Zeitschriftenartikel: „Affinity Relationship Table (ART)“

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Lochmann, Erin M. „The art of nothingness: Dada, Taoism and Zen“. Journal of European Studies 48, Nr. 1 (26.01.2018): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244117745434.

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When examining the art, actions, and writings of Zurich Dadaists it becomes apparent that there is an affinity with Eastern thought, namely Taoism and Zen Buddhism. These artists not only make direct references to aspects of Taoism and Buddhism, but their philosophies on art and life mirror concepts in both so strongly that this relationship cannot be ignored, although most scholars have done just that. Exploring this connection offers not only a new perspective on Zurich Dada but encourages a reconsideration of the commonly misapplied label of nihilism to this specific group of Dada artists.

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Leonhard, Karin. „Painted Gems. The Color Worlds of Portrait Miniature Painting in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Britain“. Early Science and Medicine 20, Nr. 4-6 (07.12.2015): 428–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-02046p06.

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It has been argued persuasively that we should see the art of the portrait miniaturist as being closely related to the art of the goldsmith – with the painted ‘jewel’ of the portrait set into a richly ornamented piece of jewelry. Indeed, there is a close affinity between Nicholas Hilliard’s art of portrait miniature painting and goldsmithery. His Treatise’s famous section devoted to precious stones reflects this idea, as it is concerned with the relationship of those stones to the colors used in the miniatures, colors that can be seen as surrogates for the stones themselves. Color, light and shadow – these three aspects of how to render the natural world into paint are closely related: it is the complexity of the relationship that demanded a painting technique that took care not to create chiaroscuro-effects and specifically not let color be ‘corrupted’ by shadows or ‘mixed’ with other colors.

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Zhang, Ji, Yannis Kalantidis, Marcus Rohrbach, Manohar Paluri, Ahmed Elgammal und Mohamed Elhoseiny. „Large-Scale Visual Relationship Understanding“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (17.07.2019): 9185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019185.

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Large scale visual understanding is challenging, as it requires a model to handle the widely-spread and imbalanced distribution of 〈subject, relation, object〉 triples. In real-world scenarios with large numbers of objects and relations, some are seen very commonly while others are barely seen. We develop a new relationship detection model that embeds objects and relations into two vector spaces where both discriminative capability and semantic affinity are preserved. We learn a visual and a semantic module that map features from the two modalities into a shared space, where matched pairs of features have to discriminate against those unmatched, but also maintain close distances to semantically similar ones. Benefiting from that, our model can achieve superior performance even when the visual entity categories scale up to more than 80,000, with extremely skewed class distribution. We demonstrate the efficacy of our model on a large and imbalanced benchmark based of Visual Genome that comprises 53,000+ objects and 29,000+ relations, a scale at which no previous work has been evaluated at. We show superiority of our model over competitive baselines on the original Visual Genome dataset with 80,000+ categories. We also show state-of-the-art performance on the VRD dataset and the scene graph dataset which is a subset of Visual Genome with 200 categories.

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Ibekwe, Eunice U. „Music as Art and Science: An Evaluation“. UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, Nr. 1 (31.07.2020): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i1.7.

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Music is presented in this discourse as a coin with two sides –thus as an Art also as a science. Looking at music as an Art draws one’s attention to the artistic features and characteristics of music such as styles and skills of performances as in dancing, singing, playing instrument and its position in other related areas with similar attributes. On the other hand, seeing music from the perspective of a science, the study of acoustics, sound productions, mathematical relationships and intervallic applications are evident. Art involves creative thinking and inspiration to achieve an expected goal or a set objective. Science on its own employs knowledge interaction and inquiries to produce new scientific discoveries. Music co-habits these two complex entities in a seemingly integrative association. This paper therefore is a critical examination and evaluation of musical potency that qualifies it as an art as well as science. The argument is anchored on qualitative evaluation of materials drawn from related literatures and sources. It finally draws the conclusion that since music fits in properly, and performs creditably as an art, as well as maintains great affinity with science, it should be treated as a bicameral discipline. Keywords: Art, Science, Relationship, Music, Imagination, Inspiration

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Fan, Junsong, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Tieniu Tan, Chunfeng Song und Jun Xiao. „CIAN: Cross-Image Affinity Net for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, Nr. 07 (03.04.2020): 10762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6705.

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Weakly supervised semantic segmentation with only image-level labels saves large human effort to annotate pixel-level labels. Cutting-edge approaches rely on various innovative constraints and heuristic rules to generate the masks for every single image. Although great progress has been achieved by these methods, they treat each image independently and do not take account of the relationships across different images. In this paper, however, we argue that the cross-image relationship is vital for weakly supervised segmentation. Because it connects related regions across images, where supplementary representations can be propagated to obtain more consistent and integral regions. To leverage this information, we propose an end-to-end cross-image affinity module, which exploits pixel-level cross-image relationships with only image-level labels. By means of this, our approach achieves 64.3% and 65.3% mIoU on Pascal VOC 2012 validation and test set respectively, which is a new state-of-the-art result by only using image-level labels for weakly supervised semantic segmentation, demonstrating the superiority of our approach.

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Wu, Jianlong, Xingyu Xie, Liqiang Nie, Zhouchen Lin und Hongbin Zha. „Unified Graph and Low-Rank Tensor Learning for Multi-View Clustering“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, Nr. 04 (03.04.2020): 6388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.6109.

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Multi-view clustering aims to take advantage of multiple views information to improve the performance of clustering. Many existing methods compute the affinity matrix by low-rank representation (LRR) and pairwise investigate the relationship between views. However, LRR suffers from the high computational cost in self-representation optimization. Besides, compared with pairwise views, tensor form of all views' representation is more suitable for capturing the high-order correlations among all views. Towards these two issues, in this paper, we propose the unified graph and low-rank tensor learning (UGLTL) for multi-view clustering. Specifically, on the one hand, we learn the view-specific affinity matrix based on projected graph learning. On the other hand, we reorganize the affinity matrices into tensor form and learn its intrinsic tensor based on low-rank tensor approximation. Finally, we unify these two terms together and jointly learn the optimal projection matrices, affinity matrices and intrinsic low-rank tensor. We also propose an efficient algorithm to iteratively optimize the proposed model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks across different scenarios and sizes. Compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, our method achieves much better performance.

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Mohanavalli, S., S. M. Jaisakthi und Chandrabose Aravindan. „Automatic Scale Parameters in Affinity Matrix Construction for Improved Spectral Clustering“. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 30, Nr. 10 (23.11.2016): 1650023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001416500233.

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Spectral clustering partitions data into similar groups in the eigenspace of the affinity matrix. The accuracy of the spectral clustering algorithm is affected by the affine equivariance realized in the translation of distance to similarity relationship. The similarity value computed as a Gaussian of the distance between data objects is sensitive to the scale factor [Formula: see text]. The value of [Formula: see text], a control parameter of drop in affinity value, is generally a fixed constant or determined by manual tuning. In this research work, [Formula: see text] is determined automatically from the distance values i.e. the similarity relationship that exists in the real data space. The affinity value of a data pair is determined as a location estimate of the spread of distance values of the data points with the other points. The scale factor [Formula: see text] corresponding to a data point [Formula: see text] is computed as the trimean of its distance vector and used in fixing the scale to compute the affinity matrix. Our proposed automatic scale parameter for spectral clustering resulted in a robust similarity matrix which is affine equivariant with the distance distribution and also eliminates the overhead of manual tuning to find the best [Formula: see text] value. The performance of spectral clustering using such affinity matrices was analyzed using UCI data sets and image databases. The obtained scores for NMI, ARI, Purity and F-score were observed to be equivalent to those of existing works and better for most of the data sets. The proposed scale factor was used in various state-of-the-art spectral clustering algorithms and it proves to perform well irrespective of the normalization operations applied in the algorithms. A comparison of clustering error rates obtained for various data sets across the algorithms shows that the proposed automatic scale factor is successful in clustering the data sets equivalent to that obtained using manually tuned best [Formula: see text] value. Thus the automatic scale factor proposed in this research work eliminates the need for exhaustive grid search for the best scale parameter that results in best clustering performance.

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Fisseha, Ephrat, Karen Hampanda, Patrick Oyaro, Evelyn Brown, Irene Mukui, Beryne Odeny, Rena Patel und Lisa Abuogi. „993. Risk Factors for Periconception Non-Suppression Among Women Living with HIV in Kisumu, Kenya“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (01.10.2020): S525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1179.

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Abstract Background Pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (WLHIV) are a priority population for virologic monitoring and efforts to ensure viral suppression to reduce the risk for vertical-transmission and poor maternal health outcomes. Few studies have examined the role of parity on viral suppression during periconception in WLHIV. Methods We present data from the ongoing Opt4Mamas study which enrolled pregnant women with HIV on antiretroviral therapy between March and November 2019 attending antenatal care in five public health facilities in Kisumu County, Kenya. We evaluated associations between various sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and periconception viral suppression (< 40 copies/mL) within 12 months of study enrollment. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Among 497 women enrolled, mean age 29.9 years, 301 (61%) had viral load results available within 12 months of study enrollment. Viral loads were available a median of 18 days from conception (interquartile range 71 days before to 90 days after conception), and 237 women (79%) were virally suppressed. The majority (90%) of women were on a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and 23 (9%) were on a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. In univariate analysis, women younger than 25 and primigravida women were less likely to be virally suppressed (OR 0.31, 95% CI [0.16 - 0.60] and OR 0.25, 95% CI [0.11 - 0.61] respectively; Table 1). The relationship between primigravida and periconception viral suppression is modified by age and duration on ART. Primigravida women who were younger than 25 years or who had less than 1 year of ART had significantly reduced odds of achieving viral suppression in the past year compared to primigravida women who were older or who had more experience taking ART (OR 0.09, 95%CI [0.03-0.31] and OR 0.09, 95%CI [0.02-0.48] respectively; Table 2). Table 1: Comparison of Pregnant Women with HIV by Periconception Viral Suppression Table 2: Interaction Effects with Primigravida Status Conclusion Risk factors for non-suppression around the time of conception in WLHIV include primigravida status, which is modified by age and duration on ART. Interventions targeting viral suppression among WLHIV leading up to their first pregnancy are needed, particularly among those who are newly initiated onto ART or younger age. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Khojir, Khojir. „The Pesantren Network in Samarinda“. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 5, Nr. 2 (15.12.2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2016.52.213-233.

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The aim of this research is to reveal the model, the consistency, and the implication of pesantren network in Samarinda. This is a qualitative research based on sociology, phenomenology, and educational approach. The research was conducted within the total of 37 pesantren in Samarinda which were chosen based on their geographical sites, genealogical aspect, scientific affinity, as well as their tendency toward certain social organization. The geographical network consists of pesantren in South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, East Java, Central Java, and Jambi. The result shows that this kind of network bears two forms namely direct genealogy and family relationship. Meanwhile, the network of social organization entails pesantren of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, LDII, Jama’ah Tabligh, and Suffah Hizbullah. Furthermore, the network of scientific affinity comprises language science, physical/martial art, and sanad Al-Qur’an. The model of the pesantren network is established through pesantren alumnae’s journey into new places or by Islamic preaching, alumni empowerment, cadres’ regeneration, and service. The degree of consistency is categorized into three levels, namely, consistent, inconsistent, and modification. This network contributes to the development of pesantren and society in Samarinda.

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Pacey, Philip. „‘A grapevine round the world’: the development, through 25 years, of the international role of ARLIS/UK & Ireland“. Art Libraries Journal 19, Nr. 3 (1994): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200008956.

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Between 1969 and 1979, while it was establishing itself, ARLIS attracted the attention of art librarians in other countries, publicised and encouraged their activities, and in particular developed a close relationship with the new ARLIS/NA (ARLIS/North America). This phase culminated, in 1976, in the launch of the Art Libraries Journal, and in the organisation of an international conference at Brighton which inaugurated a new era of collaboration between art librarians around the world, initial plans for an ‘ARLIS International’ being put aside in favour of working within the framework of IFLA. ARLIS subsequently participated in the activities of the IFLA Round Table of Art Librarians and its successor, the IFLA Section of Art Libraries. More recently, ARLIS responded to the growth of an international community of art librarians by changing its name to ARLIS/UK & Eire (and later to ARLIS/UK & Ireland) and by relaunching the Art Libraries Journal; the winding up of its International Committee, far from representing a decline in the Society’s international activities, was a logical consequence of the fact that an international outlook had come to pervade virtually all of its work. ARLIS/UK & Eire hosted the IFLA Section of Art Libraries Pre-Conference at Brighton in 1987, and the Section’s Fourth European Conference, at Oxford, in 1992. While international activities may sometimes seem remote from the day-to-day work of art libraries, most British art librarians probably do now recognise the value of’a grapevine round the world’; furthermore, by ‘acting locally’ we are all helping to build the larger world of art librarianship.

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Constantini, Michel. „Sur la nature et l’artefact (neuf fragments tisses). Hommage a Francisco Infante“. Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3438.

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This article follows our several previous studies in Russian art of the XXth century. It is dedicated to Francisco Infante-Arana (born 1943), Russian painter of Spanish origin, creator of a “new artistic language” (State Prize of the Russian Federation, 1996), author of an original theory of art developed since 1976 and named the “concept of artifact”. If the spiritual continuity between the work of Francisco Infante and that of Kazimir Malevich has already been established for a long time as a commonplace in contemporary art studies (just remember the title of a series of works by Francisco Infante, “Suprematic Games. Hommage to Malevich”, 1968, from the cycle “Spontaneous Games in Nature”), the relationship between the inventor of the concept of artifact and the founder of the abstractionism in painting, Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), has not yet been a subject of targeted research. In our current study, we propose to address this uneasy issue by returning to the origins of the philosophical thought, and namely to the speculations on the phenomena of art in their relation to the phenomena of nature. This approach seems justified insofar as the abstractionism radically challenges the very foundations of art, reposing, since ancient times, on the primacy of mimesis, and rebuild this ruined aesthetic system, paradoxically, on the principles which, having been scrutinized more closely, seem not to lack some affinity with the worldview of the first “philosophers”, so-called Presocratics. Thus, our purpose will be to raise the first elements of the Ancient Greek thought that appear at the base of the artistic creation and theoretical representations of Francisco Infante.

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Abbate, Anne, Lisa Chirch, Michael Christopher. Thompson, Dorothy Wakefield, Faryal Mirza und Sabina Zawadzka. „323. Fragility Fracture Risk in HIV: Awareness Among Primary Care Providers“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.396.

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Abstract Background Recommendations on screening HIV-infected (+) patients for bone disease exist. We sought to characterize awareness of and adherence to HIV-specific recommendations and assess risk factors for fracture in this population. Methods Primary care provider (PCP) and ID specialist awareness of screening recommendations was assessed using an anonymous electronic survey. We conducted interviews of 45 HIV+ patients and chart review. We calculated risk using the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). Email notifications were sent if an indication dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans was identified. Chart review was repeated 12 months later to assess response. Statistical methods included chi-square and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data, and t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous data. A multivariate logistic regression examined the relationship between adult fragility fractures and covariates. Results No immunologic or virologic factors or exposure to specific antiretroviral therapies (ART) were associated with FFX (Table 1). FRAX score (hip, major osteoporotic fracture) successfully predicted FFX history (P = 0.002, P = 0.001, respectively). Overall, 35 (78%) patients qualified for DXA; 23 (66%) were men, only 8 (23%) had a previous DXA. Following provider notification, an additional 5 patients had DXA ordered. DXA was recommended for all patients with FFX, compared with 68% without a fracture (P = 0.02). In logistic regression modeling, increasing age, male sex, and months of ART therapy were associated with FFX (Table 2). Twenty-seven providers responded to the pre-intervention survey, of whom only 35% were aware of screening recommendations for HIV+ patients. Of the 18 providers who responded post-intervention, 63% were aware of these recommendations (Table 3). Conclusion A brief educational intervention resulted in increased awareness of HIV-specific screening recommendations, but this translated into adherence to a lesser extent. HIV+ men were more likely to have a history of fragility fracture compared with females. No specific ART or immunologic marker predicted fracture risk or history. Fostering a greater understanding of unique characteristics and risks in this population is crucial to ensure appropriate preventive care. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Arora, Aman. „Table Reservation and Meal Ordering System Using QR Code“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. VII (15.07.2021): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36492.

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At present, people have been waiting anxiously for the system that will satisfy their needs more clearly. The majority of the companies in the restaurant sector is looking for some software that improves the quality of delivery and increasing revenue. In a typical system, the waiter records the customer's order, and then put the order in to the kitchen, and then billing is done, which spends a lot of time and might lead to errors. The goal of this project is to automate the process of ordering food from the table in a restaurant and reserving a table, as well as to improve the quality of their customer service. Smart Restaurant is a concept of a restaurant's business that is based on the use of state-of-the-art technology from reservation to the order and the customer sign a relationship with you. The traditional restaurant will be replaced with the help of a smartphone, a tablet, or a graphical user interface and interactive touch screens. Customers will have to order their food via mobile phones by scanning a QR code on a table, as they are directly linked to the kitchen via a central server. In addition, our records are permanently stored on a central server, which can then be used for the marketing, distribution and sales. A smart restaurant, decrease the number of staff who work at the hotel-services, so as to increase the profit margins. The kitchen is going to be one of the interfaces which will be provided in accordance with the following priority (first-come-first-served). This app will help you to find more detailed information on the restaurant and its services, as well as the ease of ordering food and reservation table.

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ŞAHİN ÇEKEN, Kübra, und Yasemin KURTLU. „ILHAN BERK IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF PAINTING AND POET IN LINE WITH THE CONCEPT OF INTER-ARTISTS "SEKER AHMET PASA / PRIVATE PROMISES"“. EUROASIA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 8, Nr. 21 (25.07.2021): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.38064/eurssh.246.

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In this study; The painting-poetry relation by Şeker Ahmet Paşa's "Education Men" painting and the poem "Şeker Ahmet Paşa / Talim Making Erler" with the same name, named İlhan Berk, were examined with the inter-art method chosen as a subject. The link between the structure and content of postmodern poetry and painting has formed the backbone of this study. In this context, it is aimed to examine the sources of modern and postmodern art, without leaving their own special fields, and while paying attention to their special fields, common concepts and images have been brought together. The research was conducted with the content analysis method on the basis of qualitative approach. In addition, in the study, the table of "Education Performers" was read with the method of visual reading and the poem titled "Şeker Ahmet Paşa / Talim Making Erler" was examined by content analysis technique. Ecfrasis has been handled in the relationship between painting and poetry, which has been intimate throughout the history of art, and two works have been researched in this direction. In the study, ecfrasis was explained and it was explained how it found a place in inter-arts. Berk presented a replica made with letters, which makes the work visible thanks to the formality of the poem. By looking at Şeker Ahmet Pasha's painting, he determined the credits of the painting and wrote his poem in line with this line. Thus, the content of the poem was included in the composition in terms of form, as well as the picture. In addition, while Berk attributes this work to himself, he emphasized Şeker Ahmet Pasha by placing the name of the painter in the name of the poem. The poet has made it a mission to serve and advertise the painting in this inter-art work in which poetry is the framework for the painting. With this study, which is thought to contribute to the literature, it is predicted that it will constitute a different example where ecfrasis and self-appropriation methods are used together.

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Redfern, Nick. „Realism, Radical Constructivism, and Film History“. Essays in Philosophy 7, Nr. 2 (2006): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip2006724.

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As a technology and an art form perceived to be capable of reproducing the world, it has long been thought that the cinema has a natural affinity with reality. In this essay I consider the Realist theory of film history out forward by Robert C. Allen and Douglas Gomery from the perspective of Radical Constructivism. I argue that such a Realist theory cannot provide us with a viable approach to film history as it presents a flawed description of the historian’s relationship to the past. Radical Constructivism offers an alternative model, which requires historians to rethink the nature of facts, the processes involved in constructing historical knowledge, and its relation to the past. Historical poetics, in the light of Radical Constructivism, is a basic model of research into cinema that uses concepts to construct theoretical statements in order to explain the nature, development, and effects of cinematic phenomena.

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Testa, Chiara, Anna Maria Papini, Michael Chorev und Paolo Rovero. „Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC)-Mediated Macrocyclization of Peptides: Impact on Conformation and Biological Activity“. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, Nr. 7 (09.07.2018): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180518095755.

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The long-lasting impetus to design novel modes of macrocyclization, and their implementation into a wide range of bioactive peptides, originates from their contributions to the restriction of conformational space and the stabilization of preferential bioactive conformations that support higher efficacy and binding affinity to cognate macromolecular targets, improved specificity and lowering susceptibility to enzymatic degradation processes. Introducing CuI-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), a prototypical click reaction, to the field of peptide sciences as a bio-orthogonal reaction that generates a disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl moiety as a pseudopeptidic bond that is peptidomimetic in nature, paved the way to its widespread application as a new and promising mode of macrocyclization. This review presents the state-of-art of CuAAC-mediated macrocyclization as it applies to an expansive range of bioactive peptides and explores the relationship among the structural diversity of CuAACmediated cyclizations, biological activities and conformations.

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Daugaard, Kasper, und Amalie Ørum. „Kunsten at pille et løg:“. Nordic Journal of Dance 3, Nr. 2 (01.12.2012): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/njd-2012-0008.

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Abstract To peel an onion, to grate a carrot, and to set a table, each has its own choreographic recipe. Culinary art/ cookery is choreographed everyday life, and cooking is a dance everyone knows. The Art of Peeling an Onion is based on the dance piece Gæst (Guest), choreographed by Kasper Daugaard. The piece is for five dancers, a female soloist and four choir dancers, and originates entirely from culinary actions. The purpose of the article is not to maintain theory and practice as two separate entities, but to show how they supply each other and offer each other content. We aim to create a balanced understanding of the relationship between the creative process, the audience experience, and the aesthetic theory related to both the content and the outcome of artistic work. We view theory and practice hand in hand, because we have strived to put into words that which can be experienced, to verbalise the spectator’s experiences, the physical as well as reflexive, with the ambition of formulating a quite tangible experience-based aesthetics.

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Bimbatti, Davide, Francesco Pierantoni, Marco Maruzzo, Filippo Maria Deppieri, Aichi Msaki, Maura Gatti, Michele Dionese et al. „Paternity, relationship, sexual activity and fertility in testicular cancer (TC) survivors (TCS): Results from a single institution observational prospective study.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, Nr. 6_suppl (20.02.2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.380.

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380 Background: TC represents 1% of male neoplasms but it is the most common in young adults. Interdisciplinary management with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery has led to a 10-year relative survival rate of up to 95%. These treatments (Tx) have short- and long-term side effects. While sexual dysfunction can reduce fertility, psychosocial distress can create relationship problems and finally affect the ability to procreate. Methods: From February 2020, we submitted a series of questionnaires to all the patients (pts) currently followed-up at the Istituto Oncologico Veneto free from TC recurrence for at least 2 years from the last Tx. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) were used. We also set up a questionnaire to investigate paternity and family status. Data about disease and treatments were collected from medical records. Results: 84 TCS completed the questionnaires, clinical data are reported in the table below. 29,8% of pts fathered children before diagnosis with a strong correlation with older age at diagnosis (45,4 vs 30,8 years, p<0,001). After Tx, 14 pts had children: 9 of which naturally, 2 out 6 were successful via assisted reproductive technology (ART) (including one patient that received high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation), 3 via adoption. 89,3% of pts had stable relationships. Of pts who did not have children: 13,1% claimed to be due to lack of a partner, 39,3% claimed to be unready, while 14,3% had tried unsuccessfully to conceive. While 28,6% pts claim to currently have fertility issues, only 8,3% of pts reported to have these issues before diagnosis. 70,2% of pts performed a spermiogram after Tx, 10 pts had spermatogenic impairment. Higher rate of sexual dysfunction after Tx was detected by questionnaires while only 4 pts claimed to have had a pre-existing issue prior to TC diagnosis. PEDT shows that 38,1% had premature ejaculation and that in 22,6% this issue is highly probable. IIEF confirms a high rate of erectile dysfunction (14,3% severe and 10,7% mild or moderate). No correlations were identified between sexual dysfuntion and previous Tx. Conclusions: Most TCS had not planned fatherhood while 16,7% had children after Tx and 14.3% tried unsuccessfully to conceive. ART and adoption is possible but challenging and little used. PEDT and IIEF found high rates of sexual dysfunction but no association with previous Tx were found. [Table: see text]

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Kharitonova, Natalya S. „Synthesis of Arts in Vasily Kandinsky's Creative Work“. Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 9, Nr. 4 (15.12.2017): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik9496-104.

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The author analyzes the processes associated with synthesis of arts at the turn of the 19-20th centuries basing on Russian artist Vasily V. Kandinskys creation. He felt a certain relationship between different kinds of art and the need for combining them to create something special, new and unique. For the first time, the artist wrote about this in his book Concerning The spiritual in art, where he articulated the idea of affinity of all kinds of art, especially music and painting. Defining pictorial art as a part of spiritual life that promotes the movement forward and upward, Kandinsky develops not only the theory of the influence of color and color combinations on the viewer, but argues that the form (abstract or geometric) has an inner sounding in turn. Thus, straight lines are youthful, the curves convey maturity, the point is a small world, the horizons sound cold and flat, the verticals are warm and sublime, sharp corners are warm, while straight lines are cold and austere. Vasily Kandinsky believed that the composition was a chord of colorful and picturesque forms that exist independently as such, which are caused by inner necessity and constitute the whole, called a painting. The artist claimed that our harmony is based mainly on the principle of color and sound contrast. Not accidentally, Vasily Kandinsky, noting a strong impression in his youth from Wagners operas, entered the Monogram signature on his works in the triangle, and used musical terms for titles of his works: improvisation, composition, Fugue, Concerto, Suite, and others. Defining the scenic arts as part of spiritual life, which contributes to moving forward and upward, Kandinsky developed not only the theory of color effects and color combinations on the viewer, but argued that the form (abstract or geometrical) has inner sound in turn.

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Gemci, Ayse Gul, und Bahar Ferah. „A triangulation process of street music in public spaces: a case study of Istanbul's Istiklal Avenue“. Open House International 45, Nr. 4 (28.09.2020): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-05-2020-0039.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the spatial interactions of street music in public spaces. It proposes to clarify why relationship between street music and people in public spaces is important and how street music evokes an external stimulus on people. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual framework of this paper is based on the triangulation process of Whyte and the qualities of public spaces, forming a relationship between space and people produced from the seminal literature of the paper. Accordingly, a case study based on the qualitative research method was conducted in Istiklal Avenue, where street music performances can be observed for long term. During the field work which spans a period of 12 months, 10 spots of street music performances have been observed and photo–video documentation was collected. Findings This paper provides empirical insights on how the triangulation process reflects social interactions in public spaces. This also suggests the triangulated position of street music as an external stimulus relating with the people as actors of daily urban flux. Research limitations/implications Regarding to the chosen research approach which is based on deeper understanding, this paper interrelates the interactions of street music and people in public space. Social implications This paper includes qualitative research steps of data collection and disaggregates findings with a “Cross Matrix Table” proposed at the end of the study. Originality/value The proposed disaggregating “Cross Matrix Table” and case study fulfil an architectural need to research how everyday street art activity can reflect the qualities of public space.

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Alcaide-Fernández, Joaquín. „The European Union, the Arctic, and International Law“. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, Nr. 2 (12.03.2018): 267–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13320009.

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Abstract The European Union (EU) is willing to participate as much as possible at the negotiation table to meet the challenges that the Arctic poses and benefit from the opportunities it offers. But the relationship between the EU and the Arctic is ‘problematic’ for both external (EU difficulties particularly with Canada and Russia) and internal reasons (substantive competing interests and ambivalent policies, discrepancies among member States and within EU institutions …). Without a specific policy tradition or a direct geographical link, the EU has not yet gained legitimacy to become a key ‘Arctic actor’ or stakeholder. The EU needs to take an active stance on issues relating to the Arctic (including maritime delimitation, which is critical for determining navigational rights, the scope of Art. 234, etc.); because otherwise, the EU reduces its chances to make an impact on the relevant international fora and, ultimately, on making and implementing Arctic international law.

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Ge, Shuguang, Xuesong Wang, Yuhu Cheng und Jian Liu. „Cancer Subtype Recognition Based on Laplacian Rank Constrained Multiview Clustering“. Genes 12, Nr. 4 (03.04.2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040526.

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Integrating multigenomic data to recognize cancer subtype is an important task in bioinformatics. In recent years, some multiview clustering algorithms have been proposed and applied to identify cancer subtype. However, these clustering algorithms ignore that each data contributes differently to the clustering results during the fusion process, and they require additional clustering steps to generate the final labels. In this paper, a new one-step method for cancer subtype recognition based on graph learning framework is designed, called Laplacian Rank Constrained Multiview Clustering (LRCMC). LRCMC first forms a graph for a single biological data to reveal the relationship between data points and uses affinity matrix to encode the graph structure. Then, it adds weights to measure the contribution of each graph and finally merges these individual graphs into a consensus graph. In addition, LRCMC constructs the adaptive neighbors to adjust the similarity of sample points, and it uses the rank constraint on the Laplacian matrix to ensure that each graph structure has the same connected components. Experiments on several benchmark datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm comparing to the state-of-the-art methods.

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Wieminaty, Aldi Febrian. „HUBUNGAN DURASI PIJAT BAYI DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR BAYI DI DESA SILO Tahun 2019“. MEDICAL JURNAL OF AL QODIRI 5, Nr. 1 (28.02.2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52264/jurnal_stikesalqodiri.v5i1.29.

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ABSTRACT Baby massage is art of medical treatment and therapy than knowing along human created in this world and have been practiced last century by hereditarily with soothsayer. The baby is a child which the old age is 0-12 months.In the Village area of South District Silo, obtained from 10 infants there were three babies who do not sleep or waking during sleep and seven other babies have to sleep soundly at night. therefore, researchers want to know is there any relationship between infants in the massage and no massage with baby sleep quality. Type of research isexperiment, research, systematic sampling with random sampling, the sample was 0-12 months old infants in the Village area Silo 36 infants. Data collected by questionnaire and data processing spread in tabulation with Chi square test. Than 50% of mothers who massage their babies in a baby who got 47.22% and 2.78% sleeping babies do not sleep soundly, and from 50% or a group of mothers who did not massage the baby was found 5.56% of babies sleep soundly and 44 , 44% of infants do not sleep soundly. After using the chi-square statistical test was found at 21.854, while the chi-square table with a dk of 3.841 (21.854> chi-square table value of 3.481), then the zero hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Contingency coefficient and hypothesis test with the results 0,641, The strength of the relationship 0.40 <KK <0.70 Fair means or medium. Of this research is expected the mothers to massage their babies with a good and loving on her baby.

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Pizzorusso, Ann C. „A portrait of central Italy's geology through Giotto's paintings and its possible cultural implications“. Geoscience Communication 3, Nr. 2 (15.12.2020): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-427-2020.

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Abstract. Central Italy has some of the most complex geology in the world. In the midst of this inscrutable territory, two people emerged – St. Francis and Giotto – and they would ultimately change the history of ecology, religion and art by extolling the landscapes and geology of this region. From antiquity to the Middle Ages, humans had a conflicting relationship with nature, seeing it as representing either divine or satanic forces. On the vanguard of a change in perspective toward the natural world was St. Francis of Assisi (ca. 1181–1226) who is now, thanks to his pioneering work, a patron of ecology. He set forth the revolutionary philosophy that the Earth and all living creatures should be respected as creations of the Almighty. St. Francis' affinity for the environment influenced the artist Giotto (ca. 1270–1337), who revolutionized art history by including natural elements in his religious works. By taking sacred images away from heaven and placing them in an earthly landscape, he separated them definitively from their abstract, unapproachable representation in Byzantine art. Giotto's works are distinctive because they portray daily life as blessed, thus demonstrating that the difference between the sacred and profane is minimal. Disseminating the new ideas of St. Francis visually was very effective, as the general populace was illiterate. Seeing frescoes reflecting their everyday lives in landscapes that were familiar changed their way of thinking. The trees, plants, animals and rocky landscapes were suddenly perceived as gifts from the Creator to be used, enjoyed and respected. Furthermore, Giotto recognized that the variety of dramatic landscapes would provide spectacular visual interest in the works. By including the striking landforms of central Italy, and portraying them accurately, Giotto allows us the opportunity to identify the types of rock in his frescoes and possibly even the exact locations he depicted. In fact, it would be discoveries in the pink Scaglia Rossa limestone – depicted in Giotto's frescoes as pink buildings and used to construct the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi – which would revolutionize the history of geology.

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Clink, Dena J., Abdul Hamid Ahmad und Holger Klinck. „Brevity is not a universal in animal communication: evidence for compression depends on the unit of analysis in small ape vocalizations“. Royal Society Open Science 7, Nr. 4 (April 2020): 200151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200151.

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Evidence for compression, or minimization of code length, has been found across biological systems from genomes to human language and music. Two linguistic laws—Menzerath's Law (which states that longer sequences consist of shorter constituents) and Zipf's Law of abbreviation (a negative relationship between signal length and frequency of use)—are predictions of compression. It has been proposed that compression is a universal in animal communication, but there have been mixed results, particularly in reference to Zipf's Law of abbreviation. Like songbirds, male gibbons ( Hylobates muelleri ) engage in long solo bouts with unique combinations of notes which combine into phrases. We found strong support for Menzerath's Law as the longer a phrase, the shorter the notes. To identify phrase types, we used state-of-the-art affinity propagation clustering, and were able to predict phrase types using support vector machines with a mean accuracy of 74%. Based on unsupervised phrase type classification, we did not find support for Zipf's Law of abbreviation. Our results indicate that adherence to linguistic laws in male gibbon solos depends on the unit of analysis. We conclude that principles of compression are applicable outside of human language, but may act differently across levels of organization in biological systems.

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Zhang, Xinzheng, Jili Xia, Xiaoheng Tan, Xichuan Zhou und Tao Wang. „PolSAR Image Classification via Learned Superpixels and QCNN Integrating Color Features“. Remote Sensing 11, Nr. 15 (06.08.2019): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151831.

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Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image classification plays an important role in various PolSAR image application. And many pixel-wise, region-based classification methods have been proposed for PolSAR images. However, most of the pixel-wise methods can not model local spatial relationship of pixels due to negative effects of speckle noise, and most of the region-based methods fail to figure out the regions with the similar polarimetric features. Considering that color features can provide good visual expression and perform well for image interpretation, in this work, based on the PolSAR pseudo-color image over Pauli decomposition, we propose a supervised PolSAR image classification approach combining learned superpixels and quaternion convolutional neural network (QCNN). First, the PolSAR RGB pseudo-color image is formed under Pauli decomposition. Second, we train QCNN with quaternion PolSAR data converted by RGB channels to extract deep color features and obtain pixel-wise classification map. QCNN treats color channels as a quaternion matrix excavating the relationship among the color channels effectively and avoiding information loss. Third, pixel affinity network (PAN) is utilized to generate the learned superpixels of PolSAR pseudo-color image. The learned superpixels allow the local information exploitation available in the presence of speckle noise. Finally, we fuse the pixel-wise classification result and superpixels to acquire the ultimate pixel-wise PolSAR image classification map. Experiments on three real PolSAR data sets show that the proposed approach can obtain 96.56%, 95.59%, and 92.55% accuracy for Flevoland, San Francisco and Oberpfaffenhofen data set, respectively. And compared with state-of-the-art PolSAR image classification methods, the proposed algorithm can obtained competitive classification results.

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Papanikolaou, Xenofon, Sarah K. Johnson, Tarun K. Garg, Erming Tian, Ruslana Tytarenko, Bart Barlogie, Joshua Epstein und Christoph Heuck. „The Antimalarial Agent Artesunate Exerts Its Antimyeloma Activity By Affecting The Mitochondria and The Reactive Oxygen Status Of The Myeloma Cells and Its Efficacy Depends On Intracellular Bivalent Iron Levels“. Blood 122, Nr. 21 (15.11.2013): 4444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4444.4444.

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Therapeutic advances have resulted in a 5 year life expectancy for patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) of 70% compared to 15% two decades ago. However MM remains incurable for a majority of patients and ultimately resistance to the most effective antimyeloma agents develops in the clinical setting of a late MM relapse. The antimalarial artesunate (ART) exerts potent antimyeloma activity in vitro by inducing a non-caspase mediated apoptosis without cross-resistance to other antimyeloma agents (Blood, Nov 2012; 120:4015). Non caspase mediated apoptosis is driven by the nuclear translocation of the mitochondrial factors AIF and EndoG which occurs in myeloma cells after ART treatment, as we have previously shown. Hence, we hypothesized that mitochondria constitute a primary target of ART in MM cells. Therefore we examined the effect of ART on the mitochondria by examining the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of the JJN3, RPMI and INA-6 myeloma cell lines, using the JC-1 dye as an indicator of the change in ΔΨm. ART produced a small but statistically significant change in the ΔΨm as early as 30 minutes after drug exposure (ΔΨm=0.222 vs. ΔΨm=0.327 p=0.021). This change held constant for 12 hours when a brisk and continuous increase in the ΔΨm was noticed. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the cellular ROS equilibrium and high levels of ROS are linked to the induction of apoptosis. We therefore proceeded with examining the effects of ART on the ROS status of the cells and on mitochondrial derived superoxide production. ART at 125 μΜ (IC90) caused an initial ROS increase within 30 minutes (829 vs. 701 fluorence units (FU) mean value, p=0.043); however, the ROS level decreased with continued drug exposure, reaching subnormal levels at 12 hours and afterwards (701 vs. 433 FU mean value, p<0.001). In contrast, bortezomib (BZ) at comparable effective dosage (10nM, IC90) produced ROS levels around normal at the 12h timepoint (701 vs 750 FU mean value, p=0.176). This decrease cannot be explained by the reduced number of viable cells, since early apoptosis, as measured by annexin V expression using flow cytometry, could only be detected after 12 hours. While subnormal ROS levels were detected by the general ROS stain H2DCFDA, staining with the mitochondria specific dye MitoSOX™ revealed high levels of mitochondrial derived superoxide as measured by flow cytometry. An iron dependent mechanism has been proposed for the antimalarial action of ART. We therefore examined the effect of iron on ART’s anti-MM efficacy. Supplementation of growth medium with 0.8 mg/L bivalent iron in the form of Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (a concentration resembling the normal iron concentration in human blood ) drastically increased ART efficacy as evidenced by a marked decrease in the IC50 of ART in the JJN3, INA-6, RPMI-8286, cell lines. The protein bound form of iron, holotransferrin, was not as effective in reducing the IC50, which did not achieve statistical significance when the trivalent form of iron was used (Table 1). Deferoxamine, a cell membrane permeating metal chelator with a specific affinity for iron, exerted clear antagonism to ART since IC50 could not be reached. However when the non cell membrane permeating metal chelator EDTA was used there was not a statistical significant effect ART’s IC50 in JJN3 and RPMI-8226 cells, suggesting that it is the intracellular bivalent form of iron that potentiates ART’s efficacy.Table 1IC50 (72h) on different forms of iron in three different MM cell linesMM cell lineIC50 μΜ (RPMI-1640)IC50 μΜ (RPMI+Fe+2)IC50 μΜ (RPMI+Fe+3)IC50 μΜ (RPMI+holotransferin)JJN316.42.7***14.6∼7.9***INA-618.94.1***17.5∼12.8**RPMI-82266.72.3***5.1*3.9*Fe+2 : iron sulfate heptahydrate, [Fe+2]= 0.8mg/L, Fe+3 :iron citrate, [Fe+3]=0.8mg/L, [holotransferin]: 1 μΜ.***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05, ∼p<0.1. Based on the different characteristics of apoptosis induced by ART, we next examined the combined effect of ART with known antimyeloma agents bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone, that do not share the mechanism of action or the effects of ART on ROS level in the JJN3 cells. ART exhibited an additive or synergistic effect with all agents (Interaction Index≤1.0) implying that low ROS is the aftermath of ART’s molecular action and that through its effect on the mitochondria cannot only act independently but also complement and augment the action of other anti myeloma agents. Disclosures: Barlogie: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Internation Myeloma Foundation: Consultancy, Honoraria; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; National Cancer Institute: Research Funding; Johnson & Johnson: Research Funding; Centocor: Research Funding; Onyx: Research Funding; Icon: Research Funding; Myeloma Health, LLC: Patents & Royalties.

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Brusotti, Marco. „Die Autonomie des ,souveränen Individuums‘ in Nietzsches Genealogie der Moral“. Nietzsche-Studien 48, Nr. 1 (01.11.2019): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nietzstu-2019-0003.

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Abstract The second essay of Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals introduces the ‘sovereign individual’ as ‘responsible’, ‘autonomous’ and ‘free’. Does this affirmative use of moral terminology reveal an unexpected affinity between Nietzsche’s thought and philosophical modernity? In the last decades, this issue has been at the heart of a vast and controversial debate. My analysis shows that, rather than throwing light on Nietzsche’s general position, the specific use of Kantian terms in this passage of GM is due to a polemical intention. Implicitly, Nietzsche rejects Eduard von Hartmann’s criticism of the ‘absolute sovereignty of the individual’. The author of the Phänomenologie des sittlichen Bewusstseins (1879) sees the most radical herald of this ‘sovereignty’ in Max Stirner. From Nietzsche’s point of view, Hartmann’s rejection and Stirner’s affirmation share a reductive conception of ‘sovereignty’. Reinterpreting and ‘revaluing’ Kant’s moral terminology, Nietzsche aims to give an interpretation of individual sovereignty that is at the same time antithetical to Stirner’s and wholly at odds with Hartmann’s ethical views. In showing this, the paper gives a new answer to an old question; for already in the 1890s, Hartmann himself, accusing Nietzsche of plagiarizing Stirner, raised the issue of the historical relationship between the two philosophers. More generally, the paper shows that Nietzsche employs a specific textual strategy, which consists in taking Kantian terms in an ‘anti-Kantian’ sense and systematically cultivating the art of using ‘a moral formula in a supramoral sense’.

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Flores-Figueroa, Eugenia, Sushama Varma, Kelli Montgomery, Peter L. Greenberg und Dita Gratzinger. „Increased CD271+ CXCL12 Chemokine Overproducing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Maintain Distinctive Association with CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor/Stem Cells in Myelodysplastic Syndrome“. Blood 118, Nr. 21 (18.11.2011): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2789.2789.

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Abstract Abstract 2789 Background: The bone marrow microenvironment provides a crucial hematopoietic niche for survival and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (HPSCs). The dysfunctional microenvironment in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may provide a new source of prognostic and diagnostic information and even provide insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. We used tissue microarray (TMA) techniques combined with semi-automated image acquisition using double immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to methodically and quantitatively analyze the interrelationships among key components of the bone marrow microenvironment and their relationships to CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells (HPSCs) in intact human bone marrow derived from archival diagnostic paraffin-embedded core biopsy specimens representing benign (NL), MDS, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnoses. Methods: Whole bone marrow core biopsies (13 NL, 11 MDS, 7 AML) and 1 mmTMA cores (5 NL, 6 MDS, 4 AML) were evaluated. The area occupied by stromal cell populations was assessed using freely available ImageJ software. Adjacency of CD34+ HPSCs to specific cell populations was manually quantitated on double immunofluorescent-stained whole TMA core images. Results: CD271 (low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor/pNGFR) highlights an extensive arborizing MSC population, whereas nestin and CD146 (melanoma cell adhesion molecule, MCAM) localize to specific vascular compartments. In MDS, CD271+ MSCs are markedly increased as compared to benign marrow (p=0.012), whereas there is no significant change in CD146, nestin, or CD163+ macrophage populations (Table 1). We document an intimate and conserved relationship of the CD271+ MSC population to CD34+ HPSCs and quantitate the preservation of this relationship in MDS (Fig 1, Table 2). Remarkably, the CD271+ MSC population is in intimate contact with the majority of CD34+ HPSCs (86% on average) across NL, MDS and AML marrows, whereas no significant contact is seen with nestin+ or CD146+ vascular elements. In benign bone marrow expression of the pro-survival chemokine CXCL12 is largely restricted to the vasculature, whereas in MDS and AML CD271+ MSCs abnormally express CXCL12. Conclusions: We propose that CD271+ MSCs are candidates for a pathophysiologic role in MDS, and are candidate prognostic/diagnostic markers. We hypothesize that the relationship of MDS and AML CD34+ blasts with abnormal CD271+ MSC likely exposes neoplastic CD34+ HPSCs to aberrant contact-dependent signaling via the chemokine CXCL12 or other signals. We propose that the increased, dysfunctional, and spatially disarranged CD271+ arborizing MSC infrastructure may contribute to the ineffective hematopoiesis that is a defining feature of MDS by promoting inappropriate proliferation/survival of CD34+ HPSCs and by failing to support trafficking of maturing hematopoietic cells to microenvironmental compartments where they receive specific contact-dependent signals. CD34+ HPSCs are in intimate and conserved contact with CD271+ MSCs at baseline and in myeloid neoplasia. CD34+ HPSCs (red) are in intimate contact with NGFR+ arborizing stromal cells (green). Representative photomicrographs of benign (NL), low-grade myelodysplastic syndrome/5Q minus (RA5Q), and high grade myelodysplastic syndrome/refractory anemia with excess blasts 2 (RAEB2). Disclosures: Greenberg: amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; onconova: Research Funding; glaxosmithkline: Research Funding; novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding.

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Mohammed, Rafed Kawan. „The Effect Of The Nature In Thomas Hardy, S Poetry“. Psychology and Education Journal 58, Nr. 1 (29.01.2021): 1023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.850.

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This research aims to discover the effect of Nature in Thomas Hardy's chosen literary works. The treatment of Hardy's ecology illustrates the roots of thought that have led to our contemporary environmental crisis. Hardy shares affinity by philosophically reconstructing society in the center of natural elements and images by introducing the true meaning of literary art and nature. Hardy self-consciously depicts the naked reality of nature, property, and the place of man as a reaction towards a mechanized and materialized culture that values technological innovations and expositions politically. Hardy has distinguished nature with his distinctive style and insight. Analyzing the work of Hardy helps to know the social and ecological critiques of Victoria on the relationship between the human environment that are biologically and psychologically fascinating and strange when it comes to placing humans into the universe. The research demonstrates how someone such as Hardy represented his knowledge of nature as a mere reflection of man's harmony or disharmony with his climate. Hardy promotes the belief that setting is an important and fundamental factor of human lives that has a direct effect on their lives consciously and unconsciously. Discussing different characters and their various attributes and functions concerning the natural world around them are of great importance for understanding the link between man and the environment. Hardy not only depicts in his novels but also in his poetry the portrayal of the true position of man in nature and the significance of this representation in human life.

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Hu, Yutao, Xuhui Liu, Baochang Zhang, Jungong Han und Xianbin Cao. „Alignment Enhancement Network for Fine-grained Visual Categorization“. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 17, Nr. 1s (31.03.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446208.

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Fine-grained visual categorization (FGVC) aims to automatically recognize objects from different sub-ordinate categories. Despite attracting considerable attention from both academia and industry, it remains a challenging task due to subtle visual differences among different classes. Cross-layer feature aggregation and cross-image pairwise learning become prevailing in improving the performance of FGVC by extracting discriminative class-specific features. However, they are still inefficient to fully use the cross-layer information based on the simple aggregation strategy, while existing pairwise learning methods also fail to explore long-range interactions between different images. To address these problems, we propose a novel Alignment Enhancement Network (AENet), including two-level alignments, Cross-layer Alignment (CLA) and Cross-image Alignment (CIA). The CLA module exploits the cross-layer relationship between low-level spatial information and high-level semantic information, which contributes to cross-layer feature aggregation to improve the capacity of feature representation for input images. The new CIA module is further introduced to produce the aligned feature map, which can enhance the relevant information as well as suppress the irrelevant information across the whole spatial region. Our method is based on an underlying assumption that the aligned feature map should be closer to the inputs of CIA when they belong to the same category. Accordingly, we establish Semantic Affinity Loss to supervise the feature alignment within each CIA block. Experimental results on four challenging datasets show that the proposed AENet achieves the state-of-the-art results over prior arts.

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Rameau, Hugues Georges, Claude Prepetit und Jean-Claude Verbrugge. „A suitable methodology for assessing impacts of successive rainfalls infiltration on road slope stability“. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 184, Nr. 1-2 (01.01.2013): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.184.1-2.171.

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Abstract Water precipitation in road slopes, pavements, and shoulders may cause disturbances such as erosion, increase of the water table level, decrease of the carriageway bearing capacity, and so on. Roads are normally equiped with drainage systems that are sized and implemented in accordance with the rules of art. These equipments are used for the collection and quick evacuation of water precipitation estimated on the basis of the return period that is taken into account. Despite that, rainwater can still infiltrate unprotected cut or fill slopes, and pavements for repeated and intense rainfalls, which may cause a raise in pore-water pressure and a decrease of the factor of safety of road slopes. Using laboratory rainfall simulation techniques, infiltration measurements were made on intact samples to determine with respect to soil properties, how cumulative rainfalls cause decrease in apparent cohesion and lead to slope failure. This paper focuses on describing the relationship between the rainfall characteristics, the changes in soil water profile, and the changes in apparent cohesion for sandy clay samples collected on the national road RN3 located in Haiti. For a set of consecutive rainfall events at around an interval of 24 hours, the results prove that when wetting front depth approaches 2 meters or more, the risk of landslide is proportionally high in a soil with apparent cohesion (Ca) initially high and an effective cohesion (c′) relatively low.

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Liang, Yilu, und Wanqi Shen. „Fan economy in the Chinese media and entertainment industry: How feedback from super fans can propel creative industries’ revenue“. Global Media and China 1, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2016): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436417695279.

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The media and entertainment industry in China is witnessing the changing nature of its relationships between fans and the artists/studios they follow. Fans, once merely passive recipients of marketing campaigns, are now shifting from sharing their original work (fan art, fan vids, fan fics) as active members of fan communities, and participants within the “gift economy”, to being content experts leveraged as co-creators by studios seeking to ensure the success of productions before they are released into the marketplace. China’s media and entertainment companies are beginning to embrace the creative powers of their fans, and are seeking new ways to develop, invest in, and nurture their fan community towards the co-creation of products, especially with high level “super fans”, surpassing the mere driving of purchases through lifestyle affinity. In this paper we define and discuss elements of Chinese “fans”, their evolving relationship with artists and studios, and their impact on the Chinese media and entertainment industry. This includes a description of fan “levels”, an adaptation of the ARPU (average revenue per unit) used to measure fan value, and a review of social media platforms that provide a technological base for company/fan interaction. We share examples from China’s music, film, and television industries based on interviews with industry practitioners, and offer some insights on how companies can benefit from this collaborative product development practice. In conclusion, we draw parallels between the direction of the fan-studio collaboration process with the rapidly expanding innovation process known as “design thinking”, where companies incorporate feedback from side-by-side collaboration with customers and expert users during the product development process.

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Vasilenko, E., V. Mazurov, S. Lapin, I. Kholopova, A. Dadalova und I. Gaydukova. „FRI0597 IMMUNOGLOBULIN A FOR CD74 AS AN ALTERNATIVE LABORATORY MARKER FOR DETERMINING THE ACTIVITY OF AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (Juni 2020): 904.2–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4364.

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Background:The level of acute phase indicators does not always correspond to the activity of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is remain normal in a third of cases of axSpA with present of active clinical symptoms [1]. Search for new biomarker that should have increased sensitivity and specificity compared to the CRP is needed. An alternative biomarker of axSpA activity could be an immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibody to an invariant chain peptide associated with class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (anti-CD74) [2].Objectives:is to determine the level of IgA anti-CD74 in patients with axSpA and its relationship with traditional indicators of disease activity.Methods:Totally, 137 patients with a reliable diagnosis of axial spondylitis (ASAS criteria, 2009) and 47 healthy volunteers were involved in the study. AxSpA activity indices (ASDAS, BASDAI) were calculated for all patients and IgA levels of anti-CD74, ESR and CRP were determined. The normal level according to the instructions for the laboratory kit for determining the level of IgA anti-CD74 is 12.0 U/L.Results:Patients and volunteers characteristics are present in Table 1.Table 1.Characteristic of the patients with axial spondyloarthritis (n=137) and healthy volunteers (n=47)IndicatorResultsAxSpA patientsHealthy volunteersMale, n (%)101 (73.7)19 (40.4)Age, years (mean±SD)43.4±13.349.0±11.0Disease duration, years (mean±SD)12.6±8.3Activity indicesASDAS, points (mean±SD)2.29±1.17BASDAI, points (mean±SD)3.02±2.0Laboratory markersCRP, mg/L (mean±SD)9.61±18.32.3±1.9Abnormal level of CRP, n (%)114 (83.2)4 (8.5)IgA anti-CD74, U/L (mean±SD) (fig.1)16.9±11.09.3±5.5Abnormal level of IgA anti-CD74, n (%)96 (70.1)15 (31.9)ESR, mm/h (mean±SD)24±7.88.5±7.9A direct relationship was found with a high power between an increase in the level of anti-CD74 (R=0.667) and an increase in the ASDAS (R=0.857) and BASDAI (R=0.842). The factor analysis showed that an increase in activity level according to ASDAS, BASDAI indices was associated with an increase in concentration of IgA anti-CD74. While CRP indicators (R=0.530) were associated only with the ASDAS index (R=0.760) (Table 2).Table 2.Factor loads of the relationships identified between the concentration of IgA anti-CD74 and the activity indices of axial spondyloarthritisIndicatorFactor loading (R)FactorFactor 1Factor 2Factor 3IgA anti-CD74--0.667BASDAI-0.8440.842ASDAS0.5300.9590.857BASFI-0.6140.820CRP0.760--«-» no significant association present.Figure. 1.Concentration of IgA anti-CD74 for healthy volunteers (left) and patients with axial spondylitis (right)As compared to controls sensitivity of IgA to anti-CD74 was 64,7%, specificity of this method was 68,1%.Conclusion:The concentration of IgA to anti-CD74 is increased in 70.1% of pts with axSpA and associated with an increase in disease activity detected with ASDAS and BASDAI, independently from CRP. More data are needed in detection of sensitivity and specificity of IgA to CD74 in axSpA.References:[1] Turina MC, et al. RMD Open. 2017;3(1):e000319. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000319[2] Elke Riechers, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(5):729-735. doi: 10.1002/art.40777Disclosure of Interests:Elizaveta Vasilenko: None declared, V Mazurov: None declared, Sergey Lapin: None declared, Irina Kholopova: None declared, Anna Dadalova: None declared, Inna Gaydukova Grant/research support from: JSC BIOCAD, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, AbbVie, JSC BIOCAD, Сelgene, MSD, Sanofi

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Тарасенко, О. А., und А. А. Тарасенко. „Світобудова Михайла Гуйди“. Art and Design, Nr. 2 (11.08.2021): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2021.2.14.

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Purpose of the article is to show the particular features of the model of the universe in the genre portrait-paintings and compositions of the modern Ukrainian artist M. E. Guyda are investigated. Historico-culturalogical, comparative, iconographic and iconological methods are applied. The ideological content and the particular features of the formal solution of figurative compositions are considered in the context of the heritage of world art. The national character of the images and symbols of the house, the clan and the native land are revealed; as is the nature of the manifestation of the relationship of the earthly and the heavenly. It was found that in the center of creation in compositions of M. E. Guyda is a spiritually inspired person from the folk. The depiction of people of different ages in interaction with nature helps to convey a natural course of time. It was clarified that the European aristocratic ceremonial portrait is foundational for the Ukrainian master. Artistic-stylistic analysis revealed that in the portrait-paintings "At the Well" (2013) and "Baba Kilyna" (2016), canonical composition was transformed by the artist through the expansion of space filled with individual symbolic content. The components of the ritual ceremonial portrait (columns, draperies, table-altar) are transformed into the image of a Cossack courtyard with a hedge, a tree of life, a well, a rainbow path. In the painting "Green Festivities" (2004), the house is shown as a temple. In the composition "Chumatsky Way" (2014), the world is presented as a universe – a model of the universe-house, with the architectonics of earth and sky. Scientific novelty is that the transformation of the canonical composition of the ceremonial portrait in the work of the contemporary artist M. E. Guyda is shown. The cultural and historical content of the master’s compositions was studied in connection with the problems of national self-identification and polystylism of the art of the twentieth century.is that the appeal to archetypes and symbols allowed the artist to expand the chamber space of his native Cossack house-yard to the "Model of Guyda’s Universe". The persuasiveness of individual pictorial images and symbols is based on the unity of personal, emotional perception of life with supra-individual mythological thinking. Practical significance. The presented materials, their artistic and stylistic analysis and generalization can be used in scientific research devoted to the art of portrait painting in Ukraine and in the world.

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Oberkampf, William L., Timothy G. Trucano und Charles Hirsch. „Verification, validation, and predictive capability in computational engineering and physics“. Applied Mechanics Reviews 57, Nr. 5 (01.09.2004): 345–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1767847.

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Developers of computer codes, analysts who use the codes, and decision makers who rely on the results of the analyses face a critical question: How should confidence in modeling and simulation be critically assessed? Verification and validation (V&V) of computational simulations are the primary methods for building and quantifying this confidence. Briefly, verification is the assessment of the accuracy of the solution to a computational model. Validation is the assessment of the accuracy of a computational simulation by comparison with experimental data. In verification, the relationship of the simulation to the real world is not an issue. In validation, the relationship between computation and the real world, ie, experimental data, is the issue. This paper presents our viewpoint of the state of the art in V&V in computational physics. (In this paper we refer to all fields of computational engineering and physics, eg, computational fluid dynamics, computational solid mechanics, structural dynamics, shock wave physics, computational chemistry, etc, as computational physics.) We describe our view of the framework in which predictive capability relies on V&V, as well as other factors that affect predictive capability. Our opinions about the research needs and management issues in V&V are very practical: What methods and techniques need to be developed and what changes in the views of management need to occur to increase the usefulness, reliability, and impact of computational physics for decision making about engineering systems? We review the state of the art in V&V over a wide range of topics, for example, prioritization of V&V activities using the Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT), code verification, software quality assurance (SQA), numerical error estimation, hierarchical experiments for validation, characteristics of validation experiments, the need to perform nondeterministic computational simulations in comparisons with experimental data, and validation metrics. We then provide an extensive discussion of V&V research and implementation issues that we believe must be addressed for V&V to be more effective in improving confidence in computational predictive capability. Some of the research topics addressed are development of improved procedures for the use of the PIRT for prioritizing V&V activities, the method of manufactured solutions for code verification, development and use of hierarchical validation diagrams, and the construction and use of validation metrics incorporating statistical measures. Some of the implementation topics addressed are the needed management initiatives to better align and team computationalists and experimentalists in conducting validation activities, the perspective of commercial software companies, the key role of analysts and decision makers as code customers, obstacles to the improved effectiveness of V&V, effects of cost and schedule constraints on practical applications in industrial settings, and the role of engineering standards committees in documenting best practices for V&V. There are 207 references cited in this review article.

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Wuebben, Daniel. „CAPTAIN FREDERICK MARRYAT ANDTHE FLORAL TELEGRAPH; OR, A FORGOTTEN CODER AND HIS FLORAL CODE“. Victorian Literature and Culture 42, Nr. 2 (10.03.2014): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150313000454.

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This essay examinesthe floral telegraph;A New Mode of Communication by Floral Signals, a rare Victorian novel published anonymously in 1836 and reprinted in 1850 with a new tagline –The Floral Telegraph; Or, Affection's Signals. The reprint includes an ascription to Captain Frederick Marryat, Royal Navy (1792–1848) (See Figure 5). The majority of Marryat's biographers, scholars, and archivists have doubted the posthumous ascription. Here, I challenge the critical consensus and argue that Marryat did indeed writeThe Floral Telegraphpublished in 1836 and that the attribution of 1850 is correct. I begin with a biographical sketch of Marryat, a brief synopsis of the novel, and a review of its scant, mostly skeptical reception. I then argue that the “floral code” presented in the text resembles (albeit through parody) Marryat's famous codebook for maritime flag signals and that the Captain's acknowledged interest in botany and horticulture gave him the fluency necessary to create the Table of Flowers (See Figure 6). In addition, Marryat had a strong relationship with the novel's publisher, Saunders and Otley, and he was the editor of theMetropolitan, a literary magazine which ran a favorable review shortly afterThe Floral Telegraphwas first published. The narrative also reflects Marryat's stylistic tendency to satire and parody and his ideas about literacy and widespread publication seem to be inversely reflected in the ironic digressions of the unreliable narrator, Horace Honeycomb, and the diatribe against the “cursed and abominable art of Printing” (117) offered by the inventor of the floral code, Floribel. I conclude my essay by viewingThe Floral Telegraphas representative of early Victorian issues of literacy, affect, and disembodied, long-distance communication in the age immediately preceding the advent of the electromagnetic telegraph.

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Wieminaty, Aldi Febrian. „Hubungan Pemijatan Bayi Oleh Ibu Dengan Kualitas Tidur Bayi Di Desa Banyuputih Kidul Kecamatan Jatiroto Kabupaten Lumajang“. Jurnal Midpro 11, Nr. 1 (15.06.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/midpro.v11i1.91.

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Pijat bayi adalah seni perawatan kesehatan dan pengobatan yang dikenal sejak awal manusia diciptakan di dunia serta telah dipraktekkan sejak berabad-abad tahun silam secara turun-temurun oleh dukun bayi. Yang disebut bayi adalah anak yang berumur 0-12 bulan.Di Wilayah Desa Banyuputih Kidul Kecamatan Jatiroto Kabupaten Lumajang, didapatkan dari 10 bayi terdapat 3 bayi yang tidak nyenyak atau terbangun saat tidur dan 7 bayi lainnya mengalami nyenyak saat tidur malam. oleh karena itu peneliti ingin mengetahui adakah hubungan antara bayi yang di pijat dan tidak dipijat dengan kualitas tidur bayi.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian experiment, pengambilan sampel dengan sistematik random sampling, sampel yang digunakan adalah bayi berusia 0-12 bulan di wilayah Desa Banyuputih Kidul sebanyak 36 bayi. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara menyebar kuesioner dan pengolahan data secara tabulasi dengan uji statistik Chi square.Dari 50% ibu yang memijat bayinya di dapatkan 47,22% bayi yang tidur lelap dan 2,78% bayi yang tidur tidak lelap, dan dari 50% atau kelompok ibu yang tidak memijat bayinya didapatkan 5,56% bayi yang tidur lelap dan 44,44% bayi tidur tidak lelap.Setelah dilakukan uji statistik chi-square didapatkan c2 sebesar 21,854, sedangkan c2 tabel chi-square dengan dk 1 sebesar 3,841 (21,854> nilai chi-square tabel 3,481), maka hipotesa nol (Ho) ditolak. Dan dilakukan uji koefisien kontingensi Hipotesis dengan hasil 0.641, Nilai kekuatan hubungan 0,40 < KK < 0,70 Cukup berarti atau sedang.Dari penelitian ini diharapkan para ibu untuk memijat bayinya dengan baik dan penuh kasih sayang pada bayinya.Kata kunci : Pemijatan Bayi, Kualitas Tidur Bayi ABSTRACT Baby massage is art of medical treatment and therapy than knowing along human created in this world and have been practiced last century by hereditarily with soothsayer. The baby is a child which the old age is 0-12 months. In the Village area of South District Banyuputih Jatiroto Lumajang, obtained from 10 infants there were three babies who do not sleep or waking during sleep and seven other babies have to sleep soundly at night. therefore, researchers want to know is there any relationship between infants in the massage and no massage with baby sleep quality. Type of research is experiment, research, systematic sampling with random sampling, the sample was 0-12 months old infants in the Village area of South Banyuputih 36 infants. Data collected by questionnaire and data processing spread in tabulation with Chi square test. Than 50% of mothers who massage their babies in a baby who got 47.22% and 2.78% sleeping babies do not sleep soundly, and from 50% or a group of mothers who did not massage the baby was found 5.56% of babies sleep soundly and 44 , 44% of infants do not sleep soundly. After using the chi-square statistical test was found at 21.854, while the chi-square table with a dk of 3.841 (21.854> chi-square table value of 3.481), then the zero hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Contingency coefficient and hypothesis test with the results 0,641, The strength of the relationship 0.40 <KK <0.70 Fair means or medium. Of this research is expected the mothers to massage their babies with a good and loving on her baby. Keywords: Baby Massage, Baby Sleep Quality

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Pro, Barbara, Bertrand Coiffier, Steven M. Horwitz, Adam Boyd, Ellen Neylon, Steven Fruchtman und Owen A. O'Connor. „Correlation Between Baseline Methylmalonic Acid Status and Mucositis Severity in the PROPEL Study: Implications for Vitamin Prophylaxis.“ Blood 114, Nr. 22 (20.11.2009): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1681.1681.

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Abstract Abstract 1681 Poster Board I-707 Background The rationally designed antifolate, pralatrexate, has high affinity for reduced folate carrier-1 (RFC-1) and was designed to be retained longer within cancer cells due to efficient polyglutamation by folylpolyglutamyl synthetase (FPGS). Prophylactic vitamin supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 is often used by physicians to minimize toxicities seen with antifolate chemotherapy (Scagliotti GV, JCO 2003; 21:1556). Nutritional status is a concern for cancer patients in general, and particularly for patients with aggressive disease that have been treated previously. In the PROPEL study, a pivotal international multi-center Phase 2 study of pralatrexate in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), patients were treated with pralatrexate and received folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Patients in PROPEL had been treated with a median of three prior regimens, and an overall response rate of 28% by independent central review was observed. The most common grade 3-4 toxicities were thrombocytopenia (32%) and mucositis (22%). This report includes analyses of baseline MMA, Hcy, and RBC folate levels and their association with thrombocytopenia or mucositis in the PROPEL trial. Methods Patients received pralatrexate 30 mg/m2 IV weekly for 6 weeks in 7-week cycles and supplementation with vitamin B12 (1 mg IM q8-10 wks) and folic acid (1.0-1.25 mg PO daily). Eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed PTCL, disease progression after ≥ 1 prior treatment, and ECOG performance status £ 2. MMA, Hcy and RBC folate levels were measured at baseline, prior to vitamin initiation. A linear model was used to estimate the relationship (slope) between each of these baseline values and the maximum grade of mucositis and thrombocytopenia. Results Of the 115 patients enrolled, 111 were evaluable for safety and 109 were evaluable for response. Eighty-nine had baseline MMA levels, 91 had baseline Hcy levels, and 75 had baseline RBC folate levels before initiation of vitamin supplementation. Baseline values are summarized by the highest grade of thrombocytopenia or mucositis in the Table. The linear relationship between maximum mucositis grade on study (0 vs 1-2 vs 3-4) and baseline MMA was statistically significant (slope estimate = 43.3 nmol/L, p = 0.039). In addition, there was a trend for increasing MMA and increasing severity of thrombocytopenia that did not meet statistical significance (slope estimate = 17.6 μmol/L, p = 0.267). No other significant relationships were noted. Conclusions In the subset of relapsed or refractory PTCL patients tested for MMA levels in the PROPEL study, higher levels of baseline MMA were associated with increased severity of mucositis. There was an association between MMA and severity of thrombocytopenia that did not reach statistical significance. RBC folate and Hcy were not predictive of the severity of mucositis and thrombocytopenia in this analysis. Because patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL may have poor nutritional status, all patients treated with pralatrexate, including those with elevated MMA, should be supplemented with vitamins. Additional studies may be warranted to define the relationship between MMA levels and the development of mucositis and thrombocytopenia among patients treated with pralatrexate. Disclosures Pro: Allos Therapeutics, Inc: Research Funding. Horwitz:Allos Therapeutics, Inc: Consultancy, Research Funding. Boyd:Allos Therapeutics, Inc.: Employment. Fruchtman:Allos Therapeutics, Inc.: Employment.

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Campinha-Bacote, Avrita, Peter C. Trask und Fabio Efficace. „The Prognostic Value for Survival of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Hematological Malignancies: A Systematic Review“. Blood 128, Nr. 22 (02.12.2016): 4793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4793.4793.

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Abstract Introduction: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are now critical to more comprehensively evaluate treatment outcomes in oncology. There is convincing evidence indicating that, similarly to traditional biomarkers, PROs may also predict survival outcomes. This systematic review examined state of the art literature on the prognostic value of PROs for survival in hematological malignancies. Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar from 2000-2016 for studies assessing the predictive relationship between PROs and overall survival (OS) in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML), Chronic Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL), Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (iNHL), Follicular Lymphoma (FL), marginal Zone Lymphoma (mZL), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), and Multiple Myeloma (MM). Search terms included but were not limited to: quality of life, physical functioning, predictive/prognostic, survival, patient-reported outcomes, and fatigue. Studies were excluded if they did not use multivariate analyses, did not examine OS as an endpoint, were case reports, did not report results for PROs, were reported in an abstract only, or used only clinician-reported outcomes as a predictor. A pre-defined data extraction form (DEF) was used to assess the following data from each article: disease, sample size, demographics, type of PRO measures included, clinical parameters included as predictors, type of analysis, and outcomes assessed. Results: 223 articles were reviewed of which 13 met the inclusion criteria (6 AML/MDS, 3 MM, 2 aggressive lymphomas, 1 mixed heme diagnoses, and 1 DLBCL). PROs in these studies were captured with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - Core30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) or the EORTC myeloma module 24 item (MY24), a health-related quality of life questionnaire for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (QOL-E), Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment (FACT) or Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), and the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI). PROs that were independently associated with OS in multivariate analyses from the different studies were: physical function, fatigue, pain, difficulty with strenuous activity, and impaired physical performance in AML patients; physical function and fatigue in MM; fatigue in MDS; global/total QOL and functional well-being in aggressive lymphomas; drowsiness in a mixed group of heme diagnoses; and global QOL, function, and symptoms/signs in DLBCL (see Table). Baseline PROs were obtained following diagnosis of de novo or relapsed disease in 3 studies, within 6 months of registration in 1 study, and prior to any treatment in 6 studies. Conclusions: PROs related to physical functioning, fatigue, and performance were the most common predictors of OS in hematological malignancies and remained significant indicators even after accounting for clinical variables. This review highlights the prognostic value of PROs in both newly diagnosed and relapsed patients, and argues for their use in clinical decision-making and risk assessment at the time of diagnosis and pre-treatment. It also raises the question of how baseline PROs should be used in assessing new treatments within clinical trials in order to identify patients who may respond better to treatments or be in need of pre-treatment adjuvant therapy. Table Table. Disclosures Campinha-Bacote: Genentech, Inc.: Employment. Trask:Genentech, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Efficace:Lundbeck: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; TEVA: Consultancy, Research Funding.

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Quarmyne, Maa-Ohui, Janet Figueroa, Courtney McCracken, Charles T. Quinn, Clark Brown und Clinton H. Joiner. „Effect of Acute Transfusion on Cerebral Oxygenation in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease“. Blood 130, Suppl_1 (07.12.2017): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.988.988.

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Abstract Introduction : The molecular abnormality in sickle hemoglobin (HbS) produces a unique cellular pathology characterized by fragile and rigid red blood cells which block the microcirculation, which, in concert with large vessel vasculopathy and the anemia of sickle cell disease (SCD), compromises oxygen delivery to the brain and other organs. Long-term, periodic transfusions are commonly used to prevent and ameliorate neurologic complications related to vasculopathy, particularly stroke. Despite widespread use of transfusions, little is known about the physiological effects on cerebral O2 delivery, which represents an integration of multiple, potentially opposing processes. While increased hematocrit improves O2 carrying capacity, the consequent elevation of blood viscosity has the potential to impede blood flow to cerebral tissue. Also, 2,3-BPG levels in stored blood are depleted, temporarily impairing O2 delivery. Advances in cerebral oximetry (using near infrared spectroscopy) provide an opportunity to address these issues directly to study cerebral oxygenation following transfusions in SCD. The FORE-SIGHT© cerebral oximeter (CAS Medical Systems) measures cerebral tissue hemoglobin saturation (SCTO2), a mixture of arterial and venous oxygen saturation (30:70) in a voxel of tissue near the gray-white junction in the frontal lobes. Using measured arterial Hb saturation (SaO2) by peripheral pulse oximetry and SCTO2 by cerebral oximetry, cerebral venous Hb saturation (SvO2) can be derived. Additionally, using a measured HbO2 affinity curve derived at the time of SCTO2 determination, SvO2 can be converted to venous oxygen tension, PvO2. PvO2 is in dynamic equilibrium with tissue oxygen tension and represents the best estimate of tissue oxygenation. The primary objective of this study was to use cerebral oximetry to assess and monitor cerebral tissue oxygenation following an elective pre-operative RBC transfusion. Methods : This pilot prospective cohort study enrolled 12 patients with sickle cell anemia (SS, Sb0 thalassemia) in steady-state, who had elective, pre-operative transfusions. Patients who had received transfusion within 3 months or had known cerebral vasculopathy were excluded. Nine patients completed the planned 3 months of study follow up. Two patients were taken off study within a week of enrollment because of difficulties with cerebral oximetry measurements. One did not follow-up after 2 months of participation. Each patient had measurements of SCTO2 prior to the initiation of transfusion, continuously during transfusion, and at predetermined times points post-transfusion, for up to 3 months. Other parameters related to cerebral Hb oxygenation were also measured, including Hb, HbA, HbF, HbS, P50 and 2,3-BPG. The relationship between cerebral oxygenation with age and other predictors of oxygenation was assessed using linear mixed models. The first two post-transfusion measurements (within 96 hours) were compared against pre-transfusion measurements using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results : SCTO2 was significantly associated with age (p=0.02), Hb (p=0.01) and HbA % (p=0.03 (Table 1). Immediately post-transfusion, SCTO2, increased from median values of 58% to 68.5%, p 0.004 (Table 2). Arterial saturation (SaO2) was unchanged post-transfusion, thus the increase in SCTO2 resulted in an increased (calculated) venous saturation (SvO2). P50 fell post transfusion, as expected, and despite increased SvO2, PvO2 remained unchanged. Arterial and venous oxygen content (CaO2, CvO2) increased post transfusion as expected because Hb and SvO2 increased. However, the difference in arterial and venous oxygen content (CdO2 = CaO2 - CvO2) remained unchanged after transfusion. Similar trends in these parameters were observed in second measurements made up to 96 hours after transfusion (Table 2). Since oxygen delivery equals CdO2 × blood flow, cerebral oxygen delivery would only increase if blood flow were increased by transfusion, contrary to reports {Neurology. 1989 Mar;39(3):344-8; Stroke 25:2153-8, 1994}. Conclusion: Although cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SCTO2) increased after acute transfusion, calculated tissue oxygen tension (PvO2) and apparent oxygen delivery (CdO2) remained unchanged, providing no evidence for acute improvement in cerebral oxygenation after transfusion in SCD. Disclosures Quinn: Global Blood Therapeutics: Research Funding.

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Richardson, Paul G., Joseph Mikhael, Thierry Facon, William I. Bensinger, Sandrine Macé, Marielle Chiron, Helgi van de Velde, Frank Campana, Li Liu und Michel Attal. „The Relationship between Baseline Biomarkers and Efficacy of Isatuximab in Combination with Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in RRMM: Insights from Phase 1 and Phase 3 Studies“. Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 3179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128071.

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Background: Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy has become an integral component of treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) but not all patients respond. Identification of predictive biomarkers could help clinicians identify the best treatment course for a patient. We present baseline biomarker analyses on samples from a Phase 1 (Study 1; NCT02283775) and Phase 3 (Study 2; NCT02990338 [ICARIA-MM]) clinical study that evaluated the addition of isatuximab (Isa), an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, to pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Pd) for the treatment of RRMM. CD38 receptor density (RD), FCGR3A (Fc immunoglobulin receptor) genotype, and bone marrow or peripheral blood immunophenotyping were evaluated as potential predictive biomarkers for a response to the Isa-Pd regimen. Methods: Both studies enrolled similar patient populations with RRMM who had received ≥2 prior lines of therapy including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor. Baseline blood samples were taken prior to first treatment in both studies; in addition, a bone marrow sample was taken during screening in Study 1. In Study 1, bone marrow plasma cells were analyzed for CD38 RD. Immune cell populations (CD19+ B-cell, CD3+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell, regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and natural killer (NK) cells [CD56+ bright CD16+ low subset and CD56+ dim CD16+ bright subset]) were characterized using blood samples and bone marrow aspirates. Blood samples from both studies were analyzed for FCGR3A genotyping (V158 and F158 high- and low-affinity alleles). Biomarker results were correlated with response, defined as at least partial response according to IMWG criteria. Results: Study 1 enrolled and treated 45 patients with Isa-Pd. Study 2 randomized 154 patients to Isa-Pd and 153 patients to Pd. Baseline patient demographics were similar for both studies and the median number of prior lines of therapy was 3 (range: 1-10) for Study 1 and 3 (2-11) for Study 2. The overall response rates (ORR) with Isa-Pd were 62.2% (28/45) in Study 1 and 60.4% (93/154) in Study 2. In Study 1, the median CD38 RD, for 31 patients with evaluable results, was 108,172 receptors/cancer cell (range: 12,950-337,335). In patients responding to Isa-Pd (n=21), the median CD38 RD value was 120,931 (48,770-337,335) receptors/cancer cell; in patients not responding to Isa-Pd (n=10), the median CD38 RD value was 85,370 (range 12,950-309,003) receptors/cancer cell. Univariate analysis in Study 1 showed no association between CD38 RD and ORR (p=0.2870). Across five Phase 1/2 clinical studies with Isa, 4/198 patients (2.0%) had a CD38 RD level below 48770, the lowest value in a responder patient. FCGR3A genotyping results were available for both studies. Across both studies, the distribution of the F158V single nucleotide polymorphism of FCGR3A gene was 42% for F/F, 42% for F/V and 16% for V/V. In both studies, responses were observed for all 3 genotypes (Table 1). In Study 1, the observed ORRs with the Isa-Pd regimen for the 3 genotypes ranged from 50.0% to 80.0%, whereas in the larger Phase 3 Study 2, the ORR was more similar across genotypes (range 56.9% to 65.5%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) ranged from 8.97 months to 14.78 months and Isa-Pd showed a PFS benefit vs Pd for all 3 genotypes (Table 1). In Study 1, 42 patients had at least one baseline peripheral blood immune biomarker value; of these, 17 patients were non-responders and 25 patients were responders. In addition, 41 patients had at least one baseline bone marrow immune biomarker measurement (16 were non-responders and 25 were responders). No significant difference was observed between responders and non-responders for the tested immune biomarkers in bone marrow during screening. P-values were 0.2817 (CD19+ B-cell), 0.6446 (CD3+ T-cell), 0.7780 (CD4+ T-cell), 0.1620 (Tregs), 0.9591 (NK cell), 0.8275 (CD56+ bright/CD16+ low NK cell), and 0.7389 (CD56+ dim/CD16+ bright NK cell). Similarly, there was no significant difference between responders and non-responders for the immune biomarkers in baseline blood samples. Conclusion: Biomarker analyses on samples from patients treated with Isa-Pd did not find a significant association between tumor response and baseline bone marrow plasma cell CD38 RD, FCGR3A genotype, or immunophenotypes in bone marrow plasma cells or peripheral blood. These results suggest there is no benefit in prescreening patients for these parameters before treatment with Isa-Pd. Disclosures Richardson: Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Facon:Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Bensinger:Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, Merck, Karyopharm: Other: Grant; Amgen, Celgene: Other: Personal Fees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda, Janssen: Speakers Bureau. Macé:Sanofi: Employment. Chiron:Sanofi: Employment. van de Velde:Sanofi: Employment. Campana:Sanofi: Employment. Liu:Sanofi: Employment. OffLabel Disclosure: Isatuximab is an investigational agent and has not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration or any other regulatory agency worldwide for the uses under investigation.

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Liefferinckx, C., M. Fassin, D. Thomas, C. Minsart, A. Cremer, L. Amininejad, V. Tafciu, V. Wambacq, A. Van Gossum und D. Franchimont. „P346 Single-centre experience of ustekinumab: Therapeutic drug monitoring in Crohn’s disease patients“. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (Januar 2020): S331—S333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.475.

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Abstract Background Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a diagnostic tool in the monitoring of anti-TNF therapies. Yet, the benefit for TDM of new biologics such as ustekinumab (USK) is still controversial in real-world experiences. Methods This monocentric retrospective study aims to correlate USK trough levels (TLs) with clinical and endoscopic data. All patients have given written consent to the Biobank (B2011/005). Endoscopic disease was defined as quiescent in absence of endoscopic lesions, mild disease in presence of few superficial ulcerations, moderate in presence of several ulcers and severe in presence of numerous deep ulcers and/or inflammatory stenosis. 313 serum USK samples from 67 Crohn’s disease patients were used to measure USK TL (USK ELISA, apDia) while 88 samples (at week 16, and before and after optimisation) were used to measure anti-drug antibody (ADA), using a drug-tolerant affinity capture elution anti-ustekinumab assay Results Demographic and baseline data of our population are presented in Table 1. The median follow-up was 73 weeks (IQR 39–92). An optimisation due to loss of response was required in 44.8% of patients (n = 30) after a median time of 38 weeks (IQR 24–55). To evaluate the drug efficacy, an endoscopy was performed in 61% of cases at a median time of 35 weeks (IQR 27–47). TLs were 5.2 µg/ml (IQR 2.1–8.8), 1.7 µg/ml (IQR 0.3–4.3) and 2.6 µg/ml (IQR 0.6–4.1) at week 8, 16 and 24, respectively. TLs at week 8 were correlated to the induction IV dose administrated (r = 0.3, p = 0.03). At week 16, low TLs were associated with higher endoscopic activity in the follow-up (p = 0.02), although this was not the case at week 8 (p = 0.5) (Figure 1). Patients not requiring an optimisation had higher TLs in maintenance than patients requiring optimisation (2.45 µg/ml (IQR 1.3–4.4) vs. 1.15 µg/ml (IQR 0.1–2.24), p = 0.008). Obviously, optimisation significantly increased TLs (1.15 µg/ml (IQR 0.1–2.24) vs. 6.6 µg/ml (IQR 2.3–11.3), p < 0.001). ADA were undetectable in all the measured samples in maintenance. Conclusion This real-world experience confirms a drug exposure-endoscopic response relationship. Week 16 seems to be an appropriate time point to monitor drug exposure. Earlier USK TLs, at week 8, appear less valuable to be monitored due to the influence of initial IV dose. The absence of immunogenicity suggests that it is not a key driver in the loss of response.

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Torlasco, Camilla, Elena Cassinerio, Patrizia Pedrotti, Andrea Faini, Marco Capecchi, Amna Abdel-Gadir, Gianfranco Parati, James C. Moon, Maria Domenica Cappellini und Alberto Roghi. „Role of T1 Mapping As a Complementary Tool to T2* for Cardiac Iron Overload Assessment“. Blood 128, Nr. 22 (02.12.2016): 3624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3624.3624.

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Abstract Introduction. Iron overload-related heart failure is the principal cause of death in transfused Thalassemia Major (TM) (Modell B, Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008;10:42-48). Iron toxicity is dose dependent so a strategy of chelation therapy titration (Kirk P, Circ 2009;120:1961-1968) before the onset of left ventricle (LV) impairment changes outcomes (AlpenduradaF, Eur Heart J. 2010; 31:1648-54). The presence of iron in tissue detectably changes the magnetic properties of water, T1, T2 and T2*, as validated against tissue in animal and human models (Carpenter JP, Circ 2011;14:1519-28). T2*, the most used technique, is susceptible to non-iron influence (susceptibility artefact) and has low accuracy for high and low iron levels (Carpenter JP, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;12:16-62). T1 mapping could complement T2* as it appears to have superior reproducibility and to detect mild iron missed by T2* (Abdel-Gadir A. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2015;17(Suppl1):P312. Sado DM, J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015;41:1505-11), but studies to date have been small and not using state-of-the-art sequences. Methods. In a prospectively single centre study of 138 TM patients and 32 healthy volunteers (HV) (no known medical conditions, normal CMR scan), we compared T1 mapping (Modifier Lock Locker Inversion sequence - MOLLI - Siemens Works in progress 448B) to the gold-standard dark (DB) and bright (BB) blood T2*, acquired on an Avanto 1.5T (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). For both T2* sequences, a single 10mm mid-ventricular short axis slice was imaged at 8 echo-times (2.58ms to 18.19ms, increment 2.23ms), flip angle=20¡, FOV read/phase=400mm/56,3%. The same slice was used for T1 images (thickness 6mm, distance factor=67%, FOV read/phase=360/75%, TR=740, TE=1.13, with motion correction for the in-line map generation). Results and discussion.All participants provided informed consent. Table1 illustrates patients' and HV's details. T2* was defined normal under the cutpoint value of 20ms. T1 normal range, defined by the HV cohort was 918-1015ms (the 2.5-97.5 quantiles with CI 95%). For DBT2*<20ms, both BBT2* and T1 mapping were broadly indistinguishable from DBT2* (DBT2* vs BBT2* R2=0.95; DBT2* vs T1 R2=0.92; all p<0.001). All subjects with low DBT2* (n=24, 17.4%) had low T1; 52 patients had normal DBT2* but low T1 mapping, i.e. 38% patients were reclassified from normal to iron loaded by T1. The relationship between DBT2* and MOLLI was described by a log-log linear regression (R2=0.80, p<0.001). Upper panel of Fig1 shows T1 vs DBT2* correlation over a 20ms window as the window moves by 1ms at a time on X-axis (so at X-axis point 'n', the Y-value is the R2 of the correlation of DBT2* vs T1 over the range n-to-n+20ms). As shown by lower panel of Fig1, three domains can be observed: strong relationship in the T2*=0-20ms range (R2=0.92, p<0.001); good relationship in the 21-28ms range, where the curve depicts a plateau (R2=0.80-0.77, p<0.001) and no relationship above 28ms. Given the conservative approach used to set T2* normality as above 20ms (Carpenter JP, Circ 2011;14:1519-28), the evidence that T2* SD values increase even for borderline T2* mean values (~20ms) (Anderson LJ, Eur Heart J. 2001;22:2171-9), and that 39% of normal T2* subjects have a low T1, we support prior suggestions that T1 is detecting mild iron in most of the subjects with DBT2*=20-28ms, missed by T2* as the threshold has had to be set too low for sensitivity reasons (Sado DM, J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015;41:1505-11). T1 mapping is thus a useful complementary tool to T2* both for clinical and research purposes. The reported reproducibilities of T1 square for power calculations and would translate into 6.25 to 49 times more power in studies to detect iron change (Alam MH, J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2015;24:17-102). Colour maps make iron instantly visible and add a confirmation step. Whether mild iron missed by T2* is important is unclear. In our cohort, 24-months follow-up was available for 9 patients with normal DBT2* and low T1. Although no statistical consideration is possible due to the small number, in those patients an increase in LV end diastolic volume was observed (from 78±18ml to 84±15ml), suggesting possible cardiotoxicity of even mild amount of iron. Further work is needed, especially in frail cohorts like children starting chelation and around pregnancy. Table 1 Table 1. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Moon: gsk: Consultancy; Genzyme: Research Funding; Shire: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Cappellini:Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genzyme-Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Clement, Meredith E., Rick Zimmerman, Josh Grimm und Joseph Schwartz. „1281. Awareness of U=U Among Gay and Bisexual Men Who Have Sex with Men“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1144.

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Abstract Background The “Undetectable = Untransmittable” (“U=U”) campaign is gaining traction, but prior studies from 2012–2017 have shown that the proportion of gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (GBMSM) who are aware of or have perceived accuracy of U=U is low. We report findings from a survey administered to GBMSM in 2018 to understand whether the landscape is changing with respect to U=U message dissemination. Methods GBMSM were recruited on gay dating apps to complete a 96 question survey. Survey data were collected in April-August of 2018. Collected data elements included demographic information, HIV status, ART and PrEP use, and beliefs and opinions regarding HIV transmission. Results 969 GBMSM completed the survey; of whom, 678 had analyzable data (241 had never had anal sex with a man and 54 were missing ≥1 of the variables used in the analysis). Average age was 43 years, 65% were white, 15% black, 15% white, and 15% were HIV-infected (of whom 92% were on anti-retrovirals). Of the 85% who were HIV-uninfected, 39% were on PrEP. In response to the statement that a person with an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV to an HIV-uninfected person, 24% strongly agreed. Among HIV-negative GBMSM, 33% of those on PrEP agreed and 12% of those not on PrEP agreed. Among those living with HIV, 42% agreed. A multivariable logistic regression was run to explain correlates of strong agreement with U=U, using the following variables: age, education, being Black, being Hispanic, relationship status, number of lifetime male sexual partners, condom use with most recent anal sex, HIV status, PrEP use, and attitudes about living with HIV. Variables associated with strong agreement with U=U were living with HIV (AOR = 1.63, P < 0.001), taking PrEP (AOR = 2.85, P < 0.001), most recent encounter’s condom use (AOR = 2.22, P = 0.003), and having positive attitudes about living with HIV (AOR= 1.93, P < 0.001). Table 1 shows percentages for each of these variables (bivariate relationships) strongly agreeing with U=U. Conclusion Now that U=U has been scientifically proven, the challenge is public awareness. U=U awareness seems to be improving among GBMSM, with HIV-negative GBMSM making the greatest strides. Education around U=U and PrEP efficacy may help reduce guilt around HIV transmission and alleviate HIV stigma. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Aparici, Roberto, und David García-Marín. „Prosumers and emirecs: Analysis of two confronted theories“. Comunicar 26, Nr. 55 (01.04.2018): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c55-2018-07.

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In the 1970s, the publications of Alvin Toffler and Jean Cloutier were essential for the emergence of two concepts, prosumer, and emirec, whose meanings have been mistakenly equated by numerous scholars and researchers. At the same time, the mercantilist theories linked to prosumption have made invisible the models of communication designed by Cloutier. In this article, configured as a review of the state of the art made from an exhaustive documentary analysis, we observe that, while the notion of prosumer represents vertical and hierarchical relations between companies and citizens, Cloutier's emirec evokes a horizontal relationship and an isonomy between professional and amateur media creators. The prosumption presents an alienated subject, which is integrated into the logic of the market under free work dynamics and from the extension of time and productive spaces, while the emirec is defined as a potentially empowered subject that establishes relations between equals. The theory of the prosumer reproduces the hegemonic economic model by seeking solutions from the field of marketing so that the media and entertainment industries must face the challenges they have to face in the digital world. On the contrary, the emirec theory connects with disruptive communicative models that introduce new relationships between media and audiences and the establishment of logic of affinity between communication participants. En los años 70, las publicaciones de Alvin Toffler y Jean Cloutier resultan esenciales para el surgimiento de dos conceptos, prosumidor y emirec, cuyos significados han sido equiparados de forma errónea por numerosos académicos e investigadores. De forma paralela, las teorías mercantilistas vinculadas a la prosumición han invisibilizado a los modelos de comunicación entre iguales de Cloutier. En este artículo, configurado como una revisión del estado de la cuestión realizada a partir de un exhaustivo análisis documental, observamos que, mientras que la noción de prosumidor representa unas relaciones verticales y jerárquicas entre las fuerzas del mercado y los ciudadanos, el emirec de Cloutier evoca a una relación horizontal y una isonomía entre comunicadores profesionales y amateurs. La prosumición presenta un sujeto alienado e integrado en la lógica del mercado bajo dinámicas de trabajo gratis y a partir de la extensión del tiempo y los espacios productivos, mientras que el emirec se define como un sujeto potencialmente empoderado que establece relaciones entre iguales. La teoría del prosumidor pretende la reproducción del modelo económico hegemónico buscando soluciones desde el ámbito del marketing a los constantes desafíos que la industria de los medios y el entretenimiento deben afrontar en el mundo digital. Por contra, la teoría del emirec conecta con modelos comunicativos disruptivos que introducen nuevas relaciones entre medios y audiencias y el establecimiento de la lógica de la afinidad entre los participantes de la comunicación.

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Driessen, Christoph, Alexander Beck, Ekkehard Weber, Hans U. Haering, Hubert Kalbacher, Michael Reich, Herman Overkleeft, Eva Tolosa und Timo Burster. „The Molecular Pathway of Lysosomal Antigen Processing in Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells (DC) Significantly Differs from That in Monocyte-Derived DC Generated Ex Vivo.“ Blood 104, Nr. 11 (16.11.2004): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3449.3449.

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Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) initiatiate immunity and maintain tolerance. They internalize exogenous antigen and convert it into immunogenic peptides by lysosomal proteolytic degradation, ultimately followed by presentation to CD4 T cells. Monocyte-derived DC (MO-DC) generated in vitro with GM-CSF and IL-4 serve as prototype DC to analyse the cellular biology and biochemistry of DC. However, different types of primary DC, whose functional role in vivo and relationship to MO-DC generated in vitro is unclear, reside in human tissue as well as peripheral blood. The composition of lysosomal proteases in these primary human DC1 and DC2-cells and the way they handle a clinically relevant antigen are unknown, and there is no comparison of the lysosomal processing of antigen by these primary DC to that in primary human B cells or MO-DC generated ex vivo. We have isolated human peripheral blood (PB) DC1 and DC2 cells as well as primary B lymphocytes by magnetic separation and isolated lysosomal compartments from these cells, as well as from MO-DC. Expression and activity of endocytic proteases were assessed by western blot and active site-restricted affinity labelling using a synthetic probe that selectively binds to the active centre of cysteine proteases and allows a simultaneous semiquantitaive assessment and identification of multiple active protease species. In this analysis, PB-DC1 and DC2-cells lacked significant active Cathepsins (Cat) S, L and B as well as asparagine-specific endoprotease AEP, the major enzymes involved in antigen processing in the MHC II-compartment. Surprisingly, lysosomal extracts from PB-DC1 were by far more effective than MO-DC in processing the muliple sclerosis-associated autoantigen myelin basic protein (MBP) in vitro. When analyzed on a molecular scale using mass spectrometry, MBP processing was dominated by CatS, CatD and AEP in MO-DC, as expected, similar to B-lymphoblastoid cells (BLC). PB-DC, however, did not generate proteolytic processing intermediates indicative of CatS or AEP activity but showed the same pattern as primary B-lymphocyte-derived lysosomes, i.e. processing was performed by two cleavage sites that can be reproduced by purified CatG in vitro, suggesting a CatG like dominant lysosomal protease. While active CatG was present in primary human B cells, PB-DC1 cells lacked CatG protein by western blot, suggesting the presence of an as yet unknown dominant endoprotease with CatG-like activity in PB-DC1. By cleaving MBP after pos F90 and F114, this protease directly eliminates the integrity of the major immunodominant MBP epitope MBP85-99. This might lead to poor presentation of this epitope to regulatory T cells resulting in inefficient silencing of MBP-autoreactive T cells during the development of autoimmunity. Our results emphasize the need to apply state-of-the-art biochemical tools to primary human types of APC for the understanding of antigen processing and the rational design of tolerogenic or immunotherapy approaches towards human malignant and autoimmune disorders.

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Ibhi, Abderrahmane, Hassane Nachit, El Hassan Abia und Jean Hernandez. „Intervention of carbonate components in petrogenesis of the pyroxene nephelinites from the Jbel Saghro (Anti-Atlas, Morocco)“. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, Nr. 1 (01.01.2002): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.1.37.

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Abstract Introduction. – The Jbel Saghro alkaline complex was emplaced close to the eastern edge of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. Within the northern part, two types of nephelinite were recognized [Ibhi and Nachit, 1999 and Ibhi, 2000]. The first type (olivine-rich nephelinite) constitutes the main volcanic mass south of the Bou Gafer granit (fig. 1), where the volcanism had been active at least during 2 Ma, between 9.6 and 7.5 ± 0.1 Ma [Berrahma et al., 1993]. The second group outcrops in the north (Foum El Kouss). It consists of pyroxene nephelinites which are younger (2.9 ± 0.1 Ma) [Berrahma et al., 1993], and bears carbonatitic xenoliths, melteigitic pyroxenites and metasomatised peridotite xenoliths. Geochemically, the pyroxene nephelinite is highly enriched in LILE compared with the first one. The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics may be explained by the incorporation of carbonatitic and melteigitic pyroxenite segregates of carbonatitic affinity. Petrology and mineralogy. – Nephelinites. – The chemical analyses of minerals were done using the microprobe SX 50 of the micro-analysis laboratory (University of Nancy I) and of CAMPARIS (Paris VI). Chemical compositions of minerals are presented in table I. The petrographical and mineralogical studies show that these nephelinites could be subdivided into two groups : – olivine nephelinites (according to the terminology of Le Bas [1987]) are more or less rich in coloured minerals : olivine (Fo80–85), Ti-rich augite (3.8 to 4.5 wt. % TiO2) with relatively low Na2O (0.5 to 0.9 wt. %) and oxide (Ti-magnetite). Olivine phenocrysts are always present while augite exists only in the form of micro-phenocrysts. The groundmass is made up of augite, nepheline and Fe-Ti oxide micro-crystals; – clinopyroxene-rich nephelinites with strongly zoned phenocrysts;the green core of phenocrysts is Fe-rich diopside (11.4 to 13.4 wt % FeO and high Na2O up to 2,2 % wt. %). The rim is Ti-rich augite, similar to the augite micro-phenocrysts from olivine nephelinites. The olivines (Fo78–82) are present in the form of sub-automorph crystals of a composition less magnesian than that of the lower flow. The groundmass is formed by nepheline, plagioclase, sanidine and Ti-magnetite micro-crystals. Nature of enclaves Carbonatites. – Pyroxene nephelinite are characterized by the presence of calcite carbonatitic xenoliths. Their size is variable (a few millimeters to a few centimeters) and their texture is generally granular to micro-granular. Carbonate (table II) is a low-Mg (less than 0.4 wt. % MgO) calcite with high SrO (up to 3.4 wt. %) and relatively high BaO (1.2 wt. %). Rare Ba-Ti biotite, containing up to 21.5 wt. % BaO and 13.8 wt. % TiO2, occurs in the groundmass of most samples, along with SrO-rich (1.8 wt. %) fluorapatite (4 wt. % F). The pyrochlore is a niobozirconolite of a structural formula CaZr(Ti, Fe, Nb)2O7, generally associated to the magnetite and the apatite [Williams, 1996]. The mean for Nb2O5 of 4 analyses is 20.1 wt. % (range 17.5 to 20.9 wt. %), and for Zr O2 the mean is 23.2 wt. % (range 21.7 to 25.5 wt.). The clinopyroxene is diopside with Na2O up to 0.7 wt. % and Al2O3 up to 1.5 wt. % (table II). The presence of Sr-rich calcite and pyrochlore establish the carbonatitic nature of the xenolith [Ngwenya and Bailley, 1990]. According to the geothermometers of Stormer and Carmichael [1971], revised by Andersen and Austrheim [1991], the temperatures calculated for the exchange reaction F / OH between biotite and apatite, are situated between 650 and 665°C. Mineralogical studies do not allow the pressure of inhaduction for carbonatites, however the absence of dolomite suggests that their crystallization took place at pressures lower than to 3 kbar, according to the remarks by Le Bas [1987]. Peridotites. – The peridotite xenoliths contained in the nephelinites of Jbel Saghro are all, according to Hart’s [1977] nomenclature, of a porphyroclastic texture with a granuloblastic tendency. Two types can be mineralogically distinguished (table III) : – the first one does not contain any trace of destabilisation. It is characterized by an assemblage of minerals in equilibrium and with composition typical of mantle lherzolites : olivine (Fo90–91), orthopyroxene (En90–92), diopside (Ca46–59 Fe05–07 Mg43–47) and spinelle (mg* = 82 and 100 × Cr / (Cr+Al) = 10), which can be considered as primary ; – the second type, which occurs only in pyroxene nephelinites, is characterized by the presence of millimetric and pale-green reactional aggregates which are scattered throughout the sample and filled by a microgranular mineral assemblage. These aggregates are interconnected by a microveinlet network. The microgranular mineral assemblage consists of green diopside (containing up to 0.67 wt. % Al2O3 and 2,2 % wt. Cr2O3) rich in fluid inclusions of CO2, olivine (Fo90 – 91), chromite (100 × Cr / (Cr+Al) = 72 to 79) and interstitial anorthoclase (Ab52–56 , Or41–45 , An01–02). The scanning electronic microscope equally shows the presence of very small apatite crystals in these aggregates. Melteigitic pyroxenite cumulates. – A melteigitic pyroxenite inclusion has been found in a pyroxene nephelinite. Major phases are Na, Fe rich (4 wt. % Na2O and 20 wt. % FeO) diopside, nepheline (Ne69 – Ks27 – Qz04) and SrO rich (1.5 wt. %) fluorapatite (3.5 wt. % F). Carbonate globules are common in these xenoliths. The carbonate is SrO rich (2.3 to 5.0 wt. %), FeO, MgO and LREE barely detectable with the electron microprobe. Geochemistry. – Major and trace element analyses for Jbel Saghro nephelinite and carbonatite xenoliths are presented in table IV. Major elements were analyzed by ICP and trace elements by ICP-MS with LabRobStation system (rocks and minerals analysis service, Nancy). The nephelinites are strongly SiO2 undersaturated (< 43 wt. %) and they contain 15 to 25 % of normative nepheline. Globally, the two types of nephelinites show similar trends, which suggests a possible common source. According to this hypothesis, the LILE increase observed in the pyroxene nephelinites can be explained by a decrease of partial melting rate, which would be in agreement with its higher under-saturation in SiO2. However, in comparison with the olivine nephelinites, the pyroxene nephelinites are clearly enriched in HREE (fig. 2) and in the less incompatible elements (fig. 3) while the Th, U, Rb, and K concentrations are similar. This observation argues against the previous hypothesis and suggests a more complicated petrogenetic process for the pyroxene nephelinite. Discussions and conclusions. – The petrological study of peridotite xenoliths from the pyroxene nephelinite shows that the lithospheric mantle of this region was metasomatised. Metasomatism is represented by extensive petrological and mineralogical changes [Ibhi et al., 1999c]. The reactions produce aggregates, which are predominantly composed of high-Cr diopside, alkali feldspar, chromite and apatite. The paragenesis described in these samples and the experimental data on the peridotite-carbonate systems [Brey et al., 1983] suggest that the reacting fluid was carbonate rich. The abundance of CO2 inclusions observed in these peridotites also favours this interpretation. It remains to be seen whether a carbonatitic origin is possible for these pyroxenite cumulates. Their mineralogy (diopside + apatite + Ti-magnetite + nepheline + calcite) is well known in the pyroxenites of carbonatitic complexes [Le Bas, 1977; Bouabdli, 1994], they can be considered as melteigitic. The petrogenetic relationship between carbonatites and pyroxene nephelinites has been previously emphasised by Le Bas [1987]. Globally, the pyroxene nephelinites are caracterized by: (i) the presence of phenocrysts of highly reverse zoned clinopyroxene : green core of Na, Fe rich diopside partially resorbed and pink rim of augite (table I), this one is rich fluid CO2 inclusions; (ii) the presence of small carbonatite xenoliths, (iii) a considerable enrichment in HREE and in the less incompatible elements while the Th, U, Rb, and K concentrations are similar. This shows that there is an intervention of carbonatite segregates in the petrogenesis of these pyroxene nephelinite. The intervention of a carbonatitic component during the petrogenesis of the Jbel Saghro pyroxene nephelinite can be geochemically evidenced by the variations of ratios implying trace elements fractionated by carbonates [Hamilton et al., 1989; Brenan and Watson, 1991]. Thus, the decrease of Hf / Sm and the increase of Ba / Th and Sr / Th between olivine nephelinite and pyroxene nephelinite are in good agreement with this carbonatitic influence.

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Wei, Andrew H., Jordi Esteve, Kimmo Porkka, Steve Knapper, Norbert Vey, Sebastian Scholl, Guillermo Garcia-Manero et al. „Sabatolimab (MBG453) Dose Selection and Dose-Response Analysis in Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Population Pharmacokinetics (PK) Modeling and Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy/Safety By Dose“. Blood 136, Supplement 1 (05.11.2020): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-137307.

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Background: Sabatolimab (MBG453) is a high-affinity, humanized, IgG4 (S228P) antibody targeting TIM-3, an inhibitory receptor expressed on multiple immune cells and on leukemic stem/progenitor cells and blasts, but not on normal hematopoietic stem cells. Sabatolimab is being evaluated for treatment of patients (pts) with intermediate to very high risk MDS or AML in the STIMULUS clinical trial program. Here we report PK and clinical data supporting sabatolimab doses being evaluated in the STIMULUS program. Methods: PK analyses were done in a ph 1-1b/2 study in pts with adv solid tumors (NCT02608268) and a ph 1b study in pts with high/very high risk MDS (HR-MDS) or AML who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy (NCT03066648). Pts with solid tumors received IV sabatolimab 80-1200 mg Q2W/Q4W or sabatolimab 20-800 mg Q2W/80-1200 mg Q4W + spartalizumab (PD-1 inhibitor). Based on findings in solid tumors, pts with HR-MDS/AML received IV sabatolimab 160-1200 mg Q2W/800 mg Q4W in treatment arms including sabatolimab monotherapy, + hypomethylating agent (HMA; decitabine [Dec] or azacitidine), and + spartalizumab (± Dec). Total sabatolimab serum concentration was used in population PK (popPK) modeling to simulate average (Cavg), maximal (Cmax), and trough (Ctrough) concentrations at steady state. Total serum soluble TIM-3 was measured and simulation was used to predict membrane-bound TIM-3 occupancy in the bone marrow (BM). PK exposure-response analysis (data cutoff 27 Nov 2019) and assessment of clinical safety/efficacy by dose (data cutoff 25 Jun 2020) were conducted in pts with HR-MDS/AML who received sabatolimab (dosed at 240 or 400 mg Q2W or 800 mg Q4W) + HMA. Results: Sabatolimab PK was similar for pts with solid tumors (n=252), HR-MDS, and AML (n=155 HR-MDS + AML); no drug-drug interactions were seen for any combinations. The estimated half-life of sabatolimab was ~16.7 days at linear PK dose levels and moderate accumulation was seen after multiple dosing. At lower doses (≤80 mg Q2W or ≤240 mg Q4W), sabatolimab exhibited nonlinear elimination indicative of target-mediated drug disposition, potentially related to internalization of the membrane-bound antibody-TIM-3 complex. At doses ≥240 mg Q2W and ≥800 mg Q4W, a plateau in the accumulated total soluble TIM-3 level was reached and PK approached a proportional dose-exposure relationship. Based on popPK modeling, among sabatolimab + HMA regimens 400 mg Q2W had the highest Ctrough at steady state, and 800 mg was predicted to be an equivalent Q4W dosing regimen. Both doses had similar steady state Cavg and similarly high occupancy rates for membrane-bound TIM-3 in the BM (>95% in ≥95% of pts with HR-MDS/AML), suggesting similarly high levels of TIM-3 engagement. PK exposure-safety analysis included 102 pts with HR-MDS/AML who received sabatolimab + HMA and were categorized into 4 exposure quartiles based on steady state Cmax and Cavg. There was no relationship between steady state Cmax or Cavg quartiles and incidence of treatment-related AEs. Similarly, exposure-efficacy analysis (n=92) showed no clear relationship between steady state Ctrough or Cavg and percent BM blast reduction or clinical benefit (CR/mCR/CRi/PR). The effect of sabatolimab dose on safety/efficacy was also evaluated in an updated clinical analysis in pts with HR-MDS/AML treated with sabatolimab + HMA. Overall, sabatolimab + HMA was safe and well tolerated with a low rate of study discontinuation due to AE (3.4% [4/116]). Rates of most common gr ≥3 treatment-emergent AEs and rates of gr ≥3 possible immune-mediated AEs related to study treatment did not appear to be dose dependent (Table). Among 35 evaluable pts with HR-MDS, CR/mCR/PR rates were 50.0%, 33.3% and 54.5% at sabatolimab doses of 240 mg Q2W, 400 mg Q2W and 800 mg Q4W. Among 60 evaluable pts with AML, CR/CRi/PR rates were 35.3%, 37.5% and 31.6%, respectively. There were no notable differences in responses across the 3 doses (Table). Conclusion: Sabatolimab 400 mg Q2W was predicted to have the highest steady state Ctrough and TIM-3 occupancy rate when combined with HMA, and 800 mg was predicted to be an equivalent Q4W dosing regimen. No clear relationship was seen between sabatolimab dose or steady state exposure and safety/efficacy at the doses tested. These results support clinical development of the sabatolimab 400 mg Q2W and 800 mg Q4W dosing regimens. Co-senior authors Andrew Brunner and Uma Borate contributed equally to the work. Table Disclosures Wei: AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research: Patents & Royalties; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genetech: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Porkka:BMS/Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Knapper:Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Garcia-Manero:Helsinn Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Acceleron Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Onconova: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; H3 Biomedicine: Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amphivena Therapeutics: Research Funding. Wermke:MacroGenics: Honoraria. Janssen:MSD: Other: Founder of the HematologyApp which is supported by Janssen, BMS, Incyte, MSD, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche and Takeda; Roche: Other: Founder of the HematologyApp which is supported by Janssen, BMS, Incyte, MSD, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche and Takeda; Daiichi-Sankyo: Other: Founder of the HematologyApp which is supported by Janssen, BMS, Incyte, MSD, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche and Takeda; Takeda: Other: Founder of the HematologyApp which is supported by Janssen, BMS, Incyte, MSD, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche and Takeda; Janssen: Other: Founder of the HematologyApp which is supported by Janssen, BMS, Incyte, MSD, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche and Takeda; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Founder of the HematologyApp which is supported by Janssen, BMS, Incyte, MSD, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche and Takeda; Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Founder of the HematologyApp which is supported by Janssen, BMS, Incyte, MSD, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche and Takeda; BMS: Other: Founder of the HematologyApp which is supported by Janssen, BMS, Incyte, MSD, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Roche and Takeda, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Traer:Notable Labs: Consultancy, Current equity holder in private company; Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Daiichi Sankyo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Research Funding; Astellas: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Narayan:Sanofi-Genzyme: Other: Current Spouse employment ; Takeda: Other: Prior Spouse employment within 24 months; Genentech: Other: Prior Spouse employment within 24 months and prior spouse equity divested within past 24 months. Kontro:Abbvie: Research Funding; Jazz Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Ottmann:Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Fusion Pharma: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding. Liao:Novartis: Current Employment. Stein:Novartis: Current Employment, Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months, Ended employment in the past 24 months. Khanshan:Novartis: Current Employment. Naidu:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Current Employment. Zhang:Novartis: Current Employment. Rinne:Novartis: Current Employment; Qiagen: Consultancy. Sun:Novartis: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. Brunner:Biogen: Consultancy; Acceleron Pharma Inc.: Consultancy; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Forty Seven, Inc: Consultancy; Jazz Pharma: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Xcenda: Consultancy; GSK: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding. Borate:Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; AbbVie: Other: Investigator in AbbVie-funded clinical trials; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

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Murugesan, Ramasamy, und Rathinam Jayavelu. „Testing the impact of entrepreneurship education on business, engineering and arts and science students using the theory of planned behaviour“. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 7, Nr. 3 (07.09.2015): 256–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-12-2014-0053.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to test the impact of entrepreneurship education on business, engineering and arts and science students using the theory of planned behaviour. The study adopted a pre-test–post-test (time 1, t1 and time 2, t2) to measure the change of attitudes and intentions over a period of six months. The participants who took entrepreneurship as a compulsory or elective course within their curriculum are 450 in total. To measure attitude, the subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, the study adopted a measure proposed by Kolvereid (1996b). For the intention to become self-employed, the study adopted a three-item measure of career intention, proposed by Kolvereid (1996b), which captures the intention of an individual to start a business. The results showed that the post-programme mean values of subjective norm, attitude towards self-employment, perceived behavioural control and intention towards self-employment increased in relation to the pre-programme ones. But the mean difference value in all four variables is higher for business students when compared to the other two student groups. Also, t-tests indicated no significant differences between respondents and “incomplete” non-respondents (students who filled the t1 questionnaire but failed to respond at t2). Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a pre-test–post-test (time 1, t1 and time 2, t2) to measure the change of attitudes and intentions over a period of six months – one semester. A convenient sample technique has been used. The participants who took entrepreneurship as a compulsory or elective course within their curriculum are 450 in total – 100 (Bharathidasan University, Trichy) from business, 100 (National Institute of Technology, Trichy) from engineering and 250 (Bharathidasan University, Trichy) from art and science). The total 250 arts and science students were selected from four reputed art and science colleges in India where entrepreneurship course is offered either as compulsory or elective course, and due share of 60 was given to each college where the total number of students in the final year was 1,000 to 1,500 in each college. The 100 engineering students were selected from one reputed engineering college where the total number of final year students was 750. Finally, 100 business students were selected from two reputed business schools where the number of final year students was 600. All the students from arts and science and engineering were soon-to-graduate undergraduates and business students were soon-to-graduate postgraduates. It was clearly explained to the surveyed students that the questionnaires were for research purposes only, participation was voluntary and their views would not affect their grades. Both time 1 (t1) and time 2 (t2) questionnaires were reviewed by three academics and five non-participating students to ensure clarity of wording and face validity of the constructs. Findings – The overall response rate was 55.3 per cent. The mean and standard deviation of variables, attitude towards self-employment, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention towards self-employment for the samples of business students, engineering students and arts and science students are presented in . To test the hypothesis, the present study used the following tests: Correlation (Tables III-V) and regression (Table VI) to test the relationship between attitudes and intention at t1 and t2. To test the effect of the programme on the change of attitudes and intentions, the current study used one-way ANOVA on the difference scores (for sample of business, engineering and arts and science) with the group membership (programme) as the independent variable. The “difference scores” method is preferable to split-plot repeated measures ANOVA for pre-test–post-test designs, because it gives equivalent results in a simpler and less confusing way (Girden, 1992). No significant violations of the assumptions for t-test, repeated measured ANOVA and regression were identified. Specifically, the common problem of multicollinearity was not evident for all the three majors of students, as the correlations between independent variables were moderate and the tolerance values were all higher than 0.70 for business group, 0.72 for engineering group and 0.73 for arts and science group. Research limitations/implications – The study aimed to address the attitudes and intentions among business, engineering students and art and science students, but not actual behaviour, and therefore, the study echoes the suggestion that longitudinal studies following the subjects for years after graduation are the only way to prove with accuracy the intention–behaviour link (Kolvereid, 1996b). The study is a comparative study on the effect of entrepreneurship education through the Azjen’s theory of planned behaviour on the scores of variable attitudes towards self-employment, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention towards self-employment and has not made any attempt to find out the causes for such scores. Originality/value – Using the theory of planned behaviour, the study tested the impact of entrepreneurship education on business, engineering and arts and science students. The study adopted a pre-test–post-test (time 1, t1 and time 2, t2) to measure the change of attitudes and intentions over a period of six months. The participants who took entrepreneurship as a compulsory or elective course within their curriculum are in total 450. To measure attitude, the subjective norm and perceived behavioural control, the study adopted a measure proposed by Kolvereid (1996b). For the intention of becoming self-employed, the study adopted a three-item measure of career intention, proposed by Kolvereid (1996b), which captures the intention of an individual to start a business. The results showed that the post-programme mean values of subjective norm, attitude towards self-employment, perceived behavioural control and intention towards self-employment increased in relation to the pre-programme ones. But the mean difference value in all four variables is higher for business students when compared to the other two student groups.

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