Dissertationen zum Thema „Adsorption et séparation de CO2“
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Venet, Saphir. „Stockage du CO2 et séparation CO2/CH4 par des matériaux de silice à porosité et fonctionnalité contrôlées : étude expérimentale et modélisation de dynamique moléculaire“. Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to evaluate the performance of silica-based materials and to rationalize their synthesis according to their desired adsorption properties (capacity and/or selectivity) by combining experimental approaches and the management of the molecular animal. These materials are ideally suited for CO2 adsorption capacity but also CO2/ CH4 selectivity. The different stages of this work were:- the synthesis and functionalization of the silica materials,- their textural and chemical characterization,- the determination of CO2 adsorption capacities, of their CO2/ CH4 selectivity.- the characterizations by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques of tests to try to locate the adsorption of CO2 and to measure its mobility,- microscopic identification by the factor of physic-Factors influence the preferential adsorption of CO2 and its diffusivity in the role of hydrophilic / hydrophobic character in silica by functional.These objectives required the preparation of high specific surface materials through a simple sol-gel process. These materials have been modified in order to obtain a degree of functionalization with -CH3 groups sufficient to modify the hydrophilic nature of the material while maintaining a sufficient specific surface area. The influence of pore size was also probed.The adsorption capacities of the gases under pressure were carried out for pure gases but also on CO2/ CH4 mixtures in different proportions. The CH4/ CO2 selectivity, often estimated from the pure body isotherms and / or the IAST method, was in this case determined from the direct measurement of the isotherms of the gas mixtures. It has become apparent that water plays a crucial role in adsorption capacity and selectivity. This parameter is one of those studied through molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of the introduction of hydrophobic groups has also been explored.The results obtained by molecular dynamics are on the whole in good agreement with the experimental data. These two parallel experience / theory approaches have highlighted the selectivity of one of the materials for applications where the gaseous effluent is little loaded with CO2
Orsikowsky, Sánchez Alejandro. „Propriétés d'adsorption de différents substrats microporeux à la séparation de gaz modélisation, caractérisation et méthodologie de sélection“. Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this PhD (Cifre) is to describe and model the adsorption of several gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen) on a given adsorbent and to extrapolate the results to the macroscopic behavior of their mixture in an adsorption industrial process in order to better understand the phenomena linking the adsorbent structure with the adsorption industrial processes performance. Since the study requires the description of the adsorption mechanisms, it was decided to start with the best known and most widespread family of adsorbents in the industry because of its low cost, its microporous nature and its chemical and thermal stability: the zeolites.From the bibliographic review, five zeolites with different structural properties (cations contained inside their structure, pore morphology, pore size and Si / Al ratio) were selected under two shapes (powder and beads) to obtain the essential information for determining the key parameters of the adsorption models. In a first step, gas porosimetry with argon at 87 K as the probe molecule, enabled to get access to the structural properties of the different adsorbents (pore volume, pore size distribution and BET surface). A method based on the coupling of gas porosimetry with CO2 at 273 K and argon at 87 K has been proposed for assessing the impact of adsorbent shaping on CO2 adsorption.In a second step, the adsorption equilibria of pure compounds were measured over a very wide range of pressures (from 10-5 to 80 bar) and temperatures (from 253 K to 363 K) by combining high resolution low pressure manometry and high pressure gravimetry. These experimental methods coupled with the measurement of the differential heat of adsorption and the mixture adsorption equilibria as well as with some microscopic studies available in the literature, enabled to identify and to analyze the various adsorption mechanisms. Then, the performance of the macroscopic adsorption models the most widely used in the simulation of adsorption-based gas separation processes - such as those of Toth, Sips and bi-Langmuir - were analyzed over all the experimental data and the identified adsorption mechanisms. Since these models are not representative of the observed physicochemical phenomena, a new methodology for the modeling of pure gases and mixtures adsorption based on representative models of adsorption mechanisms is proposed. This new methodology makes the prediction of gas mixture adsorption possible from only two pure gas adsorption isotherms measured at the extremes of the temperature range of interest.Finally, the last part of the study focuses on the integration of the proposed models in a dynamic adsorption processes simulation software and on their validation with breakthrough curves tests. To this end, a new adsorption column has been designed and integrated into an existing pilot. These dynamic adsorption tests focus on CO2 / N2 separation only and were carried out on two beads of zeolites. Since the exothermicity of CO2 adsorption is very significant, the thermal transfer parameter between the gas and the column wall has been identified as the limiting parameter of the Mass Transfer Zone (MTZ). The optimized heat transfer parameter has been confronted with different correlations in order to predict it. Thus, the dynamic model reproduces very satisfactorily the experimental results
Garcia, Edder. „CO2 adsorption from synthesis gas mixtures : understanding selectivity and capacity of new adsorbents“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe design of new environmentally friendly and efficient adsorbents for CO2 separation requires a quantitative link between the adsorbent properties and adsorption capabilities. In this work we develop a methodology, which explicitly takes into account the adsorbent properties, such as the pore diameter, density, pore shape and chemical composition. The objective is to establish quantitative correlations between the above-mentioned parameters and the forces that govern physisorption in porous media, i.e. van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions. Thus, the optimal properties of the adsorbent for CO2 separation are identified. In parallel to these theoretical studies, a series of potentially interesting adsorbents for CO2 separation by PSA were tested experimentally. A systematic study of the influence of the metal center on the separations of CO2/CH4 and CO2/CH4/CO mixtures was carried out on MOFs presenting coordinatively unsaturated sites. In the case of zeolites, the effect of the framework composition (Si/Al ratio) on the separation properties was studied. The cyclic capacities and selectivities were determined by breakthrough experiments. Materials presenting a good compromise between selectivity and working capacity under typical PSA conditions were identified. Finally, a comparison between the prediction of the adsorption model and the breakthrough experiments is carried out
Madariaga, Calles Luis Fernando. „Particules imprégnées : mise en œuvre et application aux procédés de séparation de mélanges gazeux en lit fixe“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL036N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is about an original object: porous particles impregnated with a non volatile liquid. The aim of this work is to show the potential of such a system for applications in the area of gas treatment on fixed beds. The first part of our work is dedicated to the impregnation process and the characterization of such particles by an innovative technique based on powder rheology. This technique is very sensitive to changes on the surface of the particles and helps to understand the impregnation process. Three stages of impregnation are proposed: adsorption of the polymer, filling of the pores and coating of the outer surface. The second part is focused on a thermodynamic study of the properties of some gas-absorbent systems in order to identify the systems for which the retention capacity would be important. The absorbents are compared to activated carbon. A system N2-CO2 with a polymer amine was selected to impregnate the particles and carry out the experimental tests. A model of the process is presented in order to simulate and anticipate the performance of the particles for different operating conditions. The goal of this simulation is to identify the optimal conditions for the absorption-desorption cycles in which the values of recuperation and concentration of CO2 would be maximal
Chabanon, Élodie. „Contacteurs à membranes composites et contacteurs microporeux pour procédés gaz-liquide intensifiés de captage du CO2 en post-combustion : expérimentation et modélisation“. Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe decrease of the CO2 anthropogenic emissions is one of the main aims of the 21st century. Different processes are developed in order to capture CO2, but gas-liquid absorption in packed columns is considered as the reference postcombustion technology. Membrane contactors, which could potentially decrease by a factor 2 to 10 the size of the absorption units due to an increased interfacial area (1000 to 5000 m2. M-3 ), a so-called intensification effect, have been investigated in this study. Two kind of hollow fibers are studied: microporous and composite membranes (i. E. A dense polymeric skin coated on a porous support). In a first part, a series of experiments is reported to evaluate the influence of some geometric and operating parameters on the process capture performances and on the mass transfer characteristics. Results obtained on short time scale experiments are in agreement to the literature results. Even though a dense skin layer on a porous support generates an additional resistance to the mass transfer, a dedicated study carried out on long time scale (several hundreds hours) show for the first time that mass transfer performances of composite fibers can be similar to microporous unwetted membranes. Moreover, the wetting resistance of the composite fibers compared to microporous hollow fibers (PP and PTFE) is clearly demonstrated. In a second part, a comparative study of different mathematical models with increasing complexity is carried out. One parameter is used to fit the experimental results: the membrane mass transfer coefficient (km). Km values obtained through curve fits are in the range of data reported in the literature (10-2 to 10-5 m. S-1). However, the assumption of a km effective value which would depend of the operating conditions is addressed and discussed. This approach is different from the studies reported in the literature which generally postulates a single value for a given membrane material. Under these conditions, the composite membrane interest, which shows a constant and probably predictable value of the membrane mass transfer coefficient due to their wetting resistance, seems to be promising to intensify the gas-liquid absorption process in CO2 postcombustion capture
Le, Guillouzer Clement. „Etude spectroscopique de membranes à matrice mixte polymère/MOF pour la séparation CO2/N2“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC242/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the frame of the abatement of greenhouse gases, one of the possible approaches concern the use of membranes to separate CO2 from gas mixtures. During this PhD work, CO2 / N2 separation in post-combustion conditions has been studied for Mixed Matrix Membranes constituted by porous organometallic materials, MOFs, inserted into polymers. More specifically, this work aims at the characterization of these membranes using vibrational spectroscopies (IR and Raman). Different membranes, purely polymeric or Mixed Matrix Membranes, based on commercial polymers such as Matrimid or PEBAX as well as new polymers such as PIM-1 or 6FDA-DAM have been studied. Raman spectroscopy was first used to control the homogeneity of the membranes and the good dispersion of the MOF within the polymer. The interactions between the polymer and the MOF were also studied using IR in situ and Raman spectroscopies, notably for composites allowing maximizing the interactions between the two components. The second part of the work focused on the characterization of these membranes under operating post-combustion conditions, simultaneously with the measurement of their separation performance. For this purpose, a specifically designed measurement system has been developed in order to be able to test the membranes using IR operando. This methodology allows the direct comparison of adsorption and separation data. By the development of a new approach coupling kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of adsorption and permeation, experimental data were modelled to determine adsorption and diffusion parameters of the various membranes
Magisson, Aymeric. „Synthèse de nanοzeοlithes à petits pοres sélectifs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this PhD thesis is the development of small-pore nanosized zeolitestargeting a high adsorption selectivity towards CO2. The first two chapters present the currentstate of the art on various features and properties of zeolites, their synthesis routes, andapplications. The syntheses procedures carried out in this work and the characterisationtechniques used are presented. The third chapter describes the low partial pressure adsorptionbehaviour of CO2 in the porous network of nanometric Chabazite (CHA) synthesised in thepresence of calcium and barium cations used as structure-directing agents. The fourth chapterdetails the crystallisation of pure phases and intergrown chabazite (CHA)/Phillipsite (PHI)zeolite samples. The performance of the obtained zeolites is evaluated in adsorption of carbondioxide and nitrogen. Finally, the fifth chapter presents the development of an autonomoussynthesis procedure for nanosized zeolites and details the steps involved in optimising itsoperating conditions. This synthesis carried out by robot stands at the interface between largescalesynthesis and screening experimentation, providing the means to easily reproducechallenging syntheses
Boucif, Noureddine. „Modélisation et simulation de contacteurs membranaires pour les procédés d'absorption de gaz acides par solvant chimique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0280/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe overarching objective of this thesis is the research of mathematical models which are better to describe the process of gas-liquid absorption in a membrane contactor with porous or dense hollow fibers. The geometric configuration of these contactors, combined with their low energy consumption and their compactness, allows them to gradually replace conventional processes such as packing towers and absorption columns. Our goal is to study the performance of these innovative processes by developing more rigorous mathematical models. In this scope, we studied several cases where the hydrodynamics of fluid flow, the nature of the solute or solvent have been changed. First, only the hydrodynamics of the fibre side compartment has been taken into account for two types of an absorption process with and without chemical reaction. Subsequently, the hydrodynamics of fluid flow in both the fiber side as shell side were taken into consideration. Models have been developed for classical carbon dioxide absorption in monoéthanolamine solutions (liquid absorption of reference) where the flow fluid in the shell were is assumed to obey a plug-flow in a first case, described by the surface free model known as "Happel model" in a second case, and finally characterized by the momentum Navier-Stokes equations in a third case. The comparison of the numerically simulated results collected from the three models showed that those of the third case matched very closely with the laboratory experimental results
Coupan, Romuald. „Clathrates d’Hydroquinone : aspects fondamentaux et appliqués pour la séparation du CO2 d’un mélange CO2/CH4“. Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3033/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrganic clathrate compounds, particularly those formed between hydroquinone (HQ) and gases, are supramolecular entities recently highlighted as promising alternatives for applications such as gas storage and separation processes. This study deals with an evaluation of the HQ clathrates to separate CO2 from CO2/CH4 gas mixtures through direct gas-solid reaction. On the fundamental point of view, new insights into several properties of the CO2-, CO2/CH4-, and CH4-HQ clathrates were studied: spectroscopic signatures, crystal structures, morphologies, gas storage capacities, guest release temperatures and structural transition temperatures. This work also offers new elements of understanding HQ clathrate formation and dissociation mechanisms. It is shown that, for capturing CO2 the most selectively and efficiently, the enclathration reaction has to be done with the “guest-free intermediate” derived from the CO2−HQ clathrates. On a practical point of view, the equilibrium curves, the dissociation enthalpies, and the occupancies at the equilibrium clathrate forming conditions, were determined for the CO2- and CH4-HQ clathrates in an extended range of temperature from about 288 to 354 K. Moreover, the kinetics of the gas-solid enclathration reaction were studied experimentally and modelled. In this way, HQ-based composite materials were developed and allows to reversibly capture and store gases, and to significantly improve the enclathration kinetics. The hydroquinone clathrate based gas separation (HCBGS) process was also investigated. The influence of the process operating parameters (i.e. reaction time, pressure, temperature and feed gas composition) on the CO2 capture kinetics, the selectivity toward CO2, and the storage capacity were assessed through experiments performed at pilot scale
Peralta, David. „Evaluation des Metal-Organic Frameworks en adsorption et séparation des hydrocarbures“. Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730462.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChlendi, Mohamed. „Séparation de gaz par adsorption modulée en pression“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL048N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeliere, Ludovic. „Adsorption et séparation des gaz rares sur des adsorbants dopés à l’argent“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10212/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) implements means for detecting nuclear tests in an International Monitoring System (IMS). The Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) has developed in the mid-90s, the SPALAX system (Système de Prélèvement d’Air en Ligne avec l’Analyse des radioXénons). Xenon analysis, including radioactive isotopes from the fission reaction during the explosion, requires the development of highly efficient process for xenon concentration. In this work, the adsorption and diffusion phenomena of noble gases are studied in silver exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite. The "experience / Monte Carlo simulation" coupling is used to determine the essential thermodynamic data on the adsorption of noble gases and to characterize the adsorption sites. The presence of a strong adsorption site, identified as silver nanoparticles and intervening at low concentration of noble gases (including xenon and radon) in some silver exchanged zeolites, achieves adsorption and selectivity performance to date unrivaled. These results allow considering their use in many critical applications in the field of capture and separation of rare gases: rare gas industrial production, reprocessing of spent fuel from gas, radon in air pollution control
Soubeyrand, Estelle. „Adsorption et séparation de gaz en mode dynamique sur des matériaux hybrides“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4802/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe elimination of carbon dioxide has become a worldwide challenge to minimize its impact on global warming. Capture using physical adsorption is viable as long as the right adsorbent is found. CO2 capture from flue gases poses a number of problems in terms of low CO2 concentration (below 20%), low total pressure, and the eventual presence of water. This study focuses on the impact of water vapour during CO2 adsorption on different porous materials. An experimental device has been developed to assess the impact of water vapour during CO2 adsorption: both the heats of adsorption and the breakthrough curves were obtained. The uptakes of CO2 at 0.2 bar have been studied in porous materials after having been pre-equilibrated under different relative humidity's (3 and 40%). The enthalpies allow a better understanding of the phenomena involved. Several MOFs, like HKUST-1(Cu), UiO-66(Zr), MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Cr), MIL-127(Fe) have been compared to a zeolite NaX and an activated carbon Takeda-5A.Three different behaviours are shown: - Where water has a negative impact on CO2 adsorption. This can be due to poisoning or the poor stability of the materials like HKUST-1. - Where water seems to have little effect on CO2 adsorption like case of UiO66. - Where water has a positive effect on CO2 uptake. Slight improvement for MIL-101(Cr) and remarkable enhancement of CO2 uptake through pre-adsorption of water vapor has been highlighted here in two cases: the mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) and the bifunctional MIL-127(Fe).This work is part of the European project FP7 Macademia "MOFs as Adsorbents and Catalysts: Discovery and Engineering of Materials for Industrial Applications"
Swesi, Yousef Salem. „Proposition et évaluation de procédés de séparation hydrogène - hydrocarbures“. Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10243.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMauviel, Guillain. „Transport multi-composants dans les polymères : séparation hydrocarbures / hydrogène par membrane à sélectivité inverse“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_MAUVIEL_G.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrocarbon / hydrogen separation by reverse selectivity membranes is investigated. The first goal is to develop materials showing an increased selectivity. Silicone membranes loaded with inorganic fillers have been prepared, but the expected enhancement is not observed. The second goal is to model the multi- component transport through rubbers. Indeed the permeability model is not able to predict correctly permeation when a vapour is present. Thus many phenomena have to be considered: diffusional interdependancy, sorption synergy, membrane swelling and drag effect. The dependence of diffusivities with the local composition is modelled according to free-volume theory. The model resolution allows to predict the permeation flow-rates of mixed species from their pure sorption and diffusion data. For the systems under consideration, the diffusional interdependancy is shown to be preponderant. Besides, sorption synergy importance is pointed out, whereas it is most often neglected
Ricaurte, Fernandez Marvin José. „Séparation du co2 d’un mélange co2-ch4 par cristallisation d’hydrates de gaz : influence d’additifs et effet des conditions opératoires“. Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe separation of CO2 from a gas mixture by crystallization of gas hydrates is a process that could eventually provide an attractive alternative to the conventional techniques used for CO2 capture. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential of this "hydrate" process to separate CO2 from a CO2-CH4 gas mixture, rich in CO2. We have studied in particular the selectivity of the separation toward CO2 and the hydrate crystallization kinetics. The effects of thermodynamic and kinetic additives (and some additive combinations) on these two parameters for different operating conditions (pressure, temperature, concentrations) were evaluated. Hydrate formation and dissociation experiments were performed in "batch mode” in a high pressure reactor, and with an experimental pilot rig designed and built entirely during this thesis. A semi-empirical model was also developed to estimate the water to hydrate conversion and the composition of the different phases (hydrates, liquid and vapor) at equilibrium. The results show that the combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) used as a kinetic promoter, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) used as a thermodynamic promoter, provides interesting results in terms of both the amount of hydrates formed and the hydrate formation kinetics. The selectivity of the separation toward CO2 remains too low (an average of four CO2 molecules trapped in the hydrate structure for one of CH4) to consider using this "hydrate" process on a larger scale to separate CO2 from such a gas mixture
Rojas, Devia Carolina. „Biogaz en vue de son utilisation en production d'énergie : séparation des siloxanes et du sulfure d'hydrogène“. Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824324.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouchafaa, Wassila. „Mesure et modélisation des conditions de dissociation d'hydrates de gaz stabilisés en vue de l'application au captage du CO2“. Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/66/71/15/PDF/final_thesis_phD.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe capture and the detention of the CO2, stemming from heatings, vehicles, incineration units and various types of combustion or fermentation became a world stake. The capture of this gas by using hydrates absorption is a promising alternative. The aim of this work is to study the stability of mixed hydrates systems containing CO2 and another gas (N2, CH4 and H2) with pure water, or with an additive allowing to decrease the operating pressures: the tetrabutylamonium bromide (TBAB), in a perspective of gas separation. The experimental technique that we have used is the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It allowed us to measure the dissociation temperatures and enthalpies for various hydrate with pure water: N2, CH4, N2 + CO2, CH4+CO2, H2+CO2; but also semi-clathrates systems: CO2+CH4 and CO2+N2 with different mass percentages of TBAB (10, 20, 30 and 40). The last part of this thesis concerns the modelling thermodynamics of semi-clathrate systems, where we developed the particular case of the system: CH4+TBAB
Bouchafaa, Wassila. „Mesure et modélisation des conditions de dissociation d'hydrates de gaz stabilisés en vue de l'application au captage du CO2“. Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaoli, Hervé. „Étude de la séparation des paraffines en C10-C14 par adsorption sur zéolithe 5A“. Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10177.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThach, Ut Dong. „Echanges d’anions sur ionosilices : de l'élaboration des matériaux aux études physicochimiques et leurs applications en séparation et catalyse“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT239/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is the development of new anion exchangers based on ionosilica materials. Various materials containing ammonium groups were synthesized by template directed hydrolysis-polycondensation reactions starting from silylated ammonium precursors. Solids displaying different textures, architectures and morphologies were obtained via the modifications of reaction parameters, such as the nature of the used surfactant. Besides the standard structural and textural characterizations (N2 adsorption, XRD, TEM / SEM), we focused on a more detailed physico-chemical analysis of these original and innovative materials. Ionosilicas show an unusually high hydrophilicity compared to classical mesoporous silica or organosilicas of the PMO-type (Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica). Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of ionosilicas can be finely tuned either by the use of various ammonium precursors or the incorporation via exchange of hydrophobic anions. Finally, we used these new anion exchangers for the removal of various anionic species in aqueous media. Our studies show that ionosilicas are highly efficient anion exchanger displaying high capacity for the adsorption of Cr (VI) (up to 2.5 mmol g-1). These materials exhibit also high capacity of iodide combined with high radiolytic stability for radionuclides uptake. Similar results were obtained for organic anionic pollutants, e.g. drugs (diclofénac, sulindac and p-aminosalicylate) and dyes (methyl orange). Besides the high potential of these materials in separation processes, this study gives interesting insights in the materials morphology through the nearly complete accessibility of the cationic sites. All these features make ionosilicas materials of choice for solid-liquid separation processes in water treatment, depollution of industrial wastewater, the nuclear fuel cycle or catalytic support
Gérard, Doriane. „Séparation par voie enzymatique d'énantiomères de profènes : optimisation du biocatalyseur et mise en oeuvre en dioxyde de carbone supercritique“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17770/1/Thesis_Gerard_2.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaaiu, Ahmed. „Approche hamiltonienne pour la modélisation, l'estimation et la commande d'un procédé de séparation“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work is to develop a geometrical approach for modelling the mass transfer phenomena in a separation process. This approach is based on the Hamiltonian modelling of physical systems, consequently on the expression of energy in the system and the energy flux between the various phenomena appearing within such a system (dissipation, accumulation, conversion). We proposed a choice of system variables in order to put out a compositional model (network model) of the systems of mass transfer in the isothermal and non isothermal cases. We highlighted a geometrical structure, Stokes-Dirac structure, which relates canonically the different energetic phenomena in the system. In order to simulate the dynamics of the models we also present an original method for the spatial discretization of the Stokes-Dirac structure and also for the different components of the model
Déroche, Irena. „Adsorption et diffusion de CO2 et CH4 dans les matériaux zéolithiques : simulations quantique et classique comparées à l'expérience“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11053.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe adsorption and diffusion properties of the main greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) within the zeolites SAPO STA-7 and the Y Faujasite have been investigated using the classical simulation techniques combined with the experimental tools of Microcalorimetry/Volumetry and Quasi Elastic Neutron Scattering. In a first step, the structural properties of the SAPO STA-7 zeolite have been studied in order to build a reliable model of the material. The interaction between the gaseous molecules and the adsorption active sites have been described using the quantum simulation techniques. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo simulation within the Grand Canonical ensemble allowed us to to extract directly such informations as the adsorption isotherms as well as the differential enthalpies and both have been compared with the experimentally available results. A good agreement between simulated and experimentally measured data allowed us to explain the different microscopic mechanism of adsorption of both of the investigated gases within the studied zeolitic materials. Finally, using the Molecuar Dynamics technique, we could explore the dynamical properties of the investigated systems and this way derive the values of the diffusion coefficients as well as the activation energies, values directly comparable with outcomes obtained by experimental technique Quasi Elastique Neutron Scattering
Ercicek, Fatma. „Approche multi-échelle pour l’étude de la cristallisation et de la séparation chirale par procédés CO2 supercritique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCocrystals are solid phases resulting from the association of two molecules that crystallize together as a new crystal lattice. When applied to pharmaceutical molecules, cocrystals have different properties than the precursor compounds. Beside the conventional route of preparation by solution crystallization, the use of supercritical CO2 is a more recent route offering a new eco-responsible alternative to the manufacture of cocrystals. Beyond the improvement of the properties of active ingredients, cocrystallization can also be used to achieve chiral separation of enantiomers, via the implementation of preferential crystallization applied to their chiral cocrystals.The overall objective of this thesis was to understand the steps involved in the formation of cocrystals and their kinetics in CO2-solvent mixture. To understand these phenomena, the influence of different key process parameters on the crystalline phase(s) produced has been studied under pressure at different scales.First, a screening was performed by the supercritical GAS (Gaseous Anti-Solvent) process in order to identify new co-crystalline phases of chiral systems, previously unreported in the literature. A more extensive study was carried out on the {PXL+4-HBA} system (proxyphylline + 4-hydroxybenzoic acid), revealing a unique behavior when cocrystallized by supercritical CO2. Indeed, under the effect of CO2, the formation of a kinetic metastable phase is favored, containing solvent inclusions, unseen during the recrystallization by conventional way. The structures of the new phases thus obtained have been elucidated. Concerning the {NPX+BiPY} system (naproxen +bipyridine), the cocrystals obtained so far by classical crystallization from racemic (RS-NPX) and/or enantiopure (S-NPX) naproxen were produced both by CO2 antisolvent and by CO2 solvent, representing a novelty through these processes.In parallel, a high-pressure microfluidic device has been developed using the silicon-Pyrex technology allowing, for the first time, in situ observation and characterization of the crystallization. On the one hand, optical microscopy coupled with image analysis has provided induction times and growth kinetics of the NPX model compound. On the other hand, Raman microscopy enabled the in situ identification of a specific spectroscopic signature of the S-NPX:BiPY cocrystal, demonstrating the interest of these tools for the screening of cocrystals.Finally, the application of these processes in supercritical conditions for enantiomeric resolution by preferential crystallization has also been explored, broadening CO2-assisted crystallization and cocrystallization to the context of chirality
Benoit, Virginie. „Relation entre structure et texture de matériaux poreux et l'évaluation de leurs propriétés de piégeage du CO2“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0635/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMixte Matrix Membranes (MMM’s) are promising materials for CO2 capture compared to current technologies as absorption using amines solvents (monoéthanolamine). Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials which can be integrate under nanoparticles shape to polymer phase of MMM’s. They are built from metal nods and organic ligand to yield well-defined tridimensional structure (3D). They possess various advantages: high specific surface area and pore volume, tunable pore size and some of them are stable in presence of water. MOFs have a sustainable chemistry to targeted applications unlike traditional adsorbents as activated carbons, zeolites.On the one hand, this work aimed the assessment of CO2 separation performances of microporous MOFs for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas separations. The ‘gas-adsorbent’ interactions are favored in MOFs by: (1) a decrease of pore size, pore volume which can involve confinement effects, molecular sieve effects or (2) the presence of surface groups. Therefore, these factors can contribute to the CO2 selectivity improvement and have been studied for various microporous MOFs. On the other hand, textural (specific surface area, pore volume) and thermodynamic (adsorption enthalpy) parameters have been correlated to CO2 maximum excess uptakes through a quantitative structure-property approach to establish some linear trends
Ortiz, Cancino Olga. „Etude expérimentale de l'adsorption du méthane dans des gaz de schistes colombiens et de la séparation méthane/dioxyde de carbone“. Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this dissertation we developed three main works in which adsorption phenomenon play a predominant role.According to the BP Statistical Review, Colombia’s reserves/production ratio is close to 12 and currently all the natural gas production comes from conventional reserves; meanwhile its unconventional technically recoverable gas reserves are about twelve times greater than conventional ones. Most of them are located in the Middle Magdalena Valley Sedimentary Basin (MMV). In this context we measured the methane adsorption capacity on five shale core samples obtained during exploratory drilling from three boreholes located in the MMV. The experiments were carried out at 50 and 75°C and for pressure ranging up to 3.5 MPa under dry conditions. The geochemical and structural characterizations were carried out in the Department of Geology of the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. The effect of total organic carbon (TOC), thermal maturity, clay content and specific surface area (SSA) on methane adsorption capacity was studied. The results shows that the temperature has a negative effect on the adsorption capacity, while TOC has a positive effect, even if no linear regression was found between TOC and methane adsorption capacity. No correlation was observed between the clay content and the TOC-normalized adsorption capacity to methane, which indicates that clay minerals do not significantly contribute to methane adsorption in the case of our samples. In addition, there is not a general trend between TOC normalized and thermal maturity. Among the factors investigated in the present study, TOC has the major contribution to the adsorption uptake. A similar contribution is found for the SSA, which is consistent, considering the positive correlation between TOC and SSA. This set of data represents meaningful information for indirect estimations of the gas in place during the future recovery strategies. And maybe the most important, this study furthers the ongoing projects on the understanding of the adsorption effect on shale gas production and assessment.In addition to this work, we made a study on selective CH4/CO2 adsorption on a shale gas, which was previously characterized. The adsorption capacity and enthalpy of CO2 and CH4 pure at 50°C and for pressures up to 3.2 MPa were measured. Additionally, the equimolar mixture methane/carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms was performed up to 2 MPa at the same temperature. The results show that CO2 is preferentially adsorbed than methane, both in pure state as in the mixture. The estimated selectivity CO2/CH4 highlights a significant affinity of CO2 with the kerogen of this sample. These results are of great interest from an industrial point of view, because they mean that this shale could be a candidate for CO2 injection as recovery method; and for CO2 storage when it was depleted. Finally, having into account that separation and capture of CO2 have environmental connotations, we explored the separation of CO2 from an equimolar CH4/CO2 mixture using adsorbents of silica nanoparticles (natives and functionalized with amines) developed in the University of Vigo. We measured the adsorption capacity and enthalpy of CO2 and CH4 at 50°C and pressures up to 3MPa and the equimolar CH4/CO2 adsorption capacity at the same temperature and up to 2 MPa in both set of nanoparticles. The results showed that there is a preferential adsorption to CO2 over CH4 (in pure state and in the mixture), but CO2 adsorption is lower in native particles than in functionalized ones. However native particles are promising for CO2 capture. The value of selectivity of CO2 over CH4 is almost the same for both samples, it means that the functionalization process did not improve the performance of the particles in this case. This kind of works has a lot of perspective for the future
Ravon, Ugo. „L'élaboration de nouveaux matériaux de type MOFs, pour le captage du CO2 et l'alkylation de composés aromatiques“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817254.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDebost, Maxime. „Synthèse et étude structurale de nanozeolites à petits micropores pour la capture du CO2“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this work is to prepare template-free small pore nanosized zeolites. The direct synthesis of nanosized CHA and RHO type zeolites without organic structure directing agents provided materials with a Si/Al ratio suitable for the separation of CO2 from CH4. The first part of this study concerns the development of a new synthetic route towards preparation of small pore nanozeolites from water clear precursor suspensions. The nanocrystals have a diameter of 30 - 200 nm and a Si/Al ratio of 1.4 to 2.6. The second part is dedicated on the crystallographic analysis of the RHO and CHA nanosized zeolites in hydrated and dehydrated forms. Precession electron diffraction tomography (PEDT) and in-situ powder XRD methods were used to characterize the structure of the newly synthesized materials with nanosized dimensions. The third part of the thesis includes the adsorption studies of CO2 and CH4 in the CHA and RHO nanosized zeolites. The high selectivity of the zeolite nanocrystals synthesized with different cations (Cs, Na, K) towards CO2 in the presence of CH4 is demonstrated
Darwiche, Ali. „Membranes zéolithiques de type MFI pour l'extraction et la séparation de l'hydrogène“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MULH3174.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the general context of massive and "carbon free" hydrogen production studies, the aim of this work was the development of zeolitic MFI membranes for hydrogen extraction and separation. The methodology of synthesis, the membranes characterization techniques as well as the permeation experimental setup are presented. Optimization and control of the elaboration of Ti02 supported Silicalite-1 and template free ZSM-5 membranes have been reached. Details of the full kinetic study that we performed are given. Numerous permeation experiments, involving pure gas (H2, He, Ar, N2, C02, SF6) and mixtures (H2/H20/Ar) and (H2/H 20/HI/Ar) have been carried on. The effects of temperature, feed pressure, thickness and length of the membranes, as well as the role of the sweeping gas have been emphasized. In the case of gas mixtures, the presence of H20 molecules appears to be a predominant factor
Bonnot, Karine. „Propagation de fronts de matière et de chaleur dans une colonne d'adsorption modulée en pression pour la séparation de gaz“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_BONNOT_K.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChahbani, Mohamed Hachemi. „Séparation de gaz par adsorption modulée en pression : modélisation des écoulements et de la cinétique de transfert de matière“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL108N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTurri, Laura. „Stockage du CO2 par carbonatation minérale de l’olivine : étude du procédé global pour la valorisation des produits de la réaction et la séparation des particules de chromite par flottation“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the study of direct carbonation of olivine in solution, for the chemical transformation of CO2 emitted by the industries. The influence of operating conditions is evaluated in order to optimize the yield of the reaction. However, for environmental acceptability and economic viability of the project, the beneficiation of recoverable metals and products is considered. Chromite particles contained in olivine are unreactive during the carbonation reaction: the separation is developed by flotation upstream of the reaction. According to the results, the extraction of chromite by magnetic separation is also conceivable. Gravimetric separation by sedimentation is considered to recover residual olivine in the reaction products, in order to recycle them in the carbonation process. Products sieving allowed to concentrate carbonates (less than 40 µm) and silica (between 40 and 106 µm). However, the co-precipitation of mixed carbonates due to the presence of iron and nickel included in the magnesium matrix, compromises the purification and the optimal valorization of the solids. Moreover, the formation of a passivation layer on the particles surface limits the conversion of olivine. Pretreatment of olivine is envisaged for the leaching of nickel in ammoniac solution. Besides, preliminary dissolution of olivine and selective precipitation of species with pH control of the solution can be an interesting alternative for higher carbonation extent and more efficient purification of the products
Lasalle, Alain. „Analyse exergétique des procèdes de séparation-mélangeage : application aux pompes à chaleur à absorption et l'adsorption modulée en pression (PSA)“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL104N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAït-Ameur, Nadira. „Contribution à la quantification du CO2 anthropique en mer Méditerranée et en mer de Ross“. Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0777.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to improve our understanding of the role of the ocean in the uptake of excess CO2, we estimate the anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the Ross Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea. In the Ross Sea the different water masses are invaded by anthropogenic CO2 with a mean concentration of 28 ± 2 µmol/kg in the shelf waters (500-800m) and 7 ± 2 µmol/kg in the deep waters (1500-1800m). Since the beginning of the industrialisation the waters stored 8. 57 10-4 ± 3 10-4 GtC/year which represent approximately 4% of the Austral ocean uptake. The shelf water circulation on the shelf break provides approximately 38% the anthropogenic CO2 to the deep water contributing to its long term storage. In the Western Mediterranean Sea, the intermediate (400-800m) and deep waters (2000m) are characterized by high anthropogenic carbon concentrations with a mean of 64. 4 ± 4 µmol/kg in the intermediate waters and 72. 6 ± 5 µmol/kg in the deep waters. The modification of the circulation that affected the eastern basin (EMT, Eastern Mediterranean Transient) seems to affect also the anthropogenic CO2 storage in the western basin leading to a decrease of 8 µmol/kg in the intermediate water over the last decade. In the gulf of Lion the distribution of fCO2 and the air-sea CO2 exchange are influenced by riverine (Rhone) input. During our investigation this area appears to be a slight source of CO2 for the atmosphere with a mean net flux of +17. 7 mmol/m2/day. In the Mediterranean Sea as in the Ross Sea, the formation of deep water and water circulation are the main processes involved in sequestration of anthropogenic CO2: the Ross Sea shelf water spreading to the deep ocean and the Mediterranean water residence time with its exchange with the Atlantic Ocean. The anthropogenic CO2 exported from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean represents up to 4. 8% (0. 03 to 0. 06 GtC/year) of the total CO2 exported. The Mediterranean Sea is thus a significant source of anthropogenic CO2 to the Atlantic Ocean. It seems to be a concentration basin where, as a consequence of their long residence time, the deep waters are enriched in anthropogenic CO2
Bougie, Francis, und Francis Bougie. „Sterically hindered amine based absorbents and application for CO2 capture in membrane contactors“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2014-2015
La séparation des gaz dans des contacteurs à membrane (MC) est une technologie de pointe qui offre plusieurs avantages par rapport aux contacteurs traditionnels (colonnes garnies), mais très peu d'efforts ont été consacrés pour développer de nouvelles solutions absorbantes spécialement optimisées pour les applications dans les MC. Actuellement, aucun absorbant disponible ne répond complètement aux exigences pour la mise en œuvre de la séparation industrielle des gaz acides, le CO2 en particulier, dans les contacteurs à membranes. L'objectif principal de ce travail a été de développer un absorbant à base d’alcanolamine à encombrement stérique (SHA), présentant les caractéristiques spécifiques exigées pour application dans les MC (bonnes capacité et cinétique d’absorption, régénération facile et plus économique, résistance à la dégradation, compatibilité avec les membranes et haute tension superficielle) et d’étudier son efficacité pour la capture du CO2 dans différentes configurations de contacteurs à membrane et conditions opératoires. Bien que les alcanolamine fortement encombrées stériquement sont caractérisées par une faible cinétique d’absorption du CO2, le fait qu’elles possèdent un grand potentiel pour réduire la consommation d'énergie lors de la régénération des solutions riches en CO2 a été l’un des paramètres clés dans le choix de l’AHPD (2-amino-2-hydroxyméthyle-1,3-propanediol). Pour améliorer le taux d'absorption, la pipérazine (Pz) s'est avérée un activateur très efficace; l'addition de petites quantités de Pz aux solutions aqueuses d’AHPD améliore significativement la cinétique d'absorption du CO2. Il a été aussi trouvé que le mélange AHPD-Pz a également une très bonne capacité d’absorption. L'étude de la régénération des solutions d’amines usées (contenant du CO2) a révélé que des solutions à base d’alcanolamines fortement encombrées stériquement (AHPD en particulier), sont beaucoup plus facilement régénérables par rapport à la MEA, l'amine de référence utilisée industriellement dans la séparation des gaz acides. De plus, l'ajout d'une petite quantité de Pz dans une solution aqueuse d’AHPD permet d’obtenir presque la même capacité cyclique et efficacité de régénération que les solutions non-activées par la Pz, mais pour la moitié de la durée du processus d'absorption. Outre les propriétés absorbantes des liquides, les performances des MC pour la séparation du CO2 dépendent fortement de la compatibilité entre la membrane et l’absorbant. Sur la base des propriétés liées au mouillage des membranes, comme la tension superficielle du liquide, l’angle de contact, la pression de percée et la stabilité chimique, une nouvelle méthode graphique d’estimation de la tension superficielle des solutions aqueuses d'amines, d'alcools ou d’alcanolamines a été développée pour permettre la sélection des meilleures conditions pour éviter le mouillage des membranes. Il a été trouvé que les solutions à base d’AHPD (comme AHPD + Pz) ont un fort potentiel d'utilisation dans les MC en raison de leur tension superficielle élevée. La méthode développée a aussi permis d'identifier de nouvelles amines potentielles pouvant être utilisées dans les MC. Une bonne stabilité et résistance à la dégradation est une autre caractéristique importante des solutions absorbantes. L'étude de la stabilité de différentes solutions aqueuses d’amines à la dégradation thermique et oxydative, en absence et en présence de CO2, a révélé que les SHA sont plus résistantes à la dégradation thermique que les amines conventionnelles, mais que la présence d'oxygène les dégrade plus significativement en absence de CO2. Toutefois, la présence de CO2 dans les solutions à base de SHA est bénéfique, car la formation préférentielle du bicarbonate conduit à une réduction significative du taux de dégradation oxydative. Le faible degré de dégradation de la solution aqueuse AHPD + Pz confirme son potentiel comme absorbant pour le CO2. Finalement, la performance des solutions aqueuses AHPD + Pz pour la capture du CO2 dans des MC a été étudiée dans différentes conditions opératoires et configurations des modules (fibres creuses et membranes plates, membranes en PTFE, PP et laminées PTFE/PP, différents débits du liquide, compositions de gaz et orientations des flux gazeux et liquide (co- et contre-courant)). Les solutions AHPD + Pz ont montré une excellente performance. Sur la base des données expérimentales, une étude de modélisation de la capture du CO2 dans des MC à fibres creuses PTFE a démontré l'effet positif des solutions présentant une tension superficielle élevée sur la réduction du mouillage de la membrane. En conclusion, les résultats de cette thèse ont montré que les solutions aqueuses AHPD + Pz possèdent une bonne capacité et cinétique d’absorption, régénération plus facile et moins énergivore, résistance à la dégradation, haute tension superficielle et démontre d'excellentes performances pour la capture du CO2 dans les MC, en représentant une alternative intéressante à la MEA.
La séparation des gaz dans des contacteurs à membrane (MC) est une technologie de pointe qui offre plusieurs avantages par rapport aux contacteurs traditionnels (colonnes garnies), mais très peu d'efforts ont été consacrés pour développer de nouvelles solutions absorbantes spécialement optimisées pour les applications dans les MC. Actuellement, aucun absorbant disponible ne répond complètement aux exigences pour la mise en œuvre de la séparation industrielle des gaz acides, le CO2 en particulier, dans les contacteurs à membranes. L'objectif principal de ce travail a été de développer un absorbant à base d’alcanolamine à encombrement stérique (SHA), présentant les caractéristiques spécifiques exigées pour application dans les MC (bonnes capacité et cinétique d’absorption, régénération facile et plus économique, résistance à la dégradation, compatibilité avec les membranes et haute tension superficielle) et d’étudier son efficacité pour la capture du CO2 dans différentes configurations de contacteurs à membrane et conditions opératoires. Bien que les alcanolamine fortement encombrées stériquement sont caractérisées par une faible cinétique d’absorption du CO2, le fait qu’elles possèdent un grand potentiel pour réduire la consommation d'énergie lors de la régénération des solutions riches en CO2 a été l’un des paramètres clés dans le choix de l’AHPD (2-amino-2-hydroxyméthyle-1,3-propanediol). Pour améliorer le taux d'absorption, la pipérazine (Pz) s'est avérée un activateur très efficace; l'addition de petites quantités de Pz aux solutions aqueuses d’AHPD améliore significativement la cinétique d'absorption du CO2. Il a été aussi trouvé que le mélange AHPD-Pz a également une très bonne capacité d’absorption. L'étude de la régénération des solutions d’amines usées (contenant du CO2) a révélé que des solutions à base d’alcanolamines fortement encombrées stériquement (AHPD en particulier), sont beaucoup plus facilement régénérables par rapport à la MEA, l'amine de référence utilisée industriellement dans la séparation des gaz acides. De plus, l'ajout d'une petite quantité de Pz dans une solution aqueuse d’AHPD permet d’obtenir presque la même capacité cyclique et efficacité de régénération que les solutions non-activées par la Pz, mais pour la moitié de la durée du processus d'absorption. Outre les propriétés absorbantes des liquides, les performances des MC pour la séparation du CO2 dépendent fortement de la compatibilité entre la membrane et l’absorbant. Sur la base des propriétés liées au mouillage des membranes, comme la tension superficielle du liquide, l’angle de contact, la pression de percée et la stabilité chimique, une nouvelle méthode graphique d’estimation de la tension superficielle des solutions aqueuses d'amines, d'alcools ou d’alcanolamines a été développée pour permettre la sélection des meilleures conditions pour éviter le mouillage des membranes. Il a été trouvé que les solutions à base d’AHPD (comme AHPD + Pz) ont un fort potentiel d'utilisation dans les MC en raison de leur tension superficielle élevée. La méthode développée a aussi permis d'identifier de nouvelles amines potentielles pouvant être utilisées dans les MC. Une bonne stabilité et résistance à la dégradation est une autre caractéristique importante des solutions absorbantes. L'étude de la stabilité de différentes solutions aqueuses d’amines à la dégradation thermique et oxydative, en absence et en présence de CO2, a révélé que les SHA sont plus résistantes à la dégradation thermique que les amines conventionnelles, mais que la présence d'oxygène les dégrade plus significativement en absence de CO2. Toutefois, la présence de CO2 dans les solutions à base de SHA est bénéfique, car la formation préférentielle du bicarbonate conduit à une réduction significative du taux de dégradation oxydative. Le faible degré de dégradation de la solution aqueuse AHPD + Pz confirme son potentiel comme absorbant pour le CO2. Finalement, la performance des solutions aqueuses AHPD + Pz pour la capture du CO2 dans des MC a été étudiée dans différentes conditions opératoires et configurations des modules (fibres creuses et membranes plates, membranes en PTFE, PP et laminées PTFE/PP, différents débits du liquide, compositions de gaz et orientations des flux gazeux et liquide (co- et contre-courant)). Les solutions AHPD + Pz ont montré une excellente performance. Sur la base des données expérimentales, une étude de modélisation de la capture du CO2 dans des MC à fibres creuses PTFE a démontré l'effet positif des solutions présentant une tension superficielle élevée sur la réduction du mouillage de la membrane. En conclusion, les résultats de cette thèse ont montré que les solutions aqueuses AHPD + Pz possèdent une bonne capacité et cinétique d’absorption, régénération plus facile et moins énergivore, résistance à la dégradation, haute tension superficielle et démontre d'excellentes performances pour la capture du CO2 dans les MC, en représentant une alternative intéressante à la MEA.
Gas separation in membrane contactors (MC) is a forefront technology offering several advantages over traditional packed columns, but very few efforts have been made to develop new absorbent solutions optimized specifically for application in MC. Currently, no available absorbent meets all required characteristics for the implementation of membrane contactors for acid gas separation (CO2 in particular) in industrial units. The main objective of this work was to develop a dedicated sterically hindered alkanolamine (SHA) based absorbent with improved characteristics for application in MC (good absorption capacity and reaction kinetics, regeneration facility, resistance to degradation, compatibility with membranes and high surface tension) and to investigate its efficiency for CO2 capture in different membrane contactor configurations and operation conditions. Although low kinetics characterizes highly sterically hindered alkanolamines, their potential to reduce the energy consumption during the regeneration step brings us to focus on AHPD (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol). To improve the absorption rate, piperazine (Pz) was found to be a very effective activator; the addition of small amounts of Pz to aqueous AHPD solutions has significant effect on the enhancement of the CO2 absorption rate. The blend AHPD-Pz was also found to present very good absorption capacity. The investigation of the regeneration of loaded (CO2 containing) amine solutions revealed that highly hindered SHA based solutions (AHPD in particular) are much easier to regenerate compared to MEA, the benchmark amine industrially used in acid gas separations. Moreover, the addition of small amount of Pz into AHPD aqueous solution allowed to obtain almost the same cyclic capacity and regeneration efficiency as non-activated solutions, but for half of the absorption time. Besides the liquid absorbent properties, the performances of MC for CO2 separation strongly depend on the compatibility between absorbent and membrane. Based on wetting-related properties like liquid surface tension, contact angle, membrane breakthrough pressure and chemical stability, a new graphical surface tension estimation method for aqueous amine, alcohol or alkanolamine solutions was developed to select the best conditions to elude the unwanted membrane wetting phenomenon. AHPD-based solutions (like the AHPD + Pz solution) were found to have a strong potential for use in MC because of their very high surface tension. In addition, the developed method allowed to identify new potential amines for use in MC. A good stability and resistance to degradation is another important feature of CO2 absorbents. The investigation of the stability of different aqueous amine solutions to thermal and oxidative degradation, in the absence and the presence of CO2, revealed that SHA are more resistant to thermal degradation than conventional amines, but the presence of oxygen degraded them more significantly in the absence of CO2. However, the presence of CO2 is beneficial to SHA as the preferential bicarbonate formation in solutions reduces by a large extent the oxidative degradation rate. The low degradation degree of the AHPD + Pz aqueous solution reaffirms its potential as CO2 absorbent. Finally, the performance of the AHPD + Pz aqueous solution for CO2 capture in MC was investigated in different operational conditions and module configurations (hollow fibers and flat sheets membranes, PTFE, PP and laminated PTFE/PP membranes, various liquid flow rates, gas compositions and flow orientation (co- and counter-current)). Excellent performance was found for AHPD + Pz solutions. Based on experimental data, a modeling study of CO2 capture in PTFE hollow fiber MC revealed the positive effect of solutions presenting high surface tension on the reduction of membrane wetting. In summary, the results of this thesis showed that AHPD + Pz aqueous solution possess good absorption capacity, reaction kinetics, regenerative potential, and degradation resistance, as well as high surface tension and showed excellent performance for CO2 capture in MC, representing an interesting alternative to MEA.
Gas separation in membrane contactors (MC) is a forefront technology offering several advantages over traditional packed columns, but very few efforts have been made to develop new absorbent solutions optimized specifically for application in MC. Currently, no available absorbent meets all required characteristics for the implementation of membrane contactors for acid gas separation (CO2 in particular) in industrial units. The main objective of this work was to develop a dedicated sterically hindered alkanolamine (SHA) based absorbent with improved characteristics for application in MC (good absorption capacity and reaction kinetics, regeneration facility, resistance to degradation, compatibility with membranes and high surface tension) and to investigate its efficiency for CO2 capture in different membrane contactor configurations and operation conditions. Although low kinetics characterizes highly sterically hindered alkanolamines, their potential to reduce the energy consumption during the regeneration step brings us to focus on AHPD (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol). To improve the absorption rate, piperazine (Pz) was found to be a very effective activator; the addition of small amounts of Pz to aqueous AHPD solutions has significant effect on the enhancement of the CO2 absorption rate. The blend AHPD-Pz was also found to present very good absorption capacity. The investigation of the regeneration of loaded (CO2 containing) amine solutions revealed that highly hindered SHA based solutions (AHPD in particular) are much easier to regenerate compared to MEA, the benchmark amine industrially used in acid gas separations. Moreover, the addition of small amount of Pz into AHPD aqueous solution allowed to obtain almost the same cyclic capacity and regeneration efficiency as non-activated solutions, but for half of the absorption time. Besides the liquid absorbent properties, the performances of MC for CO2 separation strongly depend on the compatibility between absorbent and membrane. Based on wetting-related properties like liquid surface tension, contact angle, membrane breakthrough pressure and chemical stability, a new graphical surface tension estimation method for aqueous amine, alcohol or alkanolamine solutions was developed to select the best conditions to elude the unwanted membrane wetting phenomenon. AHPD-based solutions (like the AHPD + Pz solution) were found to have a strong potential for use in MC because of their very high surface tension. In addition, the developed method allowed to identify new potential amines for use in MC. A good stability and resistance to degradation is another important feature of CO2 absorbents. The investigation of the stability of different aqueous amine solutions to thermal and oxidative degradation, in the absence and the presence of CO2, revealed that SHA are more resistant to thermal degradation than conventional amines, but the presence of oxygen degraded them more significantly in the absence of CO2. However, the presence of CO2 is beneficial to SHA as the preferential bicarbonate formation in solutions reduces by a large extent the oxidative degradation rate. The low degradation degree of the AHPD + Pz aqueous solution reaffirms its potential as CO2 absorbent. Finally, the performance of the AHPD + Pz aqueous solution for CO2 capture in MC was investigated in different operational conditions and module configurations (hollow fibers and flat sheets membranes, PTFE, PP and laminated PTFE/PP membranes, various liquid flow rates, gas compositions and flow orientation (co- and counter-current)). Excellent performance was found for AHPD + Pz solutions. Based on experimental data, a modeling study of CO2 capture in PTFE hollow fiber MC revealed the positive effect of solutions presenting high surface tension on the reduction of membrane wetting. In summary, the results of this thesis showed that AHPD + Pz aqueous solution possess good absorption capacity, reaction kinetics, regenerative potential, and degradation resistance, as well as high surface tension and showed excellent performance for CO2 capture in MC, representing an interesting alternative to MEA.
Piriou, Patrice. „Caractérisation et modélisation d'un procédé pilote de captage de CO2 par carbonatation des saumures alcalines et séparation des phases en colonnes de flottation“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0136/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolvay process generates huge amounts of waste brines at alkaline pH containing portlandite, brucite and calcium silicate hydrates. Carbonation leads to lowering of pH which favors formation of two predominant phases: calcite and gypsum. The aim of this thesis is to develop carbonated waste brines valorization by phase separation in flotation column Study of carbonation in a batch reactor and in a carbonation pilot column shows it is preferable not to carbonate waste brines until thermodynamic equilibrium. Indeed dissolution of heavy metals occurs from a pH of about 7.5 thereby limiting discharge of brines in the environment. In addition, a sudden and incomplete carbonation is appropriate for phase separation by flotation. Flotation tests carried out in a 7.6 cm diameter and 3 m high column showed feasibility of the separation of the two calcium minerals using sodium oleate as a collector despite abundant literature for caution. The differences between the particle size of carbonates and sulfates and their surface hydration, as well as the high ionic strength of the medium allow an efficient separation of phases. Study of synthetic brines highlights the role of metal cations (nature, radius, charge…) on bubble coalescence in dynamic conditions in an environment with high ionic strength. Study of operation parameter performed on a 30.5 cm diameter and 10 m high column enabled the modeling of the column flotation process in order to provide a scale-up procedure of industrial process. Comparison of simulation results with actual results allows the determination of intensities of flotation subprocesses (attachment/detachment), and led to the proposal of an industrial plant with two flotation columns in series
Millot, Benoît. „Étude du transport d'hydrocarbures saturés dans des membranes zéolithiques de structure MFI“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO19008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenevides, Ferreira José Flavio. „La mise au point de méthodes thermiques et spectrométriques pour la caractérisation des catalyseurs pour le stockage de CO2“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858419.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoucin, Cyprien. „Borane adsorption on MgO nanoparticles for increased catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO2 on epoxides“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS142.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarbon dioxide capture and valorisation have become major challenges for the future decades. Capture technologies are already mature enough to start being implemented at industrial scale but valorisation technologies are still lacking. This thesis work focuses on the development of new catalysts for CO2 chemical valorisation. The bibliographic introduction emphasizes the potential alkaline earth oxides for CO2 capture and valorisation due to their ability to easily form carbonates, as well as the recent development of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) chemistry for the activation of small molecules like CO2. We propose a strategy to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles functionalised with borane ligands to create FLP-like interaction at the surface and increase the catalytic activity of the nanoparticles in the cycloaddition of CO2 on epoxides. In the first part of this work, the synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles by precipitation-calcination is studied. Reaction parameters like calcination temperature and post synthesis washings are shown to impact the nanoparticles morphology and surface state. The second part of this work focuses on borane adsorption on MgO nanoparticles with and without presence of CO2. Proof of a MgO-CO2-BPh3 interaction is found using infrared spectroscopy analyses. A unique interaction between MgO and the chloroborane BCl2Ph is evidenced by a visual colour change of the nanoparticles and by infrared spectroscopy. The last part of this work focuses on the catalytic study of the cycloaddition reaction. Comparison between the different MgO catalysts confirmes the importance of the nanoparticles synthesis parameters on their activity. Adsorption of borane modifies the MgO activity and/or selectivity depending on the reaction solvent. The addition of BCl2Ph increases the activity of the MgO catalyst by a factor 10 but also reduces the selectivity toward cyclic carbonate. Impact of temperature, concentration and reaction duration on the catalytic performances of this nanoparticle¬ ligand pair is studied to unveil the origin of this unreported synergy between MgO and BCl2Ph
Lalitha, Anusha. „Modelling of MOF/Graphene oxide composites and their performances for CO2 capture“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecently, most of the research attention has been focused on controlling global warming resulting from the emission of greenhouse gases. The advantage of developing adsorbents for physisorption-based CO2 capture resides in the reduction of energy penalty and easier recyclability. Composite systems (MOF/GO) made from the assembly of graphene oxide (GO) with Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) together with tailored functionalities have been recently revealed as promising candidates to selectively adsorb CO2 over diverse gases including N2 and CH4. In this PhD, an innovative computational methodology integrating density functional theory calculations and force field-based molecular dynamics simulation has been applied to provide a first atomistic picture of the interactions at the MOF/GO interface with the main objective to characterize the nature of the interactions between the two components, the surface coverage, the GO conformation that all together are expected to play a key role in the compatibility of the composite. As a first step, a careful attention has been paid to develop a structural model for the GO containing –hydroxyl, -epoxy and –carboxylic groups consistent with the experimental observation on the C/O ratios. As a proof of concept, the zinc-based zeolite imidazole framework ZIF-8 has been considered and its MOF surface model has been taken from our previous work. The MOF/GO interface has been further built and detailed analysis of the MOF/GO interfaces has been generated. A systematic computational exploration of the impact of the nature of the MOFs as well as of the functionalization of GO has been further deployed. Subsequently, the adsorption and separation performances were modelled for these MOF/GO systems using Monte Carlo simulations. These computational findings were supported by experimental data collected within the frame of the H2020 EU GRAMOFON and paves way towards a more rationale development of mixed matrix membranes
Georgeaud, Vincent. „Adsorption des métaux lourds sur les oxydes magnetiques, vers des procédés magnétiques de décontamination et d'expertise des sites pollués“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJolimaitre, Elsa. „Étude et modélisation de l'adsorption et du transfert de matière dans les zéolithes de structure MFI : application à la séparation des hydrocarbures saturés mono et di-branchés“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKargol, Marta. „Élaboration de matériaux aluminosilicates monolithiques multifonctionnels et détermination de leurs propriétés superficielles dans le contexte d'une application en séparation de mélanges d'hydrocarbure“. Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20206.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrochard, Laurent. „Poromechanics and adsorption : application to coal swelling during carbon geological storage“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePas de résumé en anglais
Cherif, Hamadi. „Etude et modélisation de méthodes de séparation du méthane et de H2S, sélection d'une méthode favorisant la valorisation de H2S“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiogas must be purified for becoming a renewable fuel. At now, the most part of the purification techniques are not satisfactory because they imply hydrogen sulfides (H2S) rejection to the atmosphere. One example of these methods is the treatment with high pressure water. The first objective of the thesis is modeling the conventional methods for separating H2S from methane. Typical concentrations of H2S in methane vary from 200 to 5000 pm. Separation methods must decrease the concentration of H2S in methane to less than 1 ppm. At the same time, methods for H2S treatment will be studied.Once the most appropriated separation methods will be selected, some test will be carried out on a pilot plant capable of treating 85 Nm3/h of methane, where quantities of H2S ranging from 1 and 100 ppm will be injected. These tests will allow validating the modeling of the separation process. On the basis of the obtained results, a specific test bench will be conceived and constructed for validating the selected process.The thesis work requires simulating the separation process using the software Aspen Plus® or an equivalent one. The effectiveness of different operative conditions will be tested, varying also the parameter temperature. The energy necessary for the separation will be one of the most important criteria for the comparison, as well as the mass consumption of the different fluids involved in the process.A system approach is fundamental for evaluating the backward effect of the H2S valorization method on the separation techniques. The process simulator (Aspen Plus® or equivalent) will allow the system approach.The study will involve modeling and experimental parts. The experimental part will be carried out taking advantage of a semi-industrial size test bench, allowing studying the separation methods down to -90°C
Mérel, Jérôme. „Etude du captage post-combustion du CO2 grâce à un procédé TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) à chauffage et refroidissements indirects“. Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0700.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFace à l’augmentation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, le captage post-combustion du CO2 associé à son stockage est une solution technologique prometteuse. Différentes méthodes sont actuellement développées dont l’adsorption qui fait l’objet de cette étude. Ce travail concerne l’utilisation d’un procédé TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) pour le captage post-combustion du CO2. Ce procédé fait appel à un adsorbeur équipé d’un échangeur interne permettant un chauffage (vapeur d’eau) et refroidissement (circulation d’eau) indirects (pas de contact entre le caloporteur et l’adsorbant). Ce travail s’appuie à la fois sur une partie expérimentale et numérique. A partir des premières expériences, la zéolithe 5A a été sélectionnée. Différentes conditions opératoires (composition de l’alimentation, température de désorption, débit de purge, durée du cycle, étapes de pré-refroidissement / pré-chauffage,…) ont alors été testées à partir d’un mélange N2-CO2 afin d’obtenir un compromis optimal entre les critères de performance. D’autres configurations ont ensuite été testées au moyen d’un modèle numérique préalablement validé à partir d’expériences. En phase d’adsorption, la température d’alimentation et la température initiale du lit n’ont que peu d’influence sur les performances de l’adsorbeur. Grâce à une étude paramétrique effectuée pour des cycles, des conditions opératoires optimales, notamment avec une étape de pré-refroidissement, ont été déterminées pour cette application spécifique. Les résultats ainsi obtenus sont tout à fait encourageants puisqu’ils ont permis de mettre en évidence des performances comparables à celles des procédés de référence d’absorption par amine
Lafhaj, Zineb. „Augmentation du contraste de séparation des minéraux calciques semisolubles à l’aide de combinaisons de réactifs carboxyliques et non-ionique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleValorization of calcium minerals is a global problem. Flotation is a technique used for the separation of these minerals since it plays on their surface properties. However, this is an important scientific challenge because the surface properties of calcium minerals are very similar. The difficulties of separation of these minerals are then due to the similarities between their chemical surface properties, but also their electrokinetic and their stability in aqueous solutions. The application of the basic research results will focus on 4 calcites and one apatite of different origins. The main objective is to study the properties and parameters involved in the separation mechanisms of calcium minerals such as the importance of the solubility, the surface speciation of the mineral, the overall loading of the mineral surface and the density of adsorption of surfactants. The electrokinetic properties therefore make it possible to determine the type of collector to be used to selectively float the minerals and to choose the optimum separation pH. Two collectors, sodium oleate and linoleate (different semi-developed formula), were used to study the flotation of calcium minerals. The mixture of these two collectors with different molar ratios was also studied showing a separation contrast at pH 5 with the molar ratio 2: 1 and the ratio 1: 1 at pH 9. In addition, the synergistic effects between ionic collector (oleate or sodium linoleate) and non-ionic (PX alcohol type) in the presence or absence of depressants such as starch and sodium silicate have been studied to improve recovery and selectivity. The adsorption isotherms of sodium oleate and linoleate, in the presence or absence of a non-ionic collector, obtained by the Gregory method demonstrate their co-adsorption on the surface of calcite and apatite. This was also confirmed by the displacements of the symmetric and antisymmetric vibration bands of the CH2-CH3 groups on the infrared spectra in diffuse reflectance. The adsorption of sodium linoleate on one of the calcite minerals (calcite orange) shows different regions which can be explained by multi-layer adsorption resulting from the two-dimensional condensation of the collector on a heterogeneous surface. However, the adsorption of sodium oleate on calcite orange is linear. The apatite from Madagascar and calcite optical have a saturation of the adsorption sites from a concentration of 3.10-5 M in sodium oleate (CMC)
Barthelet, Karin Marika. „Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides poreux à base d'éléments de transition pour la séparation des gaz de l'air“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS017V.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis sutdy is part of a project on the research of new materials for gas production or air separation, and pursues a double aim : modify know compounds in order to make them efficient for industrial applications and synthesize new solids which would possess a stable porous framework containing extra-framework cations. Such properties will limit the range of our study. Since the discovery of zeolites, first kind of adapted solids for gas separation, research efforts have been diversified in order to obtain compounds with new topologies and various compositions having better performances. They resulted in the emergence of new families of materials built up from inorganic and later hybrid frameworks. The bibliographic chapter describes thiss evolution, points out the advantages and drawbacks of each category and finishes by few examples of industrials applications. The second chapter is devoted to the results of ionic exchange on known compounds the purpose of which is to get useful solids. The success of theses experiments depends on the nature of the starting material (two phosphates, one based on nickel and one on vanadium, and one vanadium diphosphonate). For two of them, cationic exchange is possible. Nevertheless, accessible porosity is reached only in one case and even then, the specific surface remains insufficient for the application of interest. Works concerning the second axe of research are described in the two following chapters. They are limited to hybrid compounds based on transition metals, that simultaneously allow to avoid the presence of organic templates which are difficult to eliminate, and to modulate the pore size. With diphosphonic acids, the principal purpose is to prepare bimetallic porous compounds combining porosity and interesting magnetic properties. Several monometallic phases could also appear such as those based on zinc which are the more attractive ones because of their zeotypic framework. With carboxylic acids, structures are often three-dimensional and potenttially porous However, the lack of extra-framework alkaline cations makes these solids inefficient in air separation
Durand, Véronique. „Développement d’un nouveau procédé de synthèse de membranes inorganiques ou composites par voie CO2 supercritique pour la séparation de gaz“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20175.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUsing membranes for the separation/purification of gas mixtures makes possible the implementation of continuous processes with low energy consumption. Membrane performance being directly related to their synthesis/modification method, a new membrane generation is expected from the original "dynamic" deposition method which has been designed and developed in this work, in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) media. Indeed, the properties of supercritical fluids are intermediate between those of liquids and gases (high density and diffusivity, low viscosity), original membrane microstructures are expected to be derived from this process. The selected precursors are solubilized in compressed CO2 and then transported to the membrane support. This method has been explored for both: i) the synthesis of silica-based membranes on macroporous supports and ii) the modification of MFI zeolite membranes by either alkoxides (MDES, TEOS) or fluorinated oligomers. In the first case, an investigation of the deposition parameters demonstates that the sol-gel chemistry (controlled mainly by temperature) masters the final material microstructure, through the degree of condensation/crosslinking of the deposited clusters. Modification of MFI zeolite membranes with alkoxides can double their initial He/SF6 permselectivity without lowering too much their permeance (Π(He)~10-6 mol.Pa-1.s-1.m-2). In this case, the alkoxide fixation is monitored by the strength, nature and availability of acid sites in the MFI network. MFI membranes modified with fluorinated oligomers are SF6-tight and their He/N2 permselectivity can reach 136 at 25°C (Π(He)~10-8 mol.Pa-1.s-1.m-2). This new dynamic deposition/modification method developed in this work appears as a versatile approach in which the final material structure can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters