Thematische Bibliographien / African American leadership – History – 20th century

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „African American leadership – History – 20th century“

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Veröffentlicht am 27. Juli 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 29. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "African American leadership – History – 20th century"

Núñez Valdés, Juan, Fernando de Pablos Pons und Antonio Ramos Carrillo. „Pioneering Black African American Women Chemists and Pharmacists“. Foundations 2, Nr. 3 (02.08.2022): 624–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foundations2030043.

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Chireau, Yvonne. „Looking for Black Religions in 20th Century Comics, 1931–1993“. Religions 10, Nr. 6 (25.06.2019): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10060400.

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Relationships between religion and comics are generally unexplored in the academic literature. This article provides a brief history of Black religions in comic books, cartoons, animation, and newspaper strips, looking at African American Christianity, Islam, Africana (African diaspora) religions, and folk traditions such as Hoodoo and Conjure in the 20th century. Even though the treatment of Black religions in the comics was informed by stereotypical depictions of race and religion in United States (US) popular culture, African American comics creators contested these by offering alternatives in their treatment of Black religion themes.

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Holloway, Karla F. C. „Cultural Narratives Passed On: African American Mourning Stories“. College English 59, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ce19973608.

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Rehearses some 20th-century narratives as they have appeared in United States history and as they have been represented in African-American literature. Suggests that some of these narratives are insufficiently critical in their construction of stereotypes or in their over-romanticized notions of racial memory, which mask the complications of color and racial identity in the United States.

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Newman, Richard. „Early Black Thought Leaders and the Reframing of American Intellectual History“. Journal of the Early Republic 43, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2023): 631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.2023.a915166.

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Abstract: This essay examines the broad impact of African American thought leadership on early American intellectual history. Though marginalized in many mainstream histories of American intellectual life–which often focus on the emergence of Black philosophers and Black professional historians later in the 19th century -- early national Black thinkers helped shape public understanding of critical ideas in American society and politics, including the meaning of citizenship and civil rights, emancipation and equality, and racial justice. African Americans also influenced public discourses on other key topics in American intellectual life, including the nature of human dignity and spiritual redemption in the Second Great Awakening, the meaning of Romanticism and Transcendentalism in American reform culture, and the authority of science and technology in antebellum society. Using the concept of thought leadership as a framing device to understand the power and impact of early Black ideas, I follow recent trends in the field of African American intellectual history that focus on that way that African American men and women became public authorities on key ideas and issues in American culture between the American Revolution and Civil War. Though they did not often occupy positions of educational, institutional, or legal power (the main provinces of intellectual leadership), Black thought leaders had a significant impact on early American intellectual history.

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Frazier, Denise. „The Nickel: A History of African-Descended People in Houston’s Fifth Ward“. Genealogy 4, Nr. 1 (24.03.2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4010033.

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This paper will chronicle the unique stories that have come to exemplify the larger experience of Fifth Ward as a historically African American district in a rapidly changing city, Houston. Fifth Ward is a district submerged in the Southern memory of a sprawling port city. Its 19th century inception comprised of residents from Eastern Europe, Russia, and other religious groups who were fleeing persecution. Another way to describe Fifth Ward is much closer to the Fifth Ward that I knew as a child—an African American Fifth Ward and, more personally, my grandparents’ neighborhood. The growing prosperity of an early 20th century oil-booming Houston had soon turned the neighborhood into an economic haven, attracting African Americans from rural Louisiana and east Texas. Within the past two decades, Latino communities have populated the area, transforming the previously majority African American ward. Through a qualitative familial research review of historic documents, this paper contains a cultural and economic analysis that will illustrate the unique legacies and challenges of its past and present residents. I will center my personal genealogical roots to connect with larger patterns of change over time for African Americans in this distinct cultural ward.

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Elfman, Lois. „Discussing crucial race issues by examining beauty pageants“. Enrollment Management Report 27, Nr. 12 (20.02.2024): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/emt.31204.

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Earlier this year, Brittany Lee Lewis, an adjunct professor at George Washington University in D.C. and Wilmington University in Delaware, appeared on the A&E docuseries “Secrets of Miss America,” discussing issues that African American women have faced in the beauty pageant world. While Lewis teaches courses about African American, urban and U.S. 20th‐century history, there's another reason the TV show sought her expertise. Nine years ago, Lewis was crowned Miss Delaware 2014 and she competed in the Miss America contest.

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Popova, Kseniya. „Trends in European Historiography of African History in the Second Half of the 20th Century“. ISTORIYA 13, Nr. 3 (113) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020927-8.

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The article is devoted to the main trends in Western historiography of Africa in the second half of the XX century. The author examines how approaches and ideas in the study of African history by European and American scientists were changing during the formation of African studies as a separate science. There is a change in the perception of Africa by Western scientists from the “unhistorical” object of the world history to the region with its own unique history. The article highlights the influence of historical processes on changes of the views and approaches of Africanists. The author has come to the conclusion that Western historiography during the reviewed period has significantly expanded its theoretical and methodological base and it has made significant progress in the study of African history.

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Elfman, Lois. „Discussing crucial race issues by examining beauty pageants“. Successful Registrar 24, Nr. 1 (18.02.2024): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tsr.31261.

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Earlier this year, Brittany Lee Lewis, an adjunct professor at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., and Wilmington University in Wilmington, Delaware, appeared on the A&E docuseries Secrets of Miss America discussing issues that African American women have faced in the beauty pageant world. While Lewis teaches courses about African American, urban, and 20th‐century U.S. history, there's another reason the TV show sought her expertise. Nine years ago, Lewis was crowned Miss Delaware 2014, and she competed in the Miss America contest.

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Butchart, Ronald. „Gaines, Uplifting The Race - Black Leadership, Politicism And Culture In The Twentieth Century“. Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 22, Nr. 2 (01.09.1997): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.22.2.111-112.

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Intellectual history, by its nature, tends to be filled with paradox. When intellectual history attempts to untangle ideology, paradox becomes layered with irony. When the ideology arises from the dilemma of race in American culture, particularly as expressed by those struggling against racial oppression, paradox and irony are confounded by conundrums. Nowhere is that more true than in the ideology of "uplift" as articulated by middle-class African American intellectuals from the late nineteenth-century into the 1950s.

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Gregory, Marshall. „The Many-Headed Hydra of Theory vs. the Unifying Mission of Teaching“. College English 59, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ce19973609.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "African American leadership – History – 20th century"

Zheng, Juan. „African American Cultural Products and Social Uplift, the End of the 19th Century - the Early of the 20th Century“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626432.

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Black, Latoya R. „Breaking barriers : oral histories of 20th century African-American female journalists in Indiana“. Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371196.

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This study introduced six African-American female journalists in Indiana and provided an intimate account of their perception of media in regards to African-American female journalists of the 21st century. The women were publicly analyzed with a series of questions and candidly discussed the role of Black female journalists at work, in their personal lives, and their communities in general. The women shared similar responses in regards to four main topics: diversity in media, gender-related challenges, career enjoyment and impact on their communities. The most pressing issue of concern was diversity. All of the women agreed that diversity is ineffectively addressed and provided suggestions. The two research questions concluded (1) none of the women credited any female pioneer in Black journalism to their success and (2) the women did not credit early Black female journalists toward their decision to obtain longevity in journalism.
Department of Journalism

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Kwoba, Brian. „The impact of Hubert Henry Harrison on Black radicalism, 1909-1927 : race, class, and political radicalism in Harlem and African American history“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0b4a7787-ae07-4131-b051-be0edef5ffca.

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This thesis focuses on Hubert Henry Harrison (1883-1927), a Caribbean-born journalist, educator, and community organizer whose historical restoration requires us to expand the frame of Black radicalism in the twentieth century. Harrison was the first Black leader of the Socialist Party of America to articulate a historical materialist analysis of the "Negro question", to organise a Black-led Marxist formation, and to systematically and publicly challenge the party's racial prejudices. In a time of urbanization, migration, lynching, and segregation, he subsequently developed the World War I-era New Negro movement by spearheading its first organisation, newspaper, nation-wide congress, and political party. Harrison pioneered a new form of anti-imperialist, anti-capitalist, coloured internationalism. He also inaugurated the socio-cultural tradition of street corner speaking in Harlem, which formed the institutional basis for developing a wide-ranging, working-class, community-based, Black modernist intellectual culture. His people-centred and mass-movement-oriented model of leadership catalysed the rise to prominence of Marcus Garvey and the Garvey movement. Meanwhile, Harrison's African identity and epistemology positioned him to establish an African-centred street scholar tradition in Harlem that endures to this day. Despite Harrison's wide-ranging influence on a whole generation of Black leaders from W.E.B. Du Bois to A. Philip Randolph, his impact and legacy have been largely forgotten. As a result, unearthing and recovering Harrison requires us to rethink multiple histories - the white left, the New Negro movement, Garveyism, the "Harlem Renaissance" - which have marginalized him. Harrison figured centrally in all of these social movements, so restoring his angle of vision demonstrates previously invisible connections, conjunctures, and continuities between disparate and often segregated currents of intellectual and political history. It also broadens the spectrum of Black emancipatory possibilities by restoring an example that retains much of its relevance today.

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Matsumaru, Takashi Michael. „Unmasking a City: Blacks, Asians and the Struggle Against Segregated Housing in 20th Century Seattle“. Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1094.

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This dissertation maps the roots of systemic inequality within Seattle’s housing market, zeroing in on the residential mobility of Japanese and African Americans over the course of the 20th century. It analyzes the experiences that have led Japanese and African Americans to occupy distinctive positions within the city’s housing market, as they fought for belonging in a segregated city. Though they shared the burden of living in segregated neighborhoods through much of the first half of the 20th century, Japanese and African Americans occupied distinct economic positions within the city. While Japanese Americans far outnumbered African Americans until World War II, the segregation of African Americans within the city followed a separate trajectory. Shaped by the legacy of slavery and the nation’s Jim Crow order, African Americans became increasingly set apart within the housing market. Seeing how Japanese and African Americans have navigated a segregated housing market is crucial to understanding the racial dimensions of Seattle’s development. While the ghettoization of Japanese Americans facilitated their incarceration during World War II, the city’s fixation on restricting black mobility during the 1950s and 1960s opened up spaces for Japanese Americans. Rather than simply refuting the model minority image, this dissertation examines how it came to shape Seattle’s housing market after World War II. The city’s open housing movement brought about fair housing laws but also a renewed commitment to property rights and the exclusion of African Americans. Weak and unenforced fair housing legislation – though it opened doors to those of a particular class – led to growing divides. These divides are explored in the last part of this dissertation, which highlights the dimensions of post-civil rights era segregation and the struggles waged by low-income black renters to challenge the city’s raced, classed, and gendered boundaries.

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Jessen, Julie K. „African-American culture and history : northwestern Indiana, 1850-1940 : a context statement for the Indiana State Historic Preservation Office“. Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027112.

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The 1980 amendments to the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act require each State Historic Preservation Office to research and document specific themes important to the history and development of the state. These statements, included in the state's comprehensive preservation plan, aid in the identification and evaluation of historic properties as potential National Register sites.Indiana has developed twelve broad themes to be used in the creation of context statements for the state's seven regions. Area Seven includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, Pulaski, Starke, Jasper, Newton, Benton and White counties. This context statement provides essential information for defining significant historic properties related to African-American history in northwestern Indiana between 1850 and 1940.
Department of Architecture

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Beckner, Chrisanne. „Cultural Demolition: What Was Lost When Eugene Razed its First Black Neighborhood?“ Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9976.

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xii, 167 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
In the 1940s, Eugene, Oregon's first African-American neighborhood took root on a riverbank north of the city. In 1949, county officials demolished the homes and church of the ad hoc community and relocated the residents. In the 21st century, no physical evidence of the former neighborhood remains, but the history continues to circulate among Eugene's contemporary African-American community. This thesis documents the history of Eugene's first black neighborhood, examines the roles that race and class played in its demolition, and develops recommendations for public commemoration. To do so, it critically examines methods of historic preservation and their relationship to sites of intangible history. Through an analysis of various models of commemoration, a multi-disciplinary approach emerges that may apply to similar sites.
Committee in Charge: Kingston W. Heath, Chair; John Fenn

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Harvey, Matt. „Bread, Bullets, and Brotherhood: Masculine Ideologies in the Mid-Century Black Freedom Struggle, 1950-1975“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248506/.

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This thesis examines the ways that African Americans in the mid-twentieth century thought about and practiced masculinity. Important contemporary events such as the struggle for civil rights and the Vietnam War influenced the ways that black Americans sought not only to construct masculine identities, but to use these identities to achieve a higher social purpose. The thesis argues that while mainstream American society had specific prescriptions for how men should behave, black Americans were able to select which of these prescriptions they valued and wanted to pursue while simultaneously rejecting those that they found untenable. Masculinity in the mid-century was not based on one thing, but rather was an amalgamation of different ideals that black men (and women) sought to utilize to achieve communal goals of equality, opportunity, and family.

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Ondaatje, Michael L. „Neither counterfeit heroes nor colour-blind visionaries : black conservative intellectuals in modern America“. University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0029.

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This thesis focuses on the rise to prominence, during the 1980s and 1990s, of a coterie of African American intellectuals associated with the powerful networks and institutions of the New Right. It situates the relatively marginalised phenomenon of contemporary black conservatism within its historical context; explores the nature and significance of the racial discourse it has generated; and probes the intellectual character of the individuals whose contributions to this strand of black thought have stood out over the past three decades. Engaging the writings of the major black conservative figures and the literature of their supporters and critics, I then evaluate their ideas in relation to the key debates concerning race and class in American life debates that have centred, for the most part, on the vexed issues of affirmative action, poverty and public education. In illuminating this complex, still largely misunderstood phenomenon, this thesis reveals the black conservatives as more than a group but as individuals with their own distinctive arguments.

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King, Marvin. „A Black/Non-Black Theory of African-American Partisanship: Hostility, Racial Consciousness and the Republican Party“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5264/.

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Why is black partisan identification so one-sidedly Democratic forty years past the Civil Rights movement? A black/non-black political dichotomy manifests itself through one-sided African-American partisanship. Racial consciousness and Republican hostility is the basis of the black/non-black political dichotomy, which manifests through African-American partisanship. Racial consciousness forced blacks to take a unique and somewhat jaundiced approach to politics and Republican hostility to black inclusion in the political process in the 1960s followed by antagonism toward public policy contribute to overwhelming black Democratic partisanship. Results shown in this dissertation demonstrate that variables representing economic issues, socioeconomic status and religiosity fail to explain partisan identification to the extent that Hostility-Consciousness explains party identification.

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Smith, Greta Katherine. „"The Battling Ground": Memory, Violence, and Resistance in Greenwood, North Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1907-1980“. PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4559.

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Tulsa, Oklahoma's historically African American neighborhood of Greenwood in North Tulsa has long been contested terrain. Built by black settlers beginning in the late nineteenth-century, the neighborhood evolved into a vibrant community challenged by waves of violence--segregation at statehood in 1907, the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, ongoing disinvestment, and processes of urban renewal beginning in the late 1950s--that contributed to the erosion of the neighborhood and the eventual displacement of many area residents into remote housing projects further into North Tulsa. These waves of violence were propelled by Oklahoma lawmakers, local Tulsa government officials, members of the Ku Klux Klan, and private white citizens who worked to expand the city's color line by controlling the placement and visibility of black people in Tulsa and gain ownership of Greenwood--as the neighborhood was, and is, located on desirable land. The people of Greenwood met these waves of violence with acts of resistance. They organized and lobbied against segregation at statehood, fought to save their community during the Tulsa Race Riot, and galvanized to rebuild almost immediately after. They maintained a culture of interdependence that contributed to strength in community and economy. Beginning in the late 1950s, they protested their displacement. However, by the late 1980s, the ravages of slum clearance and expressway building had rendered much of Greenwood unlivable and many residents had no choice but to relocate. The loss of historic place and increased distance between community members made it difficult to maintain their shared identity and culture of interdependence. Taken altogether, these four waves of violence functioned as tools to carry out the city of Tulsa's longstanding agenda of reclaiming the prime urban real estate of Greenwood while broadening the area of land that segregated black & white Tulsa. At the root existed white supremacy: the belief in the inherent superiority of the white race and its fundamental right to dominate society.

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Bücher zum Thema "African American leadership – History – 20th century"

Hornsby, Alton. Milestones in 20th-century African-American history. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1993.

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E, Jones Lola, Hrsg. 20th century Black American women in print: Essays. Acton, Mass: Copley Pub. Group, 1991.

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Dyson, Michael Eric. April 4, 1968: Martin Luther King Jr.'s death and transformation of America. New York: Basic Books, 2008.

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Dyson, Michael Eric. April 4, 1968: Martin Luther King, Jr's death and how it changed America. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2008.

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Dyson, Michael Eric. April 4, 1968: Martin Luther King, Jr.'s death and how it changed America. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2008.

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Northern Illinois University. Art Gallery in Chicago., Hrsg. 20th century American folk art from the Arient family collection. [DeKalb, Ill: Northern Illinois University, 1987.

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Driskell, David C. African American visual aesthetics: A postmodernist view. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.

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Joyce, Ostrow Eileen, Hrsg. Center stage: An anthology of twenty-one contemporary Black-American plays. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.

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Clark, Hine Darlene, Hrsg. Black women in American history. Brooklyn, N.Y: Carlson Pub., 1990.

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Gruesser, John Cullen. Black on Black: Twentieth-century African American writing about Africa. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2000.

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Buchteile zum Thema "African American leadership – History – 20th century"

Leslie, Annie Ruth, Kim Brittingham Barnett, Matasha L. Harris und Charles Adams. „Advancing the Demarginalization of African American Students“. In The Black Experience and Navigating Higher Education Through a Virtual World, 73–96. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7537-6.ch005.

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This chapter presents theoretical discussions about advancing the demarginalization of African American students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) by bringing in insights from Afrocentric and symbolic-interaction perspectives. Here, the authors discuss demarginalization related to certain intra-racial and intersecting class, gender, and mental health issues emerging since COVID-19 and online learning. The ideas presented here are equally viable in student face-to-face and virtual learning environments. It begins with discussing marginalization and Afrocentric and symbolic-interaction theories. It reviews relevant literature about the history of African American education since the American Civil War, including 19th and 20th century reconstructions, Jim Crow, the rise of Historically Black Colleges and Universities, the Black student campus union and Black power movements, and other relevant happenings in Black American education.

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Pawłowska, Aneta. „Inspiracje, imitacje i zapożyczenia ze sztuki prymitywnej przez artystów południowoafrykańskich w I połowie XX wieku“. In Sztuka Afryki. Afrykańska tradycja – afrykańska nowoczesność. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8088-321-5.05.

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The aim of the article is the presentation of the influence of African art at the beginning of the 20th century in South African. Primitivism and the awareness of Primitive Art have played a crucial role in the history and development of 20th century European and American Art, in a number of different ways, although the dynamics of how this happened are complex and varied. The purpose of this article is limited only to the presentation of the influence of indigenous Art from the African Continent and the socalled primitive or aboriginal art in the South African art tradition of European descent in the first half of the 20th century such as: Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef, Irma Stern, Walter Battiss and Alexis Preller. All of them have started to utilize the African iconography in their own paintings and decided to borrow some typical stylistic elements and narratives from indigenous works of African Art.

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Young, Darius J. „Growing Up Church“. In Robert R. Church Jr. and the African American Political Struggle, 5–14. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056272.003.0002.

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This chapter focuses on Church’s early years by providing an overview of Robert Church Sr. and Anna Church. In particular, it discusses the strategies the black elite used to nurture a new class of leaders during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This chapter discusses Church’s educational background, his initial dealings with his father’s Solvent Saving’s Bank, and his early interest in pursuing a career in politics. Church’s early life serves as a window into the history of the era’s black entrepreneurs, black leadership, and black businesses, all considered against the legacy of slavery.

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Miletsky, Zebulon Vance. „Boston Confronts a Jim Crow North, 1896–1934“. In Before Busing, 38–64. University of North Carolina PressChapel Hill, NC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469662770.003.0003.

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Abstract This chapter covers the rise of “Jim Crow North” in Boston during the late-19th and early-20th century, as well as the vigorous debates that took place in the city over black political leadership and the most effective response to the new system of white supremacy and racial discrimination setting in across the country. Initially, Booker T. Washington’s “accommodationist” approach found a welcome audience in Boston among many middle-class African American leaders and the descendants of white abolitionists. Washington, who owned a summer home in a Boston suburb and sent his children school in the city, founded the Negro Business League in Boston in 1900 to spur black entrepreneurship. During the first two decades of the 20th century, though, two other titans of black political leadership with deep roots in Boston – W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe Trotter – rose to offer scathing critiques of Washingtonian accommodationism and put forth their own visions of racial uplift. Both men were leaders of the Niagara Movement and played a role in the foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Each rejected Washington’s industrial education model and advocated a more direct attack on racial discrimination and segregation in Boston and beyond.

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Martin, II, Frank C. „Sites of Immanent Social Critique“. In Contributions of Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the 21st Century, 221–38. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3814-5.ch011.

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The continued social and cultural value of sustaining America's history of segregation by maintaining what could be considered atavistic, race-assigned, public and private colleges remains an open axiological question in post-modern American society. With the loss of the traditional roles of these institutions as necessities for the education of marginalized African-American populations, the future role and identity of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) has been called into question beginning in the last quarter of the 20th and continuing into the 21st century. However, questions of race identity remain highly motivating socio-cultural catalysts for discourse in the first quarter of the 21st century. The following discussion considers the ways in which Historically Black Institutions produced scholars and cultural critics who have offered significant challenges to the status quo of American exceptionalist discourse and how museums at HBCUs have helped shape the foundational concerns of a 21st century re-imagining of American identity and shared values.

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Holt, Thomas C. „Before Montgomery“. In The Civil Rights Movement: A Very Short Introduction, 7—C1P40. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190605421.003.0002.

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Abstract Although the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 is generally agreed to be the starting point of the “classic” Civil Rights Movement, it built on a century-long history of African American protests of segregated transportation. Beginning with challenges to racially discriminatory treatment on horse-drawn streetcars in the decade before the Civil War and continuing with boycotts in the 1890s and street protests of racial violence and employment discrimination over the first five decades of the 20th century, African Americans in the North and South never relented in their demands for equal justice. The founding of the NAACP in 1909 provided the organizational means for sustained legal challenges as well as occasional street protests against racial segregation and discrimination. By the 1940s, other, more militant organizations joined the struggle and pursued more direct challenges to the Jim Crow laws.

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White, Derrick E. „Introduction“. In Blood, Sweat, and Tears, 1–15. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652443.003.0001.

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This book tells the history of college football at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) through the lens of Alonzo “Jake” Gaither’s playing and coaching career. After World War II, Gaither, as a coach, transformed Florida A&M University (FAMU) into the most dominant Black college football program over the next three decades. FAMU’s winning program was buttressed by the development of sporting congregations, a network of athletes, administrators, coaches, sportswriters, and fans that emerged in the first half of the 20th century. Finally, the growth of Black college football reflected a broader tension in African American higher education between integration and self-determination.

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Williams, Chad. „W. E. B. Du Bois and World War I“. In The Oxford Handbook of W.E.B. Du Bois. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190062767.013.67.

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Abstract World War I stands as one of the most significant events in W. E. B. Du Bois’s life and career. From the start, Du Bois understood the significance of the war as a watershed moment in the history of the modern world and the future of people of African descent. Going against his pacifist principles, he controversially supported the United States and Allied war effort, believing that loyalty and patriotism would lead to civil rights for African Americans and the broader expansion of democracy. He placed his faith in the service and sacrifice of Black troops as heroic examples of African American citizenship. However, the resiliency of white supremacy, domestically and globally, quickly tempered Du Bois’s hopes for change. Throughout the interwar period and beyond, Du Bois wrestled with the disillusionment of the war and its troubling legacy on both a scholarly and deeply personal level. Through his writings and his activism, Du Bois sought to understand the historical meaning of the war, its relationship to the present, and implications for the future. World War I is central to understanding Du Bois’s political, intellectual, and moral evolution during the 20th century.

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Campbell, Marne L. „Booker T. Washington Goes West“. In Making Black Los Angeles. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629278.003.0006.

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Finally, Chapter 6, “Mr.Washington Goes West,” examines the two visits by Booker T. Washington, first in 1903, and again in 1914 and investigates whether his national platform was something Black Angelenos wanted for their community, given the relative gains they made during the late 19th century. This chapter also considers the Washington’s relationship with the local leadership while drawing comparisons with Du Bois’s role in early Black Los Angeles history. This chapter also places the black experience in the West within the context of the national experience by considering the relationship of these two African American leaders with Black Angelenos.

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Perrotta, Katherine A., und Mary F. Mattson. „Using Counterstories and Reflective Writing Assignments to Promote Critical Race Consciousness in an Undergraduate Teacher Preparation Course“. In Advocacy in Academia and the Role of Teacher Preparation Programs, 42–64. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2906-4.ch003.

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On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white patron on a Montgomery bus. Her act of resistance sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and ushered in the mid-20th century Civil Rights Movement. Although Parks occupies a prominent place in United States history, she was not the first to challenge racial segregation. Elizabeth Jennings was an African American schoolteacher who was ejected from a streetcar in New York City in 1854. Her lawyer, future President Chester A. Arthur, sued the streetcar company and won. Jennings' and Parks' stories serve as examples of counterstories that can raise critical race consciousness to matters of racial inequity in historical narratives and school curricula. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to examine whether students in an undergraduate teacher preparation course at a major university in a metropolitan region of the Southeast demonstrated critical race consciousness with reflective writing assignments by analyzing the counterstories of Elizabeth Jennings and Rosa Parks.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "African American leadership – History – 20th century"

Moy, James S. „SOVEREIGN GEOGRAPHIES, ERRANT PARTS & EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE“. In 2024 SoRes Dubai –International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Social Sciences, 19-20 February. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.128149.

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We exist in a significant geo-political nexus in the history of global development. African nations of the Sahel and indigenous peoples around the world have begun to kinetically resist neo-colonial initiatives to reimpose past suppressions. This paper surveys developments from 15th and 16th Century Papal Bulls through, government legislation and policy developments including the American Indian removal act of 1830, Berlin Conference of 1884-85, the Morgenthau Plan, late 20th Century Neo-Colonial exploitation and continuing early 21st century attempts at re-inscription of emergent rentier oppressions and trajectories. Within this context, this piece concludes with a pointed discussion of social media and its place in subverting the governmental attempts to control the narrative of the global order in light of recent geo-political developments and the global history of suppression.

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D'Aprile, Marianela. „A City Divided: “Fragmented” Urban and Literary Space in 20th-Century Buenos Aires“. In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.22.

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When analyzing the state of Latin American cities, particularly large ones like Buenos Aires, São Paolo and Riode Janeiro, scholars of urbanism and sociology often lean heavily on the term “fragmentation.” Through the 1980s and 1990s, the term was quickly and widely adopted to describe the widespread state of abutment between seemingly disparate urban conditions that purportedly prevented Latin American cities from developing into cohesive wholes and instead produced cities in pieces, fragments. This term, “fragmentation,” along with the idea of a city composed of mismatching parts, was central to the conception of Buenos Aires by its citizens and immortalized by the fiction of Esteban Echeverría, Julio Cortázar and César Aira. The idea that Buenos Aires is composed of discrete parts has been used throughout its history to either proactively enable or retroactively justify planning decisions by governments on both ends of the political spectrum. The 1950s and 60s saw a series of governments whose priorities lay in controlling the many newcomers to the city via large housing projects. Aided by the perception of the city as fragmented, they were able to build monster-scale developments in the parts of the city that were seen as “apart.” Later, as neoliberal democracy replaced socialist and populist leadership, commercial centers in the center of the city were built as shrines to an idealized Parisian downtown, separate from the rest of the city. The observations by scholars of the city that Buenos Aires is composed of multiple discrete parts, whether they be physical, economic or social, is accurate. However, the issue here lies not in the accuracy of the assessment but in the word chosen to describe it. The word fragmentation implies that there was a “whole” at once point, a complete entity that could be then broken into pieces, fragments. Its current usage also implies that this is a natural process, out of the hands of both planners and inhabitants. Leaning on the work of Adrián Gorelik, Pedro Pírez and Marie-France Prévôt-Schapira, and utilizing popular fiction to supplement an understanding of the urban experience, I argue that fragmentation, more than a naturally occurring phenomenon, is a fabricated concept that has been used throughout the twentieth century and through today to make all kinds of urban planning projects possible.

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