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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Aéronautique – Recherche – Dissertation universitaire"
Nowak, Jr, Donald E. „Gambling Disorder in the College Student-Athlete Population: An Overview“. Journal of Gambling Issues, Nr. 39 (27.09.2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2018.39.8.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Aéronautique – Recherche – Dissertation universitaire"
Azria, Elie. „Sur les voies de la connaissance médicale : de la recherche clinique aux incertitudes de la pratique du soin : A propos de la controverse de l'accouchement des fœtus en présentation du siège“. Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrzych, Guillaume. „Étude du profil métabolomique des patients atteints de stéatose hépatique non alcoolique (NASH) : recherche d’hypothèses physiopathologiques et de biomarqueurs“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), a major public health issue, is considered thehepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is characterized by liver injury dueto an accumulation of triglycerides in the liver which, when associated with inflammation, canprogress to steatohepatitis (NASH Non-Alcoholic Steato Hepatitis). The molecular mechanismsunderlying the pathogenesis, and particularly the transition from steatosis to NASH, are still poorly understood. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of NASH is necessary to identify potential therapeutic targets and non-invasive markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of the pathology. In this context, metabolomic approaches are promising.Metabolomics is the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in a biological medium, and it complements other "omics" techniques for the study of dynamic biological processes. The objective of this work is to use the metabolomics approach to highlight a particular profile in NASH patients in order to understand the pathophysiology and identify potential biomarkers.For this, we have used two metabolomic approaches: 1/ the targeted approach, on plasma,focusing on two classes of metabolites, amino acids and bile acids, 2/ the non-targeted approach on human plasma and livers (results are pending).In the literature, bile acids (B A) are studied as pathophysiological actors and potential biomarkers in the context of NASH. However, interpretation of many cohort studies is complicated by the close association of NASH with type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance(IR) and obesity, which are also associated with variations in BA. We therefore sought tounderstand the complex relationship between NASH and BA concentrations, as a function ofT2D status, considering IR and obesity as confounding parameters. Through analysis of BAprofiles in two cohorts (ABOS n=219, RESOLVE n=58) of well-characterized obese patients (histological analysis of liver biopsies, clinical-biological status, well-powered statistically), weshow that plasma BA concentrations are higher in NASH vs. non-NASH patients in both T2Dand non-T2D patients. These increases are dependent on the degree of IR, suggesting that NASH causes AB alterations only in the presence of advanced IR and independently of diabetes status.In the literature, plasma levels of branched-chain AA (BCAA) are associated with obesity, IR,and severity of liver damage in NAFLD. In addition, plasma BCAA concentrations differ between genders, which display different susceptibilities to development of cardiometabolicdisease. We evaluated the association between plasma BCAA concentrations and the severity stages of NAFLD, independent of gender, IR and obesity. In the RESOLVE cohort, 112 obese patients were divided into four groups based on NAFLD severity and matched for gender, BMI,IR, and HbA1c. As expected, a modest positive correlation was observed between BCAAconcentrations and NAFLD severity, as well as a major impact of gender on BCAAconcentrations. Subgroup analysis revealed that while plasma BCAA concentrations increased with the severity of NAFLD in females, they tended to decrease in males, suggesting an impact of gender on the metabolic component of NAFLD. Analysis of other AA in the cohort reveals plasma AA alterations involved in the methionine cycle (serine, cysteine, ...), whose molecular mechanisms are being explored in mouse models. The use of metabolomics has allowed us to better characterize the complex interactions of NASH with IR and sex on BA and AA
Robberecht, Lieven. „Développement d’un simulateur canalaire endodontique pour des applications pédagogiques et de recherche“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEndodontic therapy is often complicated and technically demanding. The “in vitro model” to simulate natural human teeth is highly needed for teaching and training dental students in pre-clinics or dental surgeons in continuing dental education courses. Moreover, remarkable development and research of endodontic technology also requires good model for in vitro performance evaluation prior to use on patients. Different practice models, including extracted human teeth, animal teeth or simulated root canals in epoxy resin blocks, etc., cannot satisfy the specific requirements. The objective of this thesis is to develop a process of fabricating a biomimetic dental root canal model (RCM) with a composition, microstructure and anatomy close to a natural tooth root. In order to overcome the limitations of existing RCMs, a ceramic root canal model (C-RCM) was developed, based on microporous hydroxyapatite (HAp), shaped by the casting method, with internal pulp cavity moulded by stereolithographic technique and finished by resin impregnation (to improve the tactile sensation during endodontic instrumentation). Many properties of this SC were shown comparable to the natural dental root: the same mineral component (HAp), porosity of 0-30%, the pore size of 0.8-5 µm, the good hardness (65-500 HV), the potential of customization of variable canal morphology, the suitable radio-opacity, etc. The pilot study on the evaluation of the application of this C-RCM by dental students was carried out and confirmed that better radiological behaviour for C-RCM than commercial resin RCM. This canal simulator poses no risk of infection, available in large numbers, allowing the objective assessment through its uniformity, therefore, well suits the endodontic practices and presents promising potential for training student or research on new endodontic technology
Frade, Proud'hon-Clerc Sara. „Recherche de nouvelles mutations génétiques à effet majeur dans la maladie de Crohn“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe NOD2 gene, involved in innate immune responses, has been found to be highlyassociated with Crohn’s Disease (CD). EPIMAD multiplex families with three or more CDaffectedmembers were previously reported to be related to a high frequency of NOD2gene mutations : R702W, G908R, and L1007fs. However, some rare EPIMAD CD multiplexfamilies were described without any of the common NOD2 linked-to-disease mutations.In order to identify new genetic variation(s) with amajor effect in CD, whole exomesequencing was performed on available subjects in a multiplex family (F49M), withoutknown common NOD2 mutations and comprising four patients affected with Crohn’s diseaseand three unaffected related subjects on two generations . A rare and, not yet, reportedmissense mutation of the NOD2 gene, N1010K, was detected and co-segregated acrossaffected patients (present in allmembers affectedwith CD and absent in all unaffected familialcontrol subjects). In silico evaluation of the deleterious effect of the mutation and3D modelling highlighted evidences for an adverse effect of the N1010K mutation withregard to the function of the NOD2 protein and the genetic risk of CD.Moreover, N1010Kand L1007fs as a compound heterozygous state in two, more severe CD family membersstrongly suggests that N1010K could be a new risk factor involved in Crohn’s disease geneticsusceptibility.In addition to the characterization of a new rare mutation of the NOD2 gene, 2 otherpotential variants have been identified : the D359H and G33V mutations, respectively, inthe BPIFB2 and DEFB132 genes. The proteins encoded by these genes are involved in thesame pathways : the pathway of defensins and the pathway of the innate immune system.In silico evaluation of the deleterious effect of mutations revealed a potential deleteriouseffect of D359H and G33V mutations. Thus, we could hypothesize that although the two mutations D359H and G33V are located on two different genes but involved in the same signaling pathways, they could act together and determine a cumulative dysfunctional effect also involved as determinants of the familial aggregation of Crohn’s disease in family F49M.Thus, for the F49M family, familial aggregation could be based on the accumulation of several deleterious mutations (N1010K, D359H and G33V)
Cartron, Emmanuelle. „Quelle place pour la décision médicale partagée en contexte de transplantation rénale ? : une recherche par méthodes mixtes sur l’expérience vécue par les patients“. Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT1018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough kidney transplantation provides a significant benefit over dialysis, question regarding the eligibility for transplantation, the impact of replacement treatment on their lives, make the mode of renal replacement therapy a difficult decision. Therefore, Health Authority suggests shared decision-making to help patients make timely treatment modality decision. Little is known about how patient perceive their participation in the shared decision-making process. This research aims to explore the experience of patients and the factors that influence them in decision-making situations, as well as to evaluate the impact of this experience on their future. This research is based on a mixed methods research (QUANTI > quali). It combines an interpretive phenomenological analysis and an observational study design to measure decisional conflict perceived by patients on the waiting list and to explore the factors that influence decision regret, quality of life and adherence among transplant recipients. This study reports that the experience of waiting list was identified as a necessary step in their pathway. They experienced as an implicit decision that shapes patients' attitudes towards other decisions and influences their ability to cope with the uncertainty of living with chronic kidney disease. The challenge of considering all stages of shared medical decision making is major in the context of kidney transplantation to support patient participation decision
Bergeron, Sandrine. „Microhémorragies cérébrales et cognition : impact fonctionnel à court, moyen et long termes dans un modèle murin“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral microbleeds (CMB) appear as small, oval hypointense lesions corresponding to focal hemosiderin depositions. CMB prevalence in the general population is about 15,3%. Considered as biomarkers of small vessel diseases, CMBs are more frequent in people with cognitive impairments or dementia with a prevalence of 23% in A.lzheimer disease (AD). Several population-based studies show an effect of CMBs on cognitive functions. They could have a key role in AD pathophysiology creating a link between amyloid and vascular hypothesis. However, their cognitive impact in AD remains unclear. A new murine model of cortical microhemorrhage (CMH) has been developed in order to study with a multimodal approach, the functional impact of the cortical lesion: i) in Wild type (WT) mice without any underlying pathology, ii) in transgenic J20 mice expressing the human mutated amyloid protein precursor (APP). The effect of a pharmacological modulation by atorvastatin was also studied in this model._x000D_10 weeks-old male mice, WT and APP were operated by stereotaxic injection of collagenase 0.8 µUI/µL to induce the CMH. 24 hours after surgery, mice underwent MRI acquisition (T2* sequence) to visualize the bleeding. Mice were divided into sham, CMH and CMH treated by atorvastatin groups. Atorvastatin was administered by mixing a tablet into the mice’s standard chow at a dose of 5mg/kg/day and initiated after surgery. Follow-up included a neurobehavioral assessment (locomotor activity, anxiety, working memory, special reference memory, visiospatial memory), imaging (tesla MRI 7, positron emission tomography), and immunohistochemistry at different time from 1,5 months to 12 months post-surgery.An initial WT mice cohort assessed at 6 weeks post-surgery demonstrated an impact of CMH on anxiety, spatial reference and visuospatial memory. An improvement in cognition performances was depicted under atorvastatin indicating this CMH-model is sensitive to pharmacological modulation.A longitudinal follow-up on WT and APP groups was performed assessing cognitive performances at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-surgery. In WT mice, the CMH group showed a decreased level of anxiety and an impaired spatial reference memory at 1.5 months. Cognitive impairment was also found at 9 and 12 months in this group. This study did not allow to conclude in a precipitating or aggravating effect of the CMH in APP mice. The treatment by atorvastatin seemed to have a positive effect on cognition in both WT and APP mice. A decreased volume of ipsilateral hippocampus was observed in all APP and WT groups at 12 months. No difference in metabolism of brain structures was found.It is hypothesized that either the presence of CMB or the cerebrovascular damages underlying their occurrence may cause cognitive impairment. This study proved that isolated CMH can affect cognitive functions in WT mice, regardless of any underlying vascular pathology. It is likely that the burden of neurodegenerative lesions exceeds the cognitive impact of the CMH in APP mice. Atorvastatin seems to have a neuroprotective effect
Houzé, de l'Aulnoit Agathe. „Acquisition du rythme cardiaque fœtal et analyse de données pour la recherche de facteurs prédictifs de l’acidose fœtale“. Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVisual analysis of the fetal heart rate FHR is a good method for screening for fetal hypoxia but is not sufficiently specific. The visual morphological analysis of the FHR during labor is subject to inter- and intra-observer variability – particularly when the FHR is abnormal. Underestimating the severity of an FHR leads to undue risk-taking for the fetus with an increase in morbidity and mortality and overvaluation leads to unnecessary obstetric intervention with an increased rate of caesarean section. This last point also induces a French public health problem.FHR automated analysis reduces inter and intra-individual variability and accesses other calculated parameters aimed at increasing the diagnostic value. The FHR morphological analysis parameters (baseline, number of accelerations, number and typing of decelerations, long-term variability (LTV)) were described as well as others such as the decelerations surfaces, short-term variability (STV) and frequency analyzes. Nevertheless, when attempting to analyze the FHR automatically, the main problem is computation of the baseline against which all the other parameters are determined.Automatic analysis provides information on parameters that cannot be derived in a visual analysis and that are likely to improve screening for fetal acidosis during labor.The main objective of the thesis is to establish a predictive model of fetal acidosis from a FHR automated analysis. The secondary objective is to determine the relevance of the classical basic parameters (CNGOF 2007) (baseline, variability, accelerations, decelerations) and that of other parameters inaccessible to the eye (indices of short-term variability, surfaces of decelerations, frequency analysis ...). Later, we want to identify decision criteria that will help in the obstetric care management.We propose to validate FHR automated analysis during labor through a case-control study; cases were FHR recordings of neonatal acidosis (arterial cord pH less than or equal to 7.15) and controls, FHR recordings of neonatal without acidosis (arterial cord pH upper than or equal to 7.25). This is a monocentric study at the maternity hospital of Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, GHICL - Lille, on our « Well Born » database (digital archiving of RCF plots since 2011), with a sufficient number of cases on this only center. Since 2011, the Saint Vincent de Paul hospital (GHICL) has had about 70 cases per year of neonatal acidosis (pHa less than or equal to 7.10) (3.41%). The R software will be used for statistical analysis
Bouyer, Benjamin. „Utilisation des bases de données médico-administratives pour la recherche clinique et épidémiologique en orthopédie“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS462.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe National Health Data System includes data on all health care activities in France (outpatient care, hospital stay and social benefits related to diseases), which should be associated with mortality (causes of deaths, ongoing) and disability data (in the middle term). Many studies have already shown the interest of the analysis of these data for research purposes, in various fields (epidemiological studies of pathologies or groups of patients, evaluation of health products or medico-economic studies). The application for orthopedic research purposes is fairly recent. This surgical discipline has specificities in terms of data that we have exposed in the first part of this work; especially with regard to medical devices. The knowledge of these data made it possible to carry out an assessment of the national burden caused by fractures in France. More than 562,000 events were identified in 2016 for 1% of the adult population and nearly 12,000 (2%) were followed by early deaths. The detailed analysis showed specificities by fracture site and by sex with a significant increase of incidence with age for all groups. The third part of this work is devoted to the analysis of thromboembolic risk after spinal surgery. Analysis of detailed individual data has shown an intermediate risk (close to 1% in the general population) largely modulated by factors related to patients and surgical procedures performed.The National System of Health Data offers as we show in this thesis vast opportunities for research in orthopedics. Preparatory works, particularly in the field of the reliability of measures of efficacity of treatments are still needed to answer certain questions
Chadourne, Manon. „La suppression de Topaz1 perturbe la méiose et l'expression des ARN non-codant longs testiculaires au cours de la spermatogenèse murine. Topaz1, an Essential Gene for Murine Spermatogenesis, Down-Regulates the Expression of Many Testis-Specific Long Non-Coding RNAs“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTopaz1 (Testis and Ovary specific PAZ domain gene 1), a germ cell specific factor, is a highly conserved gene in vertebrates. The study of the Topaz1-inactivation mouse model demonstrated its essential role for male fertility. The absence of Topaz1 in mutant mice caused spermatogenesis arrest during the first meiotic division. Topaz1-/- spermatocytes, blocked at the end of meiotic prophase I, showed chromosome misalignment along the metaphase I plate. Histological experiments specified that the differences observed between Topaz1-/- and Topaz1+/+ mouse testes appeared between 15 (P15) and 20 (P20) days post-partum. Previously, transcriptomic analyses using a whole-genome expression array indicated that 10% of P20-deregulated genes (DEGs) were long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). During this thesis, high throughput transcriptomic analyses (RNAseq) were performed at P16 and P18 in order to better characterise the testicular phenotype of mice lacking the Topaz1 gene. From P16, the testicular transcriptome was disturbed and the DEGs number was multiplied by 10 at P18. Genes associated with centrosome, centriole, microtubule dynamics and spermatogenesis belonged to the most disturbed molecular pathways. Moreover, a quarter of DEGs were lncRNAs. Three of them, deregulated at P16 and P18, were studied by in situ hybridization and molecular biology techniques. They were germ cell specific. Thus, a new mouse model deleted for one of these lncRNAs was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. These mutant mice developed normally and were fertile in both sexes. However, mutant male mice presented a more than 50% decrease in the epididymal sperm concentration as well as a change in motility parameters compared to wild-type mice. New RNAseq analyses were realised to study testicular transcriptome of these mice. These showed that this lncRNA regulates a large number of protein-coding genes (approximately 80% of the DEGs at P18). There again, some of them regulated microtubule dynamics, spermatogenesis and haploid gamete generation.In conclusion, this work shows that the murine Topaz1 gene is therefore essential for the establishment of the bipolar spindle during the transition from late prophase I to metaphase I and its absence prevents the first meiotic division. The deregulation of a significant number of protein-coding genes of the centrosome, microtubule movements and spermatogenesis, as well as the strong repression of lncRNAs expression within mouse testis, suggests that RNAs-proteins complexes are formed during meiosis.In this study, deletion of one of these lncRNA did not affect fertility in mice even though sperm concentration was halved. In men, such a decrease could lead to male infertility. A mutation of the Topaz1 gene in men could also induce non-obstructive azoospermia. The study of RNAs-proteins complexes could represent a new field of investigation in the understanding of infertility, particularly in meiotic regulation
Pellay, François-Xavier. „Méthodes d'estimation statistique de la qualité et méta-analyse de données transcriptomiques pour la recherche biomédicale“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo understand the biological phenomena taking place in a cell under physiological or pathological conditions, it is essential to know the genes that it expresses Measuring genetic expression can be done with DNA chlp technology on which are set out thousands of probes that can measure the relative abundance of the genes expressed in the cell. The microarrays called pangenomic are supposed to cover all existing proteincoding genes, that is to say currently around thirty-thousand for human beings. The measure, analysis and interpretation of such data poses a number of problems and the analytlcal methods used will determine the reliability and accuracy of information obtained with the microarrays technology. The aim of thls thesis is to define methods to control measures, improve the analysis and deepen interpretation of microarrays to optimize their utilization in order to apply these methods in the transcriptome analysis of juvenile myelomocytic leukemia patients, to improve the diagnostic and understand the biological mechanisms behind this rare disease. We thereby developed and validated through several independent studies, a quality control program for microarrays, ace.map QC, a software that improves biological Interpretations of microarrays data based on genes ontologies and a visualization tool for global analysis of signaling pathways. Finally, combining the different approaches described, we have developed a method to obtain reliable biological signatures for diagnostic purposes
Buchteile zum Thema "Aéronautique – Recherche – Dissertation universitaire"
„Liste des travaux de recherche dirigés par Emmanuel Chadeau soutenus à l’université de Lille 3 depuis l’année universitaire 1988-1989“. In Aéronautique, Marchés, Entreprises, 583–93. Publications de l’Institut de recherches historiques du Septentrion, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irhis.3009.
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