Dissertationen: „AEC industry in Germany“

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Matthei, Jonathan. „The Impact of Implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) on Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) During Construction“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297856.

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Health and safety during construction remains a worldwide challenge that the construction industry is facing. The German construction industry recorded an average of 110,000 accidents per year in the period of 2010 to 2019. A discernible trend toward a decrease in occupational accidents is not visible. In this context, traditional safety planning does not seem to be able to guarantee sufficient health and safety during construction. In line with the BIM Roadmap published by the German Ministry of Transport in 2015, it can be recognized that Building Information Modeling (BIM) is supposed to be increasingly used in upcoming years. This paper aims to identify how BIM could positively impact Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) during construction. Therefore, a thesis procedure, combining quantitative and qualitative research with an in depth literature review is introduced. This study reveals a high added value of using BIM for (1) safety rule checking and design validation and (2) safety education, training and communication. BIM as a decision supporting tool has the potential to reduce the underestimation of safety hazards and improve safety reporting, which have been identified as current vulnerabilities in the construction industry. Furthermore, an added benefit to sustainability following the concept of Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD) is illustrated. In practice, however, BIM for OSH remains unused, while those working with BIM are not familiar with safety planning. This study indicates that in order to fully utilize the potential of BIM, intuitiveness and standardization is required, while those implementing BIM and those using BIM need to be aware of and willing to exploit the potential of new technologies. The challenge now is to recognize the potential of BIM in relation to OHS and to actively use BIM for health and safety purposes.
Att skapa en säker arbetsmiljö på byggarbetsplatsen är fortfarande en global utmaning för byggbranschen. I den tyska byggbranschen inträffade till exempel i genomsnitt 110 000 olyckor per år under perioden 2010-2019 och det syns ingen märkbar minskning. I detta sammanhang verkar traditionell säkerhetsplanering inte kunna garantera tillräcklig hälsa och säkerhet under byggandet. I samband med den strategiska BIM-implementeringsplanen som publicerades av det tyska transportministeriet 2015 ska Building Information Modeling (BIM) användas i allt större utsträckning under de kommande åren. Syftet med den här artikeln är att identifiera hur BIM skulle kunna ha en positiv inverkan på arbetsmiljö och säkerhet (OHS) på byggarbetsplatsen. Studien kombinerar kvantitativ och kvalitativ forskning med en djupgående litteraturgenomgång. Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort mervärde i att använda BIM för (1) kontroll av säkerhetsregler och validering av konstruktionen och (2) utbildning, träning och kommunikation om säkerhet. BIM som beslutsstöd kan möjliggöra en mer realistisk bedömning av säkerhetsrisker och förbättra säkerhetsrapporteringen, vilket har identifierats som aktuella sårbarheter i byggbranschen. Det finns också fördelar med att implementera konceptet Construction Hazard Prevention through Design (CHPtD). I praktiken är dock BIM för arbetsmiljöfrågor fortfarande oanvänd, samtidigt som de som arbetar med BIM inte är tillräckligt bekanta med säkerhetsaspekter. För att BIM:s potential ska kunna utnyttjas fullt ut krävs en ökad användarvänlighet och standardisering av verktygen. Samtidigt måste de som implementerar och använder BIM vara medvetna om och villiga att utnyttja den nya teknikens potential. Utmaningen är nu att förstå potentialen av BIM för arbetsmiljöaspekter och att proaktivt använda BIM för att öka säkerheten på byggarbetsplatser.

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Lokovitis, Ilias. „Investigating Construction 4.0 Integration in the Greek AEC Industry : Perceptions and Societal Analysis of the AEC Industry“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297890.

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The Architecture, Engineering & Construction industry (AEC) is considered one of the largest sectors worldwide and complexed due to the complexity and uniqueness of construction projects. In contradiction to other industries, AEC illustrates high fragmentation, resistance to change, and significantly lower adoption rate of new technology solutions than other industries. The highly disruptive nature of the upcoming technological revolution of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in the AEC sector and the need for effective implementation of technological innovations is reified in the concept of Construction 4.0. The technological wave that is expected to arise with the 4IR may subsequently entail both opportunities and threats in technological, organizational, individual, societal and sustainability perspectives. This thesis focuses on two major steps. The first step is the assessment of the AEC industry towards the successful implementation of 4IR in the industry. The second step is dedicated to a horizontal and vertical integration of Construction 4.0 contemplating the social perspective of technology. Qualitative research methods such as literature review and interviews using the PESTELE framework have been applied to gather data that will be analyzed with TOE and Social Construction of Technology Theory (SCOT). This study has realized the necessity to develop a comprehensive approach of the AEC industry based on the societal structure and identified the need for horizontal and vertical assessment of the involved social and professional groups.
Arkitektur, teknik, och byggindustrin (AEC) anses vara en av de största sektorerna världen över och komplexa på grund av byggprojektens komplexitet och unikhet. I motsats till andra industrier illustrerar AEC hög fragmentering, motståndskraft mot förändringar och betydligt lägre antagande av nya teknologilösningar än andra industrier. Den mycket störande karaktären hos den kommande tekniska revolutionen i den fjärde industriella revolutionen (4IR) i AEC sektorn och behovet av ett effektivt genomförande av tekniska innovationer förnyas i begreppet Construction 4.0. Den tekniska vågen som förväntas uppstå med 4IR kan därefter innebära både möjligheter och hot i tekniska, organisatoriska, individuella, samhälleliga och hållbarhetsperspektiv. Denna avhandling fokuserar på två huvudsteg. Det första steget är bedömningen av AEC-industrin mot ett framgångsrikt genomförande av 4IR i branschen. Det andra steget är tillägnad en horisontell och vertikal integration av Construction 4.0 som överväger teknikens sociala perspektiv. Kvalitativa forskningsmetoder som litteraturgranskning och intervjuer med PESTELE ramverket har tillämpats för att samla in data som kommer att analyseras med TOE och Social Construction of Technology Theory (SCOT). Denna studie har insett behovet av att utveckla ett omfattande tillvägagångssätt för AEC-industrin baserat på samhällsstrukturen och identifierat behovet av horisontell och vertikal bedömning av de involverade sociala och yrkesgrupperna.

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Ber, Marti Jordi 1976. „Innovation in the AEC industry through wireless sensor networks“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31122.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005.
"June 2005."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).
I came to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to learn about technological innovation and entrepreneurship. More precisely, I wanted to know more about how to leverage Information Technology (IT) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry. IT can introduce great efficiencies and productivity gains in construction.
by Jordi Ber Marti.
M.Eng.

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Englund, Elin, und Maria Grönlund. „Current Legal Problems and Risks with BIM in the Swedish AEC Industry“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231608.

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The Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is often described as fragmented, highly complex and risk-oriented with major challenges due to the high level of conflicts and low level of productivity. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is claimed to be the future of the AEC industry and is a way to address these issues. A BIM model can be used in all the phases of a facility's life cycle and can result in better quality at lower cost and reduced time-consumption. However, there are not just benefits with BIM but also risks and problems, which can be hard to manage and prevent the adoption of BIM. Several of the risks and problems are connected to legal issues. This thesis consists of a qualitative research study that explores the current situation of the legal challenges with BIM, which companies are facing in their construction projects in the Swedish AEC industry. The study intends to develop an understanding of the legal problems that hinders the adoption of BIM and how these problems can be minimized. Semi-structured interviews were held with ten respondents in different companies in Sweden to get an understanding of the legal issues with BIM in their construction projects. The result of the interviews showed that the major legal issue with BIM is the capability to define the model as a legal act and rank the model higher than drawings in a contract. In addition, it was found that the difficulty to review that the model is sufficiently correct and reliable is also something that companies see as a hinder for the full adoption of BIM. Therefore, companies still often prefer to have the drawings as a legal act rather than models.
Arkitektur-, ingenjörs- och byggindustrin beskrivs ofta som splittrad, mycket komplex och riskorienterad med stora utmaningar på grund av mycket konflikter och låg produktivitet. Det hävdas att byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM) är industrins framtid och ett sätt att ta itu med dessa problem. En BIM-modell kan användas i alla faser av en anläggnings livscykel och kan resultera i bättre kvalitet till en lägre kostnad och minskad tidsåtgång. Dock finns det inte bara fördelar med BIM utan även risker och problem som kan vara svåra att hantera och som förhindrar införandet av BIM. Flera av riskerna och problemen är kopplade till juridiska frågor. Detta examensarbete består av en kvalitativ forskningsstudie som undersöker den nuvarande situationen för de juridiska utmaningarna med BIM som företagen står inför i sina byggprojekt i den svenska byggindustrin. Studien avser att utveckla en förståelse för de juridiska problem som förhindrar införandet av BIM och hur dessa problem kan minimeras. Halvstrukturerade intervjuer hölls med tio respondenter i olika företag i Sverige för att få en förståelse för de juridiska problemen med BIM i byggprojekt. Resultatet av intervjuerna visade att det stora juridiska problemet med BIM är svårigheten med att definiera modellen som en juridisk handling och rangordna modellen högre än ritningar i ett kontrakt. Dessutom fann man att svårigheten med att granska att en modell är tillräckligt korrekt och tillförlitlig är något som företag ser som ett hinder för BIM:s fullständiga införande. Därför föredrar de flesta företag att fortfarande ha ritningarna som juridisk handling och inte modellerna.

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Verheij, Johan Michiel. „Process-mediated Planning of AEC Projects through Structured Dialogues“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7980.

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Project planning in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry at present relies heavily on individual skills, experience and improvisation. In an attempt to increase predictability and efficiency, and to improve knowledge retention across projects, this thesis proposes a more systematic approach to project planning. It does so by introducing the notion of a meta-process model that embodies and cultivates the logic and intelligence of incremental and collaborative planning activities in a given domain. Planning tasks are encoded and enforced as a set of structured dialogues between project partners. To make this possible, a taxonomy extension to current workflow modeling technology is introduced. The concept of the chosen approach can thus be classified as process mediation through structured dialogues. It is applied to the particular example case of Design-Build project delivery for which a detailed workflow model was created. This model serves as a partial instantiation of the larger Project Management Body Of Knowledge, an abstract framework put forward by the US Project Management Institute. A prototype system architecture is devised as an extension to an existing collaborative virtual environment developed in the European e-HUBs research project. This experimental Web-based platform supports the enactment of workflows that are expressed in the standardized syntax of the neutral process definition language XPDL. The functional richness of the structured dialogue extensions is demonstrated through a dialogue management prototype developed as a separate MS Access database application.

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Dashti, Bahar, und Roberto Viljevac-Vasquez. „Exploring Use and Perception of Augmented- and Virtual Reality in the Swedish AEC Industry“. Thesis, KTH, Ledning och organisering i byggande och förvaltning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277003.

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Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality is on a trend of development. These technologies could have an impact on the way construction is carried out in the future. Right now these technologies are not widely used in the construction industry. What this report aims to understand is how the Swedish construction industry adheres to the current trend of digitalization, with an emphasis on Augmented- and Virtual Reality. By interviewing 13 managers within 8 different AEC organizations, in the form of semi-structured interviews, it was found that these technologies are indeed viewed as something that could change the way these organizations work. The current literature provides examples of how Augmented- and Virtual Reality can be used. However, these technologies are not mature enough to make an impact right now, as most managers see the technology as too expensive and they also had little to no knowledge of its contributions. The case was also the same with BIM, where a lack of knowledge seems to be the norm for all sorts of positions within the construction industry, from worker to manager. This is in accordance with previous studies and the interview findings. A lack of demand from clients and outdated work routines also affect adoption of BIM, Augmented- and Virtual Reality.
Augmented Reality och Virtual Reality befinner sig just nu vid ett utvecklingsstadie. Denna teknik kan påverka hur konstruktion genomförs i framtiden. Just nu används dessa tekniker inte i någon stor utsträckning inom byggindustrin. Syftet med denna uppsats är att förstå hur den svenska byggbranschen förhåller sig till den nuvarande trenden av digitalisering, med fokus på Augmented- och Virtual Reality. Genom att intervjua 13 chefer och projektledare inom 8 olika AEC-organisationer, i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer, konstaterades det att dessa teknologier ses som någonting som kan förändra hur dessa organisationer arbetar. Den nuvarande litteraturen ger exempel på hur Augmented- och Virtual Reality kan användas. Dock har det visat sig att dessa teknologier inte är tillräckligt mogna för att ha en påverkan just nu eftersom de flesta chefer och projektledare såg tekniken som för kostsam, de hade också liten eller ingen kunskap om dess potentiella bidrag. Detsamma gällde BIM, där en brist på kunskap fortfarande verkar vara normen för alla typer av tjänster inom byggbranschen, från arbetare till chef. Detta stämmer överens med tidigare studier och intervjuresultaten. Brist på efterfrågan från kunder samt gamla rutiner påverkar också adoptionen av BIM, Augmented- och Virtual Reality.

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Bengtsson, Susanna, und Victor Olsson. „Leveraging Collective Wisdom : Organizational Conditions to Enhance Knowledge Sharing in a Technical Consultancy Firm“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125040.

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Holz, Ru¨diger. „An investigation into offshoring and backshoring in the German automotive industry“. Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678668.

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Hermansson, Henry, und Axel Salomonsson. „Exploring Digital Innovation in the Construction Industry : The case of consultancy firms“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279576.

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The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is passive in employing innovative technologies and conducting change efforts. As a result, numerous companies in the AEC industry do not exploit many of the benefits, which otherwise can be achieved with digital innovations. When engaging with digital innovations, it is suggested to understand and verify the organizational capabilities of implementing new technologies instead of merely the capacity of the latest technologies considered. It is essential for organizations that go digital, to recognize a need for digital change while identifying the organizational obstacles that potentially can obstruct their change attempts. Hence, activities related to promoting and adopting new, innovative technologies are in practice concerned with change efforts, and challenges regarding how to implement and influence individuals to embrace them, thus making the best use of a considered digital tool. This research thesis explores how consultancy companies in the AEC industry are coping with the adoption and implemention of digital innovations. By taking the consultancy firm’s perspective, the thesis identifies, analyzes and addresses the main organizational obstacles that hinder digital adoption within the AEC industry. Methodologically, this research thesis builds on a qualitative single case study approach, seeking to achieve an understanding and analytical capability instead of a generalization. The qualitative means used involve 13 semi-structured interviews with employees at a Case Company as well as external experts working with digitalization and change management. Besides, through a literature review, the thesis compares and analyzes the findings from the interviews and how they are interrelated to existing literature regarding implementing digital innovations. The empirical results indicate that a main obstacle for implementing digital innovations at consultancy firms in the AEC industry is related to an inadequately articulated and mediated vision regarding the digital transformation process and the change required. The results show that the initiated and planned change projects are not systematically shared and communicated among the Case Company’s teams, and individuals alike. So, the practices for how the employees appropriately can proceed with an idea related to digital innovation are not widely understood nor shared. Accordingly, there is a lack of knowledge among managers and employees on why they should engage in digital change projects and how this can be done appropriately. Lastly, there is also a lack of time as well as financial and personal incentives allocated towards working with digital change. This research thesis emphasizes that an organizational vision, strategy, and procedures must be realized and mediated to all teams and individuals who are involved or affected by a digital change to address these obstacles. Managers and leaders need to foster the creation of change readiness required for the digital transformation process. This involves providing coworkers with sufficient prerequisites, mediating the change process and helping them to embrace it. For example, a) by explaining the benefits and the need for change, b) communicating and systematically informing the teams and individuals with the opportunities to develop necessary competences, and c) by offering guidance and managerial support. Still, it is essential to continuously evaluate change efforts to ensure that their outcome is valuable, instead of merely convincing individuals about the necessity of conducting a change.
Arkitektur, Ingenjör och Konstruktion (AEC) industrin beskrivs som passiv gällande att använda innovativ teknik och genomföra digital förändring. Därmed är det många företag inom AEC industrin som inte utnyttjar de fördelar som annars hade kunnat uppnås med digitala innovationer. När ett företag arbetar med digitala innovationer föreslås att man förstår och verifierar de organisatoriska kapaciteterna för att implementera en ny teknik istället för bara kapaciteten för den senaste teknologin som beaktas. För organisationer som strävar efter att bli digitalt adoptiva är det viktigt att urskilja ett behov om digital förändring och samtidigt identifiera de organisatoriska utmaningarna som potentiellt kan hindra deras förändringsförsök. När en verksamhet eftersträvar att främja och anta nya innovativa tekniker, så är det i praktiken ofta utmanande att influera individer att omfamna förändringen som dessa teknologier medför, och därmed utnyttja ett betraktat digitalt verktyg bäst. Denna forskningsuppsats undersöker hur konsultföretag i AEC-industrin klarar av implementeringen av digitala innovationer. Genom att ta ett konsultföretags perspektiv identifierar, analyserar och besvarar denna forskningsuppsats de viktigaste organisatoriska utmaningarna som hindrar digital adoption inom AEC-industrin. Forskningsmetoden bygger på en kvalitativ fallstudie som syftar till att uppnå en förståelse och analytisk förmåga istället för en generalisering. De kvalitativa medel som används involverar 13 semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda på ett Case-företag samt externa experter som arbetar med digitalisering och förändringshantering. Genom att också utföra en litteraturstudie jämförs och analyseras resultaten från intervjuerna, samt hur de är relaterade till befintlig litteratur gällande implementering av digital innovation. Resultat visar att ett huvudhinder för att implementera digitala innovationer, för konsultföretag inom AEC-industrin, är en otillräckligt artikulerad och förmedlad vision om den digitala transformationsprocessen och den förändring som krävs. Planerade och påbörjade förändringsprojekt delas och kommuniceras inte heller systematiskt mellan Case-företagets teams och individer. Dessutom förstås eller delas inte metoderna för hur de anställda på ett lämpligt sätt kan gå vidare med en idé relaterad till digital innovation. Följaktligen saknas kunskap bland chefer och anställda om varför de ska engagera sig i digitala förändringsprojekt och hur detta kan göras på ett lämpligt sätt. Det saknas också tid såväl som ekonomiska och personliga incitament för att arbeta med digital förändring. För att hantera dessa hinder betonar denna forskningsuppsats att en organisatorisk vision, strategi och tillvägagångssätt måste realiseras och tydligt förmedlas till alla teams och individer som är involverade eller påverkade av en digital förändring. Chefer och ledare måste främja skapandet av en förändringsberedskap som krävs för den digitala transformationsprocessen. Detta involverar att ge kollegor tillräckliga förutsättningar, förmedla förändringsprocessen och hjälpa dem omfamna den. Till exempel, a) genom att förklara fördelarna och behovet av förändring, b) kommunicera och systematiskt informera teams och individer om möjligheterna för att utveckla nödvändiga kompetenser, c) genom att erbjuda vägledning och ledarstöd. Det är dock fortfarande viktigt att kontinuerligt utvärdera förändringsinsatser för att se till att deras resultat är värdefulla, istället för att endast övertyga individer om nödvändigheten av att genomföra en förändring.

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Markowski, Alexander. „Elements of strategy @ work : a survey within the German machine and plant industry“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50336.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In undertaking this research on strategy at work, several key issues emerged and shaped its course. Firstly, it was essential to understand what strategy is about. Since the humble beginnings of strategic management in the world of business, there has been confusion about its definition and basic elements. The number of definitions, of varying usefulness, is almost as infinite as the number of authors in this field. This study therefore attempts to pinpoint the commonly agreed upon underlying elements of strategy. Secondly, the use of strategy and the benefits accruing to the corporate world were of interest. An investigation into the use of strategy and its effect on performance was carried out by means of a survey among German companies in the machine and plant manufacturing industry. Finally, data gathered were analysed to prove the existence of a relationship between the use of strategy and corporate performance. This task was done by means of non-empirical as well as empirical study. The non-empirical study was undertaken as a literature review, and set out to investigate the basic principles of strategy in order to establish a common definition regarding the elements of strategy. On the other hand, the empirical study took place in the form of a survey, collecting primary data on the matter. From the literature review it was concluded that strategy can be defined by means of five elements, namely plan, ploy, pattern, perspective and position. While the first three elements are related more to the 'how' of strategy, by asking in which form they can be seen, the latter two tell more about the 'what' of strategy, by clarifying the content. In addition to the elements of strategy, it was established that, for the purpose of this study, corporate performance can be described by using four indicators, namely growth, market share, return on equity and innovation. In the subsequent survey, companies were requested to respond to a questionnaire regarding these five elements, as well as the four indicators of their performance. Close analysis showed that companies did indeed utilise one or more elements of strategy. It is noteworthy that only two companies reported that they did not make use of strategy at all. More significant is the finding that there is a small positive relationship between the use of elements of strategy and performance. In summing up, it can be said that companies indeed utilise elements of strategy. Furthermore, it can be concluded that companies using more elements of strategy may do better than companies using fewer elements, since there is a small positive relationship between the number of elements used and performance.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie navorsingsprojek oor Strategy at Work (Strategie in Werking) het verskeie sleutelaangeleenthede, wat die verloop daarvan gevorm het, opgeduik. Eerstens was dit noodsaaklik om begrip te hê waaroor strategie handel. Sedert die nederige ontstaan van strategiese bestuur in die sakewêreld, heers daar verwarring oor sy basiese elemente en 'n definisie daarvoor. Die aantal definisies - van afwisselende nuttigheid - is bykans so ontelbaar soos die hoeveelheid skrywers in hierdie veld. Derhalwe probeer hierdie studie die algemeen erkende en onderliggende elemente van strategie haarfyn aanwys. Tweedens was die aanwending van strategie en die voordele wat gevolglik vir die korporatiewe wêreld aangroei van belang. 'n Ondersoek na die aanwending van stategie en dié se uitwerking op prestasie is uitgevoer deur middel van 'n opname onder Duitse maatskappye in die masjien- en aanlegvervaardigingsnywerheid. Ten slotte is versamelde gegewens geanaliseer om die bestaan van 'n verband tussen die aanwending van strategie en korporatiewe prestasie te bewys. Hierdie taak is deur middel van nie-empiriese sowel as empiriese studie uitgevoer. Die nie-empiriese studie is as 'n literêre oorsig uitgevoer en het 'n ondersoek na die basiese beginsels van strategie behels - met die skep van 'n algemene definisie betreffende die elemente van strategie as oogmerk. Daarenteen het die empiriese studie die vorm aangeneem van 'n opname waartydens vername gegewens oor die aangeleentheid versamel is. Uit die literêre oorsig is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat strategie deur middel van vyf elemente, naamlik plan, metode, patroon, perspektief en posisie, gedefinieer kan word. Waar eersvermelde drie elemente meer verband hou met die "hoe" van strategie deur te vra in watter vorm dit gesien kan word, gaan dit by die oorblywende twee meer oor die "wat" van strategie deur die inhoud te verhelder. Benewens die elemente van strategie is daar vasgestel dat vir die doel van hierdie studie korporatiewe prestasie beskryf kan word deur die aanwending van vier aanwysers, naamlik groei, markaandeel, rendement van ekwiteit en innovasie. In die daaropvolgende opname is maatskappye versoek om te reageer op 'n vraelys oor hierdie vyf elemente, asook die vier aanwysers rakende hulle prestasie. Noukeurige analise het getoon dat maatskappye inderdaad een of meer elemente van strategie aangewend het. Dit is meldenswaardig dat net twee maatskappye aangedui het dat hulle geensins van strategie gebruik gemaak het nie. En meer betekenisvol is die bevinding dat daar 'n geringe, positiewe verwantskap is tussen die aanwending van elemente van strategie en prestasie. Opsommenderwys kan aangevoer word dat maatskappye inderdaad elemente van stategie aanwend. Vervolgens kan die afleiding gemaak word dat maatskappye, wat meer elemente van strategie toepas, nog beter vaar as maatskappye wat minder elemente aanwend aangesien daar 'n klein, positiewe verband tussen die aantal elemente wat aangewend word en prestasie bestaan.

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Korsvold, Torbjørn. „Creating organizational change and innovation : An action research oriented study of participative organizational change and innovation in the Norwegian AEC industry“. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-60.

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This thesis contributes to the understanding of how to create organizational change and innovation in companies of the Norwegian Architects, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. The thesis, then, inquires into the conditions necessary for how the collective practice of collaboration and execution in building projects can be changed emphasizing the emancipatory potential of conversations in arenas for dialogue. The aim is to achieve new useful collective practice in projects, which in the end entails increased competitiveness for the companies involved. This implies that organizational change and innovation ultimately encompass the total value-creating chain of all the actors involved in the building project. That means all from the finished building including the physical construction process on the building site and the end-consumers that are going to use or own it, to the initial programming stage with the first drawing sketches of the architect. The thesis will argue that organizational change and innovation in AEC companies does not emerge on its own through for instance “linear-control” oriented models of planning and subsequent plan implementation or models for increased managerial project control. To the contrary, the thesis will show that processes of change and innovation are created through active and broad participation by all actors directly involved in the project, companies as well as single individuals in arenas for dialogue. The objective of this thesis, then, is to contribute to how organizational change and innovation can be created, that is; what are the conditions necessary to achieve organizational change and innovation in AEC companies? And next; how can organizational change and innovation be spread among the companies in the Norwegian AEC industry? These are the two major research questions of the study. The thesis is an action research-oriented case study based on collaboration with a Research & Development (R&D)-program called The Integrated Building Process (the SiB – Samspillet i Byggeprosessen) jointly sponsored by four Norwegian AEC companies and the Research Council of Norway (RCN). My doctoral grant, including abroad stay as a visiting research scholar at Stanford University, California, USA, summer 1998 and fall 1999, was 100 % sponsored by the RCN, the Industry and Energy division. The field research was carried out in a 4 ½-years period from 1997 to 2001.

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Gutberlet, Theresa. „Mechanization, Transportation, and the Location of Industry in Germany 1846 to 1907“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297025.

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This dissertation investigates the question: why do some regions industrialize and others do not? The research focuses on industrialization in Germany in the second half of the 19th century when the country adopted British steam technology and built a dense railroad network. The central thesis is that the adoption of steam powered machinery created incentives for manufacturers to concentrate production in central areas and around coal fields. The railroad boom lowered trade costs and thereby made it feasible to serve distant markets from these central locations. As a result, the Ruhr Area gained industrial employment in large numbers while regions in Bavaria and East Elbia lost their traditional manufacturing centers. Specifically, the first chapter finds that increases in the use of steam power led to a rise in the spatial concentration of manufacturing industries and higher co-location with coal mining. The second chapter compares the effects of access to coal and access to consumer markets on regional industrial employment to separately identify the impact of coal fields and the population centers that formed around them. The results show that access to coal was more important than access to consumer markets for the location of metal production and textiles. The third chapter shows that improvements in market access had a negative impact on manufacturing growth in regions with below median per capita manufacturing employment, but for regions above this mark the impact was positive. This means that the transportation improvements did not support the dispersion of industry but instead contributed to the geographic concentration of industrialization. Together the chapters show that the adoption of steam powered technology in manufacturing and transportation raised the spatial concentration of manufacturing and help to explain why industrial development was not more widespread in Germany.

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Ospina, Alvarado Angelica Maria. „Unified framework for construction project integration and its potential association with project performance“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39584.

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The construction industry is not performing as desired by the stakeholders that compose it. Several authors and practitioners have claimed that moving the industry towards a more integrated approach to project delivery could notoriously improve the overall performance of the industry. The main purpose of this dissertation was to obtain a unified framework for project integration, by identifying the critical success attributes for achieving project integration, the different levels of importance of attributes other than the critical success attributes to improve the integration process, and by determining if there are major differences among the perceptions of respondents depending on their role in the industry. In addition, this study also sought to identify potential associations between the integration attributes and the different project performance or project success criteria. In order to develop this framework and to identify the potential associations between integration attributes and project performance, a survey was conducted. The sample of the survey was composed of construction industry practitioners; it included owners, facility managers, engineers, specialty consultants, general contractors, subcontractors, among other professionals. The sample size was 264 respondents. The main method used for developing the framework was the Thurstone Scaling Method of Successive Interval Procedure; in addition, this method was complemented and validated using correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of the means. According to the perception of respondents, 19 attributes out of the 45 attributes under study, were identified as critical for successfully achieving project integration. In addition, four other categories of importance were identified and the other integration attributes were categorized accordingly. No major differences were found between the perceptions that different project participants had in regard to the importance of the different attributes to achieve project integration, leading to the conclusion that the perception of respondents in regard to this matter is very homogeneous. The potential impact of the 45 attributes on 12 performance criteria was analyzed. According to the perception of respondents, most of the integration attributes have different levels of impact on the different performance criteria; however there is not a clear relationship between the level of importance for achieving project integration and the level of potential impact on the different performance criteria. Most of the integration attributes are divided in two groups depending on their behavior across all integration criteria; in addition there are three groups that have one attribute each. The potential impact of each of these groups differs from one performance criterion to the other; however there are some performance criteria where the behavior of the groups is similar. The groups have a similar behavior on cost, time, and productivity; they also behave similarly on quality and owner satisfaction; on functionality and user satisfaction; and on health and safety and environmental impact and sustainability.

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Ruixue, Liu, und Zhong Yicheng. „Analysis of BIM and GIS integration: results from literature review and questionnaire“. Thesis, Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53310.

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Abstract. BIM (Building Information Model) and GIS (Geographic Information System) have been rapidly developed in recent years due to their respective strengths in projects. But these two systems are totally different on focus, reference systems and data storage. With the increasing discussion about integrated BIM-GIS and technologies development, application fields, solutions and challenges are continuously updated and developed. However, the actual application of BIM and GIS integration has not been better implemented because it is restricted to certain extent by different regions, different projects and certain technical constraints. To better explore the integration of BIM and GIS, this paper reviews the development progress of BIM and GIS integration, the exiting integration methods at data level, process level and application level, and the remaining integrated challenges through the studies of 43 relevant research articles, and analyzes the actual situation of integration application through the results of questionnaire. Based on the literature review and a questionnaire, there are still technical problems in BIM-GIS integration including transformation accuracy, semantic simplification and geometric information filtering and so on, and integrated BIM-GIS is currently rarely used in the AEC industry. But due to the benefits of the integration, there is no doubt that integrated BIM-GIS system can bring significant value to the AEC industry.

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Miller, Kyle T. Sperber Jonathan. „The Bavarian model? modernization, environment, and landscape planning in the Bavarian nuclear power industry, 1950-1980 /“. Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6170.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 15, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Jonathan Sperber. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Irmscher, Bettina. „New compliance management system of the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany“. Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-208915.

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The meaning of Corporate Governance is all values and principles guiding or regulating good and responsible business management. Clearly defined roles and responsibilities for managing compliance, risks and checks is the prerequisite for the latter. For that reason, a compliance management system was set up at the University Hospital Frankfurt in 2015.

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Rampeltshammer, Luitpold. „Globalization and industrial relations the pharmaceutical industry in Germany and the United Kingdom“. Frankfurt, M. New York, NY Campus-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988789558/04.

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Janowitz, Axel. „Die Lüneburger Saline im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert /“. Bielefeld [u.a.] : Verl. für Regionalgeschichte, 2003. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0d4i4-aa.

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Wessel, Oliver. „Comparitive study of automation strategies at VW Germany and South Africa“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/823.

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This master thesis analyses the Volkswagen assembly lines of the Golf A5 manufacture in the mother plant in Wolfsburg, the Touran manufacture in the Auto 5000 GmbH in Wolfsburg as well as the Golf A5 manufacture in Uitenhage in South Africa - all with regard to the level of automation. The target of the analysis is the determination of the optimal level of automation in the three production sites and therefore, the investigation of the potential to automate, or rather to deautomate in particular sections of the assembly in the prevailing production locations. The three production sites are to be investigated with regard to costs, quality and quantity.

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Antoh, Robert. „An Analysis of the Value Propositions for Integrated 4D BIM-GIS Adoption for Construction supply Chain Management : Assessing Digital Transformation in the Swedish AEC Industry“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297902.

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Logistics and supply chain in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry can be seen as coordinated collaboration that is subject to managerial risks. The managerial risks are mitigated by Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geo-Information Science (GIS), which are two distinctive digital transformative tools which are revolutionizing and accelerating the AEC industry in recent years. Many gains have been achieved concerning the capacity of BIM and GIS to enable collaborative workflows that minimize data loss and reduce inefficiencies in construction. In the past decade, most scholarly literature on BIM and GIS integration for supply chain management have focused on coordination and visualization to improve supply chain operational efficiency. While BIM optimizes visualization and manages the data related to specific projects, GIS coordinates and manages the data related to the outside environment of the project. An integrated BIM-GIS adoption for Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM) offers value propositions for client and contracting organizations as information/data is seamlessly shared among them to guide decision making at every phase of the construction project. However, no detailed study has been conducted so far on assessments of the value creation 4D BIM-GIS brings to the AEC industry when espoused for CSCM. To fill this gap, this paper aims to identify and prioritize the value propositions to 4D BIM-GIS adoption for CSCM in the Swedish AEC industry. Based on the reflective perceptions and evaluations of the AEC industry, the paper demonstrated the varied opinions from current active users and those who are yet to adopt 4D BIM-GIS for CSCM. ‘Time savings, ‘Increased efficiency and productivity and ‘Improved communication and information sharing’ were ranked as topmost drivers for 4D BIM-GIS adoption. The paper recommends corporate level training as pivotal in familiarizing workers with the new techniques that combine BIM and GIS in AEC practice.
Logistik och försörjningskedjan inom arkitektur, teknik och konstruktion (ABE) kan ses som ett samordnat samarbete med överhängande ledningsrisker. Riskerna som hanteras kan mildras av Byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM) och Geografiskt informationssystem (GIS), som är två digitalt distinkta transformativa verktyg som revolutionerat och påskyndat ABE-sektorn de senaste åren. Många vinster har uppnåtts med avseende på kapaciteten av BIM och GIS, vilket har möjliggjort ett samarbetsflöde som minimerat dataförlust och minskat ineffektiviteten i byggandet. Under det senaste decenniet har den mest vetenskapliga litteraturen om BIM- och GIS-integration för ledning av försörjningskedjan fokuserat på samordning och visualisering för att förbättra effektiviteten i försörjningskedjan. BIM optimerar visualisering och hantering av data, relaterat till specifika projekt, medan GIS samordnar och hanterar data relaterat till projektets omgivning. En integrerad BIM-GIS-antagande för konstruktionsledningen av försörjningskedjan (CSCM) erbjuder värdeförslag för klient- och beställarorganisationer, eftersom information / data sömlöst delas mellan dem för att kunna guida beslutsfattandet i varje fas av byggprojektet. Emellertid har ingen detaljerad studie hittills genomförts om bedömningar av värdeskapandet som 4D BIM-GIS ger till ABE-sektorn när de används för CSCM. För att fylla denna kunskapslucka syftar denna studie till att identifiera och prioritera värdeförslag till 4D BIM-GIS-antagande för CSCM i den svenska ABE-sektorn. Baserat på de reflekterande uppfattningarna och utvärderingarna från ABE-sektorn, visar studien de olika åsikterna från de nuvarande aktiva användare och de som ännu inte har antagit 4D BIM-GIS för CSCM. ”Tidsbesparingar,” Ökad effektivitet och produktivitet” och ”Förbättrad kommunikation och informationsdelning” rankades som de främsta drivkrafterna för 4D BIM-GIS-antagande. Studien rekommenderar utbildning på företagsnivå som en central faktor för att bekanta sig med de nya teknikerna som kombinerar BIM och GIS i ABE-sektorn.

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Schwartzmann, Julia. „Dermocosmetics’ industry in Brazil and Germany: a comparison of consumer preferences between these countries“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24559.

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This work examines the industry of Dermocosmetics or Cosmeceuticals, with a focus on the female consumer behavior. The scope of this work is the Brazilian and German markets, given that these two countries are among the biggest consumer markets of cosmetics and dermocosmetics (Euromonitor, 2014). Based on consumer behavior theories, previous studies about cosmetic markets, and an interview with a market specialist, we raised the most recurrent five topics, which were further investigated in order to understand the consumer behavior profiles of the Brazilian and the German women and, most importantly, understand the difference in preferences and trends between these two groups. The topics chosen where: (1) Preferences regarding the product origin (2) Preferences regarding the product type (3) What are the major concerns when choosing a product (I.E. esthetics, health etc) (4) On whom/what they rely to make the purchase decision (5) Concern with organic/sustainable products. This study consisted in the application of questionnaire to 72 Brazilian women and 68 German women to arrive to a valid sample of fifty Brazilian and fifty German women from 25 to 40 years old with similar acquisition power. Among the findings: German women tend to be more ethnocentric than Brazilians when choosing a cosmetics; there is a positive heurism towards French products in both populations; Brazilians make more use of advanced facial sunscreens and anti-agers, while Germans make more use of facial moisturizes and anti-agers and Brazilians use much more body products; German women are more driven by utilitarian motives, physiological needs and are more concern to their skin health, while Brazilians have more hedonic motives, are more concerned to the appearance; Brazilians are more looking to try new products while Germans are more traditional; both populations rely on dermatologists and friends/family to make the purchase, but Brazilians value and attend more dermatologists; Germans buy more organic/sustainable products than Brazilians, reasons were pointed as few options, lower quality, but both groups are willing to pay more if the quality is even.
Este trabalho examina a indústria de Dermocosméticos ou cosmecêuticos, com foco no comportamento do consumidor feminino. O escopo deste trabalho é o mercado brasileiro e alemão, uma vez que esses dois países estão entre os maiores mercados consumidores de cosméticos e dermocosméticos (Euromonitor, 2014). Com base em teorias de comportamento do consumidor, estudos anteriores sobre os mercados de cosméticos e uma entrevista com um especialista de mercado, levantamos os cinco tópicos mais recorrentes, que foram investigados para entender os perfis de comportamento do consumidor das mulheres brasileiras e alemãs. Os temas escolhidos são: (1) Preferências em relação à origem do produto (2) Preferências em relação ao tipo de produto (3) Quais são as principais preocupações na escolha de um produto (estética, saúde etc.) (4) O que/quem influencia na decisão de compra (5) Preocupação com produtos orgânicos/sustentáveis. Este estudo consistiu na aplicação de questionário a 72 mulheres brasileiras e 68 mulheres alemãs para chegar a uma amostra válida de cinquenta mulheres brasileiras e cinquenta alemãs de 25 a 40 anos com poder de aquisição semelhante. Entre as descobertas: as mulheres alemãs tendem a ser mais etnocêntricas do que as brasileiros quando escolhem dermocosméticos; há um heurismo positivo em relação aos produtos franceses em ambas as populações; as brasileiras fazem mais uso de protetores solares e anti-agressivos faciais avançados, enquanto as alemãs, hidratantes faciais e anti-agressivos e as brasileiras usam muito mais produtos para o corpo; as mulheres alemãs são mais levadas a motivos utilitários, necessidades fisiológicas e mais preocupadas com a saúde da pele, enquanto as brasileiros têm mais motivos hedônicos, estão mais preocupados com a aparência; as brasileiros estão mais interessados em experimentar novos produtos, enquanto as alemãs são mais tradicionais; ambas as populações contam com dermatologistas e amigos/familiares para fazer a compra, mas as brasileiros valorizam e frequentam mais dermatologistas; as alemães compram mais produtos orgânicos / sustentáveis do que as brasileiras, os motivos foram apontados como poucas opções, de menor qualidade, mas os grupos estão dispostos a pagar mais se a qualidade for uniforme.

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Wolf, Sascha G. „Pharmaceutical expenditure in Germany : future development, political influence and economic impact /“. Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018687182&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Mohammed, Mohammed Refaat Mekawy [Verfasser], Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Petzold, Frank [Gutachter] Petzold und Zhilang [Gutachter] Ma. „A Framework for Using BIM in Mass-Customization and Prefabrication in the AEC Industry / Mohammed Refaat Mekawy Mohammed ; Gutachter: Frank Petzold, Zhilang Ma ; Betreuer: Frank Petzold“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222161710/34.

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Başara, Meltem. „Cultural influences on service quality expectations evidence from the hotel sector in Germany and Spain /“. View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/rp/basaram/meltembasara.pdf.

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Falk, Martin. „The demand for heterogeneous labor : empirical evidence at the industry and firm level for Germany /“. Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010720709&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Keenan, Liam Francis. „Financialisation, the brewing industry and the changing role of the pub in Britain and Germany“. Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3874.

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Financialisation has been understood in varying ways from different disciplinary perspectives. Developing a political economy approach concerned with the geographical and institutional variegation of national capitalisms, this thesis aims to provide a more finely grained, geographically sensitive understanding of financialisation which more thoroughly appreciates the constitutive roles of space and place. Taking the dramatic reductions in the number of pubs in Britain and Germany as the entry point, the empirical focus seeks to explain the roles of financialisation in the pubs business at both national and sub-national scales. The changing role and closures of pubs will be utilised to explain how the processes of financialisation are reorienting economic interests, transforming corporate forms, enrolling an increasing number and widening set of actors into the global financial system, and impacting the experience of an economically and socially significant sector of the economy. The international comparison serves to explain how while the processes of financialisation maintain certain general characteristics they are unfolding in geographically differentiated and uneven ways shaped by the institutional configurations of variegations of capitalism. Whilst exhibiting core constituents and common underlying tendencies, it will be argued that the spatially and temporally variegated phenomena of financialisation is enacted, mediated and resisted by geographically grounded actors and institutions.

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Alami, Tarik, und Cécile Montier. „The use of corporate entrepreneurship by Gefeba Elektro GmbH : The case study of a German medium-sized company in the highly competitive process automation sector“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98108.

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Corporate entrepreneurship has gained renewed interested in research since global markets are evolving and industries become more and more competitive. Information is transferred across the globe rapidly so that products and processes can be copied quickly. In order to be competitive, companies need to enhance creativity, their technological knowledge and market know-how. This high competitiveness leads to a dilemma where innovation is a key to survive whilst the size and administration may signify barriers to replicate entrepreneurial behavior through the entire business. Considering the relevance of corporate entrepreneurship in the rapidly changing market of the 21st century, our purpose was to develop a deeper understanding of how corporate entrepreneurship can be used by companies. We then looked deeper into the subject of organizational transformation and decided to do a case study. The aim of the research was to make a theoretical contribution by examining the subject in the context of a medium-sized enterprise in a specific environment where corporate entrepreneurship is vital. Therefore, we chose a medium-sized German company that operates in the increasingly complex and competitive process automation industry. The Gefeba Elektro GmbH was found to be an interesting case for a case study for several reasons. The company was situated in a highly competitive market, in the heart of the industrial ‘Rurhgebiet’, with numerous competitors. However, and despite the lack of resources faced by this SME, Gefeba is an important actor in the automation industry. Although researchers have examined various factors that promote corporate entrepreneurship, the literature has focused on defining factors in isolation without linking them to architectural factors, especially when it comes to SMEs. These factors are defined in our study as leadership, culture, structure and strategy. Acting within the extremes of small businesses and large corporations, we focus our study on a single medium-sized company that enables us to reach different levels of the organization and grasp a holistic understanding of this specific organization in relation to its use of CE. In accordance to this, the main research question is: How does Gefeba Elektro GmbH use corporate entrepreneurship in the automation sector industry? The study was conducted using a qualitative research method. One of the major findings is that the Gefeba Elektro GmbH is using a balance between the organizational antecedents of common values and flexibility to build a mechanism that aligns the organizational architecture towards the development of corporate entrepreneurship. Another aspect is the fact that every architectural factor is used for the development of CE, even if some architectural factors such as leadership and culture seem to have more importance in this development. Thereby, the findings about organizational antecedents and architectural factors are relevant for the managerial implications in others SMEs facing the same context as Gefeba Elektro GmbH, which are willing to implement corporate entrepreneurship without knowing exactly how to do it. Indeed, the lack of resources of an SME could however allow developing organizational transformation through a sensitive equilibrium between the common values and beliefs for the control and the flexibility for the innovation. Moreover, another point highlighted in our findings is the crucial role of the individual in the implementation and development of corporate entrepreneurship.

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Gumustekin, Basak. „The J Curve At The Industry Level: An Examination Of Bilateral Trade Between Turkey And Germany“. Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614352/index.pdf.

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This thesis examines the relationship between the bilateral real exchange rate and the trade balances of 20 industries in which majority of the trade between Turkey and her leading partner Germany is carried out, both for the short and long run, in search of the existence of any J-curve effect. Using quarterly data over the period 1989:1-2011:3, the relationship is analyzed empirically through the bounds testing approach to cointegration and error correction modeling. The findings show that, although the pattern created by a depreciation does not follow the compl ete J curve in any of the industries, still the exchange rate as well as foreign and domestic real incomes are effective determinants of bilateral trade balance between Turkey and Germany in majority of the cases both in the short and in the long run. Moreover, this thesis provides strong support for the assertion that at the disaggregate level industries exhibit unique and distinct trade balance responses to exchange rate fluctuations, by showing that these responses vary significantly across different sectors both in the short and long run.

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Funk, Antje Elisabeth Margarete. „Criminal liability of Internet providers in Germany and other jurisdictions“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70134.

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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2004
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the criminal liability of Internet providers. The focus is on Germany, but the analysis is put in a wider, comparative context. This is done with reference to South Africa, as well as Europe and the American system. This thesis demonstrates and discusses the existing legal norms to regulate Internet provider liability for illegal content on the Internet and the international efforts to deal with this issue. In the introduction it is shown how the Internet has given rise to a new form of global communication and the accompanying legal problems. This is followed by an examination of the different functions Internet providers have. A survey of some of the important crimes affecting the Internet and also some Internet-specific offences put the more general issue of liability in a more specific context. Traditional and new forms of crimes are discussed. This section is followed by an analysis of Internet provider liability under German criminal law and Germany's Teleservices Act. From an international criminal law perspective some international instruments, like the Cybercrime Convention of the Council of Europe, is discussed. National legislation, especially in the context of the European Union, must always be put in the proper regional and international context. The thesis concludes with some thoughts on alternative, or perhaps complementary, methods to fight illegal and criminal conduct on the Internet. This is done not as a critique of the responses to Internet crime, but rather to strengthen the many hands trying to reduce Internet crime.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis handeloor die strafregtelike aanspreekliheid van Internet diensverskaffers. Die fokus val op Duitsland, maar die analise word ook geplaas in 'n wyer, vergelykende konteks. Dit word gedoen met verwysing na Suid-Afrika, sowel as Europa en die VSA. Die tesis demonstreer en bespreek die bestaande regsnorme wat Internet diensverskaffers reguleer met spesifieke verwysing na aanspreeklikheid vir onwettige inhoud op die Internet en internasionale pogings om hierdie probleem aan te spreek. Ter inleiding word daar aangetoon hoe die Internet aanleiding gee tot nuwe vorme van globale kommunikasie en die regsprobleme wat dit tot gevolg het. Dit word gevolg deur 'n ondersoek na die verskillende funksies van Internet verskaffers. 'n Ontleding en bespreking van Internet-spesifieke misdrywe plaas die meer algemene vraagstuk in 'n meer gefokusde konteks. Tradisionele en nuwe vorme van misdaad word bespreek. Hierdie afdeling word gevolg deur 'n ontleding van Internet diensverskaffer aanspreeklikheid ingevolge Duitse reg en die Duitse wetgewing op die terrein van telediens. Uit 'n internasionale strafreg oogpunt word sekere internasionale instrumente, soos die Cybercrime Convention van die Raad van Europa, bespreek. Nasionale wetgewing, veral in die konteks van die Europese Unie, word ook in die relevante regionale en internasionale konteks geplaas. Die tesis word afgesluit met sekere gedagtes oor alternatiewe, of moontlik komplimentêre, metodes in die stryd teen Internet-kriminaliteit. Dit moet nie gesien word as kritiek op die huidige stand van sake nie, maar eerder as 'n poging om die talle rolspelers in die stryd teen Internet misdaad se hande te sterk.

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Schöttler, Raphael [Verfasser], Nikolaus [Gutachter] Wolf und Michael [Gutachter] Burda. „Essays on Germany : market access, industry location, price of land / Raphael Schöttler. Gutachter: Nikolaus Wolf ; Michael Burda“. Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1109846568/34.

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Swain, Adam. „The geography of transformation : the restructuring of the automotive industry in Hungary and East Germany, 1989-1994“. Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1628/.

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Blaney, Martin John. „The relationship between the film industry and television in the Federal Republic of Germany, from 1950 to 1985“. Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378898.

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Xia, Chenxiao. „Comparative Study on Electrification in Germany and Japan: Technological Style and Business-Government Relations“. Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227574.

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Chlebna, Camilla M. „The role of institutions for the path dependent development of the wind energy industry in Germany and Britain“. Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2017. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/21dd4aef-25b7-41ab-9ff0-4eeadaf4c7e7/1/.

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The key argument of this thesis is that institutional settings have a crucial impact on path dependent economic development. It is also argued that both formal and informal institutions play an important role. The contribution to knowledge lies in the unique combination of a path dependency perspective with an institutional focus and the proposition of two frameworks to examine the relationships between the concepts. It is evidence for the valuable contribution that strongly qualitative approaches in studies in evolutionary economic geography can make. A multi-level perspective is applied in two frameworks. Three key levels are examined: The civil society, where transitional new pathways originate, the path dependent industrial landscape which new technological pathways seek to reach, and the institutions which need to support these new technological pathways so they can develop. It is argued through the conceptual framework that the institutional arrangements act as a filter on agents’ perceptions and that therefore different institutional constellations in different regions or countries are one important cause of divergent economic development. The analysis framework proposes a role for both informal and formal institutional arrangements, where informal institutions have an important impact on whether and how the formal institutional arrangements are co-evolved by agents because of their immediate effect on their perceptions and behaviour. These frameworks were tested by applying them to the case of the path dependent development of the wind energy industry in Germany and Britain. 32 semi-structured interviews with industry experts followed a pilot study of four interviews with academics. A good spread across the two countries and across perspectives was achieved. It was found that in Germany the strength of the anti-nuclear sentiment in combination with the federal structure allowed for new ideas about energy generation to get a foothold amongst policymakers. In contrast the relatively closed, hierarchical formal institutional structure in Britain in combination with a lack of a comparable strength of sentiment amongst society in general hindered similar institutional co-evolution and institutional hysteresis continued.

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Fleming, Ruven C. „Shale gas extraction in Europe and Germany : the impacts of environmental protection and energy security on emerging regulations“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228565.

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Shale gas extraction is a technology that is recently arriving in Europe and Germany. The technology brings about a considerable amount of potential environmental threats, but the extraction of shale gas also promises energy security rewards. When the European and German systems for energy and environmental regulation were developed, shale gas extraction did not exist as a technical possibility. Both systems are, hence, not entirely adapted to this technology. This work highlights different ways in which the European and German legislator could act to close existing gaps in their regulatory systems. This could mainly be done by supplementing the existing system with new, shale gas specific regulations. These regulations should be summarized in a new-build shale gas law. The current work tracks the different stages of development of such a new shale gas law, starting from the level of rather abstract constitutional objectives, which translate into clearer defined environmental principles, which in turn translate into a concrete law. Experience from other European states with the legal handling of shale gas extraction teaches that there are essentially two different orientations for such a new-build shale gas law. One is the adoption of a prohibitive moratorium and the other is the implementation of a cautious, but permissive shale gas law. This work`s original contribution to knowledge is the insight that constitutional pre-settings on the interplay of environmental protection with energy security make a cautious, but permissive shale gas law a measure that is legally sounder than a shale gas moratorium. Legally sound, in this context, means complying, to the greatest extent possible, with the applicable constitutional and quasi-constitutional objectives. A shale gas moratorium only serves one purpose, environmental protection, and does not take sufficient account of the energy security objective. A shale gas moratorium only serves one purpose, environmental protection, and does not take sufficient account of the energy security objective. A cautious, but permissive shale gas law, by contrast, possesses the ability to reconcile the competing interests of environmental protection and energy security, which makes it more resilient to judicial review than a moratorium. Having said that, it must be emphasised that shale gas regulation is ultimately a political decision and the legislator is allowed to pick either of the described solutions. This work merely describes which solution is the legally soundest in the sense defined above. To sum up, results from this study will extent what is currently known about the constitutional pre-conditions for the development of shale gas regulation. It highlight that constitutional objectives have a significant impact on the shape of energy regulation.

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O'Riordan, Linda. „Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Approaches to Stakeholder Engagement in the Pharmaceutical Industry in the UK and Germany“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5304.

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This thesis addresses corporate approaches to CSR stakeholder engagement in the pharmaceutical industry in the UK and Germany. Its objective is to undertake mainly exploratory qualitative research to investigate how the selected sample manages CSR. The data was primarily accessed and collected from senior executives within major pharmaceutical companies. Multiple research methods were employed to gather rich new empirical evidence which focuses on the CSR practices and perceptions of CSR managers in both countries. To examine how this 'sensitive' sector responds to what could be termed the 'CSR Challenge', a critical realist perspective and six codes were chosen to map the practices and to compare similarities and differences between the two countries. This research contributes to the academic literature in this field by filling significant gaps in an area which was previously under-investigated. Ultimately, the findings are employed to examine a prespecified framework which was originally developed by the author based on secondary data in separate research. Overall, the results inform, re-examine, and improve this recently published framework. The updated explanatory framework which results from the research is the main conceptual contribution of the thesis. It serves as a management tool which includes the contextual factors which influence decision-makers' practices and perceptions portrayed as a set of inter-related management steps. This new conceptualisation is designed to be of practical use for decision-makers when managing their stakeholder engagement activities. As a result, this research is essentially applied and normative in nature. In addition, this work presents an original contribution to the literature in its field which should be of interest to academics.

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Lee, Kyoung Hoon. „Industrial evolution and national institutional advantage : a comparative analysis of the photovoltaic industry in Germany, China and South Korea“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/42076/.

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A number of alternative economic and economic geography theories have been developed to account for the divergence of national political economy and industrial dynamics. These include the varieties of capitalism, developmental state, neo-Schumpeterian innovation, and Gerschenkronian catching-up theories. In this thesis I shall argue that in these theories a core and often shared concept of "institutional advantage" plays a central role in explaining different economic performances across nations. This concept is elaborated as a means of examining the causal relationships between institutional advantages and four necessary functions (market creation, capital mobilisation, process innovation and cost reduction) in the development of the photovoltaic (PV) industry of Germany, China, and South Korea. The development of these industries is examined in detail on the basis of empirical evidence in the form of archival and interview based data. Two main conclusions are reached. Firstly, domestic market creation is not a generally necessary condition for the development of a local PV industry at a national level. China's PV industry grew fast without a sufficient domestic market unlike in Germany. However, domestic market creation is important, because the domestic PV industry, national support policy and the domestic market are interrelated. Secondly, capital mobilisation is a core function in establishing the PV industry. In the 2000s, Korea failed to establish its local PV industry despite an institutional advantage in creating domestic markets, mainly due to the fact that it had an institutional disadvantage in mobilising capital. However, Germany and China succeeded in mobilising capital in their PV sectors, governments playing a decisive role in facilitating the raising of funds in both cases. This research contributes to a better understanding of the nature of industrial dynamics in the context of institutional configurations of a national political economy, broadening the usage of "institutional advantage" by applying this concept to comparative analysis on the national PV trajectories. Moreover, from the perspective of the social system, four necessary functions for the PV industry have been proposed and investigated.

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Thomas, Drew B. „The industry of evangelism : printing for the Reformation in Martin Luther's Wittenberg“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14589.

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When Martin Luther supposedly nailed his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517 to the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, the small town had only a single printing press. By the end of the century, Wittenberg had published more books than any other city in the Holy Roman Empire. Of the leading print centres in early modern Europe, Wittenberg was the only one that was not a major centre of trade, politics, or culture. This thesis examines the rise of the Wittenberg printing industry and analyses how it overtook the Empire's leading print centres. Luther's controversy—and the publications it produced—attracted printers to Wittenberg who would publish tract after tract. In only a few years, Luther became the most published author since the invention of the printing press. This thesis investigates the workshops of the four leading printers in Wittenberg during Luther's lifetime: Nickel Schirlentz, Josef Klug, Hans Lufft, and Georg Rhau. Together, these printers conquered the German print world. They were helped with the assistance of the famous Renaissance artist, Lucas Cranach the Elder, who lived in Wittenberg as court painter to the Elector of Saxony. His woodcut title page borders decorated the covers of Luther's books and were copied throughout the Empire. Capitalising off the demand for Wittenberg books, many printers falsely printed that their books were from Wittenberg. Such fraud played a major role in the Reformation book trade, as printers in every major print centre made counterfeits of Wittenberg books. However, Reformation pamphlets were not the sole reason for Wittenberg's success. Such items played only a marginal role in the local industry. It was the great Luther Bibles, spurred by Luther's emphasis on Bible reading, that allowed Wittenberg's printers to overcome the odds and become the largest print centre in early modern Germany.

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Breidenbach, Marc. „Real estate securitisation : asset backed security financing for the property industry ; an International comparison applied to the case of Germany /“. Köln : Müller, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013217492&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Fischer, Felix Friedrich. „The regulation of Section 17 (2a) of the German Energy Economy Act against the background of current developments of the German and European offshore wind industry“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5750.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the introduction of Section 17 of the EnWG (German Energy Economy Act), the legislator created a new situation for the complex relationships in the German offshore wind industry. The transmission system operators are now obliged not only to provide the connection for offshore wind farms, but also to reimburse the developers of such plants for the costs they incurred in the course of planning the cable connection between the wind farm and the onshore grid. Forecasts had predicted that by 2007 numerous offshore wind farms would be operational. But no development company in the entire sector had moved beyond the planning phase. However, the rapid development of the offshore wind industry is important in order to achieve the German goal to generate 20% of all energy from renewable energy sources by 2020 and thus contribute to the prevention of grave climate changes. It is also important for the domestic labour market and the initiation of further exports of energy technologies. Early domestic growth will eventually payoff as offshore wind energy is implemented by more countries, which will then rely on the experience of German companies. Under these circumstances, Section 17 (2a) S.3 of the EnWG induces a positive impulse for offshore development. Under the financial constraints that dampened the expectations of developers of offshore wind farms, the suggested reimbursement will offer welcome relief. However a broad interpretation of Section 17 (2a) S.3 of the EnWG must be applied in order to reach the goal of actually enhancing offshore development, as is the legislator's intent. Such a broad interpretation of the reimbursement claim will lead to rapid implementation of the new law, as this will be in the interest of the developers and transmission system operators. The developers will have a large interest in beginning with the actual construction of the wind farm, and the transmission system operators will need to proceed with the planning of the cable connection. Even though improvements remain necessary the introduction of Section 17 (2a) S.3 EnWG can be considered a success.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die inwerkingstelling van afdeling 17 van die EnGW (Duitse Energie Ekonomie Wet), het die regering 'n nuwe situasie geskep vir die komplekse verhouding in die Duitse see-gebonde wind-energie industrie. Die transmissie stelsel operateurs word nou verplig om nie net die verbinding met die wind-plaas te verskaf nie, maar moet ook die ontwikkelaar van die aanleg vergoed vir enige kostes wat hulle aangegaan het met die beplanning van die verbinding tussen die windplaas en die elektrisiteits-netwerk. Vooruitskattings het voorspel dat verskeie see-gebonde windplase operasioneel sou wees teen 2007. Geen ontwikkelingsmaatskappy het egter al tot dusver verder as die beplanningstadium gevorder nie. Desnieteenstaande, die spoedige ontwikkeling van die see-gebonde wind industrie is onontbeerlik in die Duitse mikpunt om 20% van energiebehoeftes op te wek vanuit hernubare bronne teen 2020 en om dus klimaatsverandering teen te werk. Dit is ook belangrik vir werkskepping in Duitsland en vir die uitvoer van energie tegnologie. Spoedige groei in die industrie sal uiteindelik dividende lewer soos seegebonde wind-energie deur ander lande ontwikkel word en gevolglik op Duitse ervaring moet staatmaak. Onder hierdie omstandighede het afdeling 17 (2a) 5.3 van die EnGW 'n positiewe effek op seegebonde ontwikkeling. As gevolg van die dempende effek wat finansiele beperkinge het op die verwagtinge van ontwikkelaars sal die terugbetalings welkome verligting bied. Dit is egter nodig om 'n bree interpretasie van afdeling 17 (2a) 5.3 van die EnGW te gebruik om die mikpunt van werklike bevordering van seegebonde ontwikkeling te bewerkstellig soos die wetgewer beoog. So 'n bree interpretasie sal lei tot spoedige implimentasie van die nuwe wet omdat dit in die belang van ontwikkelaars en transmissie-netwerk eienaars sal wees. Die ontwikkelaars sal baat daarby om spoedig met ontwikkeling te begin, terwyl die netwerk operateurs vordering sal moet maak met die beplanning van die kabel-verbinding. Ten spyte daarvan dat verdere verbeteringe nodig is kan die inwerkingstelling van afdeling 17 (2a) 5.3 van die EnGW as 'n sukses gereken word.

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Reichstein-Scholz, Harriet. „Balancing integration and responsiveness in case of the sales function within the FMCG industry : a study of foreign subsidiaries in Germany“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/balancing-integration-and-responsiveness-in-case-of-the-sales-function-within-the-fmcg-industry-a-study-of-foreign-subsidiaries-in-germany(56141d1a-47b3-4617-8684-ab042b9373f5).html.

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Significant structural changes in the retail sector, due to retailer consolidation within and across countries as well as retailer internationalisation, lead to significant changes of the sales function within the FMCG industry. Whilst formally sales functions acted traditionally predominantly locally, manufacturers are recently pressured to act more integrated, i.e. centrally, regarding its sales function. From an IB perspective this study strives to investigate into the result of the competing forces for integration and responsiveness at the manufacturers side in the special context of Germany, being a pivotal market for this industry. Identifying the potential division of strategic sales activities between subsidiary and HQ, the study investigates into how such division impacts on the subsidiary market performance. Using the I/R framework as a starting point, network theory and the concept of subsidiary importance are utilized to understand the interrelationships a subsidiary is embedded in and its potential strategic importance to the wider MNE. The framework connects the antecedents of the division of strategic sales activities between HQ and subsidiary, to subsidiary market performance. The research follows a mixed-method approach using contextualising interviews and a quantitative survey. The data analysis has been conducted with PLS SEM reflecting both the more explorative character of the study and the relatively small sample size. Empirical evidence showed that most strategic sales decisions are still made at subsidiary level, pointing at a low level of division between HQ and subsidiary. The results show that strong customer relationships as well as the positive impact of a formalised sales strategy, which ideally follows a global strategic framework, seem to be the main contributors to subsidiary market performance. Unexpectedly, subsidiary importance, the visibility and relevance of sales capabilities to other subsidiaries, fails to be a driver for the subsidiary strategic role within the MNE, mainly due to the functional (sales competencies stay rather local) and country (sheer importance of the German market) context of the study. The key contributions of this study are related to the area of IB and the sales literature. This study adds to the extant IB literature from a downstream value chain perspective supporting existing findings regarding the network theory and subsidiary market performance. The irrelevance of the concept of subsidiary importance highlights the importance of the empirical context in IB research. Finally, the study sheds light on the sales function from a strategic perspective in the IB context and thus adds to the sparse literature regarding the sales strategy as well as it starts bridging both fields.

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Troestler, Andrea, und Hsin Ping Lee. „The adaptation and standardization on websites of international companies : Analysis and comparison from websites of United States, Germany and Taiwan“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9801.

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To find an appropriate balance between centralization and localization is a key factor for a successful international company. From a company perspective, this thesis tries to figure out if the different aspects such as organizational culture, national culture and industry sector determine the standardization or adaptation of companies' websites and which website features are affected. The internationalization typology of Barlett and Ghoshal has been used to classify 12 companies from 3 industry sector according to their international strategy. Then their websites in United States, Germany and Taiwan will be analysed to compare if the internationalization types among their websites correspond to the expected. The results show that the three aspects impact the appearence of their websites.

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Zhang, Christina Yan. „The use of massively multiplayer online games to augment early-stage design process in construction“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9924.

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Traditional 2-D contour models, Physical Models, Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAD), Virtual Reality models, Google SketchUp, and Building Information Modelling (BIM) have all greatly enhanced the design process by enabling designers to visualise buildings and the space within them prior to their construction. A recent development is Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG) such as Second Life (SL). These offer users the opportunity to interact with other participants in real time, and so offer an excellent opportunity to experience the environment, layout and form of virtual buildings. However, the effectiveness of such applications to some extent depends upon how realistic the interactions of those using virtual spaces are in relation to interactions within the real world. This research examines the potential of this technology for enhancing and informing the early stage building design process. Initially, the tools currently used by architects at early stages of the RIBA Plan of Work were evaluated through interviewing architects. Then, the advantages of using MMOG over current tools at early-stage design were evaluated through interviews in SL. A virtual model was developed to examine how realistic the visualisation and interaction between end-users in an MMOG was. This was used to propose and validate guidance to incorporating MMOG into the early stages of the RIBA Plan of Work. It revealed that the virtual model created, the validated guidance and a successful example combining 2D sketches, Google SketchUp and MMOG at early-stage design can be used to guide architects to manage the complex decision making process in a simple, easy, cost-effective way, while effectively engaging both professional and non-professional stakeholders.

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Hartmann, Eva. „Successful introduction of B2B electronic marketplace projects an inter organizational relationship perspective with an empirical analysis of the chemical industry in Germany /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964455889.

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Zhang, Jianrong [Verfasser]. „The Importance of Vocational Education and Training to Quality in the Building Construction Industry : A Comparison between China and Germany / Jianrong Zhang“. Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1170541062/34.

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McMurtry, James C. III. „Integration of the European arms industry: an analysis of key variables and processes in France, Britain, and the Federal Republic of Germany“. Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30701.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
This thesis analyzes key variables and processes in France, the United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany in an attempt to determine the factors unique to each nation that tend to inhibit or promote movement toward integration of the European arms industries. For the purposes of this study it is assumed that defense production costs will be constantly increasing, while a variety of other global factors continue to produce a smaller arms market and increased competition among suppliers. With these factors known, the political, military, and economic roles of national arms industries are isolated as potential indicators of future integration in Europe and the significance of a joint venture involving any of these nations may be judged with greater confidence.

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Gunkel, Marjaana Wolff Birgitta. „Country-compatible incentive design : a comparision of employees' performance reward preferences in Germany and the USA /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/509009921.pdf.

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Zatloukalová, Hana. „Energetická politika Německa a její vliv na průmysl“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193570.

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The Master's thesis deals with the question of Germany's energy policy and its impact on industry. The main objective is to assess the current situation of energy policy in Germany through verbal analysis and analysis of risks and challenges that Germany is facing today. Energy policy is assessed on the basis of a move away from nuclear energy and the transition to renewables. A partial objective is to assess the potential consequences of the energy transformation and their impact on Germany's industry, competitiveness, labor market and climate goals. The work also deals with the evaluation of the energy mix in Germany and a summary of events leading up to the actual change in the direction of energy policy.

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Nickel, Thomas, und Jan Schliebener. „Assessing supply chain resilience within the automotive industry in the event of a pandemic : A multiple case study of the COVID-19 disruption in the Scandinavian and German automotive industry“. Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53154.

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Background: The automotive industry experiences significant challenges such as electric mobility, autonomous cars, smart factories, and ridesharing. Above that, the COVID-19 pandemic did not only affect the global health care system but also caused a disruption that challenged the automotive manufacturing sector and its supply chains. Purpose: The automotive industry was investigated to assess the supply chain resilience during the COVID-19 disruption. Therefore, the supply chain performance along the disruption stages was determined. Also, the usage and value of supply chain resilience measures were explored to characterise the current state of supply chain resilience in the industry. Method: A multiple case study and purposeful sampling were used to gather empirical data. Semi-structured interviews with 21 automotive experts from the Scandinavian and German automotive industry were conducted. A content analysis approach was applied to analyse the primary data. The investigation was supported by a systematic literature review prior to the study and additional company reports as secondary data. Conclusion: The level of supply chain resilience within the automotive industry can be assessed as high. A quick recovery and a corresponding rebound of the production volume can be identified, even though the findings indicate that the COVID-19 disruption also caused a bullwhip effect. To compensate for this effect, agility measures, increased collaboration and information sharing, and risk management were used. Other supply chain resilience measures like technological innovations or sustainability were only used to a limited extent.

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Roussel, Yann. „Adjusting VMI settings for overlapping successive models, with stock-dependent demand and cannibalization: A case study in consumer electronics retailing in Germany“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102745.

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This thesis develops a method to optimize the inventory-related performance of a VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) in retailing environments, for two successive products with overlapping lifecycles, under stock-dependent demand. The study refers to existing research in different fields, such as inventory policies and VMIs, retailing of substitutable products, stock-dependent demands and product lifecycle management. However, no study encompassing all these research streams could be found, and thus an abductive approach is developed, aiming at building new theory. The thesis draws upon a case study at Sony Germany, which has started an ambitious VMI initiative with the largest retailer of consumer electronics products in Germany. First, stock and sales data available, along with insights collected among employees, is used to understand the key profit-drivers when lifecycles of the two products overlap, and a set of indicators is propounded to measure them. The pattern of sales in relation to inventories of the two products is studied, and results in the validation of the stock-dependent demand assumption, with demand following a Poisson distribution of parameter λ [on-hand stock]. Demand for the new product is also found to be negatively affected by stock levels of the old product, in an exponential way. Second, a model is built and a scenario- based simulation embedding the patterns previously established is performed to evaluate different strategies to steer the stock levels in the VMI. Scenarios are evaluated against the proposed set of indicators, but no scenario is found to over perform consistently the others. Nevertheless interesting patterns emerge and it is possible to relate the performance observed to specificities of scenarios and product contexts. Using the patterns identified, a set of guidelines is suggested, along with proposals for practical implementation.

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Dissertationen zum Thema „AEC industry in Germany“

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