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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Aérosols marins – Modèles mathématiques“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Aérosols marins – Modèles mathématiques"
Navarro, Laurent. „Modélisation de la couche de surface atmosphérique marine et des processus dynamiques et thermodynamique des aérosols“. Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe SeaCluse model describes the non-linear interactions between evaporating sea spray and the scalar fields of temperature and humidity in the marine atmospheric surface layer. The present study focuses on both the further development and the exploitation of the code. The principal improvement consists of extending the numerical vertical domain well into the atmospheric marine boundary layer by introduction of a new meteorological preprocessor MPP and a turbulence parameterization based on the work of Galperin et al (1988). The extended domain ensures unhampered droplet dispersion in the lower part of the domain. The exploitation of the upgraded SeaCluse model consists of the introduction of spume droplets. Depending on the initial dynamics, spume droplets may have a significant impact on heat fluxes. Furthermore, the profiles of aerosol, temperature and humidity as supplied by SeaCluse are used in models to calculate transmission and refraction effects in the marine surface layer
Guibert, Sarah. „Validation expérimentale des paramétrisations de l'effet indirect des aérosols, via les strato-cumulus marins pour les modèles de climat“. Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30185.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSandu, Irina. „Impact de l'aérosol sur le cycle de vie des nuages de couche limite“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/116/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnthropogenic aerosols may have a noticeable impact on the life cycle of boundary layer clouds, via their effects on radiation and precipitation efficiency. It is however difficult to document such impacts from observations. The interactions between aerosol particles and the dynamics of boundary layer cloud systems (typically marine stratocumulus) have therefore been explored with high resolution numerical models (LES), that now include detailed parameterizations of turbulence, radiative transfer and microphysics. In this study, the focus is on the coupling between aerosol impacts on cloud microphysics and the diurnal cycle of stratocumulus clouds. LES simulations of a 36 hours cycle are performed with aerosol concentrations typical of pristine and polluted air masses, successively. Although the simulations start from the same initial state, they rapidly diverge. The increased concentration of cloud condensation nuclei yields to an increased droplet concentration, a reduction of the droplet sizes and the inhibition of the droplet sedimentation and precipitation formation. The liquid water content at cloud top hence increases and the cloud top entrainment is strengthened. Moreover, the absorption of solar radiation at cloud base is no longer balanced by the droplet and drizzle evaporation, and the decoupling of the cloud layer is reinforced. Overall, the polluted cloud layer is better coupled during the night and more decoupled during the day than its pristine counterpart. Measurable signatures of these impacts are identified to help at designing observational studies of aerosol impacts on the dynamics on boundary layer clouds
Limoges, Alix. „Modélisation haute résolution de la dynamique des aérosols en zone littorale méditerrannéenne“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TOUL0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarine aerosols, generated by wind-wave interaction processes, represent a major component of natural aerosols and play an important role in radiative balance of the planet. Therefore, a better understanding of the properties and atmospheric dynamics of these particles is crucial in the context of climate change, as well as for their interactions with atmospheric pollutants and the transport of large quantities of organic matter, which impact air quality, particularly in coastal regions. This thesis focuses on the development of a high-resolution modeling of aerosol atmospheric dynamics in coastal zones to better understand the intrusion and local atmospheric variations of marine aerosol concentrations in these spatially constrained areas. To achieve this, a LES version of the Meso-NH model, incorporating a specific source function for marine aerosols developed at the MIO laboratory, was implemented in the Toulon coastal region. The numerical simulations were compared with experimental data acquired aboard the research vessel Atalante during the MIRAMER campaign. The ability of the model to predict aerosol concentration variations based on different local wind directions was assessed. The results provided a better understanding of the impact of coastal geographical configuration on aerosol dynamics, highlighting both the benefits and limitations of the high-resolution modeling used. These limitations concern, in particular, the ability of the model to accurately render localized turbulent structures, which require better representation for precise aerosol modeling, especially in the land-sea transition zone. This work further improved the source function of aerosols generated by wave breaking for short fetches through a specific analysis of wave slope. It also enabled the evaluation of the impact of these marine aerosols on an extreme precipitation event in the Mediterranean
Blot, Romain. „Etude et modélisation des variations spatio-temporelles des distributions d'aérosols en zone côtière méditerranéenne“. Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651785.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlot, Romain. „Etude et modélisation des variations spatio-temporelles des distributions d'aérosols en zone côtière méditerranéenne“. Phd thesis, Toulon, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00651785/fr/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith 70% of the planet surface covered by seas and oceans, the presence of sea salt particles, produced mainly by the waves breaking, represents a major constituent in the geochemical cycle of the atmosphere and in the earth radiative budget. Ln order to anticipate the possible changes, our knowledge has to progress towards a more precise description and modelling of surface flux. The present study proposes a general framework for a better characterization of particles injected in the atmosphere by the waves breaking. One of the objectives is to study the parametrical and numerical models' validity in order to predict the spatio-temporal sea spray's variation at a local and regional scale. A first part of this work is dedicated to the study of the aerosol concentrations' spatial variation in a Mediterranean coastal zone. To do so, a coupling between a meso-scale meteorological code (RAMS) and an aerosol determinist model (Medex) developed by the LSEET has been operated. The predictions of the coupling are confronted with the data recorded during an experimental campaign led in May 2007 at Porquerolles Island. The second part is focused on the parametrical model improvement : with the help of the data recorded in May 2007, the seasonal influence has been corrected, thus refining the Medex predictions. The third part is dedicated to the parameters influencing the sea spray concentrations during an episode of Mistral. It is shown that other parameters than the wind speed act, such as fetch or the height of the marine boundary layer. The last part proposes the development of a numerical transport model of aerosols. The first results show the influence of the atmospheric stability on the horizontal and vertical profiles of sprays
Ioannidis, Eleftherios. „Local and remote sources of Arctic air pollution“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03889862.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Arctic region is warming faster than any other region on Earth due to the effect of greenhouse gases, notably CO2, and short-lived climate forcers of anthropogenic origin, such as black carbon (BC). Over the last 20-30 years, remote anthropogenic emissions over mid-latitude regions have been decreasing. Anthropogenic emissions within the Arctic are also contributing and might increase in the future and further affect Arctic air pollution and climate. Natural emissions, such as sea-spray aerosols, also might increase due to on-going climate change. However, the processes and sources influencing Arctic aerosols and trace gases are poorly quantified, especially in wintertime. In this thesis, quasi-hemispheric and regional simulations are performed using the Weather Research Forecast model, coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). The model is used to investigate atmospheric composition over the wider Arctic and during two field campaigns, one in northern Alaska at Barrow, Utqiagvik in January and February 2014 and the second in Fairbanks, central Alaska in November and December 2019 during the French pre-ALPACA (Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis) campaign. First, modelled inorganic and sea-spray (SSA) aerosols are evaluated at remote Arctic sites during wintertime. Then, the model is improved with respect to SSA treatments, following evaluation against Barrow field campaign data, and their contribution to the total aerosol burden within the Arctic region is quantified. A series of sensitivity runs are performed over northern Alaska, revealing model uncertainties in processes influencing SSA in the Arctic such as the presence of sea-ice and open leads. Second, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate processes and sources influencing wintertime BC over the wider Arctic and over northern Alaska, with a focus on removal treatments and regional emissions. Variations in model sensitivity to wet and dry deposition is found across the Arctic and could explain model biases. Over northern Alaska, regional emissions from petroleum extraction are found to make an important contribution to observed BC. Model results are also sensitive to planetary boundary layer parameterisation schemes. Third, the improved version of the model is used to investigate the contribution of regional and local sources on air pollution in the Fairbanks area in winter 2019. Using up-to-date emissions, the model performs better in winter 2019 than in winter 2014, when compared to observations at background sites across Alaska. Underestimations in modelled BC and sulphate aerosols can be partly explained by lacking local and regional anthropogenic emissions. In the case of sulphate, additional secondary aerosol formation mechanisms under dark/cold conditions also need to be considered
Carrié, François-Rémi. „Obturation de fuites à l'aide d’aérosols : : application à la réhabilitation des systèmes de distribution d'air“. Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe practical objective of this research is to reduce leakage in residential air-distribution systems, as earlier research proved that the energy savings potentials of sealing duct leaks is on the order of 20% of the furnace or air-conditioner energy use. The work presented herein consists m the development of an aerosol-based technique to overcome this problem. The second chapter of this thesis includes a literature review of the main phenomena encountered in the mechanics of aerosols. Then, we develop a mode! to predict aerosol penetration in an air-distribution network. The latter is based on the assumption that the system can be divided in elementary parts (straight tubes and bends) where the deposition efficiency may be determined. Thus, the relative quantity of deposited particles can be calculated for miscellaneous aerosol and air flow characteristics. It appears that 10 micron (or less) particles penetrate remarkably well in the network at reasonable air t1ow rates. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the study of particle deposition in leaks. Following a literature review of earlier investigations in this field, we focus our attention on particle suction in a two-dimensional slot since it presents similarities with our problem. It appears that an aerosol of 10 micron particles can plug significant openings (on the order of 1 mm) in conditions reproducible in situ. This result was validated with the experimental apparatus described in chapter V. The outcome of this research consists in the construction of a prototype field device that can reduce the leakiness of duct systems
Marchand, Denis. „Etude du rabattement des produits de fission sous forme aérosol par une pulvérisation de gouttelettes d'eau générée par un système d'aspersion de REP“. Rouen, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Mezo Priscilla. „Variabilité des écosystèmes marins de l'échelle inter-annuelle au dernier cycle glaciaire-interglaciaire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClimate variability influences marine primary productivity and marine species distribution over all timescales, from seasonal to interannual variability and glacial-interglacial cycles. The links between climate and marine ecosystems are still sparsely known so that the predictions of futur changes are difficult. Moreover, because paleoclimate recorders extracted from marine archives are often linked to the functionning of the ecosystem, this lack of knowledge limits our ability to reconstruct past climate variability.This thesis work aims at improving our knowledge of these links between climate and marine ecosystems : we have looked into marine productivity changes during the last glacial-interglacial cycle, but we also examined the "end-to-end" ecosystem response to inter-annual to decadal variability in a pre-industrial climate. This work uses a climate model (IPSL-CM), a bio-geochemical model (PISCES) and a model of high trophic levels (APECOSM).First, we show that the link between Indian summer monsoon intensity and marine primary productivity in the Arabian Sea is indirect. Indeed, it appears necessary to consider the monsoon pattern, such as the Findlater Jet position, which drives the Ekman dynamics in the region, as well as its intensity to understand the productivity changes.Second, we study the marine productivity changes off the Congo river mouth and their links with the river runoff and the African atmospheric dynamics. This work shows that the relationship between monsoon intensity and trade winds intensity, often used to reconstruct past changes, is not always verified. Depending on the climate, thermal or dynamical effects are more or less prominent drivers of the simulated changes in precipitation and winds. Productivity off the Congo river mouth, which is mainly located in the subsurface, seems more affected by the ocean and atmosphere dynamics than by the river supply in nutrients.Third, we study the inter-annual variability effects over past productivity changes and over the climatic signal potentially recorded in the biological climate proxies.Finally, the last part of the thesis focuses on high trophic levels marine organisms response to climate variability at different frequencies. This study shows that marine organisms response to environmental changes varies with the organism' size and habitat
Bücher zum Thema "Aérosols marins – Modèles mathématiques"
Pushkin, Kachroo, Hrsg. Autonomous underwater vehicles: Modeling, control design, and simulation. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenShukla, Bhagwan S. Diffusion coefficient and mixing depth through environmental radioactivity (models and applications). Hamilton, Ont: Environmental Research & Publications, 2010.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenZuo, Liqin. Modelling and Analysis of Fine Sediment Transport in Wave-Current Bottom Boundary Layer. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenZuo, Liqin. Modelling and Analysis of Fine Sediment Transport in Wave-Current Bottom Boundary Layer. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenZuo, Liqin. Modelling and Analysis of Fine Sediment Transport in Wave-Current Bottom Boundary Layer. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenModelling and Analysis of Fine Sediment Transport in Wave-Current Bottom Boundary Layer. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenShanmugam, G. Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models: Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs, Volume 5 (Handbook of Petroleum Exploration and Production). Elsevier Science, 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenDeep-water processes and facies models: Implications for sandstone petroleum reservoirs]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenShanmugam, G. Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models: Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2006.
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