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Dissertationen zum Thema „Adaptive housing“
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1
Ashkinadze, Rimma. „Urban squatting: an adaptive response to the housing crisis“. Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1313773440.
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2
Li, Jinke. „Essays in business cycles : housing market, adaptive learning, and credit market imperfections“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29396/.
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In this thesis, we focus on the housing sector, which is important to the economy but is under-researched in business cycles analysis. We discuss several housing sector related issues in dynamics stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. To begin with, we conduct a sensitivity analysis using a simple DSGE model with the feature of sticky prices and a fixed housing supply, which is similar with the basic model in Iacoviello (2005) but with representative agents. Then we introduce credit market imperfections in two different ways. The first case is referred to as 'borrowing to invest', in which entrepreneurs take loans and accumulate production housing, which is a factor of production. We observe the financial accelerator (or decelerator) effect since their borrowing is related to output directly. The second case is referred to as 'borrowing to live', in which impatient households take loans to buy housing and gain utility from it. In contrast with the first case, we do not find the financial accelerator (or decelerator) effect, since the borrowing is not directly related to output anymore. First, we add a variable housing supply, thus we can discuss the supply side effect in the housing market, including both the direct effect and the feedback effect. The direct effect is the impact of a housing technology shock, and the feedback effect is the impact of a change in new housing production, which is caused by other shocks. We find, however, that the magnitudes of these two effects are negligible under the standard setting of the housing market that is commonly used in the literature of DSGE model with housing, such as Davis and Heathcote (2005), Iacoviello and Neri (2010). The key assumption in the standard setting is that every household trades housing in a given period. An empirical examination of the U.S. housing sector suggests us to (i) re-construct the housing market and (ii) introduce the feature of time to build to new housing production. After constructing the new setting for the housing market by introducing the probability of trading housing, we find that (i) the steady state ratios from the model are consistent with their empirical targets and (ii) the magnitudes of both the direct effect and the feedback effect are 60 times larger. Furthermore, the feature of time to build, together with the new setting of the housing market, allows us to observe overshooting behaviour on the real house price. Second, we discuss the impact of the assumption of adaptive learning, as we are convinced that the house price bubble is partially contributed by this alternative way of forming expectations. After writing the Nottingham Learning Toolbox1, we find that, given the AR(l) learning model, in which variable is forecasted using its own lagged terms, the adaptive learning mechanism largely amplifies and propagates the effects of a goods sector technology shocks to the economy, and also, enlarges the impact of the time to build feature on the real house price. Furthermore, our sensitivity analysis shows that the values of initial beliefs are important to the mechanism but forecasting errors are not if the constant gain coefficient is small. Then we consider the assumption of heterogeneous expectations. From the impulse response analysis, we find that (i) the adaptive learning mechanism also has amplification and propagation effects to the economy when only a fraction of the population are learning agents; (ii) when two types of agents have equal weights, the impulse responses from heterogeneous expectations are much closer to those from rational expectations than those from adaptive learning; (iii) when rational agents are fully rational, the adaptive learning mechanism has larger amplification and propagation effects on the economy than when rational agents are partially rational. From the sensitivity analysis, We find that fully rational agents always have larger impacts on model variables than partially rational agents. Finally, we introduce credit market imperfections to the housing market, thus the mortgage market subjects to a costly verification problem. Our empirical analysis suggests that, while the default rate is countercyclical, the loan to value ratio is procyclical. Our impulse response analysis shows that, given a positive goods sector technology shock, the default rate is counter cyclical, but the loan to value ratio is also countercyclical. The reason we suppose is that, in our model, credit constrained households have less housing in an economic upturn, thus the volume of loans they receive also decreases, leading to a fall in the loan to value ratio. Moreover, we illustrate that, when the mean of the idiosyncratic shock is time-invariant, we always have a positive relation between the default rate and the loan to value ratio. In order to overcome this co-movement, we show that a time-varying mean is necessary. 1 The Nottingham Learning Toolbox is a series of Matlab files that can solve a general form of DSGE models under adaptive learning and heterogeneous expectations. The toolbox solves the model using the Klein's QZ decomposition method, and facilitates the impulse response analysis. The Cambridge Learning Toolbox provides helpful reference for this toolbox at the initial stage.
3
Hatter, Michael. „The Highly Adaptive House: A Modular System for Better Living“. Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1179346730.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Advisor: Michael McInturff . Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 30, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Modular Housing. Includes bibliographic references.
4
Janse, van Rensburg Gerhard. „‘The halfway house’ - temporary housing and production facility for parolees in Pretoria West“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29702.
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Considering the permanent nature of the built environment, this dissertation investigates an alternative approach towards static architecture. Allowing the building’s users the ability to alter and determine their own environments due to ever evolving social needs. This architectural approach is thereafter metaphorically condensed to formulate a programme between isolation (prison) and freedom (society), where parolees are temporarily housed and given the opportunity to implement the production skills that were developed in prison. Allowing these parolees a second chance for redemption and the opportunity to ‘give back to society’ through the production process of recyclable waste into new sustainable products. The architectural concept should be understood in various different time scales over which the building changes, thus designing for disassembly by utilising a modular and kit-of-parts approach.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted
5
Kang, DongJoo. „Adaptive Re-use of Abandoned Structure - A Holistic Urban Experiment“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1176.
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Availability of good housing may no longer be an important issue for most U.S. citizens. Nowadays most are well housed and the problems confronting those who are not- except in the case of the homeless- are not highly visible. During the last decade, old warehouses in downtown Richmond, Virginia have been converted to new uses as restaurants, apartments, and offices. This reuse of old buildings has brought more people to the downtown area, making streets safer for pedestrians and residents than when the areas were abandoned. However, these well-designed and newly renovated apartments are not for everyone, especially low and moderate-income households because of the high rental costs.This thesis design provides a model for enhancing the character and diversity of low-income-family housing by transforming an abandoned urban structure in downtown Richmond into a holistic living environment.
6
Agee, Philip Ryan. „A Macroergonomics Path to Human-centered, Adaptive Buildings“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102751.
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Human-building relationships impact everyone in industrialized society. We spend approximately 90% of our lives in the built environment. Buildings have a large impact on the environment; consuming 20% of worldwide energy (40% of U.S. energy) annually. Buildings are complex systems, yet architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals often perform their work without considering the human factors that affect the operational performance of the building system. The AEC industry currently employs a linear design and delivery approach, lacking verified performance standards and real-time feedback once a certificate of occupancy is issued. We rely on static monthly utility bills that lag and mask occupant behavior. We rely on lawsuits and anecdotal business development trends as our feedback mechanisms for the evaluation of a complex, system-based product. The omission of human factors in the design and delivery of high performance building systems creates risk for the AEC industry. Neglecting an iterative, human-centered design approach inhibits our ability to relinquish the building industry's position as the top energy consuming sector. Therefore, this research aims to explore, identify, and propose optimizations to critical human-building relationships in the multifamily housing system.
This work is grounded in Sociotechnical Systems theory (STS). STS provides the most appropriate theoretical construct for this work because 1) human-building interactions (HBI) are fundamentally, human-technology interactions, 2) understanding HBI will improve total system performance, and 3) the interrelationships among human-building subsystems and the potential for interventions to effect the dynamics of the system are not currently well understood. STS was developed in the 1940's as a result of work system design changes with coal mining in the United Kingdom. STS consists of four subsystems and provides a theoretical framework to approach the joint optimization of complex social and technical problems. In the context of this work, multidisciplinary approaches were leveraged from human factors engineering and building construction to explore relationships among the four STS subsystems. An exploratory case study transformed the work from theoretical construct toward an applied STS model. Data are gathered from each STS subsystem using a mixed-methods research design. Methods include Systematic Review (SR), a descriptive case study of zero energy housing, and the Macroergonomics Analysis and Design (MEAD) of three builder-developers. This work contributes to bridging the bodies of knowledge between human factors engineering and the AEC industry. An output of this work is a framework and work system recommendations to produce human-centered, adaptive buildings.
This work specifically examined the system inputs and outputs of multifamily housing in the United States. The findings are supportive of existing scientific society, government, and industry standards and goals. Relevant standards and goals include the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) Macroergonomics and Environmental Design Technical Groups, International Energy Agency's Energy in Buildings ANNEX 79 Occupant Behavior-Centric Building Design and Operation, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Research to Market Plan and zero energy building goals of the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).Doctor of Philosophy
7
Agee, Philip. „A Macroergonomics Path to Human-centered, Adaptive Buildings“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102751.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Human-building relationships impact everyone in industrialized society. We spend approximately 90% of our lives in the built environment. Buildings have a large impact on the environment; consuming 20% of worldwide energy (40% of U.S. energy) annually. Buildings are complex systems, yet architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals often perform their work without considering the human factors that affect the operational performance of the building system. The AEC industry currently employs a linear design and delivery approach, lacking verified performance standards and real-time feedback once a certificate of occupancy is issued. We rely on static monthly utility bills that lag and mask occupant behavior. We rely on lawsuits and anecdotal business development trends as our feedback mechanisms for the evaluation of a complex, system-based product. The omission of human factors in the design and delivery of high performance building systems creates risk for the AEC industry. Neglecting an iterative, human-centered design approach inhibits our ability to relinquish the building industry's position as the top energy consuming sector. Therefore, this research aims to explore, identify, and propose optimizations to critical human-building relationships in the multifamily housing system.
This work is grounded in Sociotechnical Systems theory (STS). STS provides the most appropriate theoretical construct for this work because 1) human-building interactions (HBI) are fundamentally, human-technology interactions, 2) understanding HBI will improve total system performance, and 3) the interrelationships among human-building subsystems and the potential for interventions to effect the dynamics of the system are not currently well understood. STS was developed in the 1940's as a result of work system design changes with coal mining in the United Kingdom. STS consists of four subsystems and provides a theoretical framework to approach the joint optimization of complex social and technical problems. In the context of this work, multidisciplinary approaches were leveraged from human factors engineering and building construction to explore relationships among the four STS subsystems. An exploratory case study transformed the work from theoretical construct toward an applied STS model. Data are gathered from each STS subsystem using a mixed-methods research design. Methods include Systematic Review (SR), a descriptive case study of zero energy housing, and the Macroergonomics Analysis and Design (MEAD) of three builder-developers. This work contributes to bridging the bodies of knowledge between human factors engineering and the AEC industry. An output of this work is a framework and work system recommendations to produce human-centered, adaptive buildings.
This work specifically examined the system inputs and outputs of multifamily housing in the United States. The findings are supportive of existing scientific society, government, and industry standards and goals. Relevant standards and goals include the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) Macroergonomics and Environmental Design Technical Groups, International Energy Agency's Energy in Buildings ANNEX 79 Occupant Behavior-Centric Building Design and Operation, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America Research to Market Plan and zero energy building goals of the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).Doctor of Philosophy
8
Lawrence, Tyson T. (Tyson Tiffany) 1979. „Chassis + infill : a consumer-driven, open source building approach for adaptive, mass customized housing“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89903.
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9
Schweitzer, Lindsay. „Abandoned Shopping Malls: An Opportunity for Affordable, Supportive Housing in Suburbia“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554120564514838.
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10
Holmberg, Daniel. „Obsolescence - affordable adaptive reuse“. Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279047.
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This thesis departures from the urgency to reinterpret the role of the architect. Our job’s main mission can no longer be to supply ideas for cradle to grave type of production. The only way to harmonize our needs with the planetary limits is through a paradigm shift towards reshaping existing materials, infrastructure, and constructions. How could architects better inform and convey their expertise regarding construction, material qualities, and cultural values, in a constructive, forward-looking way? By working hands-on with preexisting contexts and buildings we want to learn the craft of adaptive reuse. This thesis has resulted in a case study of a former hardware store, called Järnbolaget, in the small urban outpost Torsby in the north of Värmland.
11
Pustina, Petter. „Obsolescence - affordable adaptive reuse“. Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280717.
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This thesis departures from the urgency to reinterpret the role of the architect. Our job’s main mission can no longer be to supply ideas for cradle to grave type of production. The only way to harmonize our needs with the planetary limits is through a paradigm shift towards reshaping existing materials, infrastructure, and constructions. How could architects better inform and convey their expertise regarding construction, material qualities, and cultural values, in a constructive, forward-looking way? By working hands-on with preexisting contexts and buildings we want to learn the craft of adaptive reuse. This thesis has resulted in a case study of a former hardware store, called Järnbolaget, in the small urban outpost Torsby in the north of Värmland.
12
Dale, Julia Edna Sheelagh. „From house to school : adaptive re-use of housing for primary education in Havana, Cuba“. Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3599.
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In the inner city municipalities of Havana eighty percent of the primary schools are located in houses known as "casas adaptadas". These buildings accommodate more than twenty-seven thousand pupils. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the value of using houses for primary educational needs. The practice of adapting buildings for a different function from the one for which they were originally designed has been carried out for generations. However, this concept raises some fundamental questions relating to the basic principles of design. First, through an analysis of the overall relationship between, and the effect of, building type, form, function and aesthetic meaning in relation to the adaptive reuse of buildings, the study demonstrates how a wider range of solutions can be applied if the focus is placed on the new function rather than on the existing building fabric. The main body of the research then focuses on the contextual reasons behind the concept of adapting houses for primary schools in Cuba. Using a hybrid exploratory and descriptive strategy the purpose is to show how contextual factors provided the motivating force that initially instigated and then sustained the process of recycling obsolete buildings. This is achieved by focusing on the relationship between three specific components:- the evolution of elementary education; the development of architecture and urban growth in Havana; and the contextual factors comprising political policies, economic strategies, and the changing social and cultural development The rationale for the emphasis on the historical analysis is to maintain objectivity and continuity of context The study reveals that the use of houses as primary schools was an acceptable solution for educating young children that was driven by social, economic and political policies of each successive period of government The analysis of the empirical study of the casas adaptadas then illustrates how the houses contribute value to the educational process despite their lack of quality. This is followed by an evaluation of the research findings and their relevance to the real problems that currently face primary school education in the urban areas of Havana, and concludes with a discussion of possible strategies and proposals for future research in this field.
13
Zushi, Keiichiro. „Potential Residential Buildings for Adaptive Reuse – Cincinnati’s CBD“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116013015.
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14
Bernales, Odino Maria Carolina. „From primitive social housing to modern accommodation solution: guidelines for the adaptive reuse ofChilean Cités in Santiago“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42181574.
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15
Bernales, Odino Maria Carolina. „From primitive social housing to modern accommodation solution guidelines for the adaptive reuse of Chilean Cités in Santiago/“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42181574.
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16
Heÿdenrÿch, Antonette. „Social housing with interior public spaces : a new typology for the urban context of Pretoria“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63650.
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The project proposes the investigation into the adaptive
re-use of abandoned and unused buildings in the Pretoria
CBD to develop social housing that makes use of existing
infrastructure, structures, economic activity and transport
networks. This is done as a response to the need for social
housing in the medium income market. Most developments
for this market are built outside city limits and use precious
resources and unnecessary new materials. This project
focuses on what is currently known as Huis Potgieter, on the
UNISA Sunnyside Campus, as a testing ground to develop
theories and approaches that can be used in the development
of future developments.
Throughout the research conducted into the project,
the residents have been emphasised as the main design
informant, specifically by the regulations set out by the national
government. Considering the highly user-centred approach as
identified by the regulations, it is appropriate to approach it
from an interior design knowledgebase.
Looking firstly at the resident’s needs, those in similar housing
developments and income markets have identified and
emphasised the need and importance of shared public spaces. Other research has confirmed that public spaces are a large
contributor to both the social and psychological well-being of
the residents.
This project focuses on providing public spaces as integrated
areas within the building, interspersed between living units,
in an effort to provide comfortable, inclusive, and enjoyable
public spaces that encourage a sense of place among the
residents.
A design proposal to integrate interior public spaces into the
daily lives of the residents was developed. Various public
space theories were collated and synthesised to develop a
set of theory-based guidelines for use in this and future social
housing projects. The project aims to develop a proposal that
considers all users in the development, both in their physical
needs (in the form of an inclusive design approach), as well as
their social and community needs, by providing public spaces
that accommodate a wide range of users and activities. To
benefit future studies and to contribute to the field of interior
design, a new term, interior public spaces, was developed in
order to describe the type of public spaces created.
In order to create a strong identity for the building, which the users can relate and respond to in their own attachment
and appropriation, the legibility of the intervention is large
focus of the project. To increase the legibility of the building,
the building identity – KwilaliCity - was developed to reflect
strongly in the public areas of the building to create a common
ground for all residents. The intervention ensures accessibility
to its wide range of residents by introducing a strong inclusive
design component, with a focus on wayfinding. Applying the
wayfinding and inclusive approach early in the project allows
for an integrated resolution that serves to strengthen the
design approach.
The intention that residents are encouraged to develop an
attachment to KwilaliCity and their fellow residents is evident
in the encouragement to appropriate specific elements in and
around their homes, in order to reflect their identities and give
them some control over their housing environment.Hierdie projek neem voor om die her-gebruik van verlate en ongebruikte geboue in die Pretoria besigheidsdistrik te ondersoek, met die doel om sosiale behuising wat gebruik maak van bestaande infrastruktuur, strukture, ekonomise aktiwiteit en vervoernetwerke. Die projek het vorendag gekom as ‘n reaksie op die nood vir sosiale behuising in die medium-inkomstemark. Ontwikkelings vir hierdie mark word dikwels geplaas buite die stadperke, en gebruik waardevolle hulpbronne en onnodige nuwe material. Die projek fokus op wat tans bekend staan as Huis Potgieter, te vinde op die UNISA Sunnyside-kampus, as ‘n toetsarea waar teorieë en benaderings te ondersoek en wat in toekomstige uitbreidings gebruik kan word. Tydens die navorsing wat afgelê is vir die projek, is die inwoners beklemtoon as die hoof ontwerpinformant, hoofsaaklik deur die regulasies uiteengesit deur die nasionale regering. Met hierdie hoogs gebruiker-geörienteerde benadering, soos geïdentifiseer deur die regulasies, is dit toepaslik om gebruik te maak van die interieurontwerp kennisbasis. Eerstens word daar gekyk na die inwoners se behoeftes. Inwoners in soortgelyke behuising en inkomstemark het die behoefte en belangrikheid van gedeelde openbare ruimtes uitgelig en beklemtoon. Verdere navorsing het bevestig dat openbare ruimtes ‘n groot bydraende faktor is in die sosiale en sielkundige welstand van die inwoners. Die projek fokus op die voorsiening van openbare ruimtes as integreerde areas binne die gebou, verweef tussendeur die leefeenhede, in ‘n poging om gemaklike, toeganklike, en aangename openbare ruimtes te skep wat ‘n gevoel van plek by die inwoners aanwakker. ‘n Ontwerpvoorstel om die interieur openbare ruimtes te integreer met die daaglikse lewens van die inwoners is ontwikkel. Verskeie teorieë wat handel oor openbare ruimtes is versamel en saamgevat om ‘n stel teorie-gebasseerde riglyne te ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word in hierdie en toekomstige sosiale behuisingskemas. Die projek poog om ‘n voorstel te ontwikkel wat alle inwoners in ag neem, beide in hul fisiese behoeftes (in terme van ‘n inklusiewe ontwerpbenadering), sowel as hul sosiale en gemeenskapsbehoeftes deur inwoners van openbare ruimtes te voorsien wat ‘n wye spectrum van gebruikers en aktiwiteite kan akkommodeer Om toekomende interieurontwerpstudies te baat, is ‘n nuwe term, interieuropenbare ruimtes, ontwikkel om die soort openbare ruimtes, soos geskep in hierdie projek, te beskryf. Ten einde ‘n sterk identiteit te ontwikkel vir die gebou, wat die inwoners in staat sal stel om verband te hou en te reageer daarop deur hul aanhegtig en bewilliging, is die leesbaarheid van die ingryping ‘n groot fokus van die projek. Om die leesbaarheid van die gebour te verbeter, is ‘n gebou-identiteit – KwilaliCity – ontwikkel. Dit kom sterk voor in die openbare areas van die gebou om ‘n gelyke grondslag vir alle inwoners te skep. Die ingryping verseker die inklusiwiteit vir die wye reeks inwoners deur ‘n sterk inklusiewe ontwerpkomponent in te bring, wat fokus op die navigasie en leesbaarheid van die ruimtes. Deur hierdie benadering toe te pas vanaf die begin, maak voorsiening vir ‘n geïntegreerde oplossing wat help om die ontwerbenadering te versterk. Die bedoeling is dat inwoners aangemoedig word om aanhegting met KwilaliCity en hul mede-inwoners, en is aangebring in die aanmoediging om spesifieke elemente om hul eenhede te bewillig, in ‘n poging om hul identiteit te weerspieël en bietjie beheer te gee oor hul huislike omgewing.
Mini Dissertation (MInt (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Architecture
MInt (Prof)
Unrestricted
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Bergendal, Adam. „Architecture as medicine : Rethinking care for the terminally ill“. Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163431.
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Societies have an ethical responsibility to provide the dying with the highest possible quality of care. Yet, terminal patients are sometimes lost in a healthcare system that emphasizes procedure over the individual. This project envisions a new approach - a restructuring of the current system. A shared facility that combines rehabilitation and home care with end of life care, promoting flexible treatment to be tailored to each patient according to their individual needs.Vårt samhälle har ett etiskt ansvar att tillhandahålla döende med högsta möjliga vårdkvalitet. Trots det åsidosätts ibland döende patienter i ett sjukvårdssystem som betonar metod över individen. Detta projekt föreslår en ny strategi - en omstrukturering av det nuvarande systemet. Istället för uppdelade vårdstrukturer föreslås en sammansatt vårdanläggning som kombinerar rehabilitering och avancerad hemsjukvård med sluten palliativ vård, som främjar flexibel behandling och som skräddarsys för varje patient utifrån dess individuella behov.
18
Brümmer, Laurika. „The NZASM Tourist Precinct : Tourism Interventions as Catalyst to re-Establish the Cultural Significance of Historic Railway Housing in Pretoria CBD“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63628.
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The number of single-family residences in the Nederlandsche Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg- Maatschappij (NZASM) heritage area, to the east of the Pretoria Train Station, has decreased over recent years. Due to the pressures of the Tshwane Compaction and Densification Strategy (2005) and the addition of high rise apartment blocks positioned between the houses, the area’s density is certain to increase further and the future of these heritage structures are in jeopardy. A fragmented urban environment has resulted, which is further emphasised by the discrepancy in scale and density of the built structures.
The few remaining houses have been altered in varying degrees to suit the needs of their occupants, with no regard to their heritage value in most cases. An approach to maintain the cultural and historical value of the area would be to introduce a new function which would attract diverse visitors in a bid to regenerate the area. As a catalyst to generate interest, tourist interventions are proposed in and around selected houses, with the intention of stitching the fragmented urban fabric from the interior outwards. The vision for the site is to create the NZASM Tourist Precinct, with different amenities and accommodation options for tourists.Mini Dissertation MInt(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Architecture
MInt(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Figueiredo, António José Pereira de. „Energy efficiency and comfort strategies for Southern European climate : optimization of passive housing and PCM solutions“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17291.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia CivilPursuing holistic sustainable solutions, towards the target defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a stimulating goal. Exploring and tackling this task leads to a broad number of possible combinations of energy saving strategies than can be bridged by Passive House (PH) concept and the use of advanced materials, such as Phase Change Materials (PCM) in this context. Acknowledging that the PH concept is well established and practiced mainly in cold climate countries of Northern and Central Europe, the present research investigates how the construction technology and energy demand levels can be adapted to Southern Europe, in particular to Portugal mainland climate. For Southern Europe in addition to meeting the heating requirements in a fairly easier manner, it is crucial to provide comfortable conditions during summer, due to a high risk of overheating. The incorporation of PCMs into building solutions making use of solar energy to ensure their phase change process, are a potential solution for overall reduction of energy consumption and overheating rate in buildings. The PH concept and PCM use need to be adapted and optimised to work together with other active and passive systems improving the overall building thermal behaviour and reducing the energy consumption. Thus, a hybrid evolutionary algorithm was used to optimise the application of the PH concept to the Portuguese climate through the study of the combination of several building features as well as constructive solutions incorporating PCMs minimizing multi-objective benchmark functions for attaining the defined goals.
A procura de soluções de sustentabilidade holísticas que conduzam ao cumprimento dos desafios impostos pela Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas é uma meta estimulante. Explorar esta tarefa resulta num amplo número de possíveis combinações de estratégias de poupança energética, sendo estas alcançáveis através do conceito definido pela Passive House (PH) e pela utilização de materiais de mudança de fase que se revelam como materiais inovadores neste contexto. Reconhecendo que este conceito já se encontra estabelecido e disseminado em países de climas frios do centro e norte da Europa, o presente trabalho de investigação foca-se na aplicabilidade e adaptabilidade deste conceito e correspondentes técnicas construtivas, assim como os níveis de energia, para climas do sul da Europa, nomeadamente em Portugal continental. No sudeste da Europa, adicionalmente à necessidade de cumprimento dos requisitos energéticos para aquecimento, é crucial promover e garantir condições de conforto no verão, devido ao elevado risco de sobreaquecimento. A incorporação de materiais de mudança de fase nas soluções construtivas dos edifícios, utilizando a energia solar para assegurar o processo de mudança de fase, conduz a soluções de elevado potencial para a redução global da energia consumida e do risco de sobreaquecimento. A utilização do conceito PH e dos materiais de mudança de fase necessitam de ser adaptados e otimizados para funcionarem integrados com outros sistemas ativos e passivos, melhorando o comportamento térmico dos edifícios e minimizando o consumo energético. Assim, foi utilizado um algoritmo evolutivo para otimizar a aplicabilidade do conceito PH ao clima português através do estudo e combinação de diversos aspetos construtivos, bem como o estudo de possíveis soluções construtivas inovadoras com incorporação de materiais de mudança de fase minimizando as funções objetivo para o cumprimento das metas inicialmente definidas.
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Clark, Tracy Leigh. „[preserve - integrate - intervene] : progression at the Pretoria West Power Plant“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30297.
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This thesis is about the adaptive reuse of an old turbine hall at the Pretoria West Power Plant. As part of a proposed urban framework the Power Plant is developed as a node that connects the Pretoria CBD to Atteridgeville. The driving concept generator for this scheme is the idea of progress. The Turbine Hall has progressively been extended over time. This progress is demonstrated through increasingly dominant new interventions which also demonstrate where the building opens up to the public. A program for the building is based on the results of site analysis, and in response to the urban framework. This program stimulates progress for people by creating a place that supports the production of entrepreneurs and encourages economic upliftment. The adapted building will contain an affordable housing component, rentable workshops, training facilities where people can learn business skills and crafts, a large artists’ studio, a restaurant and an arts and crafts exhibition gallery. These functions support each other and create and environment where people can live, work and socialise.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Architecture
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Rader, Eugene M. „A Modern Craftsman Revival“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3840.
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Introducing concepts of Craftsman kit construction to the interior, as well as modern technology to lessen the cost of handcrafted details, opens the possibility to new methods of modular design in which interior units are configured around structural skeletons and central base points that provide supply lines to residential units. One example is Dutch design firm Minale-Maeda’s Keystones, a 3D printed connector that holds together any necessary components, like furniture. These keystones can be printed at home and save time and the need to obtain anything but essential components (website). The design firm works to create an “ongoing awareness of the possibilities of both mass-production and skilled craftsmanship” (L’arco Baleno, 2014). Another interesting example is Dutch design brand Fraaiheid’s Minimal Waste Table, which is created from one piece of laminated plywood with a CNC milling machine which makes for extremely minimal waste (Williamson, 2013). These examples of automation require a craftsman’s hand and mind to create the concept but introduce a modern approach to reducing waste, time and cost.
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Pereira, Maria João Ferradosa. „Coexistência e transposição“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19126.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Com o tema coexistência e transposição, aplicado ao território de Alcântara em zona de transição para o aterro, no conjunto industrial da companhia união abril, é perceptível a coexistência de várias unidades morfológicas urbanas relativas a diferentes momentos da história que se transpõem neste lugar, num palimpesesto em constante formação. A proposta de intervenção compreende-se entre a ocupação de um vazio urbano com um passado industrial caracterizador e um presente expectante, e a reutilização critica das preexistências do conjunto industrial desativado. Esta procura a sua valorização e reintegração. No terreno vazio procura-se coser os dois traçados em evidência através de uma frente de rua regular e de um núcleo interior transposto do traçado orgânico. O programa consiste num uso predominantemente habitacional sensível à progressiva mutação da estrutura familiar contemporânea complementado por um equipamento educacional infantil. Propõe-se a conversão das pré-existências do conjunto industrial desativado para espaços de trabalho em diálogo diacrónico com o seu passado laboral. A presença da água foi indutora para a materialidade que se constitui através de um embasamento em basalto nivelado pela presença de um passado do Rio Tejo.
ABSTRACT: On the subject of coexistence and transposition, applied to Alcântara's territory in transition to the landfill, on the industrial complexo of companhia união fabril, it is noticiable the coexistence of multiple morphological urban units related to different moments of its history, that look superimposed in this place The intervention proposal its about the ocupation of a urban void that has a defining industrial past and a expectant present, and the adaptive reuse of the existing buildings on the deactivated industrial complex. The intervention seeks, the valorization a reintegration of these buildings. On the urban void, the purpose is to sew the two visible mesh, through a regular forefront and an inside core transposed from the organic grid. It is generally proposed housing, regarding the progressive mutation of the contemporary family structure, complemented by an educational building. It is proposed the convertion of the existing buildings on the industrial complex, to working spaces, according to its laboral past. The previous presence of water lead to the the choice of the materiality, that lies upon a basement in basaltic stone, shaped by the previous presence of the Tagus river in this place.
N/A
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Thiem, Julia. „Adapting Snäckan 8“. Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298823.
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“Adapting Snäckan 8” aims to investigate material and immaterial value while transforming an existing built structure. Current development plans seek to demolish and replace the existing building by a new, 10 meter wider, 4.5 meter taller building of office spaces; increasing the scale of the Klara quarter once more, just as during the Norrmalm Regulation historically. Excluding both: plans for housing, as well as the so called “Culture House”. A space that included a café, a library and a cinema, for everyone, including especially the homeless people of Stockholm.Accompanied by a notion that when we demolish built structures, not only do we demolish material, but also social structures that have been built up over time; the ecological aspects of adaptive re-use are expanded by social urgency. In light of the housing crisis and increasing social segregation as well as the development of the pandemic, the accessibility of a home is now perhaps more pressing than ever. This project therefore aims to provide affordable, inclusive mixed-use living within the city centre, adapting Snäckan 8 to changing rhythms and patterns of daily life. Thereby hoping to continue writing the story of Snäckan 8, rather than erasing it.
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Thurmond, Alana Christine. „Adapting Lifestyle: The Dwelling“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91177.
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With over half the world living in cities there is a need for designing city housing. The DC Office of Planning did a survey on housing that shows a high percentage of 1 to 2-bedroom apartments and shows a lower percentage of 3 to 4-bedroom apartments. Is there a way to design with different housing typologies to accommodate different needs?
Mix-use housing and rowhouses are two different housing typologies. Both of these housing typologies are in the fabric of Washington DC. For my thesis I sought out if mix-use housing along with rowhouses could be combined into a design to accommodate peoples changing needs in housing.Master of Architecture
In Washington D.C. apartments can be found in each district but the majority of apartments that are designed are one to two bedroom. The intent of this design is to create apartments next to rowhouses. The design is to provide different housing styles to fit within people’s lifespan needs. The lifespan needs can change over time so by designing a variety of housing options a person could live within one design without moving to find a living condition to fit their needs. An example of how people’s needs change over time could be a young couple who grows their family. The addition of children or pets require extra space and additional bedrooms. Once the kids grow up and move out that extra room can become office space or a guest room. If there is a design that can accommodate a variety number of bedrooms then there is no need to move outside the city and leave a community where a family built their life around.
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Fainella, John G. „Ethnicity and housing adaption : the Italians in Montreal“. Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65545.
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Swart, Johan. „Urban church, re-developing space within Pretoria's Schubart Park complex“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30293.
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The study investigates the development of church infrastructure within the urban environment. A symbiotic interaction between church form and urban conditions is proposed and contextualised through analysis of existing church models and current spatial concerns within Pretoria’s inner-city. The potential of church as agent for urban renewal and community development is identified and the study generates a spatial and programmatic model aligned with the inner-city’s need for meaningful and integrated interventions. A systemic definition of church proposes a multi-layered programme based on partnership and interaction while alternative church positioning suggests the concept of re-claiming inner-city spaces, applied through the re-development of the Schubart Park housing complex. AFRIKAANS : Hierdie studie ondersoek die ontwikkeling van kerk infrastruktuur in die stedelike omgewing. ‘n Simbiotiese interaksie tussen kerkvorm en stedelike kondisies word voorgestel en gekontekstualiseer deur analise van bestaande kerk modelle en ruimtelike kwessies in die middestad van Pretoria. studie identifiseer die potensiaal van kerk as agent vir stedelike hernuwing en gemeenskapsontwikkeling en vervolgens word n ruimtelike en programmatiese model in lyn gestel met die middestad se tekort aan betekenisvolle en geintegreerde ingrypings. Sistemiese definisie van kerk stel n gelaagde program voor gebasseer op vennootskap en interaksie terwyl alternatiewe plasing van die hergebruik van stedelike ruimtes voorstel wat toegepas word deur die herontwikkeling van die Schubart Park behuisings kompleks.Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
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Magliozzi, Alex (Alex T. ). „The transit oriented basis boost : adapting the LIHTC to finance affordable housing near transit“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68195.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-72).
The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit is arguably the most successful and important program in American history for the creation of affordable housing. The program leverages private investment in affordable housing, through tradable tax credits, to produce quality affordable housing throughout the country. By providing additional money for projects in areas with especially low incomes and high development costs, the program has actively encouraged the creation of affordable housing in certain cities, towns and neighborhoods. At the federal level, the program has not, however, encouraged the development of housing near transit. Since 2008, when states were given the option to provide additional money for certain projects, five states began programs to provide additional money to projects near transit. This thesis examines the possibility of providing additional money to projects near transit at the federal level, in the form of a transit -- oriented basis boost. It starts with a brief introduction to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit, followed by a discussion of the importance of housing near transit. It then examines what various states are doing to encourage affordable housing near transit, followed by a proposal for a federal basis boost program. The thesis culminates in a case study, showing how providing additional money to projects near transit might affect the economics of developing affordable housing near transit.
by Alex Magliozzi.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
M.C.P.
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DeWees, Eric(Eric R. ). „A new life for hotels : adaptively reusing limited service hospitality properties as workforce housing“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129102.
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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42).
This thesis examines the potential for reinventing an existing asset class -- limited service hospitality properties -- as new workforce housing properties. Due to the cyclical demand profile, modest price points, and relatively fragmented ownership of limited service hotels in the United States, these properties often escape the attention of highly sophisticated investors and developers. Furthermore, as relatively low margin businesses, many of the properties are visually unappealing and have significant deferred maintenance needs. Coupled with this dynamic is the fact that the United States is facing a nationwide housing crisis and suffers from a structural shortage of affordably priced housing alternatives. This thesis examines the economics of limited-service hospitality assets; the growth of workforce housing as a residential asset class; and the potential for redeveloping legacy hospitality properties into new workforce housing. In order to supplement the aforementioned macro and secular analyses, this thesis also includes a case study of the redevelopment of an antiquated motel in Oceanside, California.
by Eric DeWees.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate
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Hagström, Jesper. „Klimatanpassning och tillväxtperspektivet : En fallstudie kring hur översvämningsrisken hanteras i praktiken vid waterfront housing-projekt“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-57015.
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Uppsatsens syfte är att belysa hur den kommunala planeringen hanterar problematiken kring översvämningsrisker i praktiken vid waterfront housing-projekt. Genom att ta utgångspunkt i Granberg, Nyberg & Modhs, (2016) artikel om konkurrens och klimatanpassning i Karlstad, ämnar uppsatsen besvara frågeställningar kring hur klimatanpassning tillämpas i praktiken inom den kommunala planeringen, kopplat till översvämningsrisker vid waterfront housing-projekt. Dessutom undersöks kommunens påverkansmöjligheter när det kommer till att föra in klimatanpassning, kopplat till översvämningsrisken, vid waterfront housing-projekt. För att besvara frågeställningarna har en fallstudie genomförts på Kvarteret Kanoten i Karlstad. Uppsatsen tillämpar en kvalitativ metod i form av innehållsanalys av tillhörande kommunala handlingar för området och kompletteras med två intervjuer med två kommunala tjänstemän som varit delaktiga i planprocessen. Resultatet visar att den kommunala planeringen, med hjälp av tekniska lösningar, försöker förhindra, reducera samt vara beredda på översvämningsrisken. På så sätt översvämningsskyddas området samtidigt som exploatering möjliggörs. Resultatet pekar även på stora påverkansmöjligheter från den kommunala planeringens sida att föra in klimatanpassning. Främst genom den stora kunskap kring översvämningsnivåer och riskscenarion som finns tillgänglig. Det stora antalet exploatörer i området gör även att den kommunala planeringen kan lägga kostnaderna för översvämningsskyddet på de som vill bebygga området, vilket ökar de ekonomiska möjligheterna att få till ett bra skydd. Slutligen identifieras en brist på ett övergripande perspektiv som studerar översvämningshotet som helhet och på så sätt skapar möjligheter att urskilja lösningar som skyddar större områden. Som slutsats bekräftas Granberg, Nyberg & Modhs, (2016) forskningsartikel om att det ekonomiska perspektivet styr klimatanpassningsåtgärder. Klimatanpassning sker inte genom att undvika exploatering av dessa attraktiva områden, utan appliceras snarare när beslut om exploatering tagits. Skydd mot översvämning tillämpas i form av tekniska lösningar, vilket vittnar om en stor tilltro till tekniska lösningar och ekologisk modernisering från den kommunala planeringens sida att hantera problematiken.The aim of this essay is to illustrate how the municipal planning deal with problems regarding the risk of flooding in practice, specifically in waterfront housing-projects. Taking a starting point in an article of Granberg, Nyberg & Modh (2016) about competitiveness and climate adaption in the city of Karlstad, this essay intends to answer research questions about how climate adaption is implemented practically in municipal planning, linked to the risk of flooding, in waterfront housing-projects. Also, the level of influence from the municipal planning to implement climate adaption measures in waterfront housing-projects is also investigated. To answer the research questions, a case study is applied on Kanoten, a waterfront area in Karlstad, Sweden. The essay applies a qualitative research approach with an analysis of content on related municipal documents and is supplemented with interviews with two municipal officials who were involved in the planning process of the area. The results show that the municipal planning, with the help of technical solutions, tries to handle the problem by preventing, reducing and preparing for the risk of flooding. In that way, the area is protected from flooding and available for exploitation at the same time. As it turns out, the result also indicates great possibilities for the municipal planning to implement climate adaption, mostly thanks to the great amount of knowledge on levels and potential scenarios on flooding that is available. The many developers in the area means that the municipal is able to put the costs of the flooding protection on those who want to exploit the area, making financial support and opportunities for protecting the area from flooding much better. Lastly, a deficiency is identified in terms of a broader perspective when looking at the threat of flooding in the city, a perspective that would be able to find solutions that protect larger areas. As a conclusion, the main findings of Granberg, Nyberg & Modh, (2016), regarding the superiority of the economical perspective that controls climate adaption measures, are confirmed by this essay. Climate adaption is not practiced by avoiding these attractive areas, but rather, it is applied when the decision to exploit the area is taken. Protection against flooding is applied through technical solutions which speaks of a great belief in these measures and ecological modernization from the perspective of the municipal planning to be able to handle the problem.
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Fučíková, Jarmila. „Prázdné urbánní monumenty – aktivace zhlaví Pražského viaduktu v Brně urbanisticko-architektonická studie“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402121.
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First of all, the work should point out the possibilities of activating the non-functioning post-industrial area. The aim is to remove the “wedge” into the center and to bring missing urban activities to the site. For this purpose, I suggest the completion of a city blocks with a housing function, a square with a food market, a city park, and a connection to the surrounding of industrial buildings. The aim is to integrate the site into the city through the completion and rehabilitation of industrial houses. The great creative challenge is to preserve the genius loci of this post-industrial landscape.
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Duarte, Susana Reis. „Construir com a terra. Uma proposta de intervenção no Bairro do Barruncho, Odivelas“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6943.
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Gerbeaud, Fanny. „L'habitat spontané : une architecture adaptée pour le développement des métropoles ? Le cas de Bangkok, Thaïlande“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21969/document.
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La croissance des bidonvilles interroge les modalités de production de la ville, notamment dans les pays en développement. Cette thèse montre le cas de Bangkok où les « communautés denses », outre la flexibilité de leur architecture, cristallisent souvent des pratiques sociales et une histoire commune propres au lieu. Rarement prises en compte dans la métropole et victimes d'une image négative, elles font preuve d'un dynamisme économique et associatif stimulant et représentent un enjeu fort face aux notions de développement durable et de droit à la ville, à l'échelle locale comme internationale. Au travers d'une analyse spatiale principalement, d'entretiens d'acteurs et d'observations de terrain, nous abordons l'habitat spontané comme une construction incrémentale issue de processus d'appropriation individuelle. Nous l'analysons autour de trois configurations ou « contextes d'émergence » de ces constructions : l'habitat spontané « ancien », « pur » et « greffé ». Cette première configuration interroge la notion de patrimoine au sujet de constructions populaires remontant aux origines de l'urbanisation à Bangkok. L'habitat spontané pur tend en parallèle à former de véritables morceaux de ville attractifs et finement reliés à leur contexte urbain. Avec les greffes spontanées observées sur les immeubles sociaux de relogement, l'habitat spontané s'affirme comme un mode de construction viable et un outil de développement urbain. L'habitat spontané entraîne progressivement le repositionnement des acteurs de l'urbain, la mise en place de processus de projet alternatifs qui renouvellent la production courante du logement vers une construction urbaine partagéeThe importance of spontaneous construction raises some questions about the modalities of urban production, especially in developing countries. This thesis presents the case of Bangkok, where the "dense communities," besides the flexibility of their architecture, often crystallize a common site specific history. Rarely taken into account in the metropolis and victims of a negative image, they show, at a local and international level, a stimulating economic and associative dynamism and represent a major challenge in light of the concepts of sustainable development and the right to the city. Through a mainly spatial analysis, interviews and field observations, we approach spontaneous settlements as an incremental construction, result of a process of individual appropriation. We then analyze three configurations or "contexts of emergence" of these constructions: “ancient”, “pure” and "grafted". The first configuration questions the notion of heritage in relation to these popular constructions, dating back to the origins of Bangkok’s urbanization. At the same time, the pure spontaneous housing settlements tend to become real attractive city districts, finely linked to their urban context. With the added spontaneous grafts, which we observed on the social re-housing buildings, informal settlements become a viable way to build the city and a tool for urban development. Spontaneous housing leads progressively to a repositioning of urban actors, the implementation of alternative design processes, renewing the current models of housing production to a shared urban construction
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Yi-FongChen und 陳一鳳. „BIM Components for Adaptive Living Space Modules – A Public Housing Example“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27817774794000625222.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系
103
The society has been changed as information technology development has been gone by such as Architecture industry. The information application is promoted by community,Therefore the study building Life-Cycle, Architects in BIM technology for applications in the planning and design stage of the workflow. In the face of public housing design problems ,creates a design application plug-in in BIM platform by the characteristic of parametric design of BIM comportment, and assist combined with application of writing plug-into let the designer in the design process to keep abreast of the cost of a designer in the design of public housing used when reasonable, and scale indoor living space whether it is reasonable, the appropriateness of the amount of natural lighting comfort and energy efficiency indicators, in order to eliminate the frequent switching between software, errors or omissions of information affect the accuracy of the analysis results, hope to live without lowering the quality of the premise to find the highest utilization rate and the highest economy of the space module, make an efficient configuration of furniture and housing design.
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Geruso, April D. „Exploring adaptive re-use in abandoned industrial spaces : a possible future for affordable housing“. Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22206.
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In light of the increasing need for affordable housing in cities, and because many city centers, especially older US city centers, are home to abandoned industrial buildings, this paper explores the potential for creating affordable housing through the adaptive re-use of such structures. Through a study of the current literature of both the current needs of affordable housing and the availability of the transition of adaptive re-use, this paper answers the questions of where this type of conversion has already taken place and explores what funding is available to make such a conversion financial possible. The paper then looks to three case studies in the United States to attempt to begin to answer under what local conditions adaptive re-use for affordable housing can succeed. Ultimately, this paper finds that under compliant circumstances, there is indeed a place for the adaptive re-use of abandoned structures to be developed into affordable housing.text
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Kevill, Megan. „The adaptive reuse of grain elevators into housing: how policy and perspectives affect the conversion process and impact downtown revitalization“. Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7749.
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This study seeks to examine how the conversion of grain elevators into housing is an effective method of adaptive reuse. It uses theories and concepts on heritage preservation, downtown revitalization, place theory and environmental sustainability. Based on the literature review, there is a need for change in planning policy and there are both advantages and disadvantages to adaptive reuse. The methodology and data sources include examining and analyzing planning documents, surveys for the public and professionals, and demographic data. Case studies included converted grain elevators located in Australia and Norway and also a case study in Canada for the purpose of future recommendations. These methods answer the research question of how do planning policies and the perspectives of planning professionals and the public affect the process of the adaptive reuse of grain elevators into housing? Subsequent questions include topics such as whether adaptive reuse is an effective approach to downtown revitalization, which policies impede or facilitate the process, how perspectives influence decisions, and how demographics are linked to housing availability. The significance of this study on planning practice is that it helps form policy recommendations to address the needs of the public and help improve the efficiency of adaptive reuse in the planning process. In conclusion, the public and professionals were generally in favour of this type of adaptive reuse but many had concerns about cost and gentrification. Also, more policies need to be created that address adaptive reuse specifically. For the future use of the Toronto case study I recommended that converting the grain elevator into housing is the optimal choice. The limitations of this study include data availability, non-responses for surveys, language barriers, case study locations, and time constraints.
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Barbosa, Ricardo Manuel Mafra. „Staying Cool: Towards an Integrated Vulnerability Approach to Climate Change in Southern Europe Housing“. Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19884.
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Climate change is increasingly recognized as a reality that requires action, not only by society in general but also by policy decision-makers and scholars. In addition to the increase in mean temperatures, climate models indicate an increase in frequency and severity of extreme events, such as heatwaves. Therefore, indoor environmental conditions in existing residential buildings can be significantly affected, since these were not initially designed to endure such conditions. These changes may compromise their ability to moderate outdoor temperatures, particularly in regions such as Southern Europe, where most buildings still rely on natural ventilation.
This work aims to approach this topic by integrating two different interpretations of
vulnerability – outcome and contextual vulnerability –, with the purpose of providing
information to support policy design and decision-making, and also the development of retrofit interventions. Using a case study from Lisbon (Portugal), four studies were developed independently based on different methodologies, including thermal modelling and questionnaires.
Results from thermal simulations suggest that construction type seems to be determinant in defining the building”s ability to moderate high outdoor temperature. Findings also indicate that it is possible to offset or reduce the effect of the increase in temperatures by means of cost-effective passive measures applied to the building envelope. Some non-physical characteristics such as occupancy and window control are also significant, allowing up to a 91% reduction in discomfort hours. Although useful, this view does not reflect all facets of vulnerability to high temperatures, as simulated behavior cannot illustrate the diversity of practices adopted by occupants nor the context where they occur, For this reason, statistical techniques such as factor and variance analysis were applied to data obtained from a survey to buildings” occupants and allowed to characterize occupant behavior in two main types of
practices – personal and environmental. Results suggest a statistically significant variance of socio-demographic, personal and contextual factors in relation to the individual adoption of adaptive practices. In particular, building characteristics, age and sex of occupants seem to be relevant in terms of behaviour towards the provision of comfortable conditions.
Integration of results regarding the two interpretations, namely regarding the relation between occupant and the building, support the socio-technical perspective of comfort and highlight the need for a systemic view over high-temperature vulnerability in planning retrofit interventions and designing adaptation policy instruments, including the use of policy mix and integration with other sectors.
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Dowhower, Justin Firuz. „Adapting building information modeling (BIM) for affordable & sustainable housing“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1391.
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The purpose of this thesis is to determine if Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an effective means for encouraging stakeholder collaboration throughout the building design/construction process and improving upon affordable and sustainable strategies for infill housing development.
The research methodology includes literature reviews, interviews, case studies, simulations, and experimentations. Literature reviews include documentation regarding BIM, housing affordability and policy, sustainable design strategies, and integrated design practice. I conducted interviews with local stakeholders who had participated in local affordable/sustainable housing projects. The primary case study was the Alley Flat Initiative (2003-2010) which I had the opportunity to be involved with in various capacities as a participant observer. Simulations were performed using a BIM software tool to ‘redesign’ the first Alley Flat Initiative prototype and compare design workflows. Finally, experimentation was done involving the instruction of BIM software and exploring its use within an academic design studio environment.
The findings indicate four significant conclusions. First, the research suggests that inflated soft project costs (overhead, administration, and services) can be reduced if local city governments were to adopt BIM in conjunction with housing review and permitting processes. In addition, the city could use BIM data to quantify building impacts on energy and resources over time. Second, sustainability innovation can be easier to integrate within a BIM workflow due to the high-capacity of the software to exchange information with third-part analysis tools. One particular barrier that must be overcome, however, are financial barriers due to software and staff training costs associated with BIM technology. Third, BIM requires ‘front-loading’ projects with more information earlier in the design process, which encourages greater transparency and more direct collaboration between stakeholders. A fully leveraged BIM workflow may not be feasible beyond local small-scale architects and builders due to the relatively steep learning curve and higher software costs, but a hybrid approach might be possible depending on how residential construction practices and BIM software development evolves in the near future. And fourth, BIM can make project information centralized, accessible, and long-lasting – serving as a communication and learning tool across disciplines and between expert and non-expert participants.
The product of this research includes recommendations for all stakeholder groups engaged in leveraging BIM for affordable and sustainable housing development. Additional related topics of inquiry which fell outside the scope of this research are also included for future investigation.text
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Vicente, Soraia Marques. „Habitar em Bissau: Articular o Bairro e a Escola - Proposta de um habitat evolutivo, adaptável e sustentável“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95368.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaMuitas das cidades da África Ocidental enfrentam um fenómeno denominado de “urbanização acelerada”, causado pelo constante crescimento populacional, sobretudo nas periferias das cidades. O resultado é a rápida e descontrolada densificação do espaço urbano e a expansão de construções de génese espontânea e ilegal. A cidade de Bissau (Guiné-Bissau), não é excepção. A falta de planeamento adequado e o não cumprimento do Plano Geral Urbanístico de Bissau de 1993 por ausência de fiscalização e a carência de recursos financeiros, levou a que a população vinda das áreas rurais se fixasse de modo informal nas periferias da cidade. Como consequência, a cidade de Bissau é, em grande parte, constituída por bairros de “construção espontânea”, com a agravante da carência de infra-estruturas básicas. O trabalho aqui presente tem como desígnio a elaboração de uma proposta urbana para a cidade de Bissau, a fim de promover o seu desenvolvimento e a valorização do seu território. Uma vez que fazer cidade implica um conhecimento vasto a respeito da sua história e dos seus cidadãos, esta proposta parte de uma breve contextualização da cidade de Bissau, apresentando as suas características históricas, físicas, políticas, culturais e socioeconómicas. Para isso, recorreu-se ao estudo de dados analíticos do local e da população, e ainda, a análises com base em plantas territoriais.Esta proposta resume-se em duas principais fases. A primeira fase corresponde à fase de trabalho de turma e de grupo, naquela que pode ser considerada uma estratégia urbana. Nelas pretende-se (re)desenhar aquele que é um dos principais eixos de desenvolvimento da cidade - a estrada de Antula-Bandim-Bôr, ao longo de 16 km -, relacionando-a com os bairros que atravessa. Aborda-se ainda, a temática da mobilidade urbana, propondo a implantação de um meio de transporte público colectivo adequado à realidade actual de Bissau, como impulsionador da expansão e desenvolvimento da cidade: um sistema de Bus Rapid Transit (BRT).Na segunda fase, entra-se na fase individual do trabalho, na qual são aprofundadas diferentes escalas, com especial incidência no desenho de um equipamento colectivo (escola), do tecido habitacional (bairro), de uma estação interface do transporte público e consequentes espaços públicos.Na actualidade, o processo de criação de cidade no continente africano, é bastante discutido e as opiniões dividem-se entre aprender com as condições autóctones ou seguir modelos de europeização. Este trabalho pretende analisar as problemáticas de Bissau e defender o (re)desenho dos bairros existentes com base num desenvolvimento humano sustentável, tendo como objecto de estudo a frente fluvial da cidade. Considera, por isso, a importância de uma arquitectura pensada para a população e para o local, mantendo sempre que possível, os seus métodos construtivos, tecnologias e materiais.
Many cities in West Africa face a phenomenon called “accelerated urbanization”, caused by constant population growth, especially on the outskirts of cities. The result is the rapid and uncontrolled densification of urban space and the expansion of buildings of spontaneous and illegal genesis. The city of Bissau (Guinea-Bissau) is no exception. The lack of proper planning and the failure to comply with the Bissau General Urban Plan of 1993 due to the lack of supervision and financial resources, led the population coming from rural areas to settle informally on the outskirts of the city. As a consequence, the city of Bissau is, for the most part, constituted by “spontaneous construction” neighborhoods, with the aggravating lack of basic infrastructures.The work here is designed to develop an urban proposal for the city of Bissau, in order to promote its development and the enhancement of its territory. Since making a city implies a vast knowledge about its history and its citizens, this proposal starts from a brief context of the city of Bissau, presenting its historical, physical, political, cultural, and socioeconomic characteristics. For that, we analyzed territorial plans, gathering information from them, and used analytical data of the place and ts population.This proposal is summarized in two main phases. The first phase corresponds to the group work phase, which is considered the urban strategy. It is intended to (re) design one of the main axes of the city’s development - the Antula-Bandim-Bôr road, over 16 km -, and connecting it to the neighborhoods it crosses. As a driver of the expansion and development of the city, It also addresses the issue of urban mobility, proposing the implantation of a collective public transport suitable to the current reality of Bissau, - the Bus Rapid Transit system (BRT).In the second phase, the individual phase of the work, different scales are deepened, with a special focus on the design of collective equipment (school), housing, public transport and consequently public spaces. Currently, the process of creating a city in African continent is widely discussed and opinions are divided between learning from indigenous conditions or following models of Europeanization. This work intends to analyze the problems of Bissau and defend the (re) design of the existing neighborhoods based on sustainable human development, having the riverfront of the city as an object of study at the same time. Therefore, it considers the importance of an architecture designed for the population and the place, by maintaining, whenever possible, its construction methods, technologies, and materials.