Zeitschriftenartikel: „Active mixtures“

1

Gaido, Kevin, Li You und S. Safe. „Modification of endocrine active potential by mixtures“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, Nr. 11-12 (01.01.2003): 2069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112069.

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Wildlife and humans are exposed to a complex mixture of endocrine active chemicals. The activity of a specific chemical in any mixture can be modified through interactions with other components of the mixture. The toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach for risk assessment was developed for chemicals such as halogenated aromatics that induce their effects through ligand-activated receptors. For persistent halogenated aromatic AhR agonists, this approach has some utility. However, the use of the TEF approach for endocrine active compounds is confounded by the unique tissue- and response-specific activities of these structurally diverse compounds. The term selective receptor modulator describes the ability of a natural or synthetic receptor ligand to manifest agonist activity in one tissue or for one response and antagonist activity in other tissues or for another response in the same tissue. Thus, it is possible for chemicals in a mixture to behave in an additive manner for one response and an antagonist manner for another response. A mechanisms-based hazard risk assessment of endocrine active chemical mixtures must account for these multiple variables.

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Carenza, Livio Nicola, Giuseppe Gonnella, Antonio Lamura und Giuseppe Negro. „Dynamically asymmetric and bicontinuous morphologies in active emulsions“. International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2019): 1941002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918311941002x.

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The morphology of a mixture made of a polar active gel immersed in an isotropic passive fluid is studied numerically. Lattice Boltzmann method is adopted to solve the Navier–Stokes equation and coupled to a finite-difference scheme used to integrate the dynamic equations of the concentration and of the polarization of the active component. By varying the relative amounts of the mixture phases, different structures can be observed. In the contractile case, at moderate values of activity, elongated structures are formed when the active component is less abundant, while a dynamic emulsion of passive droplets in an active matrix is obtained for symmetric composition. When the active component is extensile, aster-like rotating droplets and a phase-separated pattern appear for asymmetric and symmetric mixtures, respectively. The relevance of space dimensions in the overall morphology is shown by studying the system in three dimensions in the case of extensile asymmetric mixtures where interconnected tube-like structures span the whole system.

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Chaiya, Pornsit, und Thawatchai Phaechamud. „Compatibility between Magnesium Stearate and Pharmaceutical Acidic Active Compounds/Excipients with DSC“. Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.190.

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Compatibility investigation was performed between magnesium stearate and acidic drug compounds (ibuprofen, indomethacin and valproic acid) and acidic pharmaceutical excipients (lactic acid and citric acid) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC study indicated the possible incompatibility for the mixture between magnesium stearate and any compounds. Alteration in DSC thermogram was found in all mixtures. The eutectic phenomenon was found in the powder mixture of magnesium stearate and ibuprofen. In addition, the presence of melting endothermic peak of stearic acid in other powder mixtures except the mixture of magnesium stearate and indomethacin indicating breakage of salt form of magnesium stearate. This alteration could relate to the influence on physicochemical properties of drug compounds and pharmaceutical excipients which powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) should be further analyzed to confirm the interactions between compounds.

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KIDALOV, N. A. „DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE CLAY IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE MOLDING MIXTURE“. IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Nr. 7(278) (Juli 2023): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2023-7-278-42-47.

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This article is devoted to determining the content of active clay in molding mixtures depending on their composition. It is shown that the processing of the clay affects the amount of active bentonite in the mixture.

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Stoeckli, F., G. Couderc, A. Lavanchy, D. Wintgens und P. Girardin. „The Non-Ideality of the System Benzene + 1,2-Dichloroethane Adsorbed in Microporous Carbons at 293 K“. Adsorption Science & Technology 18, Nr. 6 (Juli 2000): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263617001493648.

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In the case of simple vapour mixtures adsorbed by active carbons, the activity coefficients seem to depend essentially on the composition of the adsorbed phase, rather than on the degree of micropore filling. Consequently, the liquid–solid adsorption equilibrium of benzene + 1,2-dichloroethane mixtures has been investigated at 293 K, using a typical active carbon and following earlier work for adsorption from the vapour phase. This system has the advantage that the mixture is ideal in the liquid state, which provides a convenient reference for the study of the adsorbed phase. The activity coefficients, as well as the excess enthalpy of immersion of the carbon into the liquid mixtures, provide information on the modifications in the adsorbed state with respect to the ideal mixture. It is also shown that the introduction of the activity coefficients derived from the solid–liquid equilibrium increases considerably the accuracy of the Myers–Prausnitz–Dubinin model for the adsorption of the vapour mixtures.

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Fields, Paul G., Sheila Woods und Wesley G. Taylor. „Triterpenoid saponins synergize insecticidal pea peptides: effect on feeding and survival of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)“. Canadian Entomologist 142, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2010): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n10-024.

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AbstractThe triterpenoid saponins soyasaponin I, dehydrosoyasaponin I, echinocystic acid 3-glucoside, β-escin, glycyrrhizic acid, hederacoside C, and α-hederin were tested alone and in combination with insecticidal PA1b peptide mixtures isolated from peas for their effects on the feeding and survival of a stored-product insect, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). There were two sources of peptides: a purified extract composed primarily of PA1b peptides and a partially purified extract (C8 extract) that contained mainly peptides and lesser amounts of soyasaponin I, dehydrosoyasaponin I, and other compounds. Dehydrosoyasaponin I, echinocystic acid 3-glucoside, α-hederin, and β-escin were active (causing reduced feeding and increased mortality) when used alone. Soyasaponin I, hederacoside C, and glycyrrhizic acid were inactive when used alone. Purified peptides and C8 extract were active when used alone. The mixtures of the inactive soyasaponin I and the active peptides were as active as peptides alone, even when peptides composed only 10% of the mixture. Similar trends were seen with the mixtures of β-escin and PA1b. In general, the mixtures of saponins and peptides were synergistic. Possible modes of synergistic action are discussed.

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Farouk Mansour, A., F. Pudil, V. Janda und J. Pokorný. „Changes during the extrusion of semolina in mixture with sugars“. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19, No. 1 (07.02.2013): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6570-cjfs.

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Wheat semolina and its mixtures with 5% glucose, fructose of sucrose were processed in a sigle screw extruder at the maximum temperature of 140°C and the processing time of 30 s. The nonenzymic browning was only moderate, but it was substantially more intensive in mixtures with glucose or fructose than in the case of wheat semolina or its mixture with sucrose. Red and yellow pigments were mainly formed. The odour acceptability was affected by the presence of sugars almost negligibly, but the intensities were different, higher in extruded mixtures with glucose and fructose than in wheat semolina or its mixture with sucrose. Small differences were observed in the sensory profile. Extrusion of semolina with sugars produced more sensory active volatiles (52–69 identified compounds) than in extruded semolina (41 compounds). Pyrazines, furans and pyrans were the most important sensory active compounds. Their amounts increased by the addition of sugars to semolina; the mixture of semolina with glucose was particularly rich in active compounds. The formation of pyrazines was more enhanced by the addition of fructose than of other sugars. Maltol, butyrolactone and acetic acid were present in large amounts. Even if sensory characteristics were improved by addition of sugars to semolina, the difference was not very pronounced.

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Binchiciu, Emilia Florina, Nicușor Alin Sîrbu, Ionelia Voiculescu, Victor Geantă und Gabriela Victoria Mnerie. „Research on Metallurgic Active Precursors“. Advanced Materials Research 1153 (Mai 2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1153.46.

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The paper presents the current state of researches carried out in order to improve homogeneity of mixtures for metallic powders; our priority is those with different participation in the mixture, by mechanical alloying. Mixtures of this type are used in the production of welding and related materials.Recently, research has been done to improve deposited metal properties by welding with coated electrodes, by depositing nanostructures, with uncertain results due to the low degree of homogeneity of blends involved in the electrode coating.The performance enhancement method for coated rods, developed by introducing in their coat activating precursors, used for brazing, is well known. The solution to improve the degree of homogeneity of alloying systems by mechanical alloying has been successfully applied for the manufacture of coated electrodes and those tubular with a composite core which are deposited by manual welding or TIG welding, type Fe25% Cr-4% W-V-Ti-La. The grouping of powder components for mechanical alloying was done in such a way that, finally, we have groups with the granulation, respectively specific weight, close and a low potential of segregation.The method of mechanical alloying of the components was used in the manufacture of coated rods in order to improve the fluidity of silver-rich buffer layers deposited in order to favor the diffusion phenomena of brazing alloys in the base materials.Testing the homogeneity of the alloying systems was performed indirectly by metallographic analysis and sclerometric tests.

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de Castro, Pablo, Francisco M. Rocha, Saulo Diles, Rodrigo Soto und Peter Sollich. „Diversity of self-propulsion speeds reduces motility-induced clustering in confined active matter“. Soft Matter 17, Nr. 43 (2021): 9926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01009c.

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Mixtures of active particles with more diverse swim speeds form smaller persistence-induced clusters. Their average cluster size is equal to that of one-component systems whose swim speed is the harmonic mean of the swim speeds of the mixture.

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de Castro, Pablo, Francisco M. Rocha, Saulo Diles, Rodrigo Soto und Peter Sollich. „Diversity of self-propulsion speeds reduces motility-induced clustering in confined active matter“. Soft Matter 17, Nr. 43 (2021): 9926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01009c.

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Mixtures of active particles with more diverse swim speeds form smaller persistence-induced clusters. Their average cluster size is equal to that of one-component systems whose swim speed is the harmonic mean of the swim speeds of the mixture.

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Ballu, Agathe, Anne Deredec, Anne-Sophie Walker und Florence Carpentier. „Are Efficient-Dose Mixtures a Solution to Reduce Fungicide Load and Delay Evolution of Resistance? An Experimental Evolutionary Approach“. Microorganisms 9, Nr. 11 (10.11.2021): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112324.

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Pesticide resistance poses a critical threat to agriculture, human health and biodiversity. Mixtures of fungicides are recommended and widely used in resistance management strategies. However, the components of the efficiency of such mixtures remain unclear. We performed an experimental evolutionary study on the fungal pathogen Z. tritici to determine how mixtures managed resistance. We compared the effect of the continuous use of single active ingredients to that of mixtures, at the minimal dose providing full control of the disease, which we refer to as the “efficient” dose. We found that the performance of efficient-dose mixtures against an initially susceptible population depended strongly on the components of the mixture. Such mixtures were either as durable as the best mixture component used alone, or worse than all components used alone. Moreover, efficient dose mixture regimes probably select for generalist resistance profiles as a result of the combination of selection pressures exerted by the various components and their lower doses. Our results indicate that mixtures should not be considered a universal strategy. Experimental evaluations of specificities for the pathogens targeted, their interactions with fungicides and the interactions between fungicides are crucial for the design of sustainable resistance management strategies.

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Ritcey, Anna M., und Robert E. Prud'homme. „Crystallization in mixtures of optically active polyesters“. Macromolecules 26, Nr. 6 (November 1993): 1376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00058a028.

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13

Smrek, Jan, und Kurt Kremer. „Interfacial Properties of Active-Passive Polymer Mixtures“. Entropy 20, Nr. 7 (10.07.2018): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20070520.

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14

Chernobabov, A. I., A. V. Turik, E. A. Tolokol’nikov, M. Yu Rodinin und G. I. Temirchev. „Chaotic dynamics in piezoelectrically active statistical mixtures“. Physics of the Solid State 51, Nr. 7 (Juli 2009): 1507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783409070476.

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Abdolrazzaghi, Mohammad, Nazli Kazemi, Vahid Nayyeri und Ferran Martin. „AI-Assisted Ultra-High-Sensitivity/Resolution Active-Coupled CSRR-Based Sensor with Embedded Selectivity“. Sensors 23, Nr. 13 (07.07.2023): 6236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136236.

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This research explores the application of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approach to enhance the selectivity of microwave sensors used for liquid mixture sensing. We utilized a planar microwave sensor comprising two coupled rectangular complementary split-ring resonators operating at 2.45 GHz to establish a highly sensitive capacitive region. The sensor’s quality factor was markedly improved from 70 to approximately 2700 through the incorporation of a regenerative amplifier to compensate for losses. A deep neural network (DNN) technique is employed to characterize mixtures of methanol, ethanol, and water, using the frequency, amplitude, and quality factor as inputs. However, the DNN approach is found to be effective solely for binary mixtures, with a maximum concentration error of 4.3%. To improve selectivity for ternary mixtures, we employed a more sophisticated machine learning algorithm, the convolutional neural network (CNN), using the entire transmission response as the 1-D input. This resulted in a significant improvement in selectivity, limiting the maximum percentage error to just 0.7% (≈6-fold accuracy enhancement).

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DRAKON, A. V., A. V. EREMIN, M. R. KORSHUNOVA und E. YU MIKHEYEVA. „EFFECT OF TRIFLUORIODOMETHANE ADDITIVES ON THE IGNITION OF MULTICOMPONENT COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES BEHIND SHOCKWAVES“. Gorenie i vzryv (Moskva) - Combustion and Explosion 16, Nr. 1 (28.02.2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/ce23160103.

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The problems of improving the safety of various industrial facilities dealing with combustible mixtures are constantly in the center of increased attention. The introduction of chemically active additives into the gas mixture is considered as one of the most effective ways to prevent ignition and explosion. One of the most promising highly effective and, at the same time, environmentally friendly additives is trifluoroiodomethane CF3I. Recently, the effect of CF3I on the ignition of acetylene and methane has been studied; however, combustible gas mixtures encountered in practice are often far from pure gases in composition and contain impurities that can significantly affect the ignition kinetics. In this work, an experimental study of the effect of CF3I on ignition delays behind shock waves of complex combustible mixtures, including mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (model mixture “synthesis gas”) as well as mixtures of methane with acetylene additives (model mixture “mine gas”) has been carried out. As a result of the experiments, it is shown that in mixtures simulating synthesis gas, CF3I additives lead to a considerable inhibition of ignition, while in “mine gas,” this effect turned out to be insignificant.

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Hoskovec, Lauren, Wande Benka-Coker, Rachel Severson, Sheryl Magzamen und Ander Wilson. „Model choice for estimating the association between exposure to chemical mixtures and health outcomes: A simulation study“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 3 (25.03.2021): e0249236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249236.

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Challenges arise in researching health effects associated with chemical mixtures. Several methods have recently been proposed for estimating the association between health outcomes and exposure to chemical mixtures, but a formal simulation study comparing broad-ranging methods is lacking. We select five recently developed methods and evaluate their performance in estimating the exposure-response function, identifying active mixture components, and identifying interactions in a simulation study. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and nonparametric Bayes shrinkage (NPB) were top-performing methods in our simulation study. BKMR and NPB outperformed other contemporary methods and traditional linear models in estimating the exposure-response function and identifying active mixture components. BKMR and NPB produced similar results in a data analysis of the effects of multipollutant exposure on lung function in children with asthma.

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Pieczyńska, Ochoa-Chavez, Wilczewska, Bielicka-Giełdoń und Siedlecka. „Insights into Mechanisms of Electrochemical Drug Degradation in Their Mixtures in the Split-Flow Reactor“. Molecules 24, Nr. 23 (28.11.2019): 4356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234356.

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The recirculating split-flow batch reactor with a cell divided into anolyte and catholyte compartments for oxidation mixture of cytostatic drugs (CD) was tested. In this study, kinetics and mechanisms of electrochemical oxidization of two mixtures: 5-FU/CP and IF/CP were investigated. The order of the CD degradation rate in single drug solutions and in mixtures was found to be 5-FU < CP < IF. In the 5-FU/CP mixture, kapp of 5-FU increased, while kapp of CP decreased comparing to the single drug solutions. No effect on the degradation rate was found in the CP/IF mixture. The presence of a second drug in the 5-FU/CP mixture significantly altered mineralization and nitrogen removal efficiency, while these processes were inhibited in IF/CP. The experiments in the different electrolytes showed that •OH and sulphate active species can participate in the drug’s degradation. The kapp of the drugs was accelerated by the presence of Cl− ions in the solution. Chlorine active species played the main role in the production of gaseous nitrogen products and increased the mineralisation. Good results were obtained for the degradation and mineralisation processes in mixtures of drugs in municipal wastewater-treated effluent, which is beneficial from the technological and practical point of view.

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Žižková, Nikol, Rostislav Drochytka und Patrik Bayer. „The Properties of Polymer-Modified Mortars Using Pozzolana Active Admixtures“. Advanced Materials Research 1129 (November 2015): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1129.185.

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The paper focuses on the changes in properties of cement and polymer-modified cement mortars when pozzolana-active admixture are added into the mixture. Natural and artificial pozzolans based on amorphous and mineral silicon dioxide were used. In order to explain the results obtained from the experiment and to gain new insights about the microstructure of the mixtures, equipment such as SEM sampling, RDA analysis, DTA and high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry were used.

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Alonso, D. G., J. Constantin, R. S. Oliveira Jr, J. G. Z. Arantes, S. D. Cavalieri, G. Santos, F. A. Rios und L. H. M. Franchini. „Selectivity of glyphosate tank mixtures for RR soybean“. Planta Daninha 29, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2011): 929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582011000400024.

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An active ingredients mixture of different action mechanisms is an essential tool to prevent or manage areas with resistant weeds. However, it is important that such a mixture provides adequate selectivity to the crop. The aim of this work was to evaluate glyphosate selectivity to glyphosate-resistant (RR) soybean, and also verify if there is selectivity in mixtures with other active ingredients applied postemergence aimed at new control strategies, which might be used in RR soybean cultivation. The herbicides and respective rates (g ha-1) evaluated were: glyphosate (720, 960, 1,200, and 1,440), and the mixtures of glyphosate (960) with cloransulam-methyl (30.24), fomesafen (125), lactofen (72), chlorimuron-ethyl (12.5), flumiclorac-pentyl (30), bentazon (480), or imazethapyr (80). All treatments were applied in postemergence when the soybean crop was at V2 to V3 stage. Treatments with glyphosate or in mixtures with postemergent herbicides showed visual effects of phytotoxicity when applied to the glyphosate-resistant soybean. Effects such as reduction in plant height, crop closure, number of pods per plant, and hundred grain weight could be observed. However, the effects related to plant development were mostly transient and did not persist during the crop cycle. Among the studied treatments, only the mixture of glyphosate and lactofen was not selective to the crop, promoting negative effects on most characteristics analyzed and consequently reducing grain yield.

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Yue, Peng Cheng, Pan Fei Liu, Jian Zhon Dong und Ping Ping Ding. „Research of Road Application Performances of Asphalt Mixtures with Active Mineral Powder“. Key Engineering Materials 599 (Februar 2014): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.599.218.

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In this paper the effect of Active mineral powder (AMP) on the fundamental behavior of asphalt concrete especially in moisture damage was studied. Polycyclic Soaking Marshall test and freeze-thaw and splitting test were used to investigate the resistance of mixtures to moisture damage. Dynamic stability of mixture was evaluated by soaking rutting and the fatigue life of asphalts mixture with and without AMP was measured by universal test machine (UTM). After adding AMP, Retained Marshall Stability, Tensile Strength Ratio and dynamic stability value of asphalt concrete is higher than that of non-containing AMP asphalt concrete. The failure life of asphalt concrete increased as adding AMP. The results showed that the addition of AMP could improve the performance of failure life and resistance to moisture damage.

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Valenti, Sofia, Claudio Cazorla, Michela Romanini, Josep Tamarit und Roberto Macovez. „Eutectic Mixture Formation and Relaxation Dynamics of Coamorphous Mixtures of Two Benzodiazepine Drugs“. Pharmaceutics 15, Nr. 1 (05.01.2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010196.

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The formation of coamorphous mixtures of pharmaceuticals is an interesting strategy to improve the solubility and bioavailability of drugs, while at the same time enhancing the kinetic stability of the resulting binary glass and allowing the simultaneous administration of two active principles. In this contribution, we describe kinetically stable amorphous binary mixtures of two commercial active pharmaceutical ingredients, diazepam and nordazepam, of which the latter, besides being administered as a drug on its own, is also the main active metabolite of the other in the human body. We report the eutectic equilibrium-phase diagram of the binary mixture, which is found to be characterized by an experimental eutectic composition of 0.18 molar fraction of nordazepam, with a eutectic melting point of Te = 395.4 ± 1.2 K. The two compounds are barely miscible in the crystalline phase. The mechanically obtained mixtures were melted and supercooled to study the glass-transition and molecular-relaxation dynamics of amorphous mixtures at the corresponding concentration. The glass-transition temperature was always higher than room temperature and varied linearly with composition. The Te was lower than the onset of thermal decomposition of either compound (pure nordazepam decomposes upon melting and pure diazepam well above its melting point), thus implying that the eutectic liquid and glass can be obtained without any degradation of the drugs. The eutectic glass was kinetically stable against crystallization for at least a few months. The relaxation processes of the amorphous mixtures were studied by dielectric spectroscopy, which provided evidence for a single structural (α) relaxation, a single Johari–Goldstein (β) relaxation, and a ring-inversion conformational relaxation of the diazepinic ring, occurring on the same timescale in both drugs. We further characterized both the binary mixtures and pure compounds by FTIR spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations to analyze intermolecular interactions. The DFT calculations confirm the presence of strong attractive forces within the heteromolecular dimer, leading to large dimer interaction energies of the order of −0.1 eV.

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Cohn, D. A., Z. Ghahramani und M. I. Jordan. „Active Learning with Statistical Models“. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 4 (01.03.1996): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.295.

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For many types of machine learning algorithms, one can compute the statistically `optimal' way to select training data. In this paper, we review how optimal data selection techniques have been used with feedforward neural networks. We then show how the same principles may be used to select data for two alternative, statistically-based learning architectures: mixtures of Gaussians and locally weighted regression. While the techniques for neural networks are computationally expensive and approximate, the techniques for mixtures of Gaussians and locally weighted regression are both efficient and accurate. Empirically, we observe that the optimality criterion sharply decreases the number of training examples the learner needs in order to achieve good performance.

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Kolb, Thomas, und Daphne Klotsa. „Active binary mixtures of fast and slow hard spheres“. Soft Matter 16, Nr. 8 (2020): 1967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm01799b.

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Monodisperse active and active/passive systems are subsets of a larger continuum of active/active mixtures. We find that an average of each species' activity weighted by its amount provides a quantity which tunes the dynamic and steady-state behaviors of active mixtures.

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Wang, Li Ming, Yi Qiu Tan und Zhen Wu Shi. „Characteristics of Different Warm Mix Asphalt Compacted at Low Temperature“. Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (Mai 2011): 3166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3166.

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Additives on low temperature compaction and performances of compacted mixtures, the author devised low temperature environment compaction test, and then, comparison tests of volume parameters, high temperature stability, low temperature crack resistance and water sensitivity were conducted. Tests results showed that the wax additives and the surface-active additive can significantly contribute to mixtures low-temperature compactibility. The wax additive helps to improve high temperature stability obviously, and has no significant contribution to low temperature crack resistance and water sensitivity. The surface-active additive directly reduces water sensitivity, the wax additive indirectly plays the role of reducing water sensitivity by increasing the density of mixture, and the foam additive has no obvious effect on the water sensitivity.

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KOCISZEWSKI, Arkadiusz. „Numerical analysis of spark plugs number influence on selected parameters of combustion in piston engine“. Combustion Engines 132, Nr. 1 (01.02.2008): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117286.

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The results of numerical analysis of combustion in multi-spark plug SI engine are presented in the paper. The outcome of computational analysis of lean mixtures combustion in engine with one and two spark plugs are compared. The output data was presented in graphical form as screenshots (temperature distribution) and as pressure and temperature courses in function of crank angle. 3D numerical modelling of combustion in multi-spark plug engine proved that improvement in lean mixture combustion process can be obtained by increasing the number of active ignition points. As conclusion it can be stated that numerical modelling results confirmed the favourable influence of applying two active spark plugs in lean mixtures combustion.

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Abraham, Douglas, James Gelb und Andrew Oldag. „Rayleigh‐non‐Rayleigh mixtures for active sonar clutter.“ Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2010): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3508463.

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Zhao, Jing, Shiliang Sun, Huijuan Wang und Zehui Cao. „Promoting active learning with mixtures of Gaussian processes“. Knowledge-Based Systems 188 (Januar 2020): 105044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2019.105044.

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Kolykhalov, I. V., und A. V. Patutin. „Multiple directional hydraulic fracturing with chemically active mixtures“. Journal of Mining Science 52, Nr. 3 (Mai 2016): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062739116030694.

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30

Soldera, Armand, und Robert E. Prud'homme. „Epitaxial Crystallization in Mixtures of Optically Active Polyesters“. Macromolecules 30, Nr. 10 (Mai 1997): 3107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma960489+.

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Pavlov, Boris D., Evgeny P. Kovalenko, Alexander P. Susla und Victoria A. Dmitrieva. „RESEARCH OF THE PROCESSES OF DECOMPOSITION AND COMBUSTION OF MIXTURES OF AMMONIUM NITRATE WITH ACTIVE COAL“. Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 65 (2023): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-65-91-28-31.

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The influence of active carbon of BAU-A grade on ammonium nitrate decomposition process is considered. It is shown that the introduction of even 1% of carbon can significantly reduce the temperature of the beginning of its intensive decomposition. The decomposition process is greatly influenced by the external specific surface area of the active carbon and its content in the mixture. The combustion of mixtures of ammonium nitrate with active carbon and the influence of various factors on the process are considered.

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Savych, Alona, Svetlana Marchyshyn, Halyna Kozyr und Nadiya Yarema. „Determination of inulin in the herbal mixtures by GC-MS method“. Pharmacia 68, Nr. 1 (25.01.2021): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e55051.

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The herbal mixtures due to the wide range of biologically active substances can influence on various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The carbohydrates, especially inulin, deserve the particular attention through their hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticholesterolemic and detoxifying activities. The aim of the study was to investigate the content of inulin in the herbal mixtures No. 3, No. 4, No. 7, No. 13 and No. 19, which are used in folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Ukraine. The quantity content of inulin was defined by the difference between fructose as a product of enzymatic hydrolysis and fructose, a constituent of sucrose and free fructose, taking into account the empirical factor for the conversion of fructose from inulin. The carbohydrates were separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after conversion into volatile derivatives as aldononitrile acetate. According to the results, the herbal mixture No. 3 contains 458.97 mg/g of inulin, the herbal mixture No. 4 – 99.21 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 7 – 139.93 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 13 – 203.84 mg/g, the herbal mixture No. 19 – 359.65 mg/g. The availability of inulin and its high content in the investigated herbal mixtures due to the presence of inulin-containing medicinal plants, such as Cichorium intubus roots (mixtures No. 3 and No. 13), Taraxacum officinale roots (mixtures No. 3, No. 7 and No. 19), Arctium lappa roots (mixture No. 4), Inula helenium rhizome with roots (mixture No. 7).

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Jabłoński, Maciej. „BET-Type Adsorption Isotherms for Gaseous Mixtures“. Adsorption Science & Technology 23, Nr. 6 (Juli 2005): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361705774859875.

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A formalism for describing the adsorption of gaseous mixtures at solid surfaces was derived as an extension of the BET theory. The following additional assumptions were made; the composition of all the adsorbed layers is the same and interaction occurs between the component molecules in the adsorbed layers. The proposed equations were compared with the experimental data obtained from measurements of the adsorption of an acetone—methanol mixture onto N-type active carbon.

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Derivaux, Jean-François, Robert L. Jack und Michael E. Cates. „Active–passive mixtures with bulk loading: a minimal active engine in one dimension“. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2023, Nr. 8 (01.08.2023): 083212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/acecfa.

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Abstract We study a one-dimensional mixture of active (run-and-tumble) particles and passive (Brownian) particles, with single-file constraint, in a sawtooth potential. The active particles experience a ratchet effect and this generates a current, which can push passive particles against an applied load. The resulting system operates as an active engine. Using numerical simulations, we analyse the efficiency of this engine and we discuss how it can be optimised. Efficient operation occurs when the active particles self-organise into teams, which can push the passive ones against large loads by leveraging collective behaviour. We discuss how the particle arrangement, conserved under the single-file constraint, affects the engine efficiency. We also show that relaxing this constraint still allows the engine to operate effectively.

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Medvetskiy I.V., Kuznetsova N. I. „Using of tank-type mixtures with herbicidal preparations for annihilation of non-desirable vegetation on objects of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation“. Journal of NBC Protection Corps 3, Nr. 1 (2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2019-3-1-65-74.

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The treatment of certain areas with tank mixtures of herbicides is a rational way of reducing costs of destruction of non-desirable vegetation at the facilities of the Ministry of Defence. The article is dedicated to the results of the evaluation of effectiveness of different modern herbicidal preparations and their tank mixtures during vegetative laboratory tests and field experiment. Monocotyledonous plants (pooideae including wheat), dicotyledon plants (legumes including kidney beans), sunflower family (including sunflower itself ) and cruciferous plants (radishes) have been tested. These families include most of the weeds, infesting non-agricultural lands. The doses of individual drugs that cause 50% and 70 % mortality of plants were determined by the method of probit analysis. The efficiency of tank mixtures was evaluated by the value of the coefficient of synergistic action. If the actual effects of tank mixture exceeds the expected, the presence of synergistic interaction of active substances and the effectiveness of tank mixtures considered to be established (preparations Goliaf+ Shkval for sunflower and pooideae; preparations Goliaf+Lintur for cruciferous plants). Otherwise, the combination of preparations was considered ineffective due to the antagonism of the active substances. The results of comparative experiments showed, that it is feasible to use a tank-type mixtures, containing herbicidal preparations Lintur+Goliaf+Shkval+Atron for the control or complete annihilation of non-desirable vegetation at military facilities

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Kannan, Govind, Issa M. S. Panahi und Richard W. Briggs. „Sequentially Adapted Parallel Feedforward Active Noise Control of Noisy Sinusoidal Signals“. Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2009 (24.06.2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/694290.

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A large class of acoustic noise sources has an underlying periodic process that generates a periodic noise component, and thus their acoustic noise can in general be modeled as the sum of a periodic signal and a randomly fluctuating signal (usually a broadband background noise). Active control of periodic noise (i.e., for a mixture of sinusoids) is more effective than that of random noise. For mixtures of sinusoids in a background broadband random noise, conventional FXLMS-based single filter method does not reach the maximum achievable Noise Attenuation Level (NALmax⁡). In this paper, an alternative approach is taken and the idea of a parallel active noise control (ANC) architecture for cancelling mixtures of periodic and random signals is presented. The proposed ANC system separates the noise into periodic and random components and generates corresponding antinoises via separate noise cancelling filters, and tends to reach NALmax⁡ consistently. The derivation of NALmax⁡ is presented. Both the separation and noise cancellation are based on adaptive filtering. Experimental results verify the analytical development by showing superior performance of the proposed method, over the single-filter approach, for several cases of sinusoids in white noise.

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Siebenhaar, Bernd, Bruno Casagrande, Martin Studer und Hans-Ulrich Blaser. „An easy-to-use heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, Nr. 5-6 (01.05.2001): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-072.

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Physical mixtures of alkali and earth alkali metal carbonates and commercially available zeolites were investigated as solid catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation. Best results for the model reaction between benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate were obtained for a 1:4 mixture of Na2CO3 with 4 Å molecular sieves (MS). The effects of the following parameters were investigated: structure of substrate, type and basicity of metal carbonate and zeolite, and temperature. Between 50 and 90°C chemical yields up to >90% were obtained without continuous removal of water and with reasonable catalyst activities and reaction times. Na2CO3 MS 4 Å proved to be active for the condensation of several aldehydes and ketones with a variety of active methylene components.Key words: Knoevenagel condensation, solid basic catalysts, zeolite sodium carbonate mixtures.

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Marioane, Cristina-Adela, Mădălin Bunoiu, Mădălina Mateescu, Paula Sfîrloagă, Gabriela Vlase und Titus Vlase. „Preliminary Study for the Preparation of Transmucosal or Transdermal Patches with Acyclovir and Lidocaine“. Polymers 13, Nr. 20 (19.10.2021): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203596.

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The present study aimed to prepare and evaluate patches for the controlled release of lidocaine/acyclovir and the binary mixture between lidocaine: acyclovir in the oral cavity. Mucoside adhesive patches containing 12.5 mg/cm2 lidocaine/acyclovir or binary mixture base were developed by a solvent casting method using sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), glycerol (Gly), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Span 80 (S). Binary mixtures between all components were prepared before the patches’ formulation in order to be able to check the substance compatibility. All formulated patches were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis analysis, thermogravimetry (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR and TGA analyses were also used to check compatibility between binary mixtures. The study establishes which membranes are indicated in the controlled release of lidocaine/acyclovir and those membranes that contain both active principles. Membranes based on alginate, PVP, and PVA can be used to release the active substance. Simultaneously, membranes with SPAN used as a gelling agent were excluded due to the interaction with the active substance. The following membranes composition have been chosen for lidocaine release: Alginate:Gly and Alginate:Gly:PVP. At the same time, the following membrane compositions were chosen for acyclovir membranes: Alginate:Gly:PVP and Alginate:PVA:Gly. Both active substances could be included to obtain a homogeneous distribution only in the membrane based on alginate, PVA, and Gly.

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Aruntaş, Hüseyin Yilmaz, Erkan Yildiz und Gökhan Kaplan. „The engineering performance of eco-friendly concretes containing diatomite fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag“. Acta Polytechnica 62, Nr. 5 (31.10.2022): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2022.62.0505.

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Approximately 10 % of CO2 is emitted from an ordinary Portland cement production. In cement and concrete production, CO2 emissions can be greatly reduced by using Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs). In addition, the microstructure and durability properties of concrete are greatly improved when silica-rich SCMs are used. In this study, Eco-Friendly concrete design was carried out using three different SCMs. Diatomite, ground granulated blast furnace (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) were used as the SCM in the concrete mixtures. SCMs were used instead of cement at ratios of 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %. When diatomite was used at the rate of 20 %, the standard consistency water increased 1.7 times as compared to the reference mixture. With the increase in the replacement ratio, the final setting times of the pastes increased. The high active SiO2 content of diatomite shortened the initial setting time and increased the compressive strength. The use of 5 % diatomite reduced the slump value by 57 % as compared to the reference mixture. The slump and Ve-Be tests of GGBFS and FA mixtures showed similar properties to the reference mixture. The 28-day compressive strength of concrete varied between 29.2–34.6 MPa. With the increase in the curing time of the concrete mixtures, up to 50 % improvements were observed in the compressive strength. Especially on the 180th day, a compressive strength of 44.1 MPa was obtained in concrete mixtures with a 10 % replacement ratio. While using the FA in the mixtures improved the abrasion properties, the opposite result was observed in the case of the GGBFS. It was observed that the mixtures with 5 % FA showed the closest properties to the reference mixture. As a result, it was determined that SCMs with different properties could be used in environmentally friendly concrete mixtures by up to a 20 % replacement ratio.

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Cinar, Muhammet. „Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 2 (08.01.2024): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020538.

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Türkiye is surrounded by active faults that have the potential to produce big earthquakes. Recently, one of these faults has become active. Two earthquakes of magnitude 7.7 and 7.6 occurred 9 h apart on 6 February 2023 in Kahramanmaraş. It is reported that 150 million tons of earthquake demolition waste (EDW) is estimated to be produced as a result of those natural hazards. This waste poses a serious risk to both the environment and human health. Its use in geotechnical applications will provide serious environmental benefits. In this study, Afşin–Elbistan fly ash (AEFA) and EDW were used to stabilize weak clayey soils in different proportions. Samples were prepared by separately adding 5, 10, 15, and 20% AEFA and EDW to high-plasticity clay. The AEFA used in this study was used because the production of AEFA is too high, and it is not used in concrete production because it does not comply with the standards and causes serious environmental problems for the region. The Atterberg limit, standard compaction, unconfined compression strength (UCS), triaxial, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on soil samples, and samples were prepared from soil mixtures with various proportions of AEFA and EDW added. In addition, clay mixtures were prepared with EDW by keeping the AEFA ratio constant at 15% and their effects were also investigated. According to Atterberg test results, the natural soil class was determined as high-plasticity clay, the soil class of the mixtures created by adding EDW and AEFA was determined as low-plasticity clay, and all ternary mixtures were determined as low-plasticity silt. In addition, the maximum dry density increased for all mixtures, while the optimum water content decreased. A significant increase was observed in UCS test results, especially in ternary mixtures. While cohesion increased in AEFA mixtures, it decreased in ternary mixtures as the EDW ratio increased. It was observed that the internal friction angle increased in all mixtures. According to CBR test results, it was determined that the binary AEFA mixture ratio was 20%, the binary EDW mixture ratio was 10% and above, and all ratios of the ternary AEFA + EDW mixtures could be used as road sub-base material. After the major earthquake disaster, the use of EDW is of great importance for the environment. As a result, AEFA and EDW were found to enhance the geotechnical properties of clay.

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Hadad, Ghada M., Alaa El-Gindy und Waleed M. M. Mahmoud. „Development and Validation of Chemometrics-Assisted Spectrophotometry and Liquid Chromatography Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of the Active Ingredients in Two Multicomponent Mixtures Containing Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, Nr. 4 (01.07.2007): 957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.4.957.

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Abstract Multivariate spectrophotometric calibration and liquid chromatography (LC) methods were used for the simultaneous determination of the active ingredients in 2 multicomponent mixtures containing chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride with ibuprofen and caffeine (mixture 1) or with propyphenazone (mixture 2). For the multivariate spectrophotometric calibration methods, principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS-1), a calibration set of the mixtures consisting of the components of each mixture was prepared in distilled water. A leave-1-out cross-validation procedure was used to find the optimum numbers of latent variables. Analytical parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, analytical sensitivity, limit of quantitation, and limit of detection were determined for both PLS-1 and PCR. The LC method depends on the use of a cyanopropyl column with the mobile phase acetonitrile-12 mM ammonium acetate, pH 5.0 (25 + 75, v/v), for mixture 1 or acetonitrile10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 4.7 (45 + 55, v/v), for mixture 2; the UV detector was set at 212 nm. In spite of the presence of a high degree of spectral overlap of these components, they were rapidly and simultaneously determined with high accuracy and precision, with no interference from the matrix excipients. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and laboratory-prepared mixtures containing the 2 multicomponent combinations.

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Jančíková, Veronika, und Michal Jablonský. „Exploiting Deep Eutectic Solvent-like Mixtures for Fractionation Biomass, and the Mechanism Removal of Lignin: A Review“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 2 (05.01.2024): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020504.

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Green solvents, which include deep eutectic solvent-like mixtures (DES-like mixtures), are categorized as ecological and economical solvents for the pretreatment and fractionation of different types of biomasses. DES-like mixtures represent a group of the most promising green solvents for lignocellulosic pretreatment and are currently used effectively in the biomass pretreatment process. The present work describes the latest applications of DES-like mixtures in biomass delignification processes and, at the same time, summarizes the mechanism of action and influence of DES-like mixture systems on the removal of lignin from different types of biomasses. The results of this review indicate that the physicochemical properties (acidity, hydrogen bond capacity, polarity, viscosity, and water content) of DES-like mixtures have a significant effect on the biomass fractionation process. In addition to the nature of components forming DES-like mixtures, the reaction conditions (temperature, time) influence the efficiency of delignification. Active protons obtained from the hydrogen bond donor facilitate proton-catalyzed bond cleavage during fractionation, where the most significant step is the destruction of the ether and ester bonds between polysaccharides and lignin. DES-like mixtures can depolymerize lignin with subsequent breakdown of the β−O−4 bonds.

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Murakami, Isao, Hiroyuki Hosono, Shigeto Suzuki, Junichi Kurihara, Fumio Itagaki und Machiko Watanabe. „Enhancement or Suppression of ACE Inhibitory Activity by a Mixture of Tea and Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) That Are Marketed as “Support for Normal Blood Pressure”“. ISRN Pharmaceutics 2011 (04.08.2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/712196.

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The ACE inhibitory activities of mixtures of FOSHUs (Healthya, Goma-Mugicha, Lapis Support and Ameal) were examined in order to identify any antihypertensive interactions. Among combinations of Healthya with other samples that contain active peptides, only that with Ameal was found to have no inhibitory activity. Enhanced activity was observed in 2 other mixtures. The activity of a mixture of tea polyphenols and the whey component extracted from an Ameal solution was significantly decreased, thus demonstrating that whey protein lowered the ACE inhibitory activity of Healthya. Although oral administration of tea polyphenols alone significantly decreased SBP in SHR at 2 and 4 hr, combined administration with Ameal failed to decrease SBP at the same time points. In conclusion, the simultaneous intake of tea and FOSHUs that contain active peptides might affect daily self-antihypertensive management via enhancement or suppression of ACE inhibitory activity.

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Sabra, Mads C., Henriette Gilhøj und Ole G. Mouritsen. „Steady-state organization of binary mixtures by active impurities“. Physical Review E 58, Nr. 3 (01.09.1998): 3547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.58.3547.

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Schmidt, Martin, Daniel Breite, Isabell Thomas, Marco Went, Andrea Prager und Agnes Schulze. „Polymer membranes for active degradation of complex fouling mixtures“. Journal of Membrane Science 563 (Oktober 2018): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.013.

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Vasil’ev, A. A. „Quasi-steady regimes of wave propagation in active mixtures“. Shock Waves 18, Nr. 4 (September 2008): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-008-0168-4.

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Zuev, V. S., A. V. Kanaev und L. D. Mikheev. „Xenon and hydrogen gas mixtures as laser active media“. Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 18, Nr. 8 (31.08.1988): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1988v018n08abeh012406.

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Gaire, Sudip, Michael Scharf und Ameya Gondhalekar. „Synergistic Toxicity Interactions between Plant Essential Oil Components against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.)“. Insects 11, Nr. 2 (19.02.2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020133.

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Management of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) necessitates the use of multiple control techniques. In addition to synthetic pesticides and mechanical interventions, plant-derived essential oils represent one of the control options. Mixtures of two or more essential oil components (monoterpenoids) exhibit synergistic toxicity effects against insects due to increased cuticular penetration. Monoterpenoids, such as carvacrol, eugenol and thymol, are neurologically active and inhibit the nerve firing activity of C. lectularius. However, the effects of mixtures of these monoterpenoids on their toxicity and neuroinhibitory potential against C. lectularius are not known. In this study, the toxicity levels of a tertiary mixture of carvacrol, eugenol and thymol (1:1:1 ratio) and a binary mixture of synthetic insecticides, bifenthrin and imidacloprid (1:1 ratio) were evaluated against C. lectularius through topical bioassays and electrophysiology experiments. Both a mixture of monoterpenoids and the mixture of synthetic insecticides exhibited synergistic effects in topical bioassays. In electrophysiology experiments, the monoterpenoid mixture led to greater neuroinhibitory effects, whereas a mixture of synthetic insecticides caused higher neuroexcitatory effects in comparison to single compounds. This study shows evidence for neurological mechanisms of synergistic interactions between monoterpenoids and provides information regarding the utilization of natural compound mixtures for C. lectularius management.

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Tretjakova, Rasma, Samanta Misiņa, Aurelija Deksne, Aija Brakovska, Jana Paidere und Sergejs Kodors. „THE APPLICATION PERSPECTIVES OF LAKE CLAY INFUSED WITH NATURAL ACTIVE AGENTS - ESSENTIAL OILS IN COSMETOLOGY AND DERMATOLOGY“. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (22.06.2024): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol1.7963.

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The aim of the research is to experimentally test and scientifically substantiate the mixture of lake clay and a natural active agent – essential oil, in perspective of its application in cosmetology and dermatology. Sensory properties of lake clay and mixtures of lake clay with essential oils were tested. The presence and quantity of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and aerobic mesophilic microorganisms in lake clay and lake clay with essential oils mixtures were determined. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), apple mint (Mentha suaveolans), and caraway (Carum carvi) essential oils, which not only improve the cosmetic value of the product but also act as antimicrobial agents and preservatives, showed the best results. They meet the requirements of Latvian Cabinet Regulation No. 354 “Procedure for Meeting the Significant Requirements for Cosmetics” and European Standard EN ISO 17516: 2014, Cosmetics - Microbiology - Microbiological limits.

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Arslan, Ayşe Merve, und Güzide Pekcan. „Chemometric Determination of Parkinson's Drugs Containing Multiple Active Substances“. Cumhuriyet Science Journal 45, Nr. 1 (02.01.2024): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1351879.

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In this work, the active ingredients of Entacapone, Levodopa and Carbidopa in drug samples used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease were quantitatively determined by Ultraviolet Visible (UV-VIS) Spectroscopy and chemometrics. Firstly, the spectra of each drug active ingredient were taken individually and then synthetic mixtures identical to the drug sample were analyzed. In our method, validation parameters were calculated for each method. Percent (%) recoveries were found on average for both the synthetic mixture and the commercial sample. The recoveries were quantitative for each method. The accuracy of the methods was tested by applying ANOVA test to the results obtained from the PLS and PCR calibration methods. The developed methods are reproducible, sensitive, and accurate, and can be recommended for the analysis of drug samples containing Entacapone, Levodopa, and Carbidopa

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