Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Ageing cities“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Ageing cities"
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Poruthiyil, Prabhir Vishnu, und Uttara Purandare. „Reorienting vitality for ageing cities“. Cities 137 (Juni 2023): 104268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104268.
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Phillipson, Chris, und Amanda Grenier. „Urbanization and Ageing: Ageism, Inequality, and the Future of “Age-Friendly” Cities“. University of Toronto Quarterly 90, Nr. 2 (Juni 2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.90.2.11.
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Two major forces are set to shape the quality of daily life in the twenty- first century: population ageing and urbanization. Both have become major concerns for public policy, with significant implications for all types of communities. Cities are now regarded as central to economic development, attracting waves of migrants and supporting new knowledge-based industries. However, the extent to which the new “urban age” will produce what the World Health Organization have termed “age-friendly” cities and communities, creating opportunities for older people as well as strengthening ties across different age and social groups, remains uncertain. This article examines the relationship between ageing and urbanization through the application of the concept of ageism. It argues that urban development, especially that operating over the course of the 2000s and 2010s, has both consolidated and introduced new inequalities in the lives of older people. This is examined in three main ways: first, in the context of research on urbanization and the field of urban sociology in particular; second, through examining a range of examples where ageism may be said to operate within the urban environment; and third, outlining the basis for promoting an “anti-ageist urbanism” focused upon challenging inequality and spatial injustice.
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Kolotouchkina, Olga, Monica Viñarás-Abad und Luis Mañas-Viniegra. „Digital Ageism: Emerging Challenges and Best Practices of Age-Friendly Digital Urban Governance“. Media and Communication 11, Nr. 3 (18.07.2023): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i3.6711.
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The ageing of urban populations poses serious challenges for policymakers and urban planners alike. While the number of people over 65 is increasing in urban areas, the digital transition in cities raises concerns about the persisting digital divide facing older citizens, as well as the digital inequality and ageism inherent to most digital domains. As ageing in place and place attachment play a significant role in the social engagement and well-being of older people, the purpose of this research is to shed light on the novel approaches taken by local governments to foster active participation among senior residents in the digital public sphere. Using semi-structured interviews with public officials from three age-friendly cities in Spain, we have explored innovative urban projects for digital inclusion, active ageing, and autonomy for older people. The findings of the study reveal the importance of coordinated multi-stakeholder initiatives in promoting digital literacy and overcoming barriers rooted in ageism in the digital world. True representation of older people in local governments, the promotion of co-creation initiatives led by seniors, and the standardisation of universal design and accessibility are some of the key contributions made by Spanish cities in their transition toward places that are digitally inclusive and age-friendly.
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Beard, John R., und Charles Petitot. „Ageing and Urbanization: Can Cities be Designed to Foster Active Ageing?“ Public Health Reviews 32, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2010): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03391610.
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van Hoof, Joost, Jan Kazak, Jolanta Perek-Białas und Sebastiaan Peek. „The Challenges of Urban Ageing: Making Cities Age-Friendly in Europe“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, Nr. 11 (05.11.2018): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112473.
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Urban ageing is an emerging domain that deals with the population of older people living in cities. The ageing of society is a positive yet challenging phenomenon, as population ageing and urbanisation are the culmination of successful human development. One could argue whether the city environment is an ideal place for people to grow old and live at an old age compared to rural areas. This viewpoint article explores and describes the challenges that are encountered when making cities age-friendly in Europe. Such challenges include the creation of inclusive neighbourhoods and the implementation of technology for ageing-in-place. Examples from projects in two age-friendly cities in The Netherlands (The Hague) and Poland (Cracow) are shown to illustrate the potential of making cities more tuned to the needs of older people and identify important challenges for the next couple of years. Overall, the global ageing of urban populations calls for more age-friendly approaches to be implemented in our cities. It is a challenge to prepare for these developments in such a way that both current and future generations of older people can benefit from age-friendly strategies.
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Bani, Ibrahim Ahmed. „Promoting healthy aging in cities“. International Journal of Growth and Development 1, Nr. 1 (07.12.2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/ijgd.2017.v1i1.5.
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Introduction: At a time of unpredictable challenges for health, whether from a changing climate, emerging infectious diseases, or the next microbe that develops drug resistance, one trend is certain: the ageing of populations is rapidly accelerating worldwide. For the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their 60s and beyond. The consequences for health, health systems, their workforce and budgets are profound. A healthy city is one that is continually creating and improving those physical and social environments and expanding those community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential. Aim: This presentation focuses on the city as a setting for health promotion and on the role of healthy city projects in promoting healthy aging. Methodology: The main approach of this study is to provide a review of previous research about successful and healthy ageing that have been utilized by many countries in their policy responses towards the demographic changes brought about by ageing. Results: These will be illustrated in this paper through case studies. Conclusion: In the context of the healthy city programs, various activities to promote the health of older citizens have been carried out.
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Black, Deborah, Kate O'Loughlin, Hal Kendig und Leigh Wilson. „Cities, environmental stressors, ageing and chronic disease“. Australasian Journal on Ageing 31, Nr. 3 (25.07.2011): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2011.00552.x.
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Bridge, Catherine. „Cities, environmental stressors, ageing and chronic disease“. Australasian Journal on Ageing 31, Nr. 3 (September 2012): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2012.00628.x.
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Wasilewska, Ewa. „Starość demograficzna obszarów wiejskich i jej zróżnicowanie“. Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 104, Nr. 3 (18.12.2017): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2017.104.3.23.
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The aim of this paper was denominating of the spatial diversity of the level of demographic ageing and the dynamics of the ageing process of population in the rural areas against the background of this process in cities in Poland. The investigations were conducted for the period of 2000 to 2015. Old age demographic measures were used in static and dynamic terms. There was a considerable variation in the demographic ageing and ageing of the population in the spatial system and in the city-countryside cross-section. A lower level of demographic ageing and a lower dynamics of this process have been observed in rural areas than in cities.
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Phillipson, C., und T. Buffel. „CAN GLOBAL CITIES BE AGE-FRIENDLY CITIES? URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND AGEING POPULATIONS“. Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (30.06.2017): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2690.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Ageing cities"
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Makore, Busisiwe Chikomborero Ncube. „Ageing in urban spaces : developing inclusive urban environments for older people in Global South cities“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46703/.
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In the Global South, older persons are often living in poverty and informality and have increased biological, socio-economic and physical vulnerabilities. Responses to the challenges of urbanism have resulted in increasing numbers of older people living in spaces of socio-spatial inequality. Despite the growing stream of literature in the development of inclusive and resilient urban areas in the Global South, there has been relatively little discussion of urban development in an ageing context. This research seeks to address this gap by asking two main questions. How does the physical and social urban environment impact older people? And, how can inclusive urban environments for older people be achieved in global South cities? Research was conducted in two selected case studies of informal areas in Harare, Zimbabwe. A qualitative method of data collection was adopted with semi-structured interviewing, informal conversations with key informants and older persons, spatial sketch mapping and the collection and analysis of key documents. Additional discourse analysis, participant observation and key informant interviews were conducted in Manchester, United Kingdom to explore how Global North cities can be developed with and for older people. The primary contribution of this study to the discourse and practice on inclusive urbanism and ageing in the Global South is a conceptual framework offering interdependent thematic areas that explain the urban concepts that influence the lives of older people. Additionally, this research extends the current literature on ageing, urbanism and informality by exploring the relationship between the social and spatial fabric of informal communities and the lives of older people. The rights based approach is discussed together with a focus on the gendered experience of ageing. Importantly, the findings presented in this thesis contribute to dominant paradigms of vulnerability and contribution by foregrounding the spatial agency of older people and the existing strategies employed in the production of the city.
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AVENTO, NAMI. „Independent Living in Age-Friendly Cities: Study on Dyads of Elderly Pedestrians Walking Dynamics“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/96080.
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The present thesis has, as one of its main goals, the objective to introduce the phenomenon of Ageing Society, particularly focusing on the theme of elderly population mobility in urban environment. The originality of this thesis comes from the study of elderly dyads walking dynamics in urban settings and senior citizens' perception about the neighbourhood they live in, in terms of safety and walkable conditions. The final purpose is to demonstrate, through the analysis of institutional and scientific literature, with the help of qualitative and quantitative data collection tools, how the quality of life in older years is related to the maintenance of physical and social activities outdoor, and to infrastructure and services supporting walking mobility.
After the introduction to the theme Ageing Society (Chapter 1), the first part of the thesis (Chapters 2-3-4) discusses the importance of the concept of Independent Living as a new lifestyle for senior persons, and investigates the meaning of Walkability, the measure of walking condition, and of living conditions in general, in a definite area. These concepts can be associated to the word Age-Friendly City, which not only refers to a city attentive to citizen's needs but to every age, a city that is inclusive and aware of the wellbeing of its inhabitants. Moreover, we cannot ignore the important role that technology plays in elderly assistance and to the improvement of the quality of life. In particular, nowadays technology can make domestic living more comfortable, avoiding institutionalisation. Data collected through the administration of a long questionnaire "The perception of longevity", aiming at investigating the perception of the population regarding themes such as seniority and assistive technology, are presented in this section. Data indicates that older persons are perceived as autonomous in their daily activities and full of resources, confirming the necessity to promote an active and independent lifestyle through an increased social participation and the preservation of interpersonal relationships, also with the use of new technological solutions. The second part of the dissertation introduces the definition of "dyad of pedestrian" and an overview of the literature having as objectives pedestrian characteristics in dynamic contexts, in particular: interpersonal distance during locomotion, patterns of small groups in a crowd, elderly pedestrians exposed to environmental complexity (Chapters 5-6). The third part of the thesis (Chapters 7-8) presents two study cases: in vivo observation in Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan for data collection and analysis concerning pedestrian dynamics, and the administration of short questionnaires in Via Padova in Milan, with the aim of acquiring the experience of elderly people living in the neighbourhood and the conditions of walkability and safety. The results highlight important insights related to the walking behaviour of older people in terms of speed, direction, trajectory, cohesion and about dyads of pedestrians in a complex environment such as a non-signalised street crossing. Conclusion, future works and bibliography constitute the closing part of the thesis (Chapters 9-10).
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Glita, Ivan. „Les villes françaises en décroissance dans le temps long (1968-2017) : une typologie des trajectoires en fonction des composantes démographiques, des spécialisations économiques et de la diversité des contextes territoriaux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H068.
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En France, les villes en décroissance suscitent un intérêt grandissant parce qu’elles seraient plus nombreuses depuis au moins une décennie. Face à la diversité des définitions et des approches de la décroissance, nous identifions dans un premier temps les villes en décroissance à partir des trajectoires démographiques construites pour chacune des 3097 agglomérations françaises présentes à au moins une date entre 1962 et 2017. Les résultats montrent qu’un tiers des agglomérations sont concernées par la décroissance, à des périodes et selon des temporalités différentes. Notamment, outre le bond spectaculaire du nombre de villes en décroissance dans les années 1970-1980, consécutif aux crises industrielles et à l’essor de la périurbanisation, nous identifions un ensemble de 441 agglomérations en décroissance récente (depuis 1999). Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux principaux ressorts de la décroissance en analysant tour à tour les composantes démographiques (soldes migratoires et naturels, structure par âge), les profils économiques (évolution de l’emploi, présence de spécialisations économiques industrielles ou tertiaires) et les contextes territoriaux (évolution des couronnes périurbaines et bassins de vie entourant les agglomérations en décroissance, notamment à partir des migrations résidentielles, type de contexte territorial, plus ou moins métropolitain, plus ou moins rural, dans un rayon de deux heures de routes à partir de l’agglomération en décroissance). Finalement, nous réalisons une typologie des unités urbaines en décroissance en France où se distinguent cinq profils majeursRecent studies in France reveal an increasing number of shrinking cities for at least a decade. There is a growing interest in those cities. Because of the diversity of definitions of urban shrinkage, we first identify shrinking cities by formalizing population movements for each of the 3,097 French urban units between 1962 and 2017. The results show that one-third of the agglomerations are affected by population loss, at different periods. In particular, in addition to the spectacular growth in number of shrinking cities during the 1970s and 1980s, following industrial crises and the rise of peri-urbanization, we identify a set of 441 agglomerations experiencing recent decline (since 1999). We then focus on the main factors of urban decline by analyzing three components of urban shrinkage. To show the demographic components of urban shrinkage we focus on the age structure, and on migration and natural balances. We analyze economic profiles with a database of employment trends and of economic specializations. Territorial contexts are also studied through the population evolution of areas surrounding shrinking urban units (changes in peri-urban areas and life basins) and with an urban-rural typology of territorial context (defining if an area is more or less metropolitan, more or less rural, within a two-hour radius from the declining agglomeration). Finally, we create a typology of declining urban units in France, distinguishing five major profiles
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Elfström, Elin. „Stadsplanering för en åldrande befolkning : En fallstudie av Ulleråkersprojektet i Uppsala“. Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215343.
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Äldreperspektivet i stadsplaneringen är ett nästintill outforskat område i Sverige. Samtidigt står vi i Sverige, precis som i många andra länder, inför stora demografiska utmaningar kopplade till den snabbt åldrande befolkningen. Där stadsplanering med ett äldreperspektiv identifierats som en i raden av insatser som krävs för att möta de utmaningar som en åldrande befolkning för med sig. I den här studien har äldrevänlig stadsplanering undersökts utifrån en fallstudie av stadsutvecklingsprojektet Ulleråker i Uppsala kommun. En kommun som sommaren 2016 gick med i Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO:s) globala nätverk för åldersvänliga städer och samhällen, och därmed precis påbörjat sin resa mot att bli en mer äldrevänlig stad. Då äldreperspektivet är ett nytt fenomen i svensk stadsplanering, saknas kunskapen om vad kommunen bör göra för att tillgodose ett sådant perspektiv, vilket utgjort utgångspunkten för denna studie. Studiens syfte har på så sätt varit att bidra med ökade kunskaper om innebörden av äldrevänlig planering, och hur Uppsala kommun skulle kunna utveckla sitt arbete för att på ett bättre sätt tillgodose ett äldreperspektiv. Materialet som legat till grund för fallstudien baseras på dokumentstudier av styrdokument och planhandlingar, samt intervjuer med aktörer som är involverade i stadsplaneringen utifrån ett äldreperspektiv i Uppsala. I studien identifieras en rad faktorer som inom forskningsvärlden framhävts som betydelsefulla vid planeringen av en äldrevänlig stad. Och resultatet från fallstudien tyder på att kommunen, trots att de inte uttalat arbetar med ett äldreperspektiv i stadsplaneringen idag, indirekt tillgodoser vissa delar av äldreperspektivet i sin planering. Samtidigt identifieras i studien en rad förbättringsområden. Bland annat att synen på äldreperspektivet bör tydliggöras och breddas, samt att kommunen bör anta en gemensam målsättning för äldreperspektivet. Likaså föreslås att hanteringen av äldreperspektivet bör ses över, för att förtydliga vilka delar av den kommunala organisationen som ska vara ansvarig för att uppfylla vilka delar av äldreperspektivet. Fallstudien pekar även på att frågan om äldres boende bör lyftas tidigare i planeringsprocessen än vad som görs idag. Slutresultatet från studien, indikerar att ökad kunskap om äldreperspektivet bidrar till att öka medvetenheten om vilka vi planerar för och hur äldre påverkas av olika beslut gällande stadsmiljön, vilket kan ses som en förutsättning för ett medvetet och hållbart samhällsbyggande.The elderly perspective is currently missing in urban planning in Sweden. At the same time, Sweden and many other countries are facing demographic challenges in terms of an ageing population. However, the integration of an elderly perspective into the planning process of cities can be considered as one of a number of efforts to meet these challenges. In this study, an elderly-friendly planning approach has been investigated through a case study of the urban development project Ulleråker in Uppsala, Sweden. In 2016, Uppsala municipality became a member of the WHO global network for age-friendly cities and communities. Hence, the municipality of Uppsala has just begun its journey towards becoming an elderly-friendly city. Since the elderly perspective is a comparatively new phenomenon in the planning agenda in Sweden, the municipality lacks the knowledge needed to cater for such a perspective. With this as a starting point, the purpose of this study is to advance knowledge of elderly-friendly planning, as well as identify ways in which Uppsala municipality could improve their planning procedures to better meet the needs of the elderly in the urban environment. The case study is based on document reviews of regulatory and planning documents linked to the development project of Ulleråker. In addition, five in-depth interviews have been carried out with actors involved in the planning process from an elderly perspective in Uppsala. The study identifies a number of factors of importance in creating an elderly-friendly urban environment. On the one hand, the result of the case study indicates that the municipality does not explicitly consider an elderly perspective in the municipal planning process. On the other hand, the same case study reveals that an elderly perspective is considered indirectly to some extent. Furthermore, the study highlights a number of areas of improvement in order to strengthen the elderly perspective in Uppsala. For instance, it is suggested that the municipality should broaden its view of the needs of older people in urban environments. In addition, the municipality’s handling of the issue should be reviewed to determine the extent to which different parts of the municipal organisation should be responsible for ensuring different factors in creating an elderly-friendly urban environment. Moreover, the case study also suggests that the dwelling issue of elderly people should be considered at an earlier stage in the planning process compared to what is done today. The conclusion indicates that increased knowledge about the elderly perspective in urban planning may raise the awareness of who we plan for, and how older people are affected by different decisions concerning the urban environment. Which can be understood as a precondition for sustainable development.
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Gon?alves, Anderson. „Envelhecimento Populacional e Sustentabilidade: novos desafios para prote??o social em Campinas (SP) p?s 1990“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2018. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1050.
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The aim of this dissertation is to apply the concept of sustainability in the analysis of social protection addressed to the elderly in the Municipality of Campinas. The aging of the Brazilian population is influencing different studies about social protection and providing arguments pro-reform of the Brazilian State, especially a reform in the Social Security System. It is a relevant national issue but population aging also imposes different challenges for sustainable development at the local level. To study this problem, it is necessary to rescue the concept of sustainability from the economic arguments, bringing social protection as an inherent right of the elderly citizen into the discussion. To do so, sustainability must be recognized as an intrinsic "value" to the social dimension, along with the economic and environmental dimensions. The study starts with a literature review on sustainability, from the one-dimensional view of the economic development to sustainable development in its multiple dimensions. Then, the study focuses on the relationship between population aging and conquest of rights, specifically, comparing the demographic data of Brazil, S?o Paulo State and the Municipality of Campinas, and describing the evolution of the legal framework aimed to the elderly in Brazil. Finally, an analysis of the social assistance services and benefits directed to the elderly population of Campinas is presented, as well as the interaction between national and local legislation. This qualitative and quantitative analysis highlights the incompatibility between the criterion of sustainable development in the social dimension and the social protection for the elderly in Campinas. The documentary research and analysis were benefited from the works published by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), the Funda??o Sistema Estadual de An?lise de Dados (SEADE), the N?cleo de Estudos de Popula??o da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NEPO-UNICAMP) and from the Instituto de Pesquisa Econ?mica Aplicada (IPEA). The analysis of the social assistance services and benefits was possible thanks to the annual report of the social assistance department of Campinas and to the data from the Ministry of Social Development (MDS).
Esta disserta??o visa aplicar o conceito de sustentabilidade na an?lise da prote??o social dirigida aos idosos no Munic?pio de Campinas. O envelhecimento da popula??o brasileira tem influenciado diferentes estudos acerca da seguridade social e instrumentalizado argumentos pr?-reforma do Estado brasileiro, em especial, a reforma no Sistema de Seguridade Social. N?o obstante a relev?ncia desse tema no ?mbito nacional, o envelhecimento populacional imp?e diferentes desafios para o desenvolvimento sustent?vel tamb?m na esfera local. Diante desta problem?tica, torna-se necess?rio resgatar o conceito de sustentabilidade dos argumentos puramente econ?micos, trazendo a prote??o social como direito inerente ao cidad?o idoso. Para tanto, a sustentabilidade precisa ser reconhecida como um ?valor? intr?nseco ? dimens?o social, equilibrando a rela??o desta dimens?o com as dimens?es econ?mica e ambiental. O estudo abarca uma revis?o bibliogr?fica acerca da sustentabilidade, partindo do desenvolvimento estritamente econ?mico at? o desenvolvimento sustent?vel nas suas m?ltiplas dimens?es. Inclui tamb?m uma an?lise da rela??o entre envelhecimento populacional e conquista de direitos sociais, comparando os dados demogr?ficos do Brasil, do Estado de S?o Paulo e do Munic?pio de Campinas e descrevendo a trajet?ria da legisla??o pertinente ao idoso no Brasil. Por fim, apresenta-se uma an?lise dos servi?os e benef?cios socioassistenciais voltados ? popula??o idosa de Campinas, observando tamb?m as interela??es entre as legisla??es nacional e municipal. Atrav?s da an?lise qualitativa e quantitativa ficou evidente a incompatibilidade entre o crit?rio de desenvolvimento sustent?vel na dimens?o social e a prote??o social realizada aos idosos em Campinas. A pesquisa e a an?lise documental foram beneficiadas pelas publica??es do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE), da Funda??o Sistema Estadual de An?lise de Dados (SEADE), do N?cleo de Estudos de Popula??o da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (NEPO-UNICAMP) e do Instituto de Pesquisa Econ?mica Aplicada (IPEA). A an?lise dos servi?os e benef?cios socioassistenciais se deu a partir dos relat?rios de execu??o anual da pol?tica de assist?ncia social em Campinas e pelos dados do Minist?rio do Desenvolvimento Social (MDS).
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Jusko, Ján. „Chatbot pro Smart Cities“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403204.
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The aim of this work is to simplify access to information for citizens of the city of Brno and at the same time to innovate the way of communication between the citizen and his city. The problem is solved by creating a conversational agent - chatbot Kroko. Using artificial intelligence and a Czech language analyzer, the agent is able to understand and respond to a certain set of textual, natural language queries. The agent is available on the Messenger platform and has a knowledge base that includes data provided by the city council. After conducting an extensive user testing on a total of 76 citizens of the city, it turned out that up to 97\% of respondents like the idea of a city-oriented chatbot and can imagine using it regularly. The main finding of this work is that the general public can easily adopt and effectively use a chatbot. The results of this work motivate further development of practical applications of conversational agents.
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REVELLINI, ROSARIA. „SMARTAGING. Quartieri "a misura di anziano". Uno strumento per la valutazione dell'age-friendliness“. Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/319746.
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Il numero crescente di persone con oltre 65 anni d’età e il processo di urbanizzazione sono due delle principali sfide che la città contemporanea deve affrontare con urgenza. Tali temi richiedono un ripensamento degli spazi pubblici per garantire salute e benessere e contribuire positivamente all’invecchiamento attivo.
Alla luce di ciò, nel 2007 la World Health Organization introduce il tema delle “città age-friendly”. Si tratta di città inclusive, in linea con gli obiettivi dell’Agenda 2030 e con i principi dell’Universal Design dal momento che esse supportano la vita delle persone indipendentemente da età, sesso, abilità.
Il presente lavoro identifica il quartiere come “scala urbana ottimale” per l’invecchiamento. Si tratta infatti del luogo in cui si svolge la vita quotidiana degli anziani e in cui, generalmente, ci si identifica come comunità. Qui le persone possono essere incoraggiate (o scoraggiate) a vivere lo spazio pubblico e mantenere le proprie abitudini qualora vi siano luoghi sicuri e ben costruiti.
Partendo dal caso di studio, il quartiere Santa Marta a Venezia, la ricerca si articola in più fasi di analisi tese a identificare le caratteristiche fisiche degli spazi pubblici del quartiere nonché a mappare le attività sociali che ivi si svolgono per comprendere in che modo agire al fine di migliorare l’esperienza urbana della popolazione più anziana.
Al contempo, sono stati analizzati gli strumenti per la valutazione dell’age-friendliness esistenti per comprenderne le criticità e studiati i principali neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools ponendo particolare attenzione ai criteri relativi alla sostenibilità sociale, vista come “acceleratore” di benessere urbano.
L’obiettivo principale della ricerca è quello di redigere un nuovo strumento per la valutazione dell’age-friendliness a scala di quartiere, che rappresenta l’output della ricerca dottorale. Esso, denominato SMARTAGING, consta di 3 sezioni (qualità dello spazio pubblico; trasporti e mobilità; servizi e comunità), 13 criteri e 40 indicatori attraverso i quali è possibile effettuare una valutazione – in termini percentuali – degli spazi pubblici del quartiere oggetto di analisi. Il protocollo proposto ha lo scopo di supportare amministrazioni, progettisti e stakeholder nella comprensione del fenomeno dell’invecchiamento all’interno delle città e indirizzare gli stessi verso politiche attive e scelte progettuali consapevoli per favorire ambienti più inclusivi e maggiormente “a misura di anziano”.The growing population over 65 years old and the process of urbanization are two of the major challenges that the contemporary city has to address urgently. These issues require rethinking public spaces to ensure health and wellbeing and stimulate active ageing. The theme of age-friendly cities (WHO, 2007a) emerges in this context; it’s about inclusive cities harmonised with the Agenda 2030 goals and the Universal Design principles since they support people’s lives regardless of age, gender, and abilities. These are the places where to grow old and fuel the desire of ageing in place. The present work identifies the neighbourhood as the “optimal urban scale” for ageing. It is the place of elderlies’ everyday life and is generally identified as a community. Here people are encouraged to go out and maintain their daily habits thanks to the existence of a safe and good public realm. Starting from the case study of the Santa Marta neighbourhood in Venice, the author has conducted a multi-phase analysis to investigate the quality of outdoor public spaces and which activities are played in these spaces to understand how the urban experience and the quality of life of the elderly can be improved. At the same time, both the good practices listed by the WHO for the achievement of age-friendly environments and some of the major neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools were studied, paying attention to the social dimension of sustainability seen as an “accelerator” of urban health and wellbeing. The main purpose of the research is to draft a new method of evaluation of the age-friendliness applicable to the neighbourhood scale. It is called SMARTAGING and it consists of 3 sections (quality of public space; transport and mobility; services and community), 13 criteria and 40 indicators, by which it is possible to rate neighbourhood’s public spaces. The proposed protocol aims to support administrations in understanding the ageing phenomena by directing active policies and design choices with an increasing focus on citizens and local and social issues to achieve real inclusiveness in urban spaces.
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VALLERO, ALESSIO. „Development of virtual cities models during emergencies“. Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2751273.
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Crooks, Andrew Thomas. „Experimenting with cities : utilizing agent-based models and GIS to explore urban dynamics“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497316.
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Barros, Joana Xavier. „Urban growth in Latin American cities : exploring urban dynamics through agent-based simulation“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446522/.
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The high rates of urban growth in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s produced rapid urbanisation and housing problems. Planning policies as well as the research community have approached urban growth as a static problem rather than as a spatial form that emerges from the urban development process and that is part of a constant dynamic process. This thesis focuses on a specific kind of urban growth that happens in Latin American cities, called 'peripherisation'. This is characterised by the formation of low-income residential areas in the peripheral ring of the city and a perpetuation of a dynamic core-periphery spatial pattern. The dynamics of growth and change in Latin American cities are explored using agent-based simulation. The objective is to increase the understanding of urban spatial phenomena in Latin American cities, which is essential to providing a basis for future planning actions and policies. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part presents an overview of urban growth and dynamics in Latin American cities, drawing on previous work on urbanisation in Latin American cities, spontaneous settlements and inner city dynamic processes. The second part focuses on the development of a simulation model based on the theoretical framework established in the first part. A brief review of the literature of automata models is presented, with particular reference to agent-based simulation for land-use dynamics. The Peripherisation Model is introduced, its computer implementation described, and sensitivity analysis tests reported. Simulation exercises were used to revisit assumptions about urbanisation issues in Latin American cities and investigate important aspects of growth and change in these cities. These exercises allowed the problem of urban growth in Latin American cities to be unfolded through their dynamics, relating these dynamics to urban morphology, and thus presenting a new and important perspective on the phenomenon.
Bücher zum Thema "Ageing cities"
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Europe's ageing cities. Wuppertal: Müller + Busmann, 2005.
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Ageing in Zambian cities. Roma, Lesotho: Institute of South African Studies, National University of Lesotho, 2006.
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Rodwin, Victor. The World Cities Project: An overview : United Nations Second World Assembly on Ageing, April 2002. New York: International Longevity Center-USA, 2002.
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Rodwin, Victor. The World Cities Project: Fact sheet : United Nations Second World Assembly on Ageing, April 2002. [New York]: International Longevity Center-USA, 2002.
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Cities and complexity: Understanding cities with cellular automata, agent-based models, and fractals. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2005.
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Batty, Michael. Cities and complexity: Understanding cities with cellular automata, agent-based models, and fractals. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2005.
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Yannick, Lintz, Nivière Marie-Dominique, Amandry Michel und Aboussouan Camille, Hrsg. Visions d'Orient: Des cités mésopotamiennes à la Jérusalem des croisés : la donation Camille Aboussouan. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2002.
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François, Theron, Hrsg. The development change agent: A micro-level approach to development. Pretoria: Van Schaik, 2008.
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Murav'ev, Dmitriy, Aleksandr Rahmangulov, Nikita Osincev, Sergey Kornilov und Aleksandr Cyganov. The system "seaport - "dry" port". ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816639.
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The monograph presents an approach to solving the problem of increasing the throughput and processing capacity of seaports in conditions of limiting their territorial dislocation and increasing the unevenness of external and internal cargo flows. The basis of the approach is the proposed system of the main parameters of the dry port and the methodology of simulation modeling of the functioning of the system "seaport - dry port". The material is illustrated with examples of the implementation of the developed approach, including model scenarios of multi-agent optimization of the parameters of the system under study. The proposed approach and the developed methodology can be used to justify management decisions on the balanced development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the regions hosting sea and dry ports.
It is intended for specialists of transport and logistics companies, engineering and technical workers engaged in solving problems in the field of logistics, supply chain management and transport infrastructure design. In addition, it is recommended to students in the following programs: postgraduate studies 23.06.01 "Land transport engineering and technology" (focus "Transport and transport-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, organization of production in transport") and 27.06.01 "Management in technical systems" (focus "Management of transportation processes"); master's degree 23.04.01 "Technology of transport processes" (profile "Organization of transportation and management in a single transport system"); bachelor's degree 38.03.02 "Management" (profile "Logistics") and 23.03.01 "Technology of transport processes".
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Ageing in Cities. OECD, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264231160-en.
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Chong, Keng Hua, und Mihye Cho. „Introduction“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 1–16. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-1.
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Cho, Mihye, und Keng Hua Chong. „Conclusion“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 205–11. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-10.
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Chong, Keng Hua. „Reclamation of urban voids and the return of the “kampung spirit” in Singapore’s public housing“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 19–46. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-2.
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Wong, Sweet Fun. „A case study in re-imagining healthy communities“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 47–60. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-3.
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Kang, Min Jay. „Regenerating public life for ageing communities through the choreography of place-ballets and the weaving of memory tapestries“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 63–92. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-4.
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Kim, Jiyoun, und Mihye Cho. „Fostering government–citizen collaboration and inter-generational cooperation“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 95–117. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-5.
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Kwok, Jackie Yan Chi. „Participatory action research“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 121–44. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-6.
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Wong, Robert Kin Ming, Crystal Man Chong Ho und Gwyneth Wing Lam Chan. „A participatory design experience with older people“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 145–58. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-7.
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Yao, Dong. „New prototype for ageing-in-place in megacities“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 161–82. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-8.
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Otsuki, Toshio. „Community design to prevent solitary death in super-aged Japan“. In Creative Ageing Cities, 185–204. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy; 26: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558684-9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Ageing cities"
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Vynohradova, Mariia. „AGEING IN CITIES: CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND CHALLENGES“. In GRUNDLAGEN DER MODERNEN WISSENSCHAFTLICHEN FORSCHUNG. European Scientific Platform, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-12.08.2022.01.
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Mirgorodskaya, Elena, und Olesya Guzenko. „Problems of Population Ageing in Large Cities“. In International Scientific Conference "Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Development of the Regional Economy: Response to Global Challenges" (CSSDRE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-18.2018.154.
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Bastardo, Rute, João Pavão und Nelson Rocha. „A Survey on Smart Cities and Ageing“. In 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011113500003188.
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Alam, M. S., M. Arifuzzaman und Y. Al-Malki. „Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of Ageing Infrastructures in Bahrain“. In 2nd Smart Cities Symposium (SCS 2019). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2019.0231.
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Liming, Bai, Alex Ishiwata Gavino, Pius Lee, Kim Jungyoon, Liu Na, Tan Hwee Pink Pi, Tan Hwee Xian et al. „SHINESeniors: Personalized services for active ageing-in-place“. In 2015 IEEE First International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2015.7366181.
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Peng, Guochao, Liliana M. Sepulveda Garcia, Miguel Nunes und Ning Zhang. „Identifying user requirements of wearable healthcare technologies for Chinese ageing population“. In 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2016.7580787.
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Rybova, Kristyna, und Jan Slavik. „Smart cities and ageing population - Implications for waste management in the Czech Republic“. In 2016 Smart Cities Symposium Prague (SCSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scsp.2016.7501025.
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Rybova, Kristyna, und Jan Slavik. „Ageing population of cities — Implications for circular economy in the Czech Republic“. In 2017 Smart City Symposium Prague (SCSP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scsp.2017.7973844.
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Mikołajska, Ida, und Ewelina Woźniak-Szpakiewicz. „Population ageing as a challenge for architectural and urban design: case study: concept of Hybrid Senior Unit in Cracow (Poland)“. In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8091.
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The patterns of declining fertility and mortality over the past two decades have led to significant shifts in the age structure of the world’s population. Although most advanced in Europe and North America, population ageing is occurring, or will soon begin, in all major areas of the world (United Nations, 2013). How these cities are facing that challenge? Will future cities and architectural designs be inspiring by a greying population? Due to a growing problem of society ageing, the topic of architectural design of senior housing developments is more and more relevant in a global context.
This paper proposes a series of design questions of how urban design and architectural ideas could contribute towards improvement life condition in future cities. Design solutions related to a series of case studies of senior housing are presented, with the main focus on the diploma concept of the Hybrid Senior Unit in Cracow (Poland) aimed at a multifaceted integration: architectural, urban and social.
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„Age Structure Models of Largest Cities in the South of Russia“. In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-2-18.
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This article examines age structure models of largest cities in the South of Russia. The research studies the parameters of the age structure of population, the factors contributing to the growth of demographic load and the disproportion of age structure of the population of largest cities in the South of Russia. The study used a statistical method, including the collection, processing, analysis of demographic statistics on the age structure in the considered cities, the calculation of demographic coefficients, their examination and interpretation of the obtained values. The research is based on the hypothesis of accelerated population ageing in the largest cities that demonstrated an increase in the share of the population over the working age along with a decrease in the share of people under the working age. It was concluded that all large cities in the considered region are characterised by a model of regressive age structure of population; a more positive situation is observed in cities with a higher birth rate.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Ageing cities"
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Skirbekk, Vegard. Eight Billion Ageing Citizens. Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pdr2022.1009.
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Stjernberg, Mats, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir und Mari Wøien Meijer. Unlocking the potential of silver economy in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2021:7.1403-2503.
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This report focuses on the concept of the silver economy, which has emerged as a response to population ageing in Europe in recent years. The silver economy refers to all economic activities linked to older age groups. The concept is based on the notion that many older people continue to make valuable economic and societal contributions after retirement, and that older citizens can provide significant economic and societal benefits, particularly if they are healthy and active. This report examines policies and initiatives to promote the silver economy and the closely related concepts of healthy ageing, active ageing and age-friendliness. The report seeks to uncover what are the preconditions for expanding the Nordic silver economy, and how cross-border collaboration can help enhance the potential of the silver economy in border regions.
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Boix, Carles, Alícia Adserà und J. Mark Payne. Are You Being Served?: Political Accountability and Quality of Government. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010787.
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This paper explores, both formally and empirically, the political accountability mechanisms that lie behind the varying levels of public corruption and of effective governance taking place across nations. The first section develops a principal-agent model in which good governance is a function of the extent to which citizens can hold political officials accountable for their actions. Although policy-makers may have strong incentives to appropriate parts of the citizens' income, well-designed institutions (those increasing both informational flows and elite competitiveness) boost political accountability and reduce the space left for the appropriation of rents. The following sections of the paper test the model. The presence of democratic mechanisms of control and an increasingly informed electorate, measured through the frequency of newspaper readership, explain considerably well the distribution of corrupt practices and governmental ineffectiveness in three types of data sets: a large cross-section of countries in the late 1990s for which an extensive battery of governance indicators has been recently developed by Kaufmann et al. (1999a); a panel data set for the period 1980-95 and about 100 nations on corruption and bureaucratic quality based on experts' rankings; and corruption data for the cross-section of US states in the period 1977-95.
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Zilinskas, Barbara A., Doron Holland, Yuval Eshdat und Gozal Ben-Hayyim. Production of Stress Tolerant Plants by Overproduction of Enzymatic Oxyradical Scavengers. United States Department of Agriculture, Mai 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568751.bard.
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Most of the objectives that were outlined in the original proposal have been met with two exceptions. Briefly, our goals were to: (1) constract transgenic tobacco plants which overproduce one or more of the enzymatic oxyradical scavengers and associated ancillary enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and monodehydrascorbate reductase; (2) evaluate the tolerance of these transgenic plants to oxidative stress; and (3) extend these studies to an agronomically important crop such as citrus. As can be seen i the following pages, our objectives (1) and (2) have been achieved, although transgenic lines overexpressing phospholipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX) were not obtained and our evidence to date suggests that constitutive overexpressing of the enzyme is probably lethal. Howeever, transgenic tobacco expressing the antisense construct for PHGPX were obtained. Tobacco plants overexpressing ascorbate peroxidase and those sensesuppressing monodehydroascorbate reductase are more tolerant to oxidative stress, as mediated by the redox-cycling agent paraquant; in contrast, plants expressing the PHGPX-antisense construct are more sensitive to paraquat. Additional research is warranted on each of the six types of transgenic lines which we generated with regard to their tolerance to saline stress. Until recently, attempts to transform citrus were not very successful, and thus additional attention is currently being directed at objective (3). We are optimistic that use of the plant transformation vector, pBIN, will lead to stable transgenic citrus, as preliminary experiments demonstrate stable expression of the GUS reporter gene. Other important contributions resulting from this BARD project include the biochemical characterization of the first plant phospholipid glutathione peroxidase and the biochemical and molecular analysis of another key antioxidant enzyme, monodehydroascorbate reductase. Overall this BARD-supported project was quite successful, and the biological resource of numerous transgenic lines which have altered levels of antioxidant enzymes should be valuable for years to come.
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Chalutz, Edo, Michael Wisniewski, Samir Droby, Yael Eilam und Ilan Chet. Mode of Action of Yeast Biocontrol Agents of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613025.bard.
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In a previous BARD-supported study, three of the investigators of this research were involved in a study on biological control of postharvest diseases of citrus and deciduous fruits. Several naturally occurring, non-antibiotic producing yeast antagonists were identified. Application of some of these antagonists resulted in very high levels of biocontrol under laboratory conditions but lower efficacy in semi-commercial tests. It was felt that the lack of knowledge on the mode of action of the biocontrol agents was limiting their efficient use. The current study was aimed at narrowing this gap in our knowledge. Two specific objectives were outlined: to study the mechanism by which calcium salts enhance biocontrol activity and to determine the role, if any, of the yeast extracellular materials and/or enzymes which degrade fungal cell walls during the interaction between the antagonists, the pathogen and the host. CaCl2 but not MgCl2, inhibited spore germination, and germ-tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and P. digitatum in culture. It also inhibited the pectinolytic activity of the pathogens. Biocontrol of apple decay by isolate 182 of Candida oleophila, an effective biocontrol agent, was enhanced by the addition of CaCl2 whereas there was no effect on the biocontrol activity of isolate 247 of this yeast. Similarly, CaCl2 enhanced efficacy of the US-7 isolate of Pichia guilliermondii in reducing infection of P. digitatum in citrus fruit. CaCl2 by itself also reduced the infection of peel wounds and stimulated ethylene production by grapefruit peel. This antagonist exhibited a very high ability to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis when exposed to high CaCl2 concentrations. It is postulated, therefore, that enhanced biocontrol activity by calcium is the result of direct inhibition of the pathogen by calcium ions on spore germination and metabolism and indirectly due to the ability of the biocontrol agent to maintain normal metabolism in the presence of high levels of calcium. The extracellular materials produced by P. guilliermondii in culture and on the fruit inhibited, at low concentrations, the pathogen in culture and reduced percent infection of the fruit. The direct inhibition of the pathogen by these materials may thus be involved in the mode of action of the antagonist. This study contributed to our knowledge on the action of calcium salts and the yeast antagonist extracellular materials on biocontrol activity and will contribute to a more efficient use of this technology in the control of postharvest diseases of fruits.
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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat und Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.
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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell und Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.
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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens und Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.
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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.