Zeitschriftenartikel: „AD/HD“

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Neraal, Terje. „Misvisende om AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 131, Nr. 1 (2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.10.1140.

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Zeiner, Pål. „Nyttig om AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 131, Nr. 8 (2011): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.11.0150.

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Forus, Anne. „AD/HD hos voksne“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 131, Nr. 6 (2011): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.11.0190.

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4

Diderichsen, Jørgen. „Kaleidoskopisk om AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 129, Nr. 2 (2009): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.08.0512.

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Haugen, Trine. „Hodeskade og AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 129, Nr. 2 (2009): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.08.0626.

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Sand, Trond, Noralv Breivik und Anita Herigstad. „EEG-utredning ved AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 133, Nr. 3 (2013): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.12.0224.

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Cooper, Paul, und Trevor Shea. „PUPILS’ PERCEPTIONS OF AD/HD“. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 3, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1998): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1363275980030306.

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Groote, Inge Rasmus. „AD/HD gir økt dødsrisiko“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 135, Nr. 17 (2015): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.15.0779.

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9

Grøholt, Berit. „Leseverdig bok om AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 136, Nr. 16 (2016): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.16.0565.

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10

Zhang, Da-Wei, Hui Li, Zhanliang Wu, Qihua Zhao, Yan Song, Lu Liu, Qiujin Qian et al. „Electroencephalogram Theta/Beta Ratio and Spectral Power Correlates of Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents With AD/HD“. Journal of Attention Disorders 23, Nr. 7 (10.07.2017): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054717718263.

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Objective: The electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely used in AD/HD research. The current study firstly aimed to replicate a recent trend related to EEG theta/beta ratio (TBR) in children and adolescents. Also, the study aimed to examine the value of resting EEG activity as biomarkers for executive function (EF) in participants with AD/HD. Method: Fifty-three participants with AD/HD and 37 healthy controls were recruited. Resting EEG was recorded with eyes closed. Participants with AD/HD additionally completed EF tasks via the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Results: TBR did not differ between groups; however, TBR was positively correlated with inattentive symptoms in AD/HD. Other correlations were found between EEG activity and neuropsychological functions including spatial planning and decision making in the AD/HD group. Conclusion: The results do not support the diagnostic value of TBR. Instead, given the heterogeneous features, the results support the prognostic value of EEG in AD/HD.

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Cao, Huibi, Peter Zhou, Cathleen Duan und Jim Hu. „Transient immunosuppression blocks iBALT formation in the lung induced by helper-dependent adenoviral vector during gene delivery“. Journal of Immunology 204, Nr. 1_Supplement (01.05.2020): 74.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.74.15.

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Abstract Lung is an immune sensitive organ with presence of all immune cells at the frontline of immunity. Under chronic infection conditions, inducible Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) can be formed to defend foreign infectious organisms. We wonder whether viral vectors for gene therapy could induce iBALT formation and whether this process can be controlled through immune modulation. To test these ideas, we repeatedly administered a helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vector to mouse lungs and examined iBALT formation. HD-Ad vectors are based on adenovirus but with all viral coding sequences deleted and is one option for large gene delivery. In our previous studies, HD-Ad vectors have exhibited high in vivo efficiency in transduction of mouse, rabbit and pig airway epithelial cells, including stem/progenitor cells such as basal cells. HD-Ad vectors expressing therapeutic gene encoding cystic fibrosis transmenbrane conductance regulator (CFTR) rescue CFTR function in CF patient primary cells. In our mouse studies, we found that HD-Ad vectors induced iBALT formation and antibody production. We used cyclophosphamide or HD-Ad expressing IL-10 to modulate the host immune responses and to examine the effects on iBALT formation. Comparing with control group (HD-Ad vectors only), the mice treated with cyclophosphamide or IL-10 expressing HD-Ad vector showed a significant reduction of iBALT formation and infiltration of inflammatory cells, including CD4+ and B220+ as well as production of anti-Ad antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. Our results indicate that transient modulation significantly mitigated immunopathology and extended transgene expression in mouse airways following readministration of HD-Ad vectors.

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Liu, Liyang, Jun Bai, Fangxi Liu, Ying Xu, Mei Zhao, Chuansheng Zhao und Zhike Zhou. „Cross-Talking Pathways of Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) Are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Huntington’s Disease“. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (03.02.2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7619255.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD) are destructive worldwide diseases. Efforts have been made to elucidate the process of these two diseases, yet the pathogenesis remains elusive as it involves a combination of multiple factors, including genetic and environmental ones. To explore the potential role of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the development of AD and HD, we identified 1,853 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 19,414 background genes in both the AD&HD/control and FOXO1-low/high groups. Four coexpression modules were predicted by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), among which blue and turquoise modules had the strongest correlation with AD&HD and high expression of FOXO1. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs in these modules were enriched in phagosome, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cellular senescence, FOXO signaling pathway, pathways of neurodegeneration, GABAergic synapse, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Furthermore, the cross-talking pathways of FOXO1 in AD and HD were jointly determined in a global regulatory network, such as the FOXO signaling pathway, cellular senescence, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Based on the performance evaluation of the area under the curve of 85.6%, FOXO1 could accurately predict the onset of AD and HD. We then identified the cross-talking pathways of FOXO1 in AD and HD, respectively. More specifically, FOXO1 was involved in the FOXO signaling pathway and cellular senescence in AD; correspondingly, FOXO1 participated in insulin resistance, insulin, and the FOXO signaling pathways in HD. Next, we use GSEA to validate the biological processes in AD&HD and FOXO1 expression. In GSEA analysis, regulation of protein maturation and regulation of protein processing were both enriched in the AD&HD and FOXO1-high groups, suggesting that FOXO1 may have implications in onset and progression of these two diseases through protein synthesis. Consequently, a high expression of FOXO1 is a potential pathogenic factor in both AD and HD involving mechanisms of the FOXO signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and cellular senescence. Our findings provide a comprehensive perspective on the molecular function of FOXO1 in the pathogenesis of AD and HD.

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Muruve, Daniel A., Matthew J. Cotter, Anne K. Zaiss, Lindsay R. White, Qiang Liu, Trevor Chan, Sharon A. Clark et al. „Helper-Dependent Adenovirus Vectors Elicit Intact Innate but Attenuated Adaptive Host Immune Responses In Vivo“. Journal of Virology 78, Nr. 11 (01.06.2004): 5966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.11.5966-5972.2004.

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ABSTRACT Helper-dependent adenovirus (HD-Ad) vectors with all adenoviral genes deleted mediate very long-term expression of therapeutic transgenes in a variety of animal models of disease. These vectors are associated with reduced toxicity and improved safety relative to traditional early region 1 deletion first-generation Ad (FG-Ad) vectors. Many studies have clearly demonstrated that FG-Ad vectors induce innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo; however, a comprehensive analysis of host immune responses to HD-Ad vectors has not yet been performed. In DBA/2 mice, intravenous injection of HD-Ad vectors encoding LacZ (HD-AdLacZ) or a murine secreted alkaline phosphatase (HD-AdSEAP) induced an early expression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes in the liver, including interferon-inducible protein 10, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and were expressed in a pattern similar to that induced by FG-Ad vectors encoding AdSEAP. Like AdSEAP, and consistent with the pattern of cellular gene expression, HD-AdLacZ and HD-AdSEAP induced the recruitment of CD11b-positive leukocytes to the transduced liver within hours of administration. AdSEAP also induced a second phase of liver inflammation, consisting of inflammatory gene expression and CD3-positive lymphocytic infiltrates 7 days posttransduction. In contrast, beyond 24 h no infiltrates or expression of inflammatory genes was detected in the livers of mice receiving HD-AdSEAP. Despite the lack of liver inflammation at 7 days, Ad-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes could be detected in mice receiving HD-AdSEAP. This lack of liver inflammation was not due to reduced transduction since levels of transgene expression and the amounts of vector DNA in the liver were equivalent in mice receiving HD-AdSEAP and AdSEAP. These results demonstrate that HD-Ad vectors induce intact innate but attenuated adaptive immune responses in vivo.

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Ladner, Jennifer M., Stefan E. Schulenberg, C. Veronica Smith und Marcella H. Dunaway. „Assessing AD/HD in College Students“. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 44, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2011): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748175611417879.

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15

Hill, Peter. „Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)“. Primary Care Psychiatry 6, Nr. 3 (01.09.2000): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1185/135525700543325.

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Zeiner, Pål. „Gjenkjennelig om ungdom med AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 133, Nr. 18 (2013): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.13.0914.

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Rossiter, Thomas R. „Patient-Directed Neurofeedback for AD/HD“. Journal of Neurotherapy 2, Nr. 4 (März 1998): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j184v02n04_04.

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Kalikstad, Betty. „AD/HD hos barn etter feberkramper“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 134, Nr. 16 (2014): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.14.0951.

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Fredriksen, Mats. „Farmakoterapi hos voksne med AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 134, Nr. 23/24 (2014): 2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.14.1089.

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20

Fallgatter, A. J. „S33-4 Neurophysiology of AD/HD“. Clinical Neurophysiology 121 (Oktober 2010): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60209-x.

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21

Burt, Kathy L., Rosanne Parks-Charney und Vicki L. Schwean. „The AD/HD Skills and Strategies Program : A Program for AD/HD Adults in Postsecondary Education“. Canadian Journal of School Psychology 12, Nr. 2 (Juni 1997): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082957359701200209.

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Gapin, Jennifer, und Jennifer L. Etnier. „The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Executive Function Performance in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder“. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 32, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2010): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.6.753.

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Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) consistently perform worse on executive function (EF) tasks relative to those without AD/HD. Physical activity has a small effect on cognition in children and may be particularly beneficial for children with AD/HD by impacting fundamental EF deficiencies that characterize this disorder. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which physical activity is associated with EF in children with AD/HD. Eighteen boys (M age = 10.61, SD = 1.50) with AD/HD were recruited to complete four EF tasks. Physical activity was measured with an accelerometer that provided daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; this measure was a significant predictor of performance on the Tower of London planning task, adjusted R2 = .28, F(1, 16) = 7.61, p < .05, and was positively associated with other EF measures. These results suggest that higher physical activity is associated with better EF performance in AD/HD children.

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Helland, W. A., E. Biringer, T. Helland und M. Heimann. „P01-295-Communication impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72006-5.

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IntroductionCommunication disorders are often described in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), but language related problems are neither among the cardinal features nor required to fulfil diagnostic criteria of AD/HD.ObjectiveTo investigate communication impairments in a group of children with AD/HD compared to a group of Typically Developing (TD) children.MethodsFifty-six Norwegian children aged 6–15 years participated. The AD/HD group consisted of 28 children and was matched on age and gender with a TD group. The parents completed a Norwegian translation of the Children's Communication Checklist Second Edition (CCC-2).ResultsIn the AD/HD group communication impairment was identified in 23 out of 28 children (82.1%) compared to only one child in the TD group (3.6%). The two groups differed significantly on 9 out of 10 subscales of the CCC-2, as well as on the GCC (MANOVA, p ≤ .001).ConclusionsChildren with AD/HD are likely to exhibit communication problems relative to typically developing children. The two groups differed on 9 out of 10 subscales on the CCC-2. These results add to the growing body of research showing that communication disorders are frequent among children with AD/HD. They underline the importance of routine screening of communication to be performed as part of the assessment procedure in children with AD/HD.

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Ozdemir, Selda. „Peer Relationship Problems of Children With AD/HD: Risk Factors and New Directions in Interventions“. Australasian Journal of Special Education 33, Nr. 1 (01.08.2009): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajse.33.1.42.

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AbstractThis review integrates and evaluates research conducted on possible contributing factors to peer relationship problems of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Substantial evidence suggests that children with AD/HD have serious problems in multiple aspects of their relationships with peers. Difficulties resulting from inattention, impulsivity, and over activity negatively affect these children's performance in the peer group and as a result, children with the disorder are often rated as less popular and more rejected by their non-AD/HD peers. This article critically reviews risk factors for peer relationship problems of children with AD/HD including family, school, and child-specific factors. The implications of AD/HD research are examined with an emphasis on developing an ecological perspective to addressing the peer relationship problems of children with the disorder.

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Shames, Wendy, und Peg Alden. „The Impact of Short Term Study Abroad on the Identity Development of College Students with Learning Disabilities and/or AD/HD“. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 11, Nr. 1 (15.08.2005): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v11i1.149.

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This article explores the identity changes that college students with LD and/or AD/HD report after participating in a short-term study abroad program. The reflections of thirteen short-term study abroad participants, all of whom have been diagnosed with LD and/or AD/HD are presented. Particular attention is focused on the ways in which these identity changes impacted the students as learners and the factors unique to short-term study abroad that facilitated those identity changes. It concludes by proposing a model of identity development for students with LD and/or AD/HD and recommends methods for greater inclusion of students with LD and/or AD/HD in short-term study abroad programs. We hope that our findings will help to reframe notions about the ability and adaptability of students with LD and/or AD/HD, lower current barriers to participation in study abroad for students with LD and/or AD/HD, and contribute to the dynamic discussion currently underway about study abroad and student outcomes.

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Oosterlaan, Jaap, Anouk Scheres und Joseph A. Sergeant. „Which Executive Functioning Deficits Are Associated With AD/HD, ODD/CD and Comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD?“ Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 33, Nr. 1 (Februar 2005): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-005-0935-y.

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Nomura, Kensuke, Ryosuke Tarumi, Kazunari Yoshida, Mitsuhiro Sado, Takefumi Suzuki, Masaru Mimura und Hiroyuki Uchida. „Cancellation of outpatient appointments in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 11 (19.11.2021): e0260431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260431.

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Background Regular visit to psychiatric clinic is essential for successful treatment of any psychiatric condition including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). However, cancellation of outpatient appointments in patients with AD/HD, which represents a significant medical loss, has not been systematically investigated to our knowledge. Methods A systematic chart review was conducted for patients visiting the Shimada Ryoiku medical Center for Challenged Children in Japan at the age of ≤15 years from January to December 2013. The primary outcome measure was the cancellation rate, defined as the number of missed visits divided by the number of scheduled visits. The cancellation rates during 24 months after the first visit were compared between outpatients with AD/HD and other psychiatric disorders, including pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), and developmental coordination disorders and/or communication disorders (DCD-CD). A generalized linear model with binomial distribution was used to examine factors associated with cancellation rates exclusively in the AD/HD group. Results We included 589 patients (mean ± SD age, 5.6 ± 3.4 years; 432 males) in the analysis. The cancellation rate in patients with AD/HD was 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0–15.1), which was significantly higher than in those with PDD (5.6%, 95% CI: 3.8–8.3) and DCD-CD (5.3%, 95% CI: 3.6–7.8). Prescriptions of osmotic-release oral system-methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) and antipsychotics were associated with fewer cancellations in AD/HD patients (odds ratios: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.39–0.95 and 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.95, respectively), although these significances did not find in the subgroup analysis including only patients with ≥ 6 years old. Conclusions Patients with AD/HD were more likely to miss appointments compared to those with other psychiatric disorders. The impact of AD/HD medications as well as potential psychiatric symptoms of their parents or caregivers on appointment cancellations needs to be evaluated in more detail in future investigations.

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Dalen, Lindy, Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke, Martin Hall und Bob Remington. „Inhibitory Deficits, Delay Aversion and Preschool AD/HD: Implications for the Dual Pathway Model“. Neural Plasticity 11, Nr. 1-2 (2004): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2004.1.

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The dual pathway model proposes the existence of separate and neurobiologically distinct cognitive (inhibitory and more general executive dysfunction) and motivational (delay aversion) developmental routes to AD/HD. The study reported in this paper explores the relation between inhibitory deficits and delay aversion and their association with AD/HD in a group of three-year-old children. Children identified as having a pre-school equivalent of AD/HD (N=19) and controls (N=19), matched for gender and IQ, completed a battery of inhibition and delay tasks. Correlational and factor analysis supported a dissociation between inhibitory deficits (go-no-go, set shifting) and delay aversion (choice delay) with delay of gratification cross-loading. Children with AD/HD displayed more inhibitory deficits and were more delay averse than controls. The data support the value of the distinction between motivational and cognitive pathways to AD/HD. Furthermore, the data suggest that such a distinction is apparent relatively early on during development.

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López-Cuenca, Inés, Rosa de Hoz, Celia Alcántara-Rey, Elena Salobrar-García, Lorena Elvira-Hurtado, José A. Fernández-Albarral, Ana Barabash et al. „Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease“. Biomedicines 9, Nr. 6 (02.06.2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060638.

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A family history (FH+) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ɛ4 allele of the ApoE gene are the main genetic risk factors for developing AD, whereas ɛ4 allele plays a protective role in age-related macular degeneration. Ocular vascular changes have been reported in both pathologies. We analyzed the choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using OCT-angiography and compared the results with ApoE gene expression, AD FH+, and the presence or absence of hard drusen (HD) in 184 cognitively healthy subjects. Choroidal thickness was statistically significantly different in the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD+) group compared with (i) both the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD−) and the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD+) groups in the superior and inferior points at 1500 μm, and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group in the superior point at 1500 μm. There were statistically significant differences in the superficial FAZ between the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group and (i) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD−) group and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD−) group. In conclusion, ocular vascular changes are not yet evident in participants with a genetic risk of developing AD.

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Zentall, Sydney S., Sidney M. Moon, Arlene M. Hall und Janice A. Grskovic. „Learning and Motivational Characteristics of Boys with AD/HD and/or Giftedness“. Exceptional Children 67, Nr. 4 (April 2001): 499–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440290106700405.

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This study compared the academic and learning characteristics of students with (a) Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), (b) giftedness, and (c) giftedness with AD/HD, and examines specific a priori questions. The information reported by teachers, parents, and children was analyzed with a multiple-case design with constant comparative procedures within and across groups. The results indicated that giftedness conferred benefits related to specific talents but did not offer protection from the negative outcomes of AD/HD, such as inattention and homework problems. The learning and motivational profiles of each group were discussed in terms of implications for differential diagnosis and research and for teaching children with AD/HD and giftedness in general and special settings.

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Nilsen, Christine Vaksdal. „Hjerterisiko ved AD/HD-behandling hos barn“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 134, Nr. 7 (2014): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.14.0326.

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Easterwood, B. Diane, und Mark Odell. „SOS! Mnemonic Strategies for AD/HD Clients“. Journal of Clinical Activities, Assignments & Handouts in Psychotherapy Practice 1, Nr. 4 (24.01.2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j182v01n04_01.

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Train, Alan. „AD/HD: Towards Resolution – A Personal View“. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties 1, Nr. 2 (August 1996): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632759608550202.

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Eiraldi, Ricardo, und Jessica Blom-Hoffman. „Standardization of Assessment Procedures for AD/HD“. Contemporary Psychology 47, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2002): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/001254.

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Shikanai, Hiroki, Tsugumi Shindo, Sachiko Hiraide, Shin-ichi Kimura, Kenji Iizuka und Takeshi Izumi. „New drug treatment strategies for AD/HD“. Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society 96 (2022): 1—B—W03–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jpssuppl.96.0_1-b-w03-2.

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Xu, Guihua, Cuijie Feng, Fang Fang, Shaohua Chen, Yuanjian Xu und Xingzu Wang. „The heterotrophic-combined-with-autotrophic denitrification process: performance and interaction mechanisms“. Water Science and Technology 71, Nr. 8 (26.02.2015): 1212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.097.

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In this work, the interaction mechanisms between an autotrophic denitrification (AD) and heterotrophic denitrification (HD) process in a heterotrophic-autotrophic denitrification (HAD) system were investigated, and the performance of the HAD system under different S/Ac− molar ratios was also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the heterotrophic-combined-with-autotrophic denitrification process is a promising technology which can remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), sulfide and nitrate simultaneously. The reduction rate of NO3− to NO2− by the HD process was much faster than that of reducing NO2− to N2, while the reduction rate of NO3− to NO2− by the AD process was slower than that of NO2− to N2. Therefore, the AD process could use the surplus NO2− produced by the HD process. This could alleviate the NO2−–N accumulation and increase the denitrification rate. In addition, the inhibition effects of acetate on AD bacteria and sulfide on HD were observed, and the inhibition was compensated by the promotion effects on NO2−. Therefore, the processes of AD and HD seem to react in parallel, without disturbing each other, in our HAD system.

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Rasmussen, Ingrid Daae, Nya Mehnwolo Boayue, Matthias Mittner, Martin Bystad, Ole K. Grønli, Torgil Riise Vangberg, Gábor Csifcsák und Per M. Aslaksen. „High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Delayed Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: A Pilot Study Using Computational Modeling to Optimize Electrode Position“. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 83, Nr. 2 (14.09.2021): 753–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210378.

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Background: The optimal stimulation parameters when using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve memory performance in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are lacking. In healthy individuals, inter-individual differences in brain anatomy significantly influence current distribution during tDCS, an effect that might be aggravated by variations in cortical atrophy in AD patients. Objective: To measure the effect of individualized HD-tDCS in AD patients. Methods: Nineteen AD patients were randomly assigned to receive active or sham high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS). Computational modeling of the HD-tDCS-induced electric field in each patient’s brain was analyzed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The chosen montage provided the highest net anodal electric field in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). An accelerated HD-tDCS design was conducted (2 mA for 3×20 min) on two separate days. Pre- and post-intervention cognitive tests and T1 and T2-weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data at baseline were analyzed. Results: Different montages were optimal for individual patients. The active HD-tDCS group improved significantly in delayed memory and MMSE performance compared to the sham group. Five participants in the active group had higher scores on delayed memory post HD-tDCS, four remained stable and one declined. The active HD-tDCS group had a significant positive correlation between fractional anisotropy in the anterior thalamic radiation and delayed memory score. Conclusion: HD-tDCS significantly improved delayed memory in AD. Our study can be regarded as a proof-of-concept attempt to increase tDCS efficacy. The present findings should be confirmed in larger samples.

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TAYLOR, KIRSTEN I., DAVID P. SALMON, ANDREAS U. MONSCH und PETER BRUGGER. „Semantic and phonemic sequence effects in random word generation: A dissociation between Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease patients“. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 11, Nr. 3 (Mai 2005): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617705050356.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients perform worse on category than letter fluency tasks, while Huntington's disease (HD) patients show the reverse pattern or comparable impairment on both tasks. We developed a random word generation task to further investigate these deficits. Twenty AD and 16 HD patients and 20 elderly and 16 middle-aged controls guessed which of three pictures (hat, cat, or dog) landed on a die's top face sixty times. Three consecutive response pairings were possible: semantic (cat–dog), phonemic (hat–cat), and neutral (hat–dog). Since healthy individuals avoid repeating meaningful associates (“repetition avoidance”), an increased pairing frequency reflects processing deficits. AD patients produced more semantic and HD patients more phonemic pairings compared to their respective control groups, indicating selective semantic and phonemic processing deficits in AD and HD patients, respectively. (JINS, 2005,11, 303–310.)

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Wang, Na. „A New Generation Diagnosis System Based on Artificial Neural Network in Diagnosing Child Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD)“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (Oktober 2013): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.681.

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This paper introduced a new generation diagnosis system based on artificial neural network in diagnosing child Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). We give in detail the construction of the training set, including using computer to simulate thinking modes of human brain, to establish an artificial intelligence expert system for diagnosis and treatment of child AD/HD based on artificial neural network. The research can help the younger doctors to learn abundant clinical experiences of senior child psychiatrists and can help children of AD/HD throughout the country.

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Jeong, Jinseop, Jun Yong Yoon, Hwanhong Lee, Hatem Darweesh und Woosuk Sung. „Tutorial on High-Definition Map Generation for Automated Driving in Urban Environments“. Sensors 22, Nr. 18 (18.09.2022): 7056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187056.

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High-definition (HD) mapping is a promising approach to realize highly automated driving (AD). Although HD maps can be applied to all levels of autonomy, their use is particularly beneficial for autonomy levels 4 or higher. HD maps enable AD systems to see beyond the field of view of conventional sensors, thereby providing accurate and detailed information regarding a driving environment. An HD map is typically separated into a pointcloud map for localization and a vector map for path planning. In this paper, we introduce two separate but successive HD map generation workflows. Of the several stages involved, the registration and mapping processes are essential for creating the pointcloud and vector maps, respectively. To facilitate the readers’ understanding, the processes of these two stages have been recorded and uploaded online. HD maps are typically generated using open-source software (OSS) tools. CloudCompare and ASSURE, as representative tools, are used in this study. The generated HD maps are validated with localization and path-planning modules in Autoware, which is also an OSS stack for AD systems. The generated HD maps enable environmental-monitoring vehicles to successfully operate at level 4 autonomy.

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Houghton, Stephen, Kevin Durkin, Rebecca P. Ang, Myra F. Taylor und Mark Brandtman. „Measuring Temporal Self-Regulation in Children With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder“. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 27, Nr. 2 (Januar 2011): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000048.

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A new parent report measure entitled the Salience, Organization and Management of Time Scale (SOMTS) that assessed the temporal regulation of children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) in everyday contexts was developed over three phases (item generation, preliminary validation, and factorial structure). Items were compiled from related earlier instruments plus parental interviews, with final selection determined on the basis of item affectivity indices. The final study was, in part, an online study. Principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analyses from a sample of parents of children with (n = 194) and without (n = 142) AD/HD indicated a three factor structure of the new instrument (Verbalizing temporal structures, Temporal self-regulation, and Conceptualizing and sequencing time). Significant between-group differences revealed children with AD/HD performed worse on all three factors compared to children without AD/HD. The factors exhibited moderate discriminant validity when used individually and excellent discriminant validity when used in combination. The three distinct and reliable factors identified by the new instrument map well onto themes emphasized in a comprehensive theory of AD/HD and the between-group differences are consistent with the theory’s characterization of a developmental delay in sense of time in young people with the disorder.

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Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S. „On the Reorganization of Incentive Structure to Promote Delay Tolerance: A Therapeutic Possibility for AD/HD?“ Neural Plasticity 11, Nr. 1-2 (2004): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2004.23.

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This paper brings together two recent insights into attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) to provide the rationale for a novel approach to treatment. First is the suggestion, backed up by data from randomized trials, that training and practice in carefully selected cognitive activities (executive and attentional training) and tasks can provide a way of modifying the processes underlying cognitive, especially executive, deficits in AD/HD. Second, is the idea that AD/HD is a neuropsychologically heterogeneous disorder resulting from motivational alterations, specifically an increased intolerance for delay, as well as executive deficits. The paper builds on these two insights to explore the possibility that the motivational alterations underpinning delay aversion can be modified through specific training regimes in a way equivalent to that found with executive and attentional training. The requirements for such an approach are set out. Delay fading is proposed as a possible basis for reorganizing delay experience, altering the incentive value of delay (e.g., increasing tolerance for delay), thereby reducing AD/HD symptoms.

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Fiedler, Melanie, Florian Rödicker, Valentina Salucci, Mengji Lu, Luigi Aurisicchio, Uta Dahmen, Li Jun et al. „Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Delivery of Woodchuck-Specific Genes for Alpha Interferon (IFN-α) and IFN-γ: IFN-α but Not IFN-γ Reduces Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Replication in Chronic Infection In Vivo“. Journal of Virology 78, Nr. 18 (15.09.2004): 10111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.18.10111-10121.2004.

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ABSTRACT Alpha interferon (IFN-α) and IFN-γ are able to suppress hepadnavirus replication. The intrahepatic expression of high levels of IFN may enhance the antiviral activity. We investigated the effects of woodchuck-specific IFN-α (wIFN-α) and IFN-γ(wIFN-γ) on woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) replication in vivo by helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vector-mediated gene transfer. The expression of biologically active IFNs was demonstrated in vitro after transduction of woodchuck cells with HD-Ad vectors encoding wIFN-α (HD-AdwIFN-α) or wIFN-γ (HD-AdwIFN-γ). The transduction efficacy of the HD-Ad vector in woodchuck liver in vivo was tested with a vector expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP). Immunohistochemical staining of liver samples on day 5 after injection showed expression of GFP in a high percentage of liver cells surrounding the central vein. The transduction of livers of WHV carriers in vivo with HD-AdwIFN-α or HD-AdwIFN-γ induced levels of biologically active IFN, which could be measured in the sera of these animals. Expression of wIFN-α in the liver reduced intrahepatic WHV replication and WHV DNA in sera of about 1 log step in two of two woodchucks. Transduction with HD-AdwIFN-γ, however, reduced WHV replicative intermediates only slightly in two of three animals, which was not accompanied with significant changes in the WHV DNA in sera. We demonstrated for the first time the successful HD-Ad vector-mediated transfer of genes for IFN-α and IFN-γ in vivo and timely limited reduction of WHV replication by wIFN-α, but not by wIFN-γ.

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Dwyer, Sonya Corbin. „Overcoming Obstacles to Education: The Experience of Women University Students Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder“. Canadian Journal of Higher Education 30, Nr. 1 (30.04.2000): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v30i1.183348.

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Much of the research on Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) has been conducted with male children, resulting in limited knowledge of the disorder in females and adults. Even though increasing numbers of students with the disorder are entering postsecondary institutions, AD/HD in this population is an understudied area. A hermeneutic phenomenological methodology was chosen to explore the experience of eight women university students diagnosed with AD/HD. Two themes describing obstacles to their education, Robbed of Time and Thoughts Like a Rubber Ball, were identified. Strategies and treatment issues, implications for educators and mental health professionals, and directions for future research are considered.

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Lillemoen, Paul, Svein Kjosavik, Steinar Hunskår und Sabine Ruths. „Føreskriving av legemiddel mot AD/HD 2004-08“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 132, Nr. 16 (2012): 1856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.11.1270.

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Høvik, Marie, und Kerstin Plessen. „Emosjonsregulering og motivasjon hos barn med AD/HD“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 130, Nr. 23 (2010): 2349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.09.0121.

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Waal, Helge. „Nyttig, men ukonsentrert om AD/HD og rus“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 133, Nr. 12/13 (2013): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.13.0470.

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Grøholt, Berit. „AD/HD og autisme hos 6 – 12-åringer“. Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 133, Nr. 18 (2013): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.13.1108.

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Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S., und Adolfo Sadile. „Clinical, Experimental, and Modeling Studies in AD/HD“. Neural Plasticity 11, Nr. 1-2 (2004): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2004.i.

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Katusic, S. K., W. J. Barbaresi, R. C. Colligan, A. L. Weaver, C. L. Leibson und S. J. Jacobsen. „Case definition in epidemiologic studies of AD/HD“. Annals of Epidemiology 14, Nr. 8 (September 2004): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.07.061.

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