans le temps et dans l'espace. Rolland May définit trois principales dimensions que doit intégrer le système : l'espace, l'organisation et le temps. Dans la littérature des simulations multi-agent, la dimension spatiale et la dimension sociale font l'objet de nombreuses propositions. Contrairement à cela, la considération du temps comme une dynamique du système reste sujette à très peu d'étude. De plus, si beaucoup de travaux de recherche traitent de la considération spatiale et organisationnelle dans le raisonnement de l'agent, la considération de la dynamique temporelle est souvent négligée. Cela met en évidence deux aspects sur lesquels nous aimerions contribuer : - le besoin de support d'interaction pour échanger des informations spatiale, sociale et temporelle ; - le besoin de raisonnement anticipatif prenant en compte ces informations spatiale, temporelle et organisationnelle échangées. À travers cette thèse, notre premier objectif consiste à faire évoluer le paradigme de simulation multi-agent de manière à considérer le temps comme un nouveau milieu d'interaction que nous appelons l'environnement temporel. Pour mettre en place cet environnement temporel au sein du système, nous proposons un modèle appelé Agent-Groupe-Rôle-Environnement-Temps (AGRET). Il s'agit d'une extension du modèle générique d'organisation Agent-Groupe-Rôle (AGR) et de sa variante Agent-Groupe-Rôle-Environnement (AGRE). L'originalité de notre approche consiste en la considération de la dimension temporelle comme un environnement, au même titre que l'environnement spatial et l'environnement social. L'environnement temporel est utilisé comme support pour l'échange et le stockage d'informations temporelles. Il vient en complément à l'ordonnanceur de la simulation qui gère le cycle d'activation de la simulation. L'implémentation de ce nouveau milieu d'interaction apporte de nouvelles possibilités. Une d'entre elles est l'usage des informations temporelles perçues à travers l'environnement temporel pour optimiser le raisonnement anticipatif de l'agent. Ce raisonnement anticipatif est particulièrement intéressant dans le contexte de la ville intelligente, car il augmente le réalisme de la simulation en faisant transparaître une capacité cognitive qui est propre à l'humain. Il permet également d'améliorer le mécanisme de décision de l'agent en choisissant un comportement plus pertinent qui prend en compte le contexte d'activation temporel, spatial et social de l'agent. Il se base sur des informations sur le passé, sur le présent et sur le futur planifié, que l'agent perçoit au niveau de l'environnement temporel. La prise en compte des informations futures planifiées constitue une originalité de cette approche. Pour résumer, nos deux contributions relèvent du temps. La première concerne la représentation du temps comme un milieu d'interaction : l'environnement temporel. La deuxième concerne le raisonnement temporel : un raisonnement anticipatif basé sur la perception de l'environnement spatial, de l'environnement temporel et de l'environnement social. Plus particulièrement, nous exploitons la visibilité sur la dimension future du temps qui est permise par l'environnement temporel. Dans l'exemple du rechargement des véhicules électriques, l'intégration de notre approche permet l'optimisation de la répartition des recharges dans l'espace et dans le temps. Nous montrons cela à travers une implémentation sur un modèle de simulation appelé SkuadCityModel. Plus généralement, au niveau de la ville intelligente, l'implémentation de nos contributions permet l'optimisation de la gestion des ressources dans l'espace et dans le tempsThe multiagent simulation is a promising approach for smart city design and planning. In this context, we focus on the example of recharging electric vehicles on public charging points. This example illustrates a problem of managing limited and shared resources in time and space. Rolland May defines three main dimensions that should be integrated by the system: the space, the organisation and the time. In multi-agent simulations, the spatial dimension and the social dimension are the subject of numerous proposals in the literature. In opposite, time remains subject to very few studies and consideration. In addition, if a lot of research deals with spatial and organisational consideration in the agent's reasoning, the time consideration, as a system dynamic, is often overlooked.This highlights two aspects to which we want to contribute:- the need for interaction support to exchange spatial, social and temporal information;- the need for reasoning that takes this exchanged spatial, temporal and organisational information into account.Thought this thesis, our first objective aim at making the multiagent simulation paradigm evolve in order to consider time as a new medium of interaction, in the same way as the spatial environment or the organisational environment. For that purpose, we draw on existing approaches that are commonly used for modelling the space and organisations. Our model is called Agent-Group-Environment-Time (AGRET). It is an extension of the generic organisational model AGR and its variant AGRE.The originality of our approach is that it integrates the temporal dimension as an environment, in the same way as the spatial environment and the social environment. This time environment is used to support the exchange and the storage of time information. It complements the simulation scheduler which manages the simulation activation cycle. The implementation of this new interaction environment brings new possibilities. One of these possibilities is the use of temporal, spatial and social information, perceived through the environments, to optimise the agent's reasoning. In this context, we choose to focus on anticipatory reasoning which is particularly interesting in the context of the smart city. This anticipatory reasoning increases the realism of the simulation by showing a cognitive capacity that is specific to humans. It also improves the agent's decision mechanism by choosing a more relevant behaviour that takes into account the agent's temporal, spatial and social activation context. This anticipatory reasoning is based on information about the past, the present and the future, which the agent perceives through the temporal environment. The inclusion of future information in the anticipative reasoning is an original feature of this approach. This functionality is made possible by the temporal environment, which allows storing and perceiving information on the temporal dimension.To summarise, our contributions are both about time. Our first contribution is about the representation of time as an environment. In the multi-agent level, we propose an interaction support for the exchange and storage of information on space, time and organisation. Our second contribution is about temporal reasoning. We propose an anticipative reasoning based on the perception of spatial, temporal and social environments. In particular, we exploit the visibility of the future dimension of time that is allowed by the temporal environment. In the example of electric vehicles recharge, the integration of our approaches allows, at the collective level, the optimisation of the recharge distribution in space and time. We show this through an implementation on a multi-agent simulation model called SkuadCityModel. More generally, at the level of the smart city, the implementation of our contributions allows the optimisation of resource management in space and time
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Schröder, Thomas. „Sustainability in practice : a study of how reflexive agents negotiate multiple domains of consumption, enact change, and articulate visions of the 'good life'“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sustainability-in-practice-a-study-of-how-reflexive-agentsnegotiate-multiple-domains-of-consumption-enact-change-andarticulate-visions-of-the-good-life(c19dc146-1b93-402e-b3b5-cbbd3f6778be).html.
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A small proportion of people claim to live and consume in ways they consider more sustainable in social and environmental terms. As yet, we do not know how many exactly, but possibly no more than 5-10% of the population. The thesis intentionally focuses on this minority finding there are at least three reasons why it is interesting to do so. First because they are all but ignored in sociologies of practice in the context of sustainable consumption which considers this minority an insignificance and focuses almost exclusively on 'mainstream' majority which more closely maps onto the stereotype of 'consumer society'. Second because we think we can learn much from juxtapositioning this group empirically against the spectrum of theories of practice to devise more robust and appropriate theoretical explanation of how these subjects, in the context of everyday practice, negotiate the many interpretations and contradictions involved in trying to put 'sustainability' into practice. Third because by understanding them better we can reflect on theoretical, empirical and policy implications for nudging this minority of the population to a higher percentage. The thesis sits at one end of a spectrum of positions in theories of practice applied to consumption, and in particular with a normative interest in sustainable consumption. It aligns with those who seek to re-insert the reflexive agent into accounts of practice, with particular reference to the conceptual construct of the 'citizen-consumer' and the context of political consumption (Spaargaren & Oosterveer 2010). Referring to theories of consumption, the thesis adds perspectives on how people negotiate multiple domains of consumption simultaneously since everyday practice involves interactions across multiple domains (such as eating, mobility, householding); and yet typically in theories of practice these are artificially separated into single domains. The study therefore considers the implications which domains have on how particular practices are carried out, first separately (per domain) and then as they come together (in a cross-cutting domain perspective). The study then takes theories of practice as a springboard to develop a theoretical position and framework which better fits the narrated accounts of the 37 subjects who participated in this study. In iteratively co-developing a theoretical framework and multiple 'stages' of empirical research (using grounded theory methodology) the study seeks to explain theoretically how subjects justify their 'doings' (drawing on 'conventions' and 'orders of worth' (Boltanski & Thévenot 2006)); how they appear to muddle through as best they can (introducing 'bricolage' (Lévi-Strauss 1972)); and how subjects appear to devise decision short-cuts when approaching decisions characterised by the multiple contradictions of sustainable consumption and incomplete or 'too much' information (introducing heuristics (Gigerenzer & Gaissmaier 2011)). In joining calls to re-insert the reflexive agent to account for how, when and why subjects enact changes towards trajectories which they consider 'more sustainable' in their own terms, the study takes inspiration from Margaret Archer's morphogenesis approach (1998) and explores her model of multiple modes of reflexivity, announcing certain modes as 'better fitting' conditions of late modernity. The study finally finds that contrary to a notion of the un-reflexive agent, the citizen-consumer is able to articulate visions of the 'good life'. In addition she is able to fold these visions back onto everyday practices performed in the past, present and future, laying out normative guidelines and positive accounts of how to achieve personal or societal well-being and happiness. The overarching positioning of the study is much inspired by Andrew Sayer's (2011; 2000) 'normative turn' calling upon social sciences to re-instate research into the things about which people care. The study is therefore guided by the overarching question of how people translate their environmental and/or social concerns into the ways in which they live and consume.
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Anjos, Manuel Maria Dentinho. „Construir no construído. Novas soluções para azona industrial de Alcântara. Sustentabilidade social das áreas urbanas - diálogo intergeracional“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6542.
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PAN, MING-CHIEH, und 潘明杰. „Exploring the Relationship between Ageing and the Catching-up Effect of Household Medical Spending in Five Metropolitan Cities in Taiwan“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f2k95q.
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碩士南開科技大學
福祉科技與服務管理所
102
Objective: The ageing population is a well-known global issue, and it is one of the factors that increase the overall health care costs. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to investigate the catch-up effect of population ageing and household medical spending and factors that influence household healthcare spending in five municipalities in Taiwan. Methods: This study first used the CBL panel stationary test to investigate the catch-up effect of ageing population and household medical spending, and second, the panel data model was used to analyze the effects of aged 65 (or above) ratio, household income, number of physician as 100,000 persons, and hospital beds as 100,000 persons on healthcare expenditure. Data, obtained from Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, and Department of Health, Executive Yuan, covered all time series data from 1994-2011 in five municipalities (Namely, Taipei City, New Taipei City, Taichung City, Tainan City and Kaohsiung) in Taiwan. Results: The results showed that the catch-up effects were identified in household medical spending, aged 65 (or above) ratio, and household income but not in number of physician as 100,000 persons, and hospital beds as 100,000 persons in these five municipalities in Taiwan. In addition, the household income, number of physician as 100,000 persons, and hospital beds as 100,000 persons impacts the household medical spending positively, but the effect of aged 65 (or above) ratio on household medical spending is not significant. Conclusions: ageing population and household medical spending have catch-up effect in Taiwan, and our empirical results from the panel data models indicated that ageing population did not have a significant effect on household medical spending In contrast, the positive association between number of physician as 100,000 persons (hospital beds as 100,000 persons) and household medical spending is significantly identified. This implicitly states that the supplier induce demand may exist in the Taiwan’s healthcare market.
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Sugahara, Gustavo Toshiaki Lopes. „Cidades criativas e envelhecimento populacional“. Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2036.
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Dois grandes fenómenos vão continuar a influenciar decisivamente a organização colectiva da humanidade: a urbanização e o envelhecimento demográfico. Estas realidades apresentam impactos tão significativos que é praticamente impossível planear e pensar o futuro sem ter em conta as suas transformações. Com o reconhecimento da importância da criatividade para o desenvolvimento observamos ainda a proliferação de conceitos e políticas que procuram promover a criatividade nas cidades, as cidades criativas. O nosso objectivo é avaliar as políticas de cidades criativas tendo em vista os desafios colocados pelo envelhecimento demográfico.
Os resultados preliminares da presente dissertação apontam não apenas para uma forte compatibilidade entre as cidades criativas e as políticas para o envelhecimento, mas igualmente para um terreno de relações ainda pouco explorado e com forte potencial.Two important phenomena will continue to influence the collective organization of humanity: Urbanization and demographic ageing. These realities have such a significant influence that it is practically impossible to plan and to think about the future without taking the changes they represent into account. With the recognition of creativity‘s importance for development, we can se the spread of concepts and policies that are aiming to promote creativity in cities; the creative cities. Our objective is to evaluate the policies of creative cities, with a focus on the challenges that demographic ageing represent. The preliminary results that are presented in this dissertation suggest not only that there is a strong compatibility between creative cities and ageing, but also that these relations are still relatively under-explored and with a strong potential.
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Caldeira, Ryan. „Urban ageing: the social inclusion of senior citizens“. Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/13103.
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“Old age can be a time when the reasons for living seem uncertain. Prospects for
future fulfi lment, even enjoyment, seem remote, not just on the basis of how older
people view their condition, but also from dominant social ideas about the inevitability
of future decline.” (Scrutton: 1989, p161)
Most fi nancially independent senior citizens will relocate from a family home to a
retirement village as the pressures of daily activities become diffi cult to achieve without
help. A retirement village is an environment that allows the elderly access to quality
health care and assistance with daily activities. Retirement villages offer security to the
residents, generally as walled off estates, paroled by security guards. Although these
estates offer the solution to the concerns of growing old, health care and security of
self and belonging, these estates isolate residents form the general public and limit
access to public facilities. The community established within the village is amongst
people of the same age group and many residents feel that this interaction is not as
positive as expected. Many residents are constantly looking for activities outside the
walls of the retirement village and often feel confi ned within the village itself. There is
a need for social interaction, purpose and identity.
This thesis aims to fi nd an appropriate architectural solution for re-integrating the
elderly into contemporary society by pursuing an architecture of social integration.
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Di, Nocera Dario. „Multi-agent automated negotiation for management of services in smart cities“. Tesi di dottorato, 2015. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/10452/1/DiNoceraTesi.pdf.
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The objective of this PhD thesis is the study, the design and the prototype implementation of an agent-based automated negotiation mechanism to support the development of smart Service Based Applications having as a reference scenario the smart cities of the future intended as a realistic market of services. this research shows that the use of the multi-agent paradigm and of automated negotiation for Service Based Applications in the context of Smart Cities is a approach that: allows to model a "smart" behaviour for the providers of SBAs; makes it possible the automate the composition of services based on specific user requirements of QoS, taking into account the variability of a market of services; allows the management of conflicting interests among providers and users of services in applications of Smart Mobility.
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Kiran, Mariam. „Modelling Cities as a collection of TeraSystems - Computational challenges in Multi-Agent Approach“. 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9056.
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YesAgent-based modeling techniques are ideal for modeling massive complex systems such as insect colonies or biological cellular systems and even cities. However these models themselves are extremely complex to code, test, simulate and analyze. This paper discusses the challenges in using agent-based models to model complete cities as a complex system. In this paper we argue that Cities are actually a collection of various complex models which are themselves massive multiple systems, each of millions of agents, working together to form one system consisting of an order of a billion agents of different types - such as people, communities and technologies interacting together. Because of the agent numbers and complexity challenges, the present day hardware architectures are unable to cope with the simulations and processing of these models. To accommodate these issues, this paper proposes a Tera (to denote the order of millions)-modeling framework, which utilizes current technologies of Cloud computing and Big data processing, for modeling a city, by allowing infinite resources and complex interactions. This paper also lays the case for bringing together research communities for interdisciplinary research to build a complete reliable model of a city.
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Wang, Yu-chih, und 王昱智. „Reconstruction of Spatial Garbage Can Model by Agent-based Modeling: Self-organization and Cities“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84550584322880167594.
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碩士國立成功大學
都市計劃學系碩博士班
97
Since the rise of Complex Science has emerged the new paradigm of urban evolution. Compared with the traditional mathematical model, exploring the urban development with complexity theory can help us to understand more fully how cities work, such as the handling of different types of agents and the characteristics of limited rationality. In recent research Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) has been attended to gradually in social sciences. ABM is similar to Cellular Automata (CA), but it is more effective in modeling the real world of urban development. Nevertheless, ABM has been limited in that little research mentions intangible entities. Spatial Garbage Can Model (SGCM) is a conceptual model to explore urban development. This research intends to reconstruct Spatial Garbage Can Model through Agent-based Modeling , and incorporate adaptability and irreversibility, by viewing SGCM as an artificial society and testing this system in terms of self-organization, as well as finding out institutional and spatial emergence which influence urban development processes. The results showed that the system did not self-organize, that institutional structures were more efficient in problem-solving than spatial structures, and that the characteristics of elf-organization of spatial structures were more significant than institutional structures. In addition, the interactions between spatial and institutional structures were significant. The implication is that we should focus on making plans for urban development, rather than solely on spatial structures as traditionally practiced.
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Wu, Su-chin, und 吳素琴. „A Study of the Effects of Social Support, Leisure Attitude, Leisure Participation on the Attitude of Active Ageing - the Senior Citizens of Kaohsiung as Examples“. Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k4cj57.
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碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
102
ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of the attitude toward active ageing upon the social support, leisure attitude and leisure participation of Kaohsiung senior residents above the age of 65. To comprehend the differences between the urban districts and rural areas, the study took the senior residents living in Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County, which have been combined to become one and no longer existed. A purposive sampling was applied to gather question- naires. There were 480 distributed in total, and 414 samples were valid for further statistical analysis within SPSS18.0. The main findings were concluded as following: 1.The emotional dimensions among the three types of social support makes a significant difference between the senior residents living in different residence of Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County. Furthermore, the senior residents in Kaohsiung County obtain more emotional social support than those in Kaohsiung City do. 2.There’s no significant differences on the attitude toward the active ageing of the senior residents both in Kaohsiung City and County. 3.The senior residents in Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County, with three types out of six leisure participation, recreation types, knowledge types and social types, are significant different. Further- more, the participation in the social type activities of Kaohsiung County senior residents is more active than that in Kaohsiung City. Otherwise, the participation in the activities of recreation types and knowledge types, Kaohsiung City senior residents participate more actively than that in Kaohsiung County. 4.The dimension of social participation out of the 5 attitudes toward active ageing makes a significant difference between the senior residents in Kaohsiung City and Kaohsiung County. Furthermore, the senior residents in Kaohsiung County participate in more social affairs than in Kaohsiung City. 5.Under the premise of controlling the residence, there is a significant prediction among social support, leisure attitude and leisure participation toward the attitude of active ageing. The results are used as a basis to provide concrete suggestions as references for the institutes concerned and the seniors themselves. Key words: Urban-rural Gap, The Seniors, Social Support, Leisure Attitude, Leisure Participation, Active ageing Attitude
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SOUKUPOVÁ, Hana. „Prevence poranění v souvislosti s pády obyvatel Domova pro seniory“. Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200564.
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The diploma thesis is structured into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part consists of four chapters. The empirical part of the diploma thesis is based on qualitative research. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews with the senior citizens and the nurses. The replies were processed into clearly arranged charts and categories with brief descriptions. Another research method applied was observation. The interviews were followed by a detailed analysis of the documentation, which involved the analysis of the medical records of the senior citizens with a focus on medical diagnosis, chronic medication, and processing of the fall risk and its evaluation. The diploma thesis pursued three objectives by means of four related research questions. The first objective was to ascertain the extent of the clients' awareness of fall risks. The second objective was to assess the discomfort associated with usage of the special device preventing hip joint injuries resulting from falls during common everyday activities of the senior citizens. Finally, the third objective was to obtain the opinions of the healthcare staff on working with clients wearing special devices preventing the hip joint injuries. Four research questions were formulated in connection with these three objectives. Research question No. 1: What is the quality of information provided by the healthcare staff as part of the preventive intervention regarding the falls? Research question No. 2: How willing are the clients to accept changes contributing to fall prevention? Research question No. 3: To what extent is the comfort of the client affected by using special devices preventing fall-related hip joint injuries? Research question No. 4: To what extent is the work of the healthcare staff affected if their clients use devices preventing fall-related hip joint injuries? The results of the qualitative research suggest that the extent of information provided by the healthcare staff as part of the preventive intervention regarding the falls is insufficient in terms of awareness of the risky places. In particular, the research revealed that the nurses fail to sufficiently monitor the effects of chronic medication which may contribute to psycho-motor inhibition of the senior clients. As far as mobility aids are concerned, the nurses offer these devices sufficiently. The nurses demonstrated very good knowledge of all the mobility aids which may facilitate self-reliance of the senior clients. Another problematic issue is the safety of the rooms, particularly in terms of various protrusions and unevenness in the bathrooms. The results of the research do not show any unwillingness of the clients to accept changes contributing to fall prevention. Nevertheless, two of the respondents failed to engage in the activities and maintain physical fitness by regular exercise in the Retirement House. Furthermore, the results do not show any limitation of the clients' comfort resulting from using special devices preventing fall-related hip joint injuries. Finally, according to the research the healthcare staff does not feel restricted in any way when working with senior clients using such device. The results of the research will be used for repeated meetings with the senior clients and particularly with the nurses. The management of the Retirement House, together with the healthcare staff, are working on a new educational material which would indicate risky places with increased probability of falls. These results could be beneficial also for other facilities where healthcare staff takes care of senior citizens. Last but not least, the results are of interest also to the health insurance companies which could provide this special device with at least partial subsidy as part of the primary prevention programme.
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Gendall, Kierryn Leigh. „Agathis bishopi (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: braconidae) : its biology and usefulness as a biological control agent for false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: tortricidae), on citrus /“. 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1159/.
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Pires, Filipe Miguel Pereira. „Universidades Seniores : a qualidade de vida e o envelhecimento ativo nas universidades seniores do distrito de Portalegre“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/8460.
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A escolha deste tema está diretamente ligado com a minha prática e experiência profissional, visto já há alguns anos trabalhar com este tipo de instituições. Deste modo, a presente investigação procura levar-me a refletir acerca da importância que as Universidades Seniores têm na vida dos seus alunos, e por consequente na sua qualidade de vida e envelhecimento ativo. Assim sendo, este trabalho foi dividido em três partes: Numa primeira parte, denominada “Enquadramento teórico”, foram revistas algumas conceptualizações teóricas acerca da terceira idade e envelhecimento, aprofundando os conceitos de envelhecimento ativo e qualidade de vida. Na segunda parte, designada por “As Universidades Seniores ou da Terceira Idade”, procurou-se fazer uma incursão histórica acerca destas instituições, bem como o seu modo de funcionamento e as respostas socioeducativas que possuem. Numa última parte desta investigação, apresenta-se um estudo empírico, que busca compreender a relação e impacto que as Universidades Seniores têm na vida dos seus alunos, bem como o contributo para um envelhecimento e estilo de vida ativo. Apresento no final uma proposta de intervenção que visa unir esforços das Universidades Seniores do distrito de Portalegre, em prol do trabalho em rede e parceria, promovendo o envelhecimento ativo e a qualidade de vida dos seus alunos. Em resumo, pude concluir que as Universidades Seniores são um contributo bastante importante na vida dos seus alunos, combatendo o isolamento e a monotonia através das atividades de vários tipos, sendo unânime o objetivo de promoção de um estilo de vida ativo.The choice of this particular theme is directly linked to my practice and professional experience, as I have been working with this type of institutions for some time now. The present investigation has the aim to reflect about the importance of the Senior Citizens Universities in the lives of their students, and therefore in their quality of life and active ageing. This work was divided in three parts: The first part is the “theoretical Background”, and for that part, some theoretical ideas about ageing and Third Age were reviewed, trying to deepen concepts like Active Ageing and Quality of Life. In the second part, “Senior Citizens or Third Age Universities”, the goal was to make an historical research about these institutions, and their way of functioning and the socio-educative answers, they provide. In the last part of this investigation, an empirical study is presented, trying to understand the relationship and impact that Senior Citizens Universities have in the life of their students, as well as the contributions they make for an active ageing and lifestyle. Finally, I present an Intervention proposal that aims to unite the efforts of all the Senior Citizens Universities of the district of Portalegre, for the benefit of a partnership network promoting Active Ageing and the Quality of Life of their students. In short, I was able to conclude that Senior Citizens Universities have a major contribution in the life of their students, combating isolation and monotony through activities of various kinds, the objective of promoting an active lifestyle being unanimous.
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MRÁZOVÁ, Ivana. „Zhodnocení kvality pečovatelské služby z pohledu uživatelů“. Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52871.
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The paper examines the quality of domiciliary services as seen by their recipients - senior citizens. The paper consists of two parts. The first one defines the main notions {--} old age and ageing, demographic changes in society, social services goals, domiciliary services, importace of ethical norms for social workers and people in direct contact with elderly people, vulnerability of people doing some auxiliary jobs and mobilizing activities for senior citizens. The second part consists of the research carried out among the recepients of domiciliary services, its analysis, data evaluation and comparison of senior citizen´s and their home nurses´ view.
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(11454169), Cristina M. Caperchione. „Utilising group process strategies for promoting physical activity in older adults“. Thesis, 2005. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Utilising_group_process_strategies_for_promoting_physical_activity_in_older_adults/21377901.
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Considerable evidence has revealed that particular lifestyle behaviours, such as engaging in regular physical activity, play a beneficial role in preventing and reducing the prevalence of chronic disease and illness in older adults (Singh, 2002; Taylor et al., 2004). With this in mind, the focus of this research was to investigate the effects of a novel group-oriented intervention (study 1) and determine if this novel approach could act as a mechanism for physical activity behavioural change in an older adult population (study 2).
Study One included a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) which compared a standard group intervention to an enhanced group intervention focusing on elements of group theory, with respect to effects on physical activity behaviour. Results revealed no significant differences between the two intervention groups however, many of the outcome measures indicated significant changes across time for both groups. Although the intervention was successful in increasing physical activity, there was no apparent effect shown by the theory-based approach aimed at enhancing group cohesion.
Thus, the purpose of Study Two was to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms by which psychological based theories of group development and group process affect the physical activity behaviours of older adults. Analyses revealed that the direct measures of attitude and perceived behavioural control acted as mediating mechanisms between selected concepts of group cohesion and physical activity intention however, subjective norm failed to mediate this relationship. The mediating relationship that was displayed provides insight into potential mechanisms by which group cohesion may affect behaviour.
Although the insights gained from study one and two have contributed to areas of health promotion and health and exercise psychology, further research considering the relationship between group theory research and physical activity behaviour is recommended.
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Ubisi, Salphinah Vuloyimuni. „Provision of adequate housing through cooperative government and intergorvernmental relations : the case of Bushbuckridge Local Municipality (BLM)“. Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23616.
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South Africa adopted the democratic decentralisation governance model in 1994 with the aim of improving, inter alia, service delivery. The adoption of this model resulted in the establishment of three spheres of government, namely, national, provincial and local. These three government spheres are distinctive, interdependent, interrelated and autonomous. Power and responsibilities are devolved from the national to the provincial and then to the local government spheres. Cooperative government and intergovernmental relations structures in the three spheres of government were established in order to improve service delivery and to assist in the execution of the devolved powers. However, the results of this study revealed that the structures which had been established were not effective in addressing the housing challenges facing the Bushbuckridge Local Municipality (BLM). The results also revealed that each government sphere executed its housing mandatory responsibilities only when a housing project was launched or implemented in the BLM. During housing project implementation, the BLM was responsible for evaluation, the Mpumalanga Provincial Department of Human Settlements (MPDHS) was responsible for contracting a housing service provider and for payments while the National Department of Human Settlements (NDHS) was responsible for quality of the houses and compliance to national housing standards. In addition, the BLM had an inspection unit and the NDHS was supposed to work closely with the National Home Builders Registration Council (NHBRC). However, the houses provided had defects ranging from cracked walls and floors, leaking roofs, leaking pipes to fading paint. The main role of the NHBRC is to check the quality or adequacy of public houses before they are allocated to the targeted beneficiaries.Public Administration
D. Admin. (Public Administration)