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DJAFAROV, BEHZOD, und ZAKIR ARIFDJANOV. „OF TURKISH ADJUSTMENTS IN THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE MORPHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT“. Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies 02, Nr. 02 (01.10.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ot/vol-01issue-02-08.
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The lexical composition of any national language, its total vocabulary, is a phenomenon that is formed throughout the entire historical development of this nation. The vocabulary of languages is enriched by internal and external resources. In most languages, internal resources are the main source of vocabulary replenishment. However, external factors also play a role. External factors include borrowing.Borrowing is the transfer of vocabulary from one language to another. They increase the vocabulary of the language, serving as a source of new stems, phrases and terms.The topic of "borrowing" is one of the most widely studied topics in lexicology. We can learn about the relationships between contacting nations through assimilation. Therefore, this topic is still the subject of research in many linguistic studies.When loanwords enter the language system, they go through several processes of adaptation. These adaptation processes can be phonetic, grammatical, semantic, graphic or stylish. Each adaptation is a separate topic and needs to be studied separately. Of these, grammatical adaptation, in particular morphological adaptation, is studied with particular interest. By this way, we can find out to what extent a foreign word has been borrowed to the language system.This article is devoted to the morphological adaptation of Turkic borrowings in Persian. In it, Turkic loanwords between independent word groups such as noun, adjective, form, number, and verb were studied, and the extent to which they adopted grammatical categories was studied.In particular, categories specific to the categories of words were considered, such as plural affixes, word formation and degrees of adjectives. Examples were taken from fiction and online materials to determine if loanwords are in use today. Examples have been given in sentence structure to better define the meaning of loanwords. Transcript and translation of sentences were also given as examples.
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Febriani, Fitri, Syahniar Syahniar und Zikra Zikra. „Permasalahan yang Dialami Lansia dalam Melakukan Penyesuaian Diri di Panti Sosial dan Implikasinya terhadap Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling (Studi Deskriptif terhadap Lansia di PSTW Sabai Nan Aluih Sicincin)“. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan 3, Nr. 1 (02.03.2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/112300.
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Changes that occur when entering old age requires a new kind of adjustment, that adjustments to themselves and to the environment. For the elderly who live in social institutions they require the ability to adjust to life in social institutions. In fact there are elderly people who do not have the ability to adapt in the social institutions. This study aims to determine the problems in the elderly make adjustments in social institutions. This research is descriptive. The sample of 31 people. The findings show that 1) 21.75% of elderly have problems in personal adjustment includes adjustments to the physical changes, and adjustments to the psychological condition, 2) 22.81% of elderly have problems in social adjustment includes adjustment of relationships with fellow residents, adjusting relationships with nursing board, adjustment of relationships with family, and adjustments to regulation of social institutions.
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Farahsani, Yashinta, und Margaretha Dharmayanti Harmanto. „MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECT IN TRANSLATING THERMODYNAMIC TERMINOLOGY“. LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 16, Nr. 2 (06.01.2022): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v16i2.12991.
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Several studies on translation have been carried out, namely on the problem of untranslation, translation of terms from various fields, and the formation of target language terms with spelling adjustments. One of them is the field of thermodynamics which is part of the field of Mechanical Engineering, which has many terms borrowed from Dutch and English. Therefore, the researchers are interested in investigating the morphological aspects of the translation of thermodynamic terms using the natural borrowing technique. This study used qualitative research methods. Researchers took terminology data from two books, namely The Fundamental of Engineering Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. The results showed that the forms of borrowing that occurred were (1) borrowing by adjusting spelling and pronunciation adjustments; (2) borrowing with spelling adjustment without pronunciation adjustment; (3) borrowing without spelling adjustment, but with pronunciation adjustment; (4) adjustments to the spelling of prefixes and bound forms found 15 forms of adjustment; (5) suffix spelling adjustments found 20 forms of adjustment; and (6) a combination of translation and borrowing. In short, morphological aspects in translating thermodynamics terms are very important because they relate to the technique used.
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SHANG, Jian, Xiao-dong LING, Yuan-chao LIU, Wei LIU, Xi-gang XIAO und Shao-hui YUAN. „Biomechanical effects of pedicle screw adjustments on the thoracolumbar burst fractures“. Chinese Medical Journal 126, Nr. 2 (20.01.2013): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122206.
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Background Posterior pedicle screw device is widely used in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. As the clinical operation is not based upon quantitative data of adjustments, the results are not optimal. At present, no study has assessed the associations between the device adjustments and the restoration of stiffness. We investigated the biomechanical effects that adjustments of a pedicle screw device had on the burst fracture, and explored an optimal adjustment. Methods Burst fractures were produced at L1 vertebra in 24 fresh calf spines (T12-L3). The specimens were divided into four groups at random. Pedicle screw devices were attached to T13 and L2. Four device adjustments, consisting of distraction and extension, were applied. Adjustment 1 was pure 6r extension, adjustment 2 was pure 5 mm distraction, adjustment 3 was 6° extension followed by 5 mm distraction, and adjustment 4 was 5 mm distraction followed by 6° extension. The effect of each adjustment on the stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression for the burst fractures was analyzed and evaluated. Results Pure extension (Group 1) produced the closest segment height and the least restoration of the canal to the intact. Pure distraction (Group 2) restored stiffness most, but with only 60% stiffness of the intact value, and lost the segmental angle most to the intact. The combination of extension-distraction (Group 3 and Group 4) produced the maximum reduction of the anatomy and restoration of the canal in the burst fracture, and the least stiffness restoration. The sequence of extension and distraction did not affect stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression. Conclusions The device adjustments affected stiffness restoration, anatomical reduction, and neural decompression. The combined extension-distraction adjustment may be the most suitable considering the anatomical reduction and neural decompression, but the stiffness decreased the most; it should be considered to reconstruct L1 vertebra.
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Shadare, Olusheyi A., und Samuel Emeka Mbah. „Adjustment Mechanisms of New Workers in Industrial Organisations: Implications for Nigerian Workers“. International Journal of Human Resource Studies 3, Nr. 3 (03.09.2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v3i3.4219.
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This paper adopted qualitative and theoretical method of analysis to describe adjustment mechanisms of new workers in industrial organisations in Nigeria. The purpose was to take a close theoretical analysis of different types and processes of new workers adjustments. The paper highlighted different typologies and processes of adjustments such as personal adjustment, labour–market adjustment, and adjustment to new structures, policies and new behaviours in work organisations. Empirical literature revealed that new workers adjust to work environment, to new labour policies such as pay and performance management, regular hours of work, work pressure, to new organisational structure as well as of collective bargaining outcome among others. The paper highlights reasons why work adjustments occur in organisations to include: Pay status, affiliation, ego, power, emotion and curiosity and these factors motivate new workers to increase commitment. The paper then concludes that practitioners and managers ultimately should seek to design adjustment strategies that take individual newcomer characteristics into consideration and encourage proactive behaviour such as information seeking that help facilitate the development of role clarity, self – efficacy, social acceptance and knowledge of organisational culture.
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Berg, Peter, Thomas Bosshard, Wei Yang und Klaus Zimmermann. „MIdASv0.2.1 – MultI-scale bias AdjuStment“. Geoscientific Model Development 15, Nr. 15 (05.08.2022): 6165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6165-2022.
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Abstract. Bias adjustment is the practice of statistically transforming climate model data in order to reduce systematic deviations from a reference data set, typically some sort of observations. There are numerous proposed methodologies to perform the adjustments – ranging from simple scaling approaches to advanced multi-variate distribution-based mapping. In practice, the actual bias adjustment method is a small step in the application, and most of the processing handles reading, writing, and linking different data sets. These practical processing steps become especially heavy with increasing model domain size and resolution in both time and space. Here, we present a new implementation platform for bias adjustment, which we call MIdAS (MultI-scale bias AdjuStment). MIdAS is a modern code implementation that supports features such as modern Python libraries that allow efficient processing of large data sets at computing clusters, state-of-the-art bias adjustment methods based on quantile mapping, and “day-of-year-based” adjustments to avoid artificial discontinuities, and it also introduces cascade adjustment in time and space. The MIdAS platform has been set up such that it will continually support development of methods aimed towards higher-resolution climate model data, explicitly targeting cases where there is a scale mismatch between data sets. The paper presents a comparison of different quantile-mapping-based bias adjustment methods and the subsequently chosen code implementation for MIdAS. A current recommended setup of the MIdAS bias adjustment is presented and evaluated in a pseudo-reference setup for regions around the world. Special focus is put on preservation of trends in future climate projections, and it is shown that the cascade adjustments perform better than the standard quantile mapping implementations and are often similar to methods that explicitly preserve trends.
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Ali, Asghar, Mushtaq Ahmad und Saifullah Khan. „Social and Academic Adjustment of the University Students“. Global Social Sciences Review III, Nr. III (30.09.2018): 378–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(iii-iii).21.
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The study finds relationship between social and academic adjustments of BS students in University of Sargodha Pakistan. A sample of 550 BS students was selected from different departments through multistage random sampling. Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) was adapted with permission to measure the social and academic adjustments of BS students which has acceptable value of reliability coefficient Cronbach Alpha 0.90 after analysis of pilot testing data. In this correlational study, data collected through survey were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means scores, standard deviation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The study finds majority of students have moderate level of social and academic adjustment; Male students have better social adjustment but both have equivalent academic adjustment; boarders have better social adjustment than day scholars, students of 2nd and 8 th semester had equal level of academic adjustment but 8 th semester students have better social adjustment than 2nd semester students. It is recommended that students are provided with the opportunities of group projects, seminars and guidance and counselling regarding values of university education.
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Geyer, Paul D. „Adjustment-seeking behavior: The role of political skill and self-efficacy in training students to be more actively engaged in their studies“. Active Learning in Higher Education 19, Nr. 3 (28.08.2017): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469787417721993.
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Some students cope with the conflicting demands of work, family, health, and college by engaging in adjustment-seeking behavior, whereby students try to persuade instructors to make the kinds of personalized adjustments needed to avoid the potential consequences of conflicts between academic responsibilities and their other responsibilities. Hypothesized here is that students’ adjustment-seeking behaviors are predicated by knowledge of students’ political skill and adjustment-seeking self-efficacy. Participants completed a survey measuring adjustment-seeking behavior, adjustment-seeking self-efficacy, and political skill. Multiple regression analysis revealed that students’ political skill and adjustment-seeking self-efficacy contributed significantly to the prediction of adjustment-seeking behavior, as hypothesized. Adjustment-seeking behavior was found to be more frequent among participating students with higher levels of political and self-efficacy skills. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Wiel, Scott A. Vander. „Optimal Discrete Adjustments for Short Production Runs“. Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 10, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 119–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800004216.
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Diameter measurements on successive metal hubs from a machining operation are modeled using a random walk with observation error and linear drift corresponding to tool wear. After producing and measuring a hub, the depth of the cutting tool on the lathe can be adjusted in integer multiples of 0.0001 inches. How should the tool be adjusted?An optimal discrete adjustment strategy is derived assuming that the lathe automatically corrects for deterministic tool wear. The objective is to minimize expected run costs proportional to the sum of squared diameter deviations from a target plus fixed charges for manual tool adjustments. The optimal strategy makes no manual adjustment if an estimate of the process mean is near target. Otherwise, an adjustment is made to return the estimated mean as near to target as possible within the adjustment resolution.The region where no adjustments are made widens near the end of the production run where adjustments have only short-term impact. The region converges as the number of remaining periods increases. Plots of expected run costs show that the extra cost of discreteness is small at high resolution but is substantial when the adjustment grid is coarse.
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TAKEDA, SHIRO, HORIE TETSUYA und TOSHI H. ARIMURA. „A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF BORDER ADJUSTMENTS UNDER THE CAP-AND-TRADE SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF THE JAPANESE ECONOMY“. Climate Change Economics 03, Nr. 01 (Februar 2012): 1250003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007812500030.
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Using a multi-region and multi-sector computable general equilibrium model, this paper evaluates the border adjustment policies of carbon regulations in Japan. We consider five types of border adjustments and examine their effects on the welfare, carbon leakage, and competitiveness of the Japanese energy-intensive trade-exposed (EITE) sectors. Our analysis shows that no single border adjustment policy is superior to the other policies in terms of simultaneously solving three primary issues: Welfare degradation, carbon leakage, and a loss of competitiveness in the EITE sectors. In addition, we show that export border adjustments are effective at restoring the competitiveness of Japanese exporters and reducing leakage. Our analysis also reveals that border adjustment in Japan significantly affects carbon leakage to China and the competitiveness of the iron and steel sectors. Finally, we show that border adjustments with and without consideration of indirect emissions have similar impacts, which indicates that the information regarding direct emissions is sufficient for implementing border adjustment in Japan.
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Verme-Gibboney, Catherine N., und Marcie J. Hursting. „Argatroban Dosing in Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia“. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, Nr. 7-8 (Juli 2003): 970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c443.
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OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate clinical experiences with argatroban dosing, particularly incremental dosage adjustments, during a clinical trial of argatroban anticoagulation in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). METHODS: Records of 304 patients with HIT administered argatroban during a prospective study were reviewed to determine each dose, incremental dosage adjustment, and duration of therapy. Dosing information (stratified by patient initial dose) and incremental adjustments (overall, and stratified by dose from which adjustment occurred) were summarized. The relationship between median incremental adjustments and adverse outcomes, including bleeding, was investigated. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-one (89%) patients received initial doses of 1.9–2.1 μg/kg/min (group B). Twenty-six (9%) patients were started at a lower dose. Group B's median (5–95th percentile) final dose was 1.6 (0.25–4.0) μg/kg/min. During a median of 6 days of argatroban therapy, patients underwent a median of 3.0 dosage adjustments using a median and mode incremental adjustment of 0.5 μg/kg/min (5–95th percentile, 0.1–2.0 μg/kg/min). Fifty-two (17%) patients required no dosage adjustment. Incremental adjustments decreased with decreasing current dose (e.g., median 0.25 μg/kg/min from doses of 0.26–0.75 μg/kg/min). Outcomes were similar between patients with no adjustment or with median incremental adjustments of ≤0.4, 0.41–0.75, or >0.75 μg/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this clinical experience, together with the established linear pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of argatroban, appropriate dosage increments may be proposed for argatroban-treated patients with HIT. Incremental adjustments of 0.5 μg/kg/min are reasonable for most patients. Smaller adjustments (e.g., 0.25 μg/kg/min) should be used when modifying lower doses, such as those recommended for use in hepatically impaired patients.
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Li, Jing, Di Liu und Mengyuan Cai. „Water pollution and administrative division adjustments: A quasi-natural experiment in Chaohu Lake, China“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 3 (31.03.2022): e0257067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257067.
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Administrative division adjustments, such as agglomerations, upgrading, and revocation, introduce a series of uncertain impacts on the social and economic development in administrative regions. Previous studies have focused more on the economic effects of administrative division adjustments, but in this paper, we also consider the environmental effects of such adjustments. In 2011, with the approval of the State Council, the prefecture-level Chaohu city was officially revoked, resulting in a county-level Chaohu city. One district and four counties under the jurisdiction of the original Chaohu city were placed under the jurisdiction of Hefei, Wuhu, and Ma’anshan. This adjustment made Chaohu Lake an inner lake of Hefei city. The administrative division adjustment of Chaohu Lake, China, is used as a quasi-natural experiment to explore the influence of such an adjustment on pollution control. The synthetic control method (SCM) is used in this study to evaluate the effect of the administrative division adjustment on the water quality indicators of Chaohu Lake. The following conclusions are drawn. First, after the administrative division adjustment, some water quality indicators, such as ammonia nitrogen, improved; however, other major pollution indicators, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO), worsened to varying degrees. Second, the results reveal that improper development ideas, excessive industrial expansion, and the shift in economic growth and environmental goals were problems after the adjustment. Returning to the original intention of the administrative division adjustment, rationalizing the Chaohu Lake management system and designing a sound and feasible accountability mechanism are fundamental measures for reducing pollution.
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Vionita, Shinta, und Rahmah Hastuti. „GAMBARAN COLLEGE ADJUSTMENT MAHASISWA BARU DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19“. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni 5, Nr. 1 (25.04.2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i1.9971.2021.
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College adjustment comes from adjustment, which means the adjustment of students to the environment in college. The way students adjust during the first year of college is a prediction of significant life events later in their college career. In college adjustments, there are four dimensions, including academic adjustment, social adjustment, personal emotional adjustment, and goal commitment institutional attachment. This study aims to find an overview of first year college students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study had 345 freshman college students as participants ranging in age from 18 to 25 who were studying at universities in Jakarta. The measuring instrument used was the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ). Based on the results of data processing carried out to describe college adjustment of first year college students during the Covid-19 pandemic using descriptive methods and different demographic data tests, it was found that college adjustments had differences in the gender of men and women, and had no differences in the type of college, age, faculty, and current residence. The results of this study can also be concluded that the dimension of goal commitment to institutional attachment has the highest mean value, followed by social adjustment, academic adjustment, and the lowest is personal emotional adjustment. This study also describes the high level of college adjustment based on its dimensions. College adjustment berasal dari adjustment yang artinya penyesuaian mahasiswa dengan lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Cara mahasiswa menyesuaikan selama tahun pertama kuliah merupakan prediksi peristiwa kehidupan yang signifikan di kemudian hari dalam karir perguruan tinggi. Dalam college adjustment, terdapat empat dimensi, antara lain academic adjustment, social adjustment, personal emotional adjustment, dan goal commitment institutional attachment. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum college adjustment mahasiswa baru di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini memiliki 345 partisipan mahasiswa baru dengan rentang usia antara 18 hingga 25 tahun yang berkuliah di perguruan tinggi di daerah Jakarta. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ). Berdasarkan hasil olah data yang dilakukan untuk menggambarkan college adjustment mahasiswa baru di masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan uji beda data demografi, didapatkan hasil bahwa college adjustment memiliki perbedaan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki maupun perempuan, serta tidak memiliki perbedaan pada jenis perguruan tinggi yang dipilih, usia, fakultas, dan tempat tinggal saat ini. Hasil penelitian ini juga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dimensi goal commitment institutional attachment memiliki nilai mean yang paling tinggi, disusul dengan social adjustment, academic adjustment, dan yang paling rendah adalah personal emotional adjustment. Penelitian ini juga menggambarkan tingkat tinggi rendahnya college adjustment berdasarkan dimensinya.
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Karjo, Clara Herlina. „When Equivalence is Not Enough: Translation Adjustments of Philosophical Text in Comic Form“. Humaniora 4, Nr. 1 (30.04.2013): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3420.
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The tenet of good translation is to achieve idiomatic equivalence. However, when the translation work is going to be published, there should be some adjustments, either lexical or structural. The reasons for adjustment might be various: for politeness, conciseness, etc. This article discusses the translation adjustments of a Chinese philosophical book: The Sayings of Zhuang Zi by comparing the original translation by the translator with the published book which has been edited by publisher’s editor. The objectives of this study are to find different types of translation adjustment made by the editor and to analyze the possible reasons for the adjustment.
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PhDRL, John Kit S. Masigan,. „Lived Experiences of Foreign Students towards the Development of a Language Adjustment Assessment Tool“. World Journal of Educational Research 6, Nr. 2 (05.03.2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v6n2p125.
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<p><em>As part of internationalization of higher education, student mobility has expanded over the past decade. Particularly, at St. Paul University Philippines, internationalization is established by hosting foreign students from Basic Education Unit to the Graduate School. Reviewed literature shows that foreign students across countries face a range of unique acculturation difficulties brought by language difference. However, none of these focused solely on language adjustment of foreign students. The researcher considered this particular space in sociolinguistics as a potential niche to occupy, with the aim of explicating the lived experiences of foreign students to develop a language adjustment assessment tool. This study used hermeneutical phenomenology in understanding the lived experiences of foreign students on language adjustment. Considering data saturation in the qualitative phase, the researcher involved 18 college foreign students using semi-structured one-on-one interview. The data were subjected to thematic structural analysis to find emerging themes. Based on such themes, the researcher developed a language adjustment assessment tool in the quantitative phase, which was pilot-tested to 76 medical foreign students and finally administered to 51 college foreign students using purposive-convenient sampling. Cohens Kappa was used to assess the instrument’s validity while Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability. Based on the findings of the study, more enablers affecting language adjustment of foreign students were identified than constraints. Moreover, four major themes emerged including Language-related General Living Adjustments, Language-related Academic Adjustments, Language-related Socio-Cultural Adjustments, and Language-related Psychological Adjustments. The developed language adjustment assessment tool was also evaluated to be fairly valid and reliable.</em></p>
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Yoshino, Naoyuki, Sahoko Kaji und Tamon Asonuma. „Adjustments of Capital Account Restrictions and Exchange Rate Regimes in East Asia“. Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 06, Nr. 03 (Oktober 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993315500155.
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This paper discusses adjustments of capital account restrictions and exchange rate regimes in East Asia. Monetary authorities have two options for these adjustments: Gradual adjustments and rapid adjustments. We analyze the costs and benefits for both adjustment options in each area, i.e., capital account restrictions and exchange rate regimes. The paper provides prominent country cases for each adjustment option to emphasize the benefits for policymakers. We then propose four transition policy options for East Asian countries aiming to relax capital account restrictions and increase flexibility in exchange rates from fixed regimes with capital account controls.
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Petteway, Ryan J. „Adjustment“. Health Promotion Practice 23, Nr. 5 (September 2022): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15248399221121119.
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The adult spine, aka backbone, is composed of 24 segments. Separately, each segment is incapable of animating our bodies. Communities of color, low-income communities, and other marginalized groups represent the backbone of the health equity research enterprise—it literally cannot exist without our bodies and what they are subjected to in the face of structural inequality. And more often than not, researchers believe they can break our bodies into discrete segments and somehow animate a body of literature capable of healing a whole us. This poem, as counternarrative and enactment of public health critical race praxis principles of “voice” and “disciplinary self-critique”, engages the spine as metaphor to name and render visible the epistemic and symbolic violences that prop up public health’s body of evidence/knowledge. In doing so, it challenges the field’s dominant knowledge production paradigm (e.g. positivist reductionism), and draws attention to the settlercolonial, racial-capitalist, and extractivist logics of racial and health equity discourses dominated by narratives produced by mostly White scholars and “health equity tourists”, often using complex statistical techniques to complete secondary quantitative analyses about health in communities they’ve never stepped a single foot in. Under this paradigm, scores of researchers/practitioners are led to believe that they can somehow come to “know” us via variables and models alone. This poem suggests that—more than anything else—this model of practice is what’s most in need of adjustment, and warrants a greater degree of ethical scrutiny than historically/presently afforded. To view the original version of this poem, see the supplemental material section of this article online.
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van de Walle, Nicolas, Rexford A. Ahene, Bernard S. Katz, Horace Campbell, Howard Stein, Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Rolph van der Hoeven et al. „Adjustment Alternatives and Alternatives to Adjustment“. African Studies Review 37, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1994): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524904.
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Bradshaw, Sarah. „From Structural Adjustment to Social Adjustment“. Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development 8, Nr. 2 (August 2008): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018108090638.
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Ruslan, Januar, und Dira Pramita. „Seasonal Variation and Its Impact on Rice Price Adjustment in Tasikmalaya City“. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2, Nr. 10 (25.10.2023): 4115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i10.6442.
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Changing marketing margins through speed of price adjustments is an indicator of efficient markets. This research analyzes differences in price adjustments according to rice quality based on production period in Tasikmalaya City. Data used is weekly price at wholesalers and retailers from January 2019 to January 2022. Analysis uses an independent sample t-test to compare rice price adjustments based on harvest and non-harvest times. Results show, price adjustment responses tend to be different, especially for low and medium-quality rice at harvest period, while premium quality shows same price adjustment response. During non-harvest period, price adjustment response tends to be same for all rice. Application of basic prices is not only at producer prices but also in other rice marketing channels especially at harvest period.
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Syed Sahuri, Sarifah Nurhanum, und Rachel Wilson. „International Student Adjustment Scale (ISAS): Toward a Holistic Understanding of Adjustment Experience“. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 9, Nr. 5 (24.05.2024): e002808. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v9i5.2808.
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Previous research has established that how students feel and make practical adjustments in international education settings is pivotal to their educational and personal progress. This study introduces the International Student Adjustment Scale (ISAS), a novel instrument designed to capture the multifaceted adjustment experience of international students abroad. Qualitative analysis of interviews and diaries (n=26) underscored the need for a more nuanced understanding of adjustment as a dynamic process encompassing academic, sociocultural, and psychological domains. Informed by existing adjustment theories and validated measures, we crafted a comprehensive 30-item scale – the ISAS. To assess its efficacy, the ISAS was administered to a cohort of Malaysian students studying in Australia (N=371). Exploratory Factor Analysis confirmed the presence of three distinct sub-scales: academic adjustment, sociocultural adjustment, and psychological adjustment, each containing two to three further factors. Additionally, the scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = .72 to .87). These results are encouraging for future research endeavours that delve deeper into the concept of international student adjustment. With further validation across diverse student populations, the ISAS holds significant potential as a tool for developing optimal learning environments and experiences that support successful student adjustment within the international higher education landscape.
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Glover, Scott, R. Chris Miall und Matthew F. S. Rushworth. „Parietal rTMS Disrupts the Initiation but not the Execution of On-line Adjustments to a Perturbation of Object Size“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929052880066.
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Previous studies have implicated the human parietal lobes in the on-line guidance of action. However, no study to date has examined at what stage in the on-line adjustment process do the parietal lobes play their most critical role. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied over the left intraparietal sulcus as participants reached to grasp a small or large illuminated cylinder. On some trials, the illumination could suddenly switch from the small to large cylinder, or vice-versa. Small–Large switches were associated with relatively early grip aperture adjustments, whereas Large–Small switches were associated with relatively late grip aperture adjustments. When rTMS was applied early in the movement, it disrupted on-line adjustments to Small–Large target switches, but not to Large–Small switches. Conversely, when rTMS was applied late in the movement, it disrupted adjustments to Large–Small target switches but not to Small–Large switches. The timing of the disruption by rTMS appeared linked to the initiation of the adjustment. It was concluded that the left parietal lobe plays a critical role in initiating an on-line adjustment to a change in target size, but not in executing that adjustment. The implications of these results for current views of on-line control are discussed.
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Wright, Arnold, und Sally Wright. „An Examination of Factors Affecting the Decision to Waive Audit Adjustments“. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9701200102.
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The value of audit services is determined by an auditor's ability to both (1) discover misstatements in the client's accounting system and (2) report those misstatements (DeAngelo [1981a, 1981b]). Audit adjustments reflect the auditor's discovery of a potential breach in the client's accounting system. The decision to waive an audit adjustment is important, since it can potentially lead to misleading financial statements. Waiving an adjustments) may also result in litigation and loss of auditor reputation. Despite its importance, we have very little empirical evidence on the decision to waive an adjustment. The purpose of this study is to initiate an understanding of the importance placed by auditors on a number of factors noted in the literature in determining whether a proposed audit adjustment is waived. The study reported here utilizes archival data gathered from actual audit engagements to examine variables that may explain the decision to waive an audit adjustment. The findings reveal that in addition to materiality, a number of factors appear to be considered, including directional impact on income, the nature of the adjustment (objective versus subjective), and size of the client. Finally, a number of adjustments exceeding materiality were waived, highlighting the need for future research to more fully understand factors affecting this important decision and to ensure that business decisions (e.g., client pressures) do not overly influence the auditor.
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Frey, Daniel D., Kevin N. Otto und Stan Taketani. „Manufacturing Block Diagrams and Optimal Adjustment Procedures“. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, Nr. 1 (01.10.1999): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1310329.
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This paper introduces a technique for modeling manufacturing systems using block diagrams. The blocks represent linear transformations of dimensionless noise vectors to normalized quality characteristic vectors. These block diagrams are used to model on-line adjustment procedures using generalized inverses. This adjustment strategy is shown to guarantee minimum quality loss as defined by Taguchi if the required adjustments have no active constraints, and is effective for coupled linear systems. The surface mount of large body packages serves as an example of the modeling techniques. Block diagrams of the surface mount process are developed for a production system incorporating on-line adjustments and for the same system without adjustments. Data from preproduction runs support the model’s predictions of bias, variance, and yield.
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İnce, Özgür Ş. „Why Do IPO Offer Prices Only Partially Adjust?“ Quarterly Journal of Finance 04, Nr. 03 (September 2014): 1450009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139214500098.
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This study develops a structural model of the initial public offering (IPO) pricing process that enables the estimation of adjustment rates for public and private pricing information gathered during bookbuilding. The estimated upward adjustment rate of public information is only 21%, significantly less than the 28% rate of private information. Adjustment rates decline towards the IPO date, especially for upward adjustments. The findings contradict information acquisition theories that predict a complete adjustment to public information and highlight the inefficiency of the IPO bookbuilding mechanism in handling new information even when information is publicly available and especially when it is favorable.
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YANG, LIN, CHEE-MENG CHEW, AUN-NEOW POO und TERESA ZIELINSKA. „REAL-TIME BIPEDAL WALKING GAIT ADJUSTMENT MODES BASED ON A TRUNCATED FOURIER SERIES MODEL“. International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 07, Nr. 01 (März 2010): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843610002003.
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This paper presents three basic bipedal walking gait adjustment modes: step-frequency, step-length and biped lower extremities' pattern adjustments. All the adjustment modes are based on a simple Fourier Series formulation named the Truncated Fourier Series (TFS) model which is newly proposed as a walking pattern generator. Making use of these three gait adjustment modes, bipedal walking can be modified in real-time according to the environment changes. In this paper, the developed gait adjustment modes have been studied by dynamic simulations. The results obtained show that stable walking on uneven terrains as well as human-like walking behaviors can be achieved.
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Nuzila Zahri, Trivae, Lia Mita Syahri, Syahrial Syahrial und Yarmis Syukur. „An Overview of Work Adjustment in Honorary Teachers“. BICC Proceedings 1 (18.09.2023): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/bicc.v1i1.21.
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Work adjustment is something that should be done by individuals when starting to enter the world of work. These adjustments may include adjustments to co-workers, rules at work, or something else. Various kinds of problems arise related to individual abilities when making work adjustments. The problems experienced by teachers with honorary status, tend to be that honorary teachers are not optimal in making work adjustments. This can be seen from the existence of honorary teachers who resigned from their jobs and the lack of harmony in relations with colleagues. The novelty in this study has not found previous articles that discuss the theory of work adjustment for honorary teachers. This research is to determine the level of work adjustment for honorary teachers in one of the high schools in Padang City. The research method used was a field study in the form of observation and interviews with two honorary counseling teachers. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the two counseling teachers who have honorary status at one of SMA X Padang City are in the pretty good category.
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Mohd Yusuf, Bibi Noraini. „Cross-Cultural Factors That Influence Adjustment Process of International Students in Malaysian Public Universities“. International Journal of Business and Management 4, Nr. 2 (15.04.2020): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.ijbm.2020.2.4.
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International students’ enrolment in higher education in Malaysia has expanded widely in scope, volume, and complexity, giving rise to a myriad of challenges and difficulties in their adjustment process, which have to be understood and addressed. In this study, the cross-cultural factors that influence psychological, socio-cultural, and self-realization adjustments amongst international students studying in Malaysian public universities were examined. The purpose of this research was to gauge a better understanding of the difficulties and challenges encountered by them when pursuing higher education opportunities in Malaysian public universities, and how they had managed to overcome the necessary adjustments. A research survey based on 31-item questionnaires was formulated. Stratified random sampling methodology was adopted in the distribution of 250 questionnaires, with a total of 218 responses received. Data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences’ software. The variables, socio-cultural adjustment, and self-realization adjustment showed negative correlations towards their adjustment process. The outcomes should enable university faculties and staff to recognize foreign students’ needs, and effectively offer supportive campus resources and services to assist them in their adjustment process.
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Hung, Chao-Chih, Tzung-Cheng Huan, Chun-Han Lee, Hsin-Mei Lin und Wen-Long Zhuang. „To adjust or not to adjust in the host country? Perspective of interactionism“. Employee Relations 40, Nr. 2 (12.02.2018): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-12-2016-0237.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of regulatory foci (promotion focus and prevention focus) to expatriate adjustments (general, interaction, and work adjustments) and explore whether mentoring functions (psychosocial support, role modeling, and career development) moderate the aforementioned relationship. Design/methodology/approach Using 141 questionnaired primary data (response rate 32.25 percent) gathered from at least six months experienced expatiates of multinational companies in six industries, this study adopts regression method to examine the moderating effect. Findings This study found that promotion focus was positively related to the interaction and work adjustment, respectively; prevention focus was positively related to the general, interaction, and work adjustment, respectively. Psychosocial support function moderates the relationship between promotion focus and general adjustment. Career development function moderates the relationships between promotion/prevention foci and work adjustment. Originality/value According to the interactionism perspective, behavior is a result of the interaction between personality and situational influences, has a long history in social and personality psychology. This study extends this perspective to the interactive effects of mentorship (situational factor) and expatriates’ regulatory foci (personality factor) on expatriate adjustment.
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Sartthong, Jesada, Suvepon Sittichivapak und Nitthita Chirdchoo. „Several Contention Window Adjustment Techniques for Improving Unsaturated throughput of Wireless LANs“. Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (Mai 2014): 952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.952.
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This paper proposes the several contention window adjustment schemes in backoff process as well-known backoff algorithm (BA) for improving the performance of wireless local area network (WLAN). In addition, this research introduces a new unsaturated discrete Markov chain model in fixed backoff stages and fixed contention window sizes technique (FBFC). The proposed contention window adjustment schemes are designed by applying the moment generating function concept in random variable and process theorem. Unsaturated throughput parameters are used to compare the performance of all contention window size adjustment techniques based on IEEE802.11b WLAN standards. The comparison results show that Bernoulli and Double adjustment schemes are good contention window size adjustments at light traffic load, and the Even contention window size adjustment operates well at high traffic load condition.
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Chen, Kevin C. W., Morris G. Danielson und Michael P. Schoderbek. „Analysts' Interpretation of Transitory Earnings Components: Evidence from Forecast Revisions after Disclosure of the 1993 Deferred Tax Adjustment“. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 18, Nr. 3 (Juli 2003): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x0301800303.
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This study examines analyst forecast revisions after the disclosure of firms' deferred tax adjustments following the U.S. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (OBRA), which raised the corporate income tax rate from 34 percent to 35 percent. This deferred tax adjustment was a one-time item, and should have had no effect on analyst estimates of future earnings. However, we find that forecast revisions issued after the disclosure of an income-decreasing deferred tax adjustment were positively related to the amount of the adjustment. The complexity of the deferred tax adjustment and the newness of SFAS 109 (which required the adjustment) may have contributed to the failure of analysts to properly interpret this one-time item when revising their earnings forecasts.
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Huang, Boyin, Wanqiu Wang, Chunying Liu, Viva Banzon, Huai-Min Zhang und Jay Lawrimore. „Bias Adjustment of AVHRR SST and Its Impacts on Two SST Analyses“. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32, Nr. 2 (Februar 2015): 372–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-14-00121.1.
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AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) observations from satellite-based Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument exhibit biases. Adjustments necessary for removing the AVHRR biases have been studied by progressive experiments. These experiments show that the biases are sensitive to various parameters, including the length of the input data window, the base-function empirical orthogonal teleconnections (EOTs), the ship–buoy SST adjustment, and a shift in grid system. The difference in bias adjustments due to these parameters can be as large as 0.3°–0.5°C in the tropical Pacific at the monthly time scale.The AVHRR bias adjustments were designed differently in the daily optimum interpolation SST (DOISST) and the Extended Reconstructed SST datasets that ingest AVHRR SSTs (ERSSTsat). The different AVHRR bias adjustments result in the differences in SST datasets in DOISST and ERSSTsat. Comparisons show that the SST difference between these two datasets results largely from the difference in the AVHRR bias adjustments and little from SST analysis methods in the Niño-3.4 region, as well as in the global oceans. For example, the average difference of the Niño-3.4 SSTs between DOISST and ERSSTsat is approximately 0.12°C due to the bias adjustments and is about 0.01°C due to the analysis methods.This study finds that the DOISST datasets can be improved by using the revised AVHRR bias adjustment of a wider input data window, updated EOTs, and a shifted grid system in DOISST. Improvements can also be made by including a ship–buoy SST adjustment, a zonal SST adjustment, or revised EOTs without damping in the high latitudes in ERSSTsat.
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Aljamali, Fawzia A. „Martial Adjustments in Omani Husbands and wives in the Light of Some Variables“. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol2iss1pp76-97.
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This study aimed to compare Omani husbands and wives perceptions about marital adjustment and investigate the effect of their age, period of marriage and getting children on their marital adjustments. The randomly selected sample included 162 (81 husbands and 81 wives). The researcher designed and validated a scale to measure marital adjustments for Omani husbands and wives and administrated it to the sample. The results of the study showed that there was no effect of the period of marriage or getting children on marital adjustment of husbands and wives. There were significant differences in marital adjustment due to age in favour of those who are at the age of 41 years and older. Conclusions were made based on the results of the study.
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Aljamali, Fawzia A. „Martial Adjustments in Omani Husbands and wives in the Light of Some Variables“. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol2iss1pp76-97.
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This study aimed to compare Omani husbands and wives perceptions about marital adjustment and investigate the effect of their age, period of marriage and getting children on their marital adjustments. The randomly selected sample included 162 (81 husbands and 81 wives). The researcher designed and validated a scale to measure marital adjustments for Omani husbands and wives and administrated it to the sample. The results of the study showed that there was no effect of the period of marriage or getting children on marital adjustment of husbands and wives. There were significant differences in marital adjustment due to age in favour of those who are at the age of 41 years and older. Conclusions were made based on the results of the study.
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Amedu, Amos Nnaemeka, und Veronica Dwarika. „Teachers’ Feedback Practices, Students’ Engagement and Academic Adjustment: Moderating Effects of Gender“. International Journal of Home Economics, Hospitality and Allied Research 2, Nr. 2 (06.12.2023): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.57012/ijhhr.v2n2.003.
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This study developed a structural path model that explained economics students’ academic adjustments using teachers’ feedback and students’ engagement, taking cognisance of the moderating effects of students’ gender. This study used a correlational research design. Through random sampling, 150 participants were recruited for this study. The data collection instruments used were questionnaires on teachers’ oral and written feedback, students’ engagement, and academic adjustments. Model fitness tests were established using Partial Least Square statistical tools. Research questions were answered using path diagrams and path coefficients. The study revealed that the most meaningful recursive structural model that explains students’ academic adjustment in economics as moderated by their gender is a model involving teachers’ feedback practices and students’ engagement. This study revealed that the combined effects of teachers’ oral and written feedback and students’ academic engagement accounted for 93% of variations in students’ academic adjustment. Similarly, teachers’ feedback practices accounted for 85% of variations in students’ academic engagement. Finally, students’ gender was a significant moderator of the relationship between teachers’ feedback practices, students’ engagement, and academic adjustments. This study is significant because it is the first of its kind to develop a structural moderating effect of gender on the relationship between teachers’ feedback practices, students’ engagement, and academic adjustment. This study recommends that economics teachers use feedback that stimulates students’ engagement to enhance academic adjustment. In addition, school administrators should train and retrain economics teachers on effective and sufficient feedback practices for enhancing students’ academic adjustment.
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Kim, Yong Mi, und Jinbae Kim. „Employee Adjustment Costs and Asymmetric Cost Behavior“. Academic Society of Global Business Administration 19, Nr. 6 (31.12.2022): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.38115/asgba.2022.19.6.272.
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The managerial accounting literature suggests that adjustment costs lead to asymmetric cost behavior. Previous studies show that labor adjustment costs are the significant factor that drives asymmetric cost behavior. However, empirical proxies for labor adjustments costs have several limitations. This study suggests that CEO-to-worker pay disparity and the labor share as a new proxy for labor adjustment costs and substantiates that labor adjustment costs play a significant role in determining asymmetric cost behavior. Our proxies for adjustment costs represent the effectiveness of labor cost management and labor productivity. Prior studies suggest that large CEO-to-worker pay disparity indicates effective labor cost management. We find that lower CEO-to-worker pay disparity and higher labor income share are associated with greater cost stickiness. In additional tests, we find that the effect of adjustment costs is more significant for firms disclosing ESG grades and firms with higher ESG grades.
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Liu, Liping, Yizhong Ma und Yiliu Tu. „Multivariate setup adjustment with fixed adjustment cost“. International Journal of Production Research 51, Nr. 5 (März 2013): 1392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2012.693640.
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Andersen, Torben M. „Adjustment costs and price and quantity adjustment“. Economics Letters 47, Nr. 3-4 (März 1995): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(94)00576-n.
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HUANG, Changjun, Hongmei XIA und Xike ZHANG. „Multiple-group adjustment method in indirect adjustment“. TURKISH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS 43, Nr. 1 (18.01.2019): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/mat-1808-6.
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Wu, Jun, und Hua Fei Jia. „Study on Adjustment Evaluation of Locomotive Affair Productivity Layout“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 2120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.2120.
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In order to evaluate the effect of locomotive affair productivity layout adjustment,based on the analysis and establish the maintenance productivity layout adjustment, on the basis of evaluation index system, build the evaluation model,and since 2006,in guangzhou railway group locomotive productivity layout adjustments as an example to verify the feasibility and the practicability of the index system and model.Results show that this model can better to evaluate the effect of locomotive affair productivity layout adjustment, has a certain significance.
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Li, Jingdong, und Yu Huang. „Subjective Preferences and Discomfort Ratings of Backrest and Seat Pan Adjustments at Various Speeds“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 4 (15.02.2021): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041721.
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Power seats (i.e., electrically adjustable seats that can be designed to move in several ways) have become increasingly common in airplanes, vehicles, and offices. Many studies have investigated the effects of seat attitude parameters, for example, the inclined angles of a backrest, on discomfort during the adjustment process. However, few studies have considered discomfort under different speeds during the adjustment process. In this study, we investigated discomfort with three speeds (i.e., “fast”, “median”, and “slow” corresponding to three durations of 15, 20, and 25 s, respectively) and two adjustments of a power seat, i.e., incline angle adjustment of the backrest and fore-and-aft position adjustment of the seat pan. We also investigated the effects of different physiological parameters on subjects’ discomfort. Twenty-four subjects (12 males and 12 females) completed a questionnaire to indicate their adjustment condition preferences, to rate their overall discomfort during the adjustment processes on a category-ratio scale, and to rate their local body discomfort. The majority of subjects preferred the fast speed adjustment condition and the trend was that a lower backrest adjustment speed increased discomfort during the process. The dominant local discomfort was in the upper and lower back regions during the backrest adjustment, whereas there was no obvious dominant local discomfort during the seat pan adjustment. The physiological parameters also had significant correlations with discomfort in some adjustment movements, for example, the discomfort was negatively correlated with height during the backrest adjustment.
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Chen, Lianmeng, Yijie Liu, Yihong Zeng, He Zhang und Yiyi Zhou. „Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Research on the Adjustment for Pre-Stress Deviation of the Cable-Bar Tensile Structures“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 12 (21.06.2021): 5744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125744.
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Construction errors are unavoidable in actual cable-bar tensile structures. Construction error analysis, evaluation, and especially adjustment theories were still in their infancy. For the improvement of the situation, based on the equilibrium equation, physical equation, and geometric equation for pin-joint structures, the member length deviation was adopted as the variable, and the relationship between the pre-stress deviation and member length deviation was determined. On this basis, an adjustment method was devised for the pre-stress deviations under three different conditions, and an evaluation of the effectiveness for pre-stress deviation adjustment was proposed. Finally, a 5-m diameter cable-bar tensile structure model was designed and constructed for simulation. The research results demonstrated that the adjusted pre-stress deviations of measuring points can be effectively corrected, and the theoretical results generally coincided with the experimental results. The adjustment effects of pre-stress deviation varied with the number of adjustment cables, and the adjustment effectiveness gradually decreased with the reduction of the number of adjustment cables. Different adjustment schemes produced different structural deformations, and it was necessary to prioritize the adjustment scheme that resulted in lower peak values of internal forces and shape changes during the adjustment process. The research results indicated that the correctness and validity of the proposed error analysis and adjustment method of pre-stress deviation, and its practical application in the guidance of construction errors analysis, pre-stress deviation adjustments, and evaluation of adjustment results of actual pretension structures.
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Frederick, Shane W., und Randall M. Peterman. „Choosing fisheries harvest policies: when does uncertainty matter?“ Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, Nr. 2 (01.02.1995): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-030.
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Fisheries harvest policies are formulated under uncertainty because estimates of stock abundance and biological parameters are imprecise. However, allowable harvests are often based solely on point estimates of these quantities, essentially ignoring uncertainty. Some fishery scientists have advocated adjusting harvest levels downward to account for uncertainty, but few formal methods have been developed to determine how large these "uncertainty adjustments" should be. We describe an age-structured simulation model that explicitly incorporated uncertainty in parameters of the stock–recruitment relationship, errors in abundance estimates, and year-to-year variability in recruitment and calculated which uncertainty adjustment was optimal in terms of expected discounted yield. The optimal adjustment varied considerably, depending on the stock and harvest policy simulated. The increase in expected value from incorporating the adjustment into the harvest policy was usually small, except when we modeled a biological "threshold", where overharvests could lead to an irreversible stock collapse. Therefore, while our analysis suggests that basing harvest decisions solely on the best point estimates may often be an approximately optimal strategy, it also indicates that large adjustments may sometimes be appropriate. Consequently, fishery managers should avoid making arbitrary adjustments for uncertainty, and instead derive the optimal adjustment for each situation.
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DeZoort, F. Todd, Richard W. Houston und Dana R. Hermanson. „Audit Committee Member Support for Proposed Audit Adjustments: A Source Credibility Perspective“. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 22, Nr. 2 (01.09.2003): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2003.22.2.189.
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This study reports the results of an experiment that investigates the effects of financial-report timing, EPS proximity to analyst forecast, and external auditor argument consistency on audit committee members' support for a proposed audit adjustment. We use source credibility theory to predict greater support for the audit adjustment when the financial report is at year-end rather than at interim, when unadjusted EPS is above rather than below forecast, and when the auditor consistently argues for adjustment rather than agrees with management's preference to avoid adjustment. One hundred thirty-one audit committee members participated in a between-subjects experiment. Consistent with theory, the participants were more likely to recommend adjustment for annual statements and for adjustments that the auditor consistently supported. Two significant interactions indicate that the effect of report timing holds only in the under forecast and inconsistent auditor conditions. Finally, audit committee members who were CPAs were less likely to recommend adjustment. We discuss implications and future research directions.
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Elliott, Robert P., und Yanjun Qiu. „Analysis of Contractor Pay Adjustment Schedule Using Simulation“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1544, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154400113.
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A common provision in quality control/quality assurance construction contracts is the adjustment of the contractor's pay on the basis of the quality of the construction. The expected impact of the provision on the pay should be examined to ensure that the adjustments are neither unduly severe nor excessively lenient. Most pay adjustment plans have been developed around a quality index by using a percent defective approach. Analyses of these plans are complex but reasonably well defined. Other plans, however, are more complex and do not lend themselves to direct analysis. These plans can be examined by computer simulation. The use of computer simulation to examine a complex pay adjustment provision is demonstrated. The analyses show that simulation can reveal that a pay adjustment schedule behaves differently than it appears on the surface. For example, the schedule examined bases pay solely on averages and appears to ignore construction variability. The analyses, however, demonstrate that the pay adjustments are at least as sensitive to construction variability as they are to construction averages. It is also shown that the simulation process can provide a better, more detailed examination of the pay schedule than is possible by simply determining the expected pay. In particular, the simulation process can provide an indication of the variability of pay at various quality levels and can identify the factors most responsible for pay adjustments.
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Khaliullin, Damir, Alexandr Belinsky, Ayrat Valiev, Ruslan Lukmanov und Gaston Bourges. „Optimization of plow adjustment“. BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700103.
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Optimization of plow adjustment is very important for national economy, especially in solving problems of increasing agricultural production and reducing energy consumption during plowing. One of the ways to optimize the plow adjustment is to reduce the friction forces of the plow from pressure on the bottom of the furrow and the walls of the furrow. To optimize the configuration of the plow, various methods and techniques are proposed and used that have certain advantages and disadvantages. One of the promising directions of reducing the friction forces of the plow is a dynamic method that uses adjustments of specific devices of the plow and tractor linkage mechanisms. However, one of the significant drawbacks of these adjustments is the shift of the tractor traction point from the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the tractor. The accepted working hypothesis and the studies of the process dynamics made it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the calculated and structural displacement of the tractor thrust point from the resistance line of the plow, as well as to develop recommendations for manufacturers of plows and agricultural tractors.
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OLTHOFF, J. C., G. H. CROW und G. W. RAHNEFELD. „EFFECTS OF YEARLING WEIGHT SELECTION IN SHORTHORN BEEF CATTLE ON AGE-OF-DAM ADJUSTMENT FACTORS“. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, Nr. 3 (01.09.1990): 963–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-116.
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Lines within a breed which differ in their level of performance may require different age-of-dam adjustment factors in the same way that different breeds do. Age-of-dam adjustments calculated from a control and a yearling weight selection line indicated lower values in the selected line for calf birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight for 2- and 4-yr-old dams. Trends for adjustment factors in each line over time were generally not significant but tended to diverge. Age-of-dam adjustment factors within a breed may need to be reevaluated at intervals as levels of performance change. Key words: Beef cattle, age of dam adjustment, selection, yearling weight
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Soom, Annika. „Does the European Union Primary Law Require Member States to Make Corresponding Adjustments?“ EC Tax Review 29, Issue 2 (01.03.2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2020011.
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Although for the time being the directive on tax dispute resolution mechanisms in the European Union has been transposed to the national legislation of majority of Member States and there is an effective solution for transfer pricing disputes, the taxpayers may need a faster solution for double taxation arising from transfer pricing adjustments. As the double tax burden undermines the internal market, this article analyses whether the European Union primary law could provide taxpayers with a solution. The potential requirement to make a corresponding downward adjustment is analysed in the light of freedom of establishment; moreover, considering the Belgium excess profit scheme, it is also examined whether State aid rules might require a corresponding upward adjustment. Transfer pricing, corresponding adjustment, Belgium excess profit, Article 9, upward adjustment, downward adjustment, profit shifting, double taxation, European Union primary law, OECD
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Al-Hendawi, Maha. „Self-esteem and behavioral problems of adolescents: the mediating role of school adjustment“. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 17, Nr. 11 (30.11.2022): 4246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i11.7951.
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Identifying factors that affect emotional and behavioral difficulties in adolescents is crucial for ameliorating these conditions and their negative impact as well as reducing the prevalence of these disorders. Self-esteem and school adjustment are two crucial but understudied factors that may significantly influence adolescents' sense of self and propensity to behavioral problems. In this study, 519 adolescents were examined for self-esteem and school adjustment in relation to emotional and behavioral difficulties, using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, School Adjustment Scale, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The majority of students in this study had average or high self-esteem. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant relationships between self-esteem, school adjustment, and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, path analysis showed that school adjustment mediated the association between self-esteem and behavioral problems. Keywords: emotional and Behavioral difficulties, behavioral disorders, self-esteem, school adjustments, adolescents.
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Agarwal, Mayank. „A 2023 nationwide study on adjustment disorder among first year MBBS students in India“. Bioinformation 20, Nr. 2 (29.02.2024): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300200190.
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Amidst the complex transition to medical college, encompassing a myriad of academic, social, and personal adjustments, MBBS students in India confront multifaceted challenges that can precipitate adjustment disorder, a phenomenon understudied within the Indian context. Therefore, it is of interest to assess adjustment disorder among first-year MBBS students within six months of enrolment. We used a Google form encompassing adjustment disorder new-module 20 for data collection and found that 67% of the 401 responses from first-year medical students exhibited adjustment disorder. The top stressors identified included time pressure, work pressure, financial problems, moving to a new home, and termination of important leisure activities. Female gender, age group 21-25, conflicts in working life, financial problems, own serious illness, family conflicts, pressure to meet deadlines, and excessive workload showed significant associations with adjustment disorder.