Dissertationen zum Thema „Adsorption de gaz sous haute pression“
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Minhas, Rizwan. „Spin Crossover (SCO) Hofmann clathrate with switchable property, for the design of a new gas storage/separation material“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been identified in recent years as advanced alternatives for gas storage, molecular separations, sensing or catalysis, thanks to their remarkable host-guest properties and versatility. More recently, the combination of the ferrous spin-crossover (SCO) with MOFs has made it possible to obtain switchable porous architectures where the electron spin of the iron(II) metal centers can be controlled by different stimuli. This work focuses on one of these SCO MOFs, also called Hofmann clathrates, (FeNi[CN]4.Pyrazine) with a switchable property that is studied here for its gas storage and separation properties.This material is first synthesized using an environmentally friendly mixing of reagents, employing iron and nickel salts with pyrazine as the organic linker. The resulting microcrystalline powder is then characterized via different experimental techniques including nitrogen and argon porosimetry, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and IR spectroscopy, thus confirming the successful synthesis of this material.One of the aims of this research was to design and construct a novel homemade volumetric setup to study the high-pressure adsorption of pure gases and mixtures allowing to simultaneously visualize the sample by means of a camera attached near the sapphire window of the measuring cell. First, high pressure (up to 7 MPa) pure gases (CO2, CH4 & N2) adsorption in (FeNi[CN]4.Pz) were conducted at various temperatures and results have shown an interesting structural flexibility of this MOF during CO2 adsorption, whatever the initial spin state of the material. These structural transitions upon CO2 adsorption were then observed using in-situ vibrational spectroscopy techniques: FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, it was shown that the SCO property of this material is well associated with the changes in color of the sample itself showing that the combined adsorption/image analysis technique is a useful tool to investigate the SCO change due to adsorption for this type of material.The adsorption measurement of gas mixtures could be achieved by utilizing the same homemade manometric setup coupled with an IR gas analyzer. Experimental data demonstrated that (FeNi[CN]4.Pz) has a preferential adsorption for CO2 over CH4, making it a suitable candidate for CO2/CH4 separation in some conditions. It was shown that this preferential adsorption of CO2 is enhanced by the structural flexibility of the material.In addition to these experimental results, modeling of both equilibrium adsorption, kinetics of adsorption and selectivity was performed and compared to the measured properties.In summary, this thesis presents a comprehensive study of (FeNi[CN]4.Pz), highlighting its synthesis, characterization, structural flexibility, and exceptional performance in CO2/CH4 as well as CO2/N2 separations, highlighted by both experimental and theoretical approaches
Gagné-Dumais, Laurent. „Étude de composés binaires denses sous haute pression“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKint, Mathieu. „Elasticité de la silice vitreuse sous pression de gaz rares“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS242/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe present an in situ study of vitreous silica v-SiO2 under hydrostatic noble gases pressure by Brillouin and Raman spectroscopy. Samples are pressurized in helium, neon and argon in a diamond anvil cell, in the range 0 - 8 GPa. Helium and neon atoms penetrate in the pressurized glass structure. We estimate that about one atom of helium per SiO4 tetrahedron and about half in the neon case are adsorbed at 6 GPa. Bulk and shear moduli as a function of fluid pressure are obtained from measurements of the longitudinal and transverse acoustic velocities. The behaviour anomaly of the bulk modulus of v-SiO2 (minimum at 2 GPa) is suppressed by He and Ne adsorption, structural rearrangements associated with this anomaly being prevented by the occupation of interstitial sites by helium and neon atoms. In the presence of helium and neon, the V(P) equation of state does not allow to recover bulk modulus because silica behaves like an open porous medium. Monte-Carlo simulation of adsorption isotherms combined with the generalized theory of poromechanics allows to describe volume deformations and adsorbed fluid amount in agreement with experimental results. In the neon case, adsorption-desorption kinetics is observed by Brillouin spectroscopy. Measurements of VV and VH Raman spectra of v-SiO2 are made as function of fluid pressure. The reduction of Si–O–Si angles distribution is prevented by the insertion of helium
Poyet, Thomas. „Etude thermodynamique de l'adsorption des gaz sous pression par des tamis moléculaires“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVICTOR, MARIE-PASCAL. „Equilibre de phases dans des systemes du type gaz leger-hexadecane sous haute pression“. Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRomaneix, Jocelyne. „Étude du comportement de différents filtres à très haute efficacité sous à-coups de pression“. Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFelipe, Mauro Rena Cardoso. „Etude de la précipitation d’asphaltènes dans des bruts petroliers induite par des gaz sous haute pression“. Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3046/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOil production activities are strongly dependent on the phase behavior of produced fluids. The flocculation of asphaltenes, the major components of the heaviest and most polar fraction of crude oil, can lead to solids formation in several steps of oil production. In this thesis, we evaluated several methodologies applied for asphaltenes phase behavior assessment under high-pressure conditions. Among the methodologies, we had developed an apparatus based on the quartz crystal resonator (QCR), able to identify thermodynamic conditions of phase changes in pressurized fluids containing low asphaltenes content. The data obtained with the QCR were validated by isobaric filtration and high pressure microscopy (HPM) tests. Applying the three aforementioned techniques, the influence of gas addition, kinetic factors, thermodynamic conditions and the influence of depressurization rate on the onset of asphaltenes flocculation were studied. Live oils were evaluated by the HPM technique. The results from HPM suggest the existence of four phase behavior patterns for isothermal depressurization experiments, highlighting the existence of a liquid-liquid equilibrium at elevated temperatures and pressures. The physico-chemical characterization of asphaltenes extracted with n-heptane from dead oil suggests that the difference of aromaticity between this fraction and its referred oils could be a parameter to indicate possible problems of asphaltenes flocculation during the oil production
Thomas, Steven. „Amplification d'impulsions laser ultrabrèves à 10µm par pompage optique dans un gaz de CO² sous haute pression“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66293.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChauvet, Thierry. „Possibilités d'inversion de population et d'émission laser dans l'ultraviolet du vide d'un excimère ionique gaz-rare/alcalin excité à haute pression et haute température par un faisceau d'électrons relativistes“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11366.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSansot, Jean-Marc. „Mesure et représentation de la cristallisation des cires paraffiniques dans les huiles brutes et dans les gaz à condensat sous haute pression“. Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo prevent the waxes appearance in oils, thermodynamical models must be developed in order to predict the phase behaviour of such fluids in the temperature ranges as well in the pressure ones in which they are submitted during their exploitation (0. 1 - 100 MPa). In this purpose, two techniques have been developed to get experimental data under pressure about the solid phase appearance conditions and nature, first on synthetic complex systems, then on real complex ones. Thanks to those data under pressure, a totally predictive model based on a cubic equation of state coupled with classical mixing rules has been developed. This new model has been built to represent the fluid - solid phase equilibrium and the solid phase characterization of some synthetic complex systems, but also some real complex systems, maintained under high pressure
Thomas, Cédric. „Étude des mécanismes d'endommagement des composites fibres de carbone / matrice polyamide : application à la réalisation de réservoirs de stockage de gaz sous haute pression de type IV“. Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00656807.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCHARON-GERARD, CHARON LYDIE. „Les melanges de gaz rares sous haute pression. Exemple du systeme helium-neon etudie du point de vue du diagramme binaire et de la vitesse du son“. Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066690.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuss, Etienne. „Caractérisation des décharges partielles et identification des défauts dans les PSEM sous haute tension continue“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe framework of this thesis is the monitoring of High-Voltage, Direct Current (HVDC) Gas-Insulated Substations (GIS). The availability of these equipment is crucial for electrical networks operators. That is why they need a preventive diagnosis tool. The solution must be able to detect and identify the insulation defects, so that an appropriate maintenance can be planned. The last 40 years have seen Partial Discharges (PD) measurement become a classic monitoring tool for AC GIS. Unfortunately, there is a lack of scientific information about PD in HVDC GIS, and the known defect identification techniques are very specific to the AC environment. New techniques are thus needed in DC.This thesis aimed to characterize partial discharges in DC gas-insulated substations, and to develop an automatic defect identification tool. The first step of this work was the development of a partial discharge measuring bench. The complete study has been performed in a GIS section, so that the results can be directly applied to industrial equipment. Two kinds of defect have been investigated: protrusions on the high-voltage conductor, and free metallic particles. The influence of parameters such as gas nature and pressure, voltage level and polarity has been evaluated. First, PD have been measured in conformity with the IEC 60270 standard, and the relevance of this method in a DC environment has been evaluated. Then, other measuring chains have been used to improve the characterization of partial discharges: a steady-state current measurement, a high-frequency current measurement, a light measurement and a measurement of Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) waves. Finally, a relevant signature for defect identification has been designed and extracted from DP recordings. A database has been constituted, and an automated recognition algorithm has been implemented.The results show that the conventional PD measurement technique is not fully adapted to partial discharges detection in DC, corona discharges being the most problematic situation. Nevertheless, this method has brought enough information to start the characterization of PD. The limitations of the conventional method have been explained thanks to the results of the other measurements. These other experimental results have led to an actual improvement of the characterization of protrusion and particle-generated partial discharges. An effective automated defect classification solution has been implemented. The signature is derived from the q(Δt) diagram that has been extracted from the data obtained with the partial discharge conventional measurement. The identification algorithm has a neural network structure
Benizri, David. „Epuration du biogaz à la ferme : EPUROGAS, une solution énergétique et économique d'avenir. Etude expérimentale et modélisation d'un procédé d'absorption de dioxyde de carbone avec de l'eau sous pression à une échelle industrielle“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiogas upgrading is a key technology for the renewable energy mix of tomorrow. Biogas is a mix of Carbon Dioxide (40%) and Methane (55%). It is obtained thanks to the anaerobic digestion of organic matter. The adapted High Pressure Water Scrubbing process was studied in this thesis. The process was installed in farm and operated at a real scale for upgrading biogas flows up to 40 Nm3/h. It is called EPUROGAS. Two main research axes were obtained with a preliminary study on a prototype: biogas leaks were detected at the water outlet and stripping water with air allowed both CH4 and CO2 production. Works have led through innovation with two patents: an enlarged column bottom and a static mixer to enhance CO2 desorption from water. During this work, experimental results were collected during operation and statistically studied. Thanks to theoretical studies, two predictive models were built to predict CO2 absorption efficiency and CH4 rate recover. Moreover, two complementary processes were studied. SATUROMETRIX is a laboratory apparatus that aims to characterize gas/liquid equilibrium under pressure for mixed gases and a complex liquid phase. PSA system is an adsorption process for biogas upgrading operating with biogas or half upgraded biogas. It leads to Compressed Natural Gas at 200 bars. Finally, EPUROGAS and PSA were coupled in order to conduct their energetic study and their Life Cycle Analysis
Arayro, Jack. „Etude théorique de bulles de gaz rares dans une matrice céramique à haute température : modélisation par des approches semi-empiriques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4117/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUranium dioxide UO2 is the standard fuel in nuclear pressurized water reactors (PWR). During the operation of the reactor the fuel pellets undergo thermal and mechanical stresses. For this reason it is very important to understand these thermomechanical properties of this system both in normal operation conditions and accidental situations (300 to 2000K). During fission reactions of uranium, rare gases such as xenon are produced within the fuel. Due to their low solubility, these gases will either be released or form intra- and inter-granular bubbles inside the UO2. The presence of these bubbles in the fuel has an impact on the thermomechanical properties of the latter. We focus in this thesis on the study of intragranularbubbles and their impact on the thermomechanical properties of UO2 , through modeling at the atomic scale. At this scale, intragranular bubbles take the shape of an octahedron, presenting mainly (111) and (100) facets. Given the complexity of the study of the stability of this octahedron, we have simplified the problem in order to study it in a more systematic way and to decouple the various effects. First, the stability of (100) and (111) extended surfaces of UO2 and microscructural modifications generated by their relaxation were studied. In a second step, we dermined adsorption isotherms of xenon on these relaxed surfaces, and compared them to the incorporation ones inside an empty box in order to isolate surface effects. A specific attention has been given to the microstructure of xenon in these systems. Finally, an analysis of the mechanical properties (pressure and stress profiles near by the surface)
Venet, Saphir. „Stockage du CO2 et séparation CO2/CH4 par des matériaux de silice à porosité et fonctionnalité contrôlées : étude expérimentale et modélisation de dynamique moléculaire“. Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to evaluate the performance of silica-based materials and to rationalize their synthesis according to their desired adsorption properties (capacity and/or selectivity) by combining experimental approaches and the management of the molecular animal. These materials are ideally suited for CO2 adsorption capacity but also CO2/ CH4 selectivity. The different stages of this work were:- the synthesis and functionalization of the silica materials,- their textural and chemical characterization,- the determination of CO2 adsorption capacities, of their CO2/ CH4 selectivity.- the characterizations by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques of tests to try to locate the adsorption of CO2 and to measure its mobility,- microscopic identification by the factor of physic-Factors influence the preferential adsorption of CO2 and its diffusivity in the role of hydrophilic / hydrophobic character in silica by functional.These objectives required the preparation of high specific surface materials through a simple sol-gel process. These materials have been modified in order to obtain a degree of functionalization with -CH3 groups sufficient to modify the hydrophilic nature of the material while maintaining a sufficient specific surface area. The influence of pore size was also probed.The adsorption capacities of the gases under pressure were carried out for pure gases but also on CO2/ CH4 mixtures in different proportions. The CH4/ CO2 selectivity, often estimated from the pure body isotherms and / or the IAST method, was in this case determined from the direct measurement of the isotherms of the gas mixtures. It has become apparent that water plays a crucial role in adsorption capacity and selectivity. This parameter is one of those studied through molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of the introduction of hydrophobic groups has also been explored.The results obtained by molecular dynamics are on the whole in good agreement with the experimental data. These two parallel experience / theory approaches have highlighted the selectivity of one of the materials for applications where the gaseous effluent is little loaded with CO2
Mallardeau, Catherine. „L'hydrogène atomique polarisé : interaction avec les films d'Helium : expérience de compression“. Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLecharlier, Aurore. „Caractérisation des composés trace dans le biogaz et biométhane : développement d'une méthode d'échantillonnage, de préconcentration in situ et d'analyse“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn pursuance of enhancing knowledge on biogas and biomethane’s trace compounds to help guarantee their sustainable integration in today’s European energy mix, a field sampling set-up enabling direct in situ preconcentration of non-metallic trace compounds in such gas samples at their pipe working pressure (up to 200 bara) was developed. Non-metallic trace compounds targeted in this work included alkanes (linear, cyclic, polycyclic), aromatics, terpenes, alkenes, halogenated organic species, oxygenated organic species (alcohols, aldehydes, esters, furans and ethers, ketones), siloxanes, organic and inorganic Sulphur-compounds. Firstly, state-of-the-art gas sampling and preconcentration techniques for the determination of trace compounds in gaseous matrices were reviewed. Based on this review, preconcentration was chosen to be performed on self-assembled multibed adsorbent tubes (MAT). The preconcentration system was elaborated and optimized in the laboratory: convenient commercial adsorbents were selected; procedures for the assembly and conditioning of new MAT were established; four MAT configurations were tested on their efficiency in adsorbing and releasing targeted trace compounds using certified synthetic gas mixtures containing targeted species at trace concentrations (1 ppmmol) in CH4 or N2 matrices. Analytes preconcentrated on MAT were recovered for analysis by thermal desorption (TD) of the tubes using a new TD prototype followed by gas chromatography (GC) hyphenated with mass spectrometry (MS) (TD-GC-MS). Secondly, the analytical method, and in particular the new TD prototype, was validated. The chromatographic resolution power of the new TD prototype was proved to be higher than that obtained from other well established preconcentration or GC-injection methods such as solid phase microextraction or direct headspace gas injection. Besides, GC-MS parameters were optimized to detect the broad range of trace compounds potentially found in biogas and biomethane.Thirdly, the use of a novel high-pressure tube sampling (HPTS) prototype was evaluated for the circulation of pressurized gases (up to 200 bara) through MAT for the direct high-pressure preconcentration of trace compounds from such gases. The HPTS was first validated in the laboratory using pressurized certified synthetic gas mixtures, and then used on field to sample compressed biomethane at a natural gas grid injection station at 40 bara.Subsequently, the field sampling chain was set-up and 6 field sampling campaigns were conducted where 6 different streams of landfill gas, biogas and biomethane were collected at a landfill plant and two anaerobic digestion plants treating diverse feedstocks. Trace compounds were qualitatively determined in all gas samples via the developed TD-GC-MS method. In a single sampling run and using limited gas volumes ranging 0.5 – 2 LN, a wide range of trace compounds in a variety of chemical families (alcohols, aldehydes, alkenes, aromatics, alkanes (linear, cyclic and polycyclic), esters, furans and ethers, halogenated species, ketones, Sulphur-compounds, siloxanes and terpenes) were identified. Variations in trace compounds composition were observed in the different gases sampled and potential correlations between feedstocks nature, implemented gas treatment processes and trace compounds determined were discussed. In particular, the substantial generation of the mono-terpene p-cymene and of other terpenes was evidenced for anaerobic digestion plants treating principally food-wastes. It is believed the shortened and high-pressure-proof field preconcentration procedure developed in this work can contribute facilitating field sampling operations for the determination of trace compounds in complex gas matrices such as biogas and biomethane
Li, Zhiling. „Décharge couronne dans l'hélium liquide et gaz dense sous champ électrique intense : pré-claquage, transport de charge, spectroscopie d'émission“. Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325797.
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