Dissertationen zum Thema „Affectation du trafic“
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Henn, Vincent. „Information routière et affectation du trafic : vers une modélisation floue“. Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe are interested in traffic assignment modeling (that is describing the way trafic spreads over a road network) especially when traffic information is given to drivers, for example using variable message signs. Network is described with some choice-nodes where trafic streams can split between different options, regarding the predicted cost of each option. This predicted cost is modeled with a fuzzy number, representing both vagueness and uncertainty due to the dynamic aspect of the problem. . . [etc. ]
Henn, Vincent Faure René-Michel. „Information routière et affectation du trafic : vers une modélisation floue“. [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50386-2001-Henn.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleElimadi, Manal. „Modélisation et la simulation à base d'agents : Affectation dynamique des véhicules autonomes et connectés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe problem of traffic assignment consists of determining the routes taken by users of a transportation infrastructure. This problem has been the subject of numerous studies, particularly in the context of analyzing scenarios for the development of road infrastructure and pricing strategies. Its formulation is primarily based on the principle of Wardrop equilibrium, where routes are defined in such a way that users have no incentive to change their paths. In the absence of pricing policies, this equilibrium ensures fairness in travel times between each origin-destination pair. However, it results in a social cost because fairness does not necessarily allow for optimal use of the network.The evolution of intelligent transportation systems, as well as the emergence of connected and autonomous vehicles, present new challenges to current approaches for solving the traffic assignment problem. These approaches rely on several simulation iterations to estimate travel times and adjust vehicle routes following gradient descent. However, these methods have two major limitations. Firstly, they do not enable real-time generation of balanced routes. Secondly, they do not take into account the ability of connected and autonomous vehicles to acquire precise information about traffic conditions. The work of this thesis aims to address these two limitations of current approaches. The goal is to define the interactions between various intelligent transportation systems, capable of leveraging relevant information to generate real-time routes that are both equitable and efficient. To achieve this objective, the thesis uses agent-based traffic modeling and simulation.The initial multi-agent systems proposed in this thesis draw inspiration from various traffic assignment assumptions in the literature. However, the results obtained revealed some shortcomings. Simulations show that the precise knowledge of travel times primarily depends on managing conflicts at network nodes. As a result, this thesis proposes a new approach based on multi-agent reservation of intersections. This approach dynamically assigns itineraries for autonomous and connected vehicles. The results show that it is possible to compute fair routes in real-time while significantly improving traffic efficiency
Leurent, Fabien. „Modélisation du trafic, des déplacements sur un réseau et de l'accessibilité aux activités grâce au transport“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348286.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUne telle modélisation comporte quatre aspects : un contenu sémantique, à caractère physique ou économique ; une formulation mathématique ; un solveur technique ; un aspect empirique (métrologie, statistique, économétrie).
Les disciplines mises en œuvre sont variées : théorie des réseaux, optimisation, informatique algorithmique, probabilités et statistiques, et aussi économie, socio-économie et physique du trafic. Mes contributions théoriques concernent la théorie des réseaux, l'économie du transport et la physique du trafic.
Mes travaux se répartissent en quatre thèmes :
A. La mesure et la modélisation du trafic. Au niveau local d'une route, j'ai analysé la relation entre flux et vitesse en mettant en cohérence l'analyse désagrégée, probabiliste au niveau du mobile individuel ; et l'analyse macroscopique en termes de flux et de distribution statistique des temps.
B. La modélisation des réseaux et des cheminements. L'équilibre entre offre de transport et demande de déplacement conjugue une dimension spatiale - topologique, une dimension temporelle, et une dimension comportementale - économique. Les enjeux de modélisation concernent : la représentation de l'offre et la demande ; la formulation et les propriétés d'existence – unicité – stabilité ; les algorithmes. Je me suis intéressé à la diversité des comportements ; et à la modélisation fine de l'offre et à la dimension temporelle.
C. L'analyse socio-économique des déplacements. Je me suis intéressé à l'usage de divers moyens de transport et à la prospection de leur clientèle potentielle ; au choix d'horaire de déplacement ; aux caractéristiques à la fois économiques et dynamiques de la congestion.
D. La distribution spatiale des déplacements et des activités. Je me suis intéressé d'une part à l'observation des flux par relation origine-destination (O-D) et à l'inférence statistique des matrices O-D ; et d'autre part, à la justification microéconomique des déplacements en raison de la localisation et de l'utilité des activités.
Mai, Hai Dang. „Sur la capacité opérationnelle des modèles d'affectation dynamique du trafic, et la convergence des algorithmes d'équilibrage“. Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002183.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAllignol, Cyril. „Planification de trajectoires pour l'optimisation du trafic aérien“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0104/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAir traffic in Europe represents about 30,000 flights each day and forecasts from Eurocontrol predict a growth of 70% by 2020 (50,000 flights per day). The airspace, made up of numerous control sectors, will soon be saturated given the current planification and control methods. In order to make the system able to cope with the predicted traffic growth, the air traffic controllers workload has to be reduced by automated systems that help them handle the aircraft separation task. Based on the traffic demand by airlines, this study proposes a new planning method for 4D trajectories that provides conflict-free traffic to the controller. This planning method consists of two successive steps, each handling a unique flight parameter : a flight level allocation phase followed by a ground holding scheme. We present constraint programming models and an evolutionary algorithm to solve these large scale combinatorial optimization problems, as well as techniques for improving the robustness of the model by handling uncertainties of takeoff times and trajectory prediction. Simulations carried out over the French airspace successfully solved all conflicts, with a mean of one minute allocated delay (80 to 90 minutes for the most delayed flight) and a discrepancy from optimal altitude of one flight level for most of the flights. Handling uncertainties with a static method leads to a dramatic increase in the cost of the previous non-robust solutions. However, we propose a dynamic model to deal with this matter, based on a sliding time horizon, which is likely to be able to cope with a few minutes of uncertainty with reasonable impact on the cost of the solutions
Deschinkel, Karine. „Régulation du trafic aérien par optimisation dynamique des prix d'utilisation du réseau“. École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Thai Phu. „Conception et application d'un modèle de l'information routière et ses effets sur le trafic“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626631.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeurent, Fabien. „Analyse et mesure de l'incertitude dans un modèle de simulation. Les principes, une méthode et l'exemple de l'affectation bicritère du trafic“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529468.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuafi, Rachid. „Analyse et contrôle des réseaux de trafic urbain par la méthode de Frank-Wolfe“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066453.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChen, Ruiwei. „Uncertainty quantification in the simulation of road traffic and associated atmospheric emissions in a metropolitan area“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the uncertainty quantification in the modeling of road traffic emissions in a metropolitan area. The first step is to estimate the time-dependent traffic flow at street-resolution for a full agglomeration area, using a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model. Then, a metamodel is built for the DTA model set up for the agglomeration, in order to reduce the computational cost of the DTA simulation. Then the road traffic emissions of atmospheric pollutants are estimated at street resolution, based on a modeling chain that couples the DTA metamodel with an emission factor model. This modeling chain is then used to conduct a global sensitivity analysis to identify the most influential inputs in computed traffic flows, speeds and emissions. At last, the uncertainty quantification is carried out based on ensemble simulations using Monte Carlo approach. The ensemble is evaluated with observations in order to check and optimize its reliability
Lengoumbi, Carle. „Accès multiple OFDMA pour les systèmes cellulaires post 3G : allocation de ressources et ordonnancement“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003747.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleS, F. A. Batista Sérgio Filipe. „Dynamic traffic assignment for multi-regional transportation systems considering different kinds of users’ behavior“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe population growth in urban areas represents an issue for transportation planning. This overload of urban transportation systems, leading to significant monetary costs and environmental issues. Policy measures are then needed to decrease the level of congestion and increase the efficiency of transportation systems. In a short term, traffic simulators might be a powerful tool that helps to design innovative solution. But, the classical traffic simulators are computationally demanding for large scale applications. Moreover, the set up of the simulation scenario is complex. An aggregated traffic modeling might be a good solution (Daganzo, 2007; Geroliminis and Daganzo, 2008). The city network is divided into regions where a well-defined Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) regulates the traffic conditions inside each one. The MFD relates the average traffic flow and density inside a region. Despite the idea of aggregating the city network is simple, it brings several challenges that have not yet been addressed. Up to today, only Yildirimoglu and Geroliminis (2014) proposed a dynamic traffic assignment framework for regional networks and MFD models. This framework is based on the simple Multinomial Logit model and does not explicitly deal with trip length distributions. Moreover, their framework does not consider that users are different from each other and have different purposes and preferences for their travels. The goal of this PhD dissertation is to twofold. First, the influence of the users behavior on the global network performance is investigated. This analysis focus on the network mean speed and its internal and outflow capacities, comparing different models that account for different kinds of users behavior against the Deterministic and Stochastic User Equilibrium. Second, an innovative and complete dynamic traffic assignment framework for multi-regional MFD-based models is proposed. This framework is divided into several milestones and is based on the connections between the city and regional networks. In a first step, systematic scaling-up methods are proposed to gather the regional paths. In a second step, four methods are discussed to calculate the distributions of trip lengths that characterize these regional paths. In the third step, a network loading model that considers distributions of trip lengths that are explicitly calculated and the evolution of the regional mean speeds is proposed. Finally, this dynamic traffic assignment framework is extended to account for bounded rational and regret-averse users. This PhD is part of a European ERC project entitled MAGnUM: Multiscale and Multimodal Traffic Modeling Approach for Sustainable Management of Urban Mobility
Sossoe, Kwami. „Modélisation des systèmes de transport multimodaux de grands réseaux“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1196/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work consists on the modeling of traffic flow of a large multimodaltransportation network. The work is organized in two parts: a theoretical study part anda development part. The theoretical study emphasizes on how a multimodal network canbe model and how its performance in terms of supply can be optimized. To do so, threemain studies are discussed: the traffic flow prediction and regulation on large surface net-works, the vehicular multimodality in big surface networks taking into account new forms ofmobility, and finally the impact of the information on the cost of the itineraries. The devel-opment part consists on the conception of a traffic flow simulator to regulate the vehicularmultimodal traffic. The developed simulator should assist transport operators and territorialcommunities in their traffic flow management strategies
Delahaye, Daniel. „Optimisation de la sectorisation de l'espace aérien par algorithmes génétiques“. Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGhasemi, Hamed Mohammad. „Méthodes non-paramétriques pour la prévision d'intervalles avec haut niveau de confiance : application à la prévision de trajectoires d'avions“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951327.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoudert, David. „Algorithmique et optimisation dans les réseaux de télécommunications“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466400.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'ensemble des résultats présentés dans ce document est le fruit de travaux collaboratifs avec les membres de l'équipe-projet MASCOTTE, des collègues d'autres universités, française ou étrangères, et des collègues de France Télécom, Alcatel-Lucent et 3Roam. L'introduction de ce manuscrit résume nos travaux sur le routage, le groupage de trafic, la tolérance aux pannes et la reconfiguration, ainsi que des travaux plus récents sur la minimisation du nombre d'étiquettes dans les réseaux MPLS, le dimensionnement de réseaux de collecte IP sans fil, et sur le routage disjoints d'ensembles particuliers de requêtes. Ensuite, je détaille nos travaux sur le groupage de trafic au travers d'un état de l'art dans le chapitre 3, nos contributions sur la notion de groupes de ressources partageant un risque dans le chapitre 4, et sur la reconfiguration de routages dans le chapitre 5. Le chapitre 6 conclut ce manuscrit en présentant avec quelques directions de recherches.
Wagner, Nicolas. „The dynamic user equilibrium on a transport network: mathematical properties and economic applications“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00939008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmeli, Mostafa. „Heuristic Methods for Calculating Dynamic Traffic Assignment Simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment: meta-heuristic solution methods with parallel computing Non-unicity of day-to-day multimodal user equilibrium: the network design history effect Improving traffic network performance with road banning strategy: a simulation approach comparing user equilibrium and system optimum“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransport systems are dynamically characterized not only by nonlinear interactions between the different components but also by feedback loops between the state of the network and the decisions of users. In particular, network congestion affects both the distribution of local demand by modifying route choices and overall multimodal demand. Depending on the conditions of the network, they may decide to change for example their transportation mode. Several equilibria can be defined for transportation systems. The user equilibrium corresponds to the situation where each user is allowed to behave selfishly and to minimize his own travel costs. The system optimum corresponds to a situation where the total transport cost of all the users is minimum. In this context, the study aims to calculate route flow patterns in a network considering different equilibrium conditions and study the network equilibrium in a dynamic setting. The study focuses on traffic models capable of representing large-scale urban traffic dynamics. Three main issues are addressed. First, fast heuristic and meta-heuristic methods are developed to determine equilibria with different types of traffic patterns. Secondly, the existence and uniqueness of user equilibria is studied. When there is no uniqueness, the relationship between multiple equilibria is examined. Moreover, the impact of network history is analyzed. Thirdly, a new approach is developed to analyze the network equilibrium as a function of the level of demand. This approach compares user and system optimums and aims to design control strategies in order to move the user equilibrium situation towards the system optimum
Manout, Ouassim. „Spatial aggregation issues in traffic assignment models“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCities are complex systems that urban models can help to comprehend. From simplistic models to more sophisticated ones, urban models have pushed forward our understanding the urban phenomenon and its intricacies. In this context, models can be of great value to policy makers providing that these tools become practical. In this regard, research has put little emphasis on the practicality of urban models and their use under operational conditions.To date, urban models which rely on spatial aggregation are the closest possibility to come to practical models. For this reason, the spatially aggregated modeling framework is widely used. This framework is relatively practical when compared to other modeling frameworks like microsimulation. Nevertheless, spatial aggregation is a serious source of bias in these models. This is especially the case of Land-Use and Transport Interaction (LUTI) models and more particularly of Four Step Models.The current PhD is committed to the study of spatial aggregation issues in traffic assignment models. Traffic assignment is responsable for the computation of travel times and travel conditions of present and future travel demand. Accessibility measurement, which is at the core of LUTI models, is tightly dependent on traffic assignment modeling and outcomes. Any bias in traffic assignment is likely to corrupt the overall modeling framework. In this context, a special attention is to be paid to spatial aggregation in traffic assignment models.In traffic assignment, spatial aggregation consists in grouping observations using zones or traffic analysis zones instead of using a continuous representation of space. By design, aggregation bears an implicit omission in data variability and thus a potential bias if this omission is not random. This is the case with the definition of centroid connectors and the omission of intrazonal demand in traffic assignment. With the use of zones as the basic spatial units, transport models require the use of centroid connectors to attach zones to the transportation network. Centroid connectors are introduced to model average access and egress conditions to and from the network. Nevertheless, average accessibility conditions are found to be too crude to render accurately accessibility conditions as encountered by trip makers. The current PhD explores the extent of the impact of this spatial aggregation bias in the case of transit models and suggests a new modeling strategy to overcome such modeling errors.The use of zones as spatial units induces a loss of intrazonal data. The omission of intrazonal trips in traffic assignment models is an example of such omission. This research introduces an uncertainty framework to study the statistical impact of ignoring intrazonal trips in traffic assignment models. Findings from this research are used to design new assignment strategies that are more robust towards the omission bias and more generally towards the spatial aggregation bias
Princeton, Judith. „Pratiques innovantes d'exploitation des réseaux routiers en lien avec une mobilité durable : une nouvelle approche de l'évaluation“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1152/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraffic management is facing the new issues of the sustainable development concept. The objective is not only to guarantee acceptable travels times over the networks anymore. Energy consumption as well as associated greenhouse gaz and pollutant emissions must be reduced for a better quality of life for current and future generations. Standards in road safety have also been reinforced and aim at cutting off the number of accident fatalities. Thus, traffic operators use the most innovating strategies. Nevertheless, if decision-makers have greater possibilities to implement their programmes, they also are committed to assess their performance at different stages. This doctoral thesis analyses the new strategies in motorway network management by identifying their respective domains of application as well as their potential and real impacts. Limitations of existing a priori and a posteriori evaluation methods are highlighted and a new approach is proposed. It associates the three main criteria of sustainable mobility to one concept: the level of service, which is widely used by network operators. The methodology is validated on several operations. Besides, based on results obtained from the various lane management operations implemented all accross Europe, the thesis proposes a tool to help in choosing the appropriate strategy according to the motorway layout and congestion level. The tool is presented in the form of a catalog of typical cases for the Ile-de-France motorway network. The new evaluation approach proposed in this thesis may be easily integrated in the available traffic simulation tools. Hence, the impacts of a traffic management operation on congestion, safety and the environment may be obtained as output from those simulators in the framewok of an a priori evaluation. This integration is also possible in the traffic management center systems, for a posteriori evaluations. Besides, the thesis identifies potential subjects for future research. Firstly, accident severity could be considered in the proposed evaluation approach, which takes into account all injury accidents at once by now, due to a lack of data. Likewise, only four manged lane strategies are included in the catalog, which could be extended to all the existing traffic management operations through the same methodology described in the thesis
Hua, Lefong. „Simulation dynamique du trafic routier urbain et optimisation des contrôles“. Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17865.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouffard, Alexandre. „Dimensionnement GRWA et protection par segment dans les réseaux optiques WDM“. Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16689.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGomes, Paula Cristina Santos. „Comparação técnico-económica de três soluções construtivas aplicáveis a uma passagem superior a executar sobre uma via em exploração“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86373.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrestressed reinforced structures had rooted early on in Portuguese national construction market, either due to its adaptability to the most diverse shapes or for its relatively lower cost, in general.However, the choice of composite structures when compared with the traditional reinforced concrete or prestressed reinforced concrete structures, had reveal itself, more frequently, in the last years, as the most competitive for some types of constructions. The most relevant features of composite structures derive from its high relation resistance/weight of steel material and from the circumstance that a large part of the structure can be entirely pre-fabricated. These two factors combined allow a simple, and fast constructive processes to be adopted. On the particular case of flyovers executed over a full operating roadway, the advantages of a composite structure are much increased, namely on what concerns the fastness of the construction works, since a potential traffic interruption or severe restrictions on the lower track will cause great disturbance and consequently higher costs for the users and the concessionaire authority.The evaluation and comparison of the different options available, whether it refers to construction’s costs or to the costs of traffic disturbance, is essential to understand which one is the most feasible. In fact, it is a fundamental management tool. Within this framework, all the studies and analysis were developed having in mind the final goal of comparing the costs of a composite deck with the costs of another deck having the same geometry and the same constructive limitations, designed in prestressed reinforced concrete. A hybrid solution will be studied as well, which intends to combine the best advantages of both solutions.Therefore, three decks were designed, with the quantification of the construction costs as well as those that arise from traffic interruptions or restrictions on the underneath roadway.
A construção de estruturas em betão armado disseminou-se, desde cedo, pelo mercado nacional, quer devido à sua simples adaptação às mais diversas formas de edificações, quer pelo seu custo ser, em geral, mais competitivo do que das restantes hipóteses disponíveis. Contudo, a opção por estruturas mistas aço-betão, quando comparada com as tradicionais soluções em betão armado ou betão armado pré-esforçado, tem vindo a revelar-se, mais frequentemente, como a mais competitiva para algumas tipologias de construções. Os atributos mais relevantes das estruturas mistas resultam da elevada relação resistência/peso do material aço e da circunstância de grande parte da estrutura poder ser integralmente pré-fabricada, o que reduz ao mínimo os trabalhos a efetuar in-situ. Estes dois fatores conjugados possibilitam a adoção de processos construtivos industrializados, simples e rápidos. No caso particular das passagens superiores rodoviárias executadas sobre vias em exploração, as vantagens duma estrutura mista aço-betão adquirem uma maior importância, nomeadamente no que à rapidez de execução em obra diz respeito, visto que eventuais interrupções de tráfego na via inferior causam enorme perturbação e, consequentemente, custos acrescidos para os utentes e entidades concessionárias.A avaliação e a comparação dos custos das diversas opções construtivas disponíveis, tanto no que se refere às parcelas correspondentes ao custo da empreitada como das perturbações por ela causadas, é imprescindível para que se possa fundamentar a escolha por uma dessas opções. Trata-se, na verdade, de um instrumento de gestão essencial. Neste enquadramento, o objetivo da presente dissertação é comparar o custo de um tabuleiro projetado em betão armado pré-esforçado com o de outro, de igual geometria e sujeitos aos mesmos condicionamentos, cuja estrutura é mista. Estuda-se ainda uma solução híbrida, com a qual se pretende potenciar as principais vantagens de ambas as soluções e eliminar, ou minimizar, os inconvenientes de cada uma delas.São dimensionados os tabuleiros das três diferentes alternativas e quantificados os respetivos custos de construção, bem como os que resultam das interrupções ou condicionamentos que restringem o tráfego que circula na via subjacente.