Thematische Bibliographien / Active mater

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Active mater“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Active mater"

Ma, He, Yu Wang, Lu Rong, Fangrui Tan, Yulan Fu, Guang Wang, Dayong Wang et al. „Correction: A flexible, multifunctional, active terahertz modulator with an ultra-low triggering threshold“. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, Nr. 30 (2020): 10474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc90146f.

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Scaffaro, R., M. Morreale, G. Lo Re und F. P. La Mantia. „Degradation of Mater-Bi®/wood flour biocomposites in active sewage sludge“. Polymer Degradation and Stability 94, Nr. 8 (August 2009): 1220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.04.028.

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Liu, Hanle, Shunhan Jia, Limin Wu, Lei He, Xiaofu Sun und Buxing Han. „Active hydrogen-controlled CO2/N2/NOx electroreduction:From mechanism understanding to catalyst design“. Innovation Materials 2, Nr. 1 (2024): 100058. http://dx.doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2024.100058.

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The development of renewable-energy-powered electrocatalysis meets the need for the sustainable society. With water as the proton source, it enables efficient production of chemicals and fuels from renewable resources like CO2, N2, and NOx under ambient conditions. Hydrogen generated via water dissociation is a crucial participant in transforming reactants into desired products, but it also serves as a direct source of undesired reactions when in excess. In this review, we first present an overview of the functional mechanisms of active hydrogen in the electroreduction of CO2/N2/NOx. We then introduce a range of methods to enhance our understanding of these mechanisms. Furthermore, a detailed discussion of design strategies aimed at regulating active hydrogen in the reduction of CO2/N2/NOx is provided. Finally, an outlook on the critical challenges remaining in this research area and promising opportunities for future research is considered.

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Jian, Yukun, Stephan Handschuh-Wang, Jiawei Zhang, Wei Lu, Xuechang Zhou und Tao Chen. „Correction: Biomimetic anti-freezing polymeric hydrogels: keeping soft-wet materials active in cold environments“. Materials Horizons 7, Nr. 12 (2020): 3339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh90071k.

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Jethwa, Rajesh B., Angelina Castro-Trujillo, Julia Valentin, Lakshman V. Kilari, Fernando Solorio-Soto, Stefan Stadlbauer und Stefan A. Freunberger. „Organic Bulk Liquid Redox Active Materials for Redox Flow Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, Nr. 4 (22.12.2023): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024534mtgabs.

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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one potential solution to grid-level electrical energy storage (EES) benefiting from a decoupled power and capacity scaling.1–3 High durability, long-calendar life, high efficiency EES with a low cost and fast response time is needed1,4 for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources.3 However, the low energy density3,5,6 and high capital costs5,6 of current systems preclude wide-scale deployment of this technology. In recent years, several new RFB chemistries have been explored to address these concerns.1,2,7 However, a high solubility for a high volumetric energy density remains a troublesome target.1 It is, therefore, no surprise that one growing trend in this regard is the design of redox active liquids (RALs).8–13 RALs provide a means of dramatically increasing the volumetric energy density of RFBs through either miscibility with typical supporting electrolytes, or by acting as both solvent and electrolyte themselves.9,12 In this work, we investigate a series of RALs that offer a similar theoretical energy density to conventional intercalation materials. A combination of computational and experimental techniques was employed herein for both molecular design and explanation of the physio-chemical phenomena. The candidate compounds were initially screened via electrochemical techniques to identify their electrochemical reversibility and stability. Exploration of the bulk properties was then carried out before system-level characterisation was undertaken. In tandem, the electrochemical and chemical stability of the samples was also investigated through the typical routes (NMR, EPR, UV-Vis). These systems show much promise for organic, tuneable electrical energy storage. Cao, J., Tian, J., Xu, J. & Wang, Y. Organic Flow Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives. Energy and Fuels 34, 13384–13411 (2020). Ding, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Zhou, Y. & Yu, G. Molecular engineering of organic electroactive materials for redox flow batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 47, 69–103 (2018). Alotto, P., Guarnieri, M. & Moro, F. Redox flow batteries for the storage of renewable energy: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 29, 325–335 (2014). Weber, A. Z. et al. Redox flow batteries: A review. J. Appl. Electrochem. 41, 1137–1164 (2011). Potash, R. A., McKone, J. R., Conte, S. & Abruña, H. D. On the Benefits of a Symmetric Redox Flow Battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 163, A338–A344 (2016). Wang, W. et al. Recent progress in redox flow battery research and development. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 970–986 (2013). Li, Z., Jiang, T., Ali, M., Wu, C. & Chen, W. Recent Progress in Organic Species for Redox Flow Batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 50, 105–138 (2022). Shimizu, A. et al. Liquid Quinones for Solvent-Free Redox Flow Batteries. Adv. Mater. 29, 1606592 (2017). Robertson, L., Udin, M. A., Shlrob, I. A., Moore, J. S. & Zhang, L. Liquid Redoxmers for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries. ChemSusChem e202300043 (2023) doi:10.1002/cssc.202300043. Chen, N., Chen, D., Wu, J., Lai, Y. & Chen, D. Polyethylene glycol modified tetrathiafulvalene for high energy density non-aqueous catholyte of hybrid redox flow batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 462, 141996 (2023). Smith, L. O. & Crittenden, D. L. Acid‐Base Chemistry Provides a Simple and Cost‐Effective Route to New Redox‐Active Ionic Liquids. Chem. – An Asian J. 18, e202201296 (2023). Zhao, Y. et al. TEMPO allegro: liquid catholyte redoxmers for nonaqueous redox flow batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 9, 16769–16775 (2021). Huang, J. et al. Liquid Catholyte Molecules for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1401782 (2015).

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Kawashima, Hirotsugu, Kohsuke Kawabata und Hiromasa Goto. „Correction: Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of a chiroptically active conjugated polymer showing green colour“. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, Nr. 5 (2015): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc90019k.

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Shen, Xingchen, Yi Xia, Guiwen Wang, Fei Zhou, Vidvuds Ozolins, Xu Lu, Guoyu Wang und Xiaoyuan Zhou. „Correction: High thermoelectric performance in complex phosphides enabled by stereochemically active lone pair electrons“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, Nr. 3 (2019): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta90286k.

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Gensel, Julia, Tina Borke, Nicolas Pazos Pérez, Andreas Fery, Daria V. Andreeva, Eva Betthausen, Axel H. E. Müller, Helmuth Möhwald und Ekaterina V. Skorb. „Active Surfaces: Cavitation Engineered 3D Sponge Networks and Their Application in Active Surface Construction (Adv. Mater. 7/2012)“. Advanced Materials 24, Nr. 7 (07.02.2012): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201290030.

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Schubert, Jasmin S., Leila Kalantari, Andreas Lechner, Ariane Giesriegl, Sreejith P. Nandan, Pablo Ayala, Shun Kashiwaya et al. „Correction: Elucidating the formation and active state of Cu co-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, Nr. 41 (2021): 23731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta90213j.

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Wu, Jung-Tsu, Hsiang-Ting Lin und Guey-Sheng Liou. „Correction: Synthesis and optical properties of redox-active triphenylamine-based derivatives with methoxy protecting groups“. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, Nr. 14 (2019): 4267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc90046b.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Active mater"

Fins, Carreira Aderito. „Matière active versus gravité : équation d’état et capillarité effectives de suspensions de particules autopropulsées“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10130.

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La matière active est un domaine en pleine expansion au cours de ces dernières années. Elle est constituée d'entités capables d'utiliser une source d'énergie pour produire un travail local comme de l'auto-propulsion. Cette matière, hors équilibre, possède des propriétés fascinantes comme l'auto-organisation telle qu'observée dans une nuée d'oiseaux. Cependant, cette matière ne se limite pas au vivant et des système actifs abiotiques ont été développés. En particulier, au cours de cette thèse, nous utilisons des microparticules auto-propulsées. Nos objectifs sont de comprendre comment elles s'organisent en présence de gravité et au contact d'une paroi. Notre système est constitué de colloïdes Janus Au/Pt capables de s'auto-propulser en présence d'eau oxygénée par des mécanismes phorétiques. Les colloïdes étant plus denses que l'eau, ils forment une monocouche au fond du récipient. Si ce fond est légèrement incliné, nous observons une sédimentation 2D. Pour les systèmes colloïdaux à l'équilibre, le profil de sédimentation renferme l'équation d'état du système. Pour les systèmes actifs, une équation d'état n'existe pas dans le cas général mais on peut toutefois définir des grandeurs thermodynamiques analogues. J'ai mesuré le profil de sédimentation de mon système actif et je l'ai confronté à des modèles développés pour des particules brownienne actives en milieu « sec » (ABPs). J'ai pu ainsi montrer que le rôle du fluide porteur ne peut être négligé. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés aux propriétés de mouillage de ce système. La matière active est connue pour présenter des propriétés de mouillage effectives mais aucune étude expérimentale avec un système analogue au notre ne s'est focalisée sur le phénomène de mouillage d'une paroi plongée à la verticale dans un sédiment. Nous montrons qu'il s'y forme une couche d'adhésion accompagnée d'une remontée de la densité à la paroi. Pour mieux comprendre les phénomènes observés, nous les avons confrontés à un modèle numérique d'ABPs pour lequel nous pouvons faire varier les interactions entre les particules et la paroi. En jouant sur l'adhésion et l'alignement à la paroi, on est capable de reproduire les résultats expérimentaux. En effet, l'implémentation de ces interactions à la paroi permet, dans une certaine mesure, de prendre en compte numériquement le fluide porteur et donc les interactions hydrodynamique et phorétique de nos colloïdes avec la paroi. On montre ainsi que ces interactions exacerbe grandement la polarisation de la vitesse de propulsion des particules à la paroi qui est en grande partie à l'origine de la remontée de densité. En effet, il a été démontré qu'en régime stationnaire et dilué, les particules loin de la paroi sont capables de se polariser à l'encontre de la gravité. Nous montrons que cette polarisation est amplifiée par un alignement sur une paroi verticale. De plus, l'ajout d'une attraction supplémentaire permet de piéger plus fortement les particules le long de la paroi qui vont alors remonter plus haut que ne le feraient des ABPs sans interactions avec la paroi. Au fur à mesure de leur ascension, les particules vont « s'évaporer » et chuter loin de la paroi conduisant à des mouvements globaux dans le système. La paroi agit comme un moteur de la circulation qui met en mouvement les particules dans le système de façon collective à une échelle bien plus grande que celle de la particule. Enfin, dans la perspective de caractériser la microrhéologie de la matière active, nous présentons également dans cette thèse l'ensemble des avancées sur la conception d'un nouveau microrhéomètre magnétique ainsi que les travaux sur la stabilisation des colloïdes sur des surfaces de verre dans l'objectif de concevoir des cellules d'imagerie sur mesure
Active matter is a rapidly expanding field in recent years. It consists of entities able to use an energy source to produce local work such as self-propulsion. Such matter, by being out of equilibrium, has fascinating properties such as self-organization as seen in a flock of birds. However, active matter is not limited to biological systems. Active abiotic systems have also been developed. Indeed, during this thesis, we study a system made of self-propelled microparticles. Our objectives are to understand how they organize in the presence of gravity and in contact with a wall. Our system is made of Janus Au/Pt colloids that can self-propel in the presence of hydrogen peroxide by phoretic mechanisms. The colloids being denser than water, they form a monolayer on the bottom of their container. Provided a small tilting angle, we can observed 2D sedimentation. For colloidal systems at equilibrium, the sedimentation profile contains the equation of state of the system. For active systems, an equation of state does not exist in the general case, but analogous thermodynamic quantities can be defined. I measured the sedimentation profile of my active system and compared it to models developed for active Brownian particles in a "dry" environment (ABPs). I showed that the role of the background fluid cannot be neglected. In a second part, we studied the wetting properties of our system. Active mater is known to have effective wetting properties, yet no experimental study with a system analogous to ours has focused on the wetting phenomenon of a wall vertically immersed in a sediment. We show that an adhesion layer is formed with the density rising at the wall. To better understand the observed phenomena, we have confronted them with a numerical model of ABPs for which we can vary the interactions between the particles and the wall. By playing on the adhesion and the alignment with the wall, we are able to reproduce the experimental results. Indeed, the implementation of these interactions at the wall enables, to a certain extent, to take into account numerically the background fluid and thus the hydrodynamic and phoretic interactions that our colloids have with the wall. We thus show that these interactions greatly exacerbates the polarization of the propulsion velocity of the particles at the wall which is largely responsible for the density rise. Indeed, it is known that in the dilute and stationary regime, particles far from the wall are able to polarize against gravity. This polarization is amplified by an alignement with a vertical wall. Furthermore, the addition of an additional attraction allows particles to be more strongly trapped at the wall, and rise higher than ABPs without wall interactions would. As they rise, the particles will "evaporate" and fall away from the wall leading to global fluxes in the system. The wall acts as a pump that sets the particles in motion in the system collectively at a much larger scale than the particle. Finally, because we want to investigate the microrheology on active matter, we also present in this thesis all the updates on the design of a new magnetic microrheometer as well as the work on the stabilization of colloids on glass surfaces with the objective of designing custom imaging cells

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Wioland, Hugo. „Self-organisation of confined active matter“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/248745.

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Active matter theory studies the collective behaviour of self-propelled organisms or objects. Although the field has made great progress in the past decade, little is known of the role played by confinement and surfaces. This thesis analyses the self-organisation of dense bacterial suspensions in three different microchambers: flattened drops, racetracks and lattices of cavities. Suspensions of swimming bacteria are well-known to spontaneously form macroscopic quasi-turbulent patterns such as jets and swirls. Confinement inside flattened drops and racetracks stabilises their motion into a spiral vortex and wavy streams, respectively. We have quantitatively measured and analysed bacterial circulation and discovered cells at the interfaces to move against the bulk. To understand this phenomenon, we developed a method able to measure simultaneously the directions of swimming and of motion. Experiments in drops reveal that cells align in a helical pattern, facing outward and against the main bulk circulation. Likewise, bacteria in racetracks share a biased orientation against the overall stream. Particle-based simulations confirm these results and identify hydrodynamic interactions as the main driving force: bacteria generate long-range fluid flows which advect the suspension in the bulk against its swimming direction, resulting in the double-circulation pattern. We have finally injected dense suspensions of bacteria into lattices of cavities. They form a single vortex in each cavity, initially spinning clockwise or counterclockwise with equal probabilities. Changing the topology of the lattice and the geometry of connections between cavities allows us to control the lattice state (random, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or unstable). Edge currents along interfaces and connections appear to determine the lattice organisation. We finally propose an Ising model to understand experimental results and estimate Hamiltonian and interactions parameters. This work opens new perspectives for the study of active matter and, we hope, will have a great impact on the field.

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Fürthauer, Sebastian. „Active Chiral Processes in Soft Biological Matter“. Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-90152.

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Biological matter is driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium by active processes on the molecular scale. These processes are usually driven by the chemical reaction of a fuel and generate spontaneous movements and mechanical stresses in the system, even in the absence of external forces or torques. Moreover these active stresses effectively fluidify the material. The cell cytoskeleton, suspensions of swimming microorganisms or tissues are prominent examples of active fluids. Active processes in biological systems often exhibit chiral asymmetries. Examples are the chirality of cytoskeletal filaments which interact with motor proteins, the chirality of the beat of cilia and flagella as well as the helical trajectories of many biological micro-swimmers. Moreover, large scale chiral flows have been observed in the cell cortex of C. elegans and Xenopus embryos. Active force generation induces force and torque dipoles in the material. If all forces are internal the total force and torque vanish as required by the conservation of momentum and angular momentum. The density of force dipoles is an active stress in the material. In addition, active chiral processes allow for the existence of active torque dipoles which enter the conservation of angular momentum and generate an active antisymmetric stress and active angular momentum fluxes. We developed a generic description of active fluids that takes into account active chiral processes and explicitly keeps track of spin and orbital angular momentum densities. We derived constitutive equations for an active chiral fluid based on identifying the entropy production rate from the rate of change of the free energy and linearly expanding thermodynamic fluxes in terms of thermodynamic forces. We identified four elementary chiral motors that correspond to localized distributions of chiral force and torque dipoles that differ by their symmetry and produce different chiral fluid flows and intrinsic rotation fields. We employ our theory to analyze different active chiral processes. We first show that chiral flows can occur spontaneously in an active fluid even in the absence of chiral processes. For this we investigate the Taylor-Couette motor, that is an active fluid confined between two concentric cylinders. For sufficiently high active stresses the fluid generates spontaneous rotations of the two cylinders with respect to each other thus breaking the chiral symmetry of the system spontaneously. We then investigate cases where active chiral processes on the molecular scale break the chiral symmetry of the whole system. We show that chiral flows occur in films of chiral motors and derive a generic theory for thin films of active fluids. We discuss our results in the context of carpets of beating cilia or E. coli swimming close to a surface. Finally, we discuss chiral flows that are observed in the cellular cortex of the nematode C. elegans at the one cell stage. Two distinct chiral flow events are observed. The first chiral flow event (i) is a screw like chiral rotation of the two cell halves with respect to each other and occurs around 15min after fertilization. This event coincides with the establishment of cortical cell polarity. The second chiral flow event (ii) is a chiral rotation of the entire cell cortex around the anterior posterior axis of the whole cell and occurs around 30min after fertilization. Measuring densities of molecular motors during episode (i) we fit the flow patterns observed using only two fit parameters: the hydrodynamic length and cortical chirality. The flows during (ii) can be understood assuming an increase of the hydrodynamic length. We hypothesize that the cell actively regulates the cortical viscosity and the friction of the cortex with the eggshell and cytosol. We show that active chiral processes in soft biological matter give rise to interesting new physics and are essential to understand the material properties of many biological systems, such as the cell cortex.

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Watson, Rose E. (Rose Elliott). „Active or Passive Voice: Does It Matter?“ Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501082/.

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This thesis reports on the use of active and passive voice in the workplace and classroom through analysis of surveys completed by 37 employees and 66 students. The surveys offered six categories of business writing with ten sets of two sentences each, written in active and passive voice. Participants selected one sentence from each set and gave a reason for each selection. The participants preferred active over passive 47 to 46 percent of opportunities, but they preferred mixed voice over both, 49 percent. The participants preferred active only for memos to supervisors; in the other five categories they preferred passive or mixed voice. Both males and females preferred mixed voice, and age appeared to influence the choices. They cited context as the most common reason for using passive.

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Steimel, Joshua Paul. „Investigating non-equilibrium phenomena in active matter systems“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111339.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 189-209).
Active matter systems have very recently received a great deal of interest due to their rich emergent non-equilibrium behavior. Some of the most vital and ubiquitous biological systems and processes are active matter systems including reproduction, wound healing, dynamical adaptation, chemotaxis, and cell differentiation. Active matter systems span multiple length scales from meter to nanometer and can vary depending on the shape of the active agent, mode of motility, and environment. However, active matter systems are unified in that they are all composed of active units or particles that continuously convert ambient, stored, or chemical energy locally into motion and exhibit emergent non-equilibrium collective dynamical or phase behavior. Active matter systems have been studied extensively in the biological context, as well as in simulation and theory. However, there are relatively few artificial or synthetic experimental model soft active matter systems that can effectively mimic the rich emergent behavior exhibited by many active matter systems. Such model experimental systems are crucial not only to confirm the exotic behavior predicted by theoretical and simulation systems, but to study and investigate the underlying physical phenomenon which may contribute to or even drive some emergent phenomenon. These model systems are crucial to help determine what behavior is due to purely physical phenomenon and what behavior requires some type of biological or biochemical stimuli. In this thesis, I will develop several artificial experimental model active matter systems that are able to effectively mimic and reproduce some of the rich emergent non-equilibrium behavior exhibited by several active matter systems or processes, like chemotaxis, in order to uncover the underlying physical phenomenon that govern this emergent behavior. I will start by designing an extremely simple active matter system composed of a single active unit and then build up in complexity by adding many active components, changing the mode of motility, and including passive components which may or may not be fixed. I will show in this thesis that this emergent behavior is guided by fundamental physical phenomenon like friction and the mechanical properties of the environment. The thesis divides this study into two Parts. In Part I, I will develop an artificial soft active matter system that is able to effectively perform chemotaxis in a non-equilibrium manner by leveraging the concept of effective friction. The active component in this system will be magnetic particles that are coated with a biological ligand or receptor and placed on a substrate with the corresponding ligand or receptor. A rotating magnetic field will be applied and the magnetic particle will proceed to rotate with the applied field and convert some of that rotational energy into translational energy due to the effective friction induced by the breaking of reversible bonds between the surface of the particle and the substrate. I will then create gradients in the density of such binding sites and by placing the magnetic particle on a stochastic, random walk the differences in effective friction will lead to directed motion or drift reminiscent of chemotaxis. I will show that this concept of sensing based on effective friction induced by a binding interaction is general and scales with the affinity of the interaction being investigated (i.e. protein-lipid, metal ion, electrostatic, antigen-antibody, or hydrophobic interactions). In Part II, I will build up in complexity and develop an artificial soft active matter system consisting of two active units embedded in a dense passive matrix in order to mimic the emergent behavior of many biological systems composed of both active and passive components. In this system, an ultra-long range attractive interaction emerges due to a combination of activity and the mechanical properties of the dense passive media. The range of the interaction can be tuned by changing the level of activity, the actuation protocol, the mode of motility, the composition of the dense passive monolayer, and the concentration of active units. Alternatively, if the passive components are fixed to the substrate, the active components undergo a disorder induced delocalization and exhibit super-diffusive transport properties. On the basis of these results, I propose several guidelines to developing novel artificial soft active matter systems which bear future investigation. The findings in this thesis represent a comprehensive study of the exotic emergent non-equilibrium behavior exhibited by many active matter systems by developing novel artificial experimental soft model active matter systems. These novel model experimental systems revealed some underlying fundamental physical phenomenon that contribute to some of the non-equilibrium behavior observed in the biological system of interest. These results may generalize not only to other simulation or theoretical active matter systems but potentially to biological systems as well. This work will be essential not only in guiding the design of future artificial experimental soft active matter systems, but can also be extended towards designing hybrid artificial-biological soft active matter systems.
by Joshua Paul Steimel.
Ph. D.

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Woodhouse, Francis Gordon. „Cytoplasmic streaming and self-organisation of active matter“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648534.

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Watson, Garrett (Garrett A. ). „A method for detecting nonequilibrium dynamics in active matter“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120209.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-56).
Active force generation is an important class of out-of-equilibrium activity in cells. These forces play a crucial role in vital processes such as tissue folding, cell division and intracellular transport. It is important to determine the extent of such nonequilibrium activity during cellular processes to understand cell function. Here we present a framework for measuring nonequilibrium activity in biological active matter using time reversal asymmetry based on the Kullbeck-Leibler Divergence (KLD), also known as relative entropy. We estimate the KLD from a stationary time series using a k-nearest neighbors estimator, comparing the time-forwards process to the time-reversed process Using time series data of probe particles embedded in the actin cortex, we establish a lower bound for the entropy production of cortical activity. Our results demonstrate a reliable way to measure the breaking of detailed balance in mesoscopic systems.
by Garrett Watson.
S.B.

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Ahmed, Israr. „Mathematical and computational modelling of soft and active matter“. Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/18641/.

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The collective motion of organisms such as flights of birds, swimming of school of fish, migration of bacteria and movement of herds across long distances is a fascinating phenomenon that has intrigued man for centuries. Long and details observations have resulted in numerous abstract hypothesis and theories regarding the collective motion animals and organisms. In recent years the developments in supercomputers and general computational power along with highly refined mathematical theories and equations have enabled the collective motion of particles to be investigated in a logical and systematic manner. Hence, this study is focused mathematical principles are harnessed along with computational programmes in order to obtain a better understanding of collective behaviour of particles. Two types of systems have been considered namely homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, which represent collective motion with and without obstacles respectively. The Vicsek model has been used to investigate the collective behaviour of the particles in 2D and 3D systems. Based on this, a new model was developed: the obstacle avoidance model. This showed the interaction of particles with fixed and moving obstacles. It was established using this model that the collective motion of the particles was very low when higher noise was involved in the system and the collective motion of the particles was higher when lower noise and interaction radius existed. Very little is known about the collective motion of self-propelled particles in heterogeneous mediums, especially when noise is added to the system, and when the interaction radius between particles and obstacles is changed. In the presence of moving obstacles, particles exhibited a greater collective motion than with the fixed obstacles. Collective motion showed non-monotonic behaviour and the existence of optimal noise maximised the collective motion. In the presence of moving obstacles there were fluctuations in the value of the order parameter. Collective systems studies are highly useful in order to produce artificial swarms of autonomous vehicles, to develop effective fishing strategies and to understand human interactions in crowds for devising and implementing efficient and safe crowd control policies. These will help to avoid fatalities in highly crowded situations such as music concerts and sports and entertainment events with large audiences, as well as crowded shopping centres. In this study, a new model termed the obstacle avoidance model is presented which investigates the collective motion of self-propelled particles in the heterogeneous medium. In future work this model can be extended to include a combination of a number of motionless and moving obstacles hence bringing the modelling closer to reality.

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Mahault, Benoît. „Outstanding problems in the statistical physics of active matter“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS250/document.

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La matière active, désignant les systèmes hors d’équilibre composés de particules étant capable d’utiliser l’énergie présente dans leur environnement afin de se déplacer de façon systématique, a suscité beaucoup d’attention auprès des communautés de mécanique statistique et matière molle ces dernières décennies. Les systèmes actifs couvrent en effet un large panel d’exemples allant de la biologie aux granulaires. Cette thèse se concentre sur l’étude de modèles minimaux de matière active sèche (ceux pour lesquels le fluide dans lequel les particles sont immergées est négligé), tel que le modèle de Vicsek qui considère des particules ponctuelles se déplaçant à vitesse constante tout en alignant leur direction de mouvement avec celles de leurs voisins localement en présence de bruit, et définit une classe d’universalité hors équilibre pour la transition vers le mouvement collectif. Quatre problèmes en suspens ont été abordés : La définition d’une classe d’universalité en matière active sèche qui décrit des systèmes de particles présentant un alignement polaire et un mouvement apolaire. Cette nouvelle classe exhibe une transition continue vers un quasi-ordre polaire doté d’exposants variant continument, et donc analogue au modèle XY à l’équilibre, mais n’appartenant pas à la classe d’universalité Kosterlitz-Thouless. Ensuite, l’étude de la validité des théories cinétiques décrivant les modèles de type Vicsek, qui sont confrontées aux résultats obtenus aux niveaux microscopique et hydrodynamique. Puis une évaluation quantitative de la théorie de Toner et Tu, permettant de mesurer les exposants caractérisant les fluctuations dans la phase ordonnée du modèle de Vicsek, à partir de simulations numériques à grande échelle du modèle microscopique. Enfin, la création d’un formalisme pour la dérivation d’équations hydrodynamiques à partir de modèles de matière active sèche à trois dimensions, ainsi que leur étude au niveau linéaire
Active matter, i.e. nonequilibrium systems composed of many particles capable of exploiting the energy present in their environment in order to produce systematic motion, has attracted much attention from the statistical mechanics and soft matter communities in the past decades. Active systems indeed cover a large variety of examples that range from biological to granular. This Ph.D. focusses on the study of minimal models of dry active matter (when the fluid surrounding particles is neglected), such as the Vicsek model: point-like particles moving at constant speed and aligning their velocities with those of their neighbors locally in presence of noise, that defines a nonequilibrium universalilty class for the transition to collective motion. Four current issues have been addressed: The definition of a new universality class of dry active matter with polar alignment and apolar motion, showing a continuous transition to quasilong-range polar order with continuously varying exponents, analogous to the equilibrium XY model, but that does not belong to the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class. Then, the study of the faithfulness of kinetic theories for simple Vicsek-style models and their comparison with results obtained at the microscopic and hydrodynamic levels. Follows a quantitative assessment of Toner and Tu theory, which has allowed to compute the exponents characterizing fluctuations in the flocking phase of the Vicsek model, from large scale numerical simulations of the microscopic dynamics. Finally, the establishment of a formalism allowing for the derivation of hydrodynamic field theories for dry active matter models in three dimensions, and their study at the linear level

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Peng, Chenhui. „ACTIVE COLLOIDS IN ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC ELECTROLYTES“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1480622734084146.

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Bücher zum Thema "Active mater"

ASP.net 2.0 design: CSS, themes, and master pages. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley, 2007.

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Berrios, Frank. Deputy Mater saves the day! New York: Golden Books, 2013.

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Ikh ishchut i zhdut materi. Nalʹchik: [s.n.], 2011.

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José, Franco, Ferrini Federico, Tenorio-Tagle G. 1947- und Elba International Physics Center, Hrsg. Star formation, galaxies and the interstellar medium: Proceedings of the 4th EIPC Astrophysical Workshop held at the Elba International Physics Center, Marciana Marina, Elba Island, Italy, June 1- 6, 1992. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Hunter, Stephen. The master sniper. New York: Dell Pub., 1996.

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Carter, David. The art of acting-- and how to master it. Harpenden: Creative Essentials, 2010.

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50 fabulous planned retirement communities for active adults: A comprehensive directory of outstanding master-planned residential developments. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press, 1998.

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Master Active Directory VISUALLY. Visual, 2000.

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Wise, Edwin, Pope und Markus Pope. Activex Master Handbook. Prima Publishing, 2001.

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Padilla, Dario. MHM2010 Active Hydrogen Maser - in Depth. Microchip Technology Incorporated, 2019.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Active mater"

Mestre, Francesc Sagués. „Emerging Concepts in Active Matter“. In Colloidal Active Matter, 115–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302292-5.

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Mestre, Francesc Sagués. „Modeling Active Fluids“. In Colloidal Active Matter, 139–86. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302292-6.

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Mestre, Francesc Sagués. „Concepts and Models for Dry Active Matter“. In Colloidal Active Matter, 187–206. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302292-7.

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Mestre, Francesc Sagués. „Particle-based Active Systems“. In Colloidal Active Matter, 23–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302292-3.

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Mestre, Francesc Sagués. „Fundamental Concepts: Isotropic and Anisotropic Colloidal Suspensions“. In Colloidal Active Matter, 3–22. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302292-2.

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Mestre, Francesc Sagués. „Introduction“. In Colloidal Active Matter, 1–2. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302292-1.

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Mestre, Francesc Sagués. „Protein-based Active Fluids“. In Colloidal Active Matter, 71–114. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003302292-4.

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Menon, Gautam I. „Active Matter“. In Rheology of Complex Fluids, 193–218. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6494-6_9.

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Pismen, Len. „Active Colloids“. In Active Matter Within and Around Us, 43–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68421-1_3.

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Pismen, Len. „Active Gels“. In Active Matter Within and Around Us, 113–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68421-1_6.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Active mater"

„Front Matter: Volume 10721“. In Active Photonic Platforms X, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2516829.

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„Front Matter: Volume 11081“. In Active Photonic Platforms XI, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2551009.

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SPIE, Proceedings of. „Front Matter: Volume 10345“. In Active Photonic Platforms IX, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2286377.

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„Front Matter: Volume 11461“. In Active Photonic Platforms XII, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2581583.

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„Front Matter: Volume 12196“. In Active Photonic Platforms (APP) 2022, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2661462.

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„Front Matter: Volume 12647“. In Active Photonic Platforms (APP) 2023, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3012976.

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Felbacq, Didier, und Emmanuel Rousseau. „Strong light-matter coupling in a quantum metasurface“. In Active Photonic Platforms X, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2320277.

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Menon, Vinod M. „Control of light-matter interaction in 2D semiconductors“. In Active Photonic Platforms XIII, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2594379.

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Ozdemir, Sahin K. „Controlling light and its interaction with matter at exceptional points“. In Active Photonic Platforms XII, herausgegeben von Ganapathi S. Subramania und Stavroula Foteinopoulou. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2569763.

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„Front Matter: Volume 11411“. In Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XXIII, herausgegeben von Duncan A. Robertson und David A. Wikner. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2572684.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Active mater"

Delhommelle, Jerome, Stefano Sacanna, Paul Chaikin und Mark Tuckerman. Energy-Efficient Self-Organization and Swarm Behavior in Active Matter. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2311802.

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DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD WASHINGTON DC. Software Master Plan. Volume 1. Plan of Action. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Februar 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada233157.

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Jastram, Andrew. Active Inner Veto for Improved SuperCDMS SNOLAB Dark Matter Search Sensitivity: Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juli 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1643944.

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López, Diana, Amai Tran und Stephanie Dawson. D11.1 REPO4EU Impact Master Plan. REPO4EU, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58647/repo4eu.202300d11.1.

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This document outlines REPO4EU’s overall Dissemination and Communication strategies, providing specific action plans to reach a critical mass. It also contains the compilation of all early stage promotional actions, brand elements designed and released to execute the outreach plans, including: the project’s identity system and brand templates, online channels and future publications within the project’s overarching Open Science strategy.

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Martinez, Monica, und Michelle Oliva. In Pursuit of Racial Equity: A Pathway for Action and Transformation in Education. EduDream, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62137/babg2923.

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This report highlights the current state of educational inequities and national efforts to address them through policy, resources, tools, and technical assistance. Based on our review of over sixty equity-centered resources, we find that few toolkits are explicitly designed for K-12 schools and districts. We make a case for practical tools and resources, such as the EET™, to support education leaders in their equity work. Finally, based on our analysis of federal efforts to advance equity and a new administration that is prioritizing racial justice, we outline immediate action steps the Biden-Harris administration can take on this matter.

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Striuk, Andrii M., Сергій Олексійович Семеріков, Hanna M. Shalatska, Vladyslav P. Holiver, Андрій Миколайович Стрюк, Ганна Миколаївна Шалацька und Владислав Павлович Голівер. Software requirements engineering training: problematic questions. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, Januar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/6980.

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The key problems of training Requirement Engineering and the following ways to overcome the contradiction between the crucial role of Requirement Engineering in industrial software development and insufficient motivation to master it in the process of Software Engineering specialists professional training were identified based on a systematic research analysis on the formation of the ability of future software engineers to identify, classify and formulate software requirements: use of activity and constructivist approaches, game teaching methods in the process of modeling requirements; active involvement of stakeholders in identifying, formulating and verifying requirements at the beginning of the project and evaluating its results at the end; application of mobile technologies for training of geographically distributed work with requirements; implementation of interdisciplinary cross-cutting Software Engineering projects; involvement of students in real projects; stimulating the creation of interdisciplinary and age-old student project teams.

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Bright, Damien, und Stefan Schäfer. A comparative study of the sociotechnical imaginaries of marine geoengineering. OceanNets, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d2.1.

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In this report, we claim that although there is no national deployment or consultation program for OceanNETs in the US, Germany, or Australia, the very idea is sufficiently open-ended to accommodate and even federate different development pathways for industrial-scale emissions reduction. We use the “sociotechnical imaginaries” concept to show how existing moral and political outlooks can, concretely, support the more abstract “need” for OceanNETs within overshoot scenarios. Thus, even without an endorsement of the feasibility or desirability of OceanNETs—as a matter of transnational climate negotiations, for example—it is possible to observe openings for large-scale transformations in ocean use under the description of “climate action.” Such changes are patchier than the imagined research-to-deployment pipeline considered in conventional depictions of OceanNETs, and, indeed, may take the form of those techniques often deemed most marginal to the OceanNETs research agenda, such as “carbon capture and storage” or “seaweed afforestation.” Moreover, the difficulty of engaging local communities in these ongoing changes is a structural feature of negative emissions technology development more generally. This difficulty can be understood not only as a matter of geography, but of the assumptions of net-zero politics, in particular the abstraction of the global carbon budget. This exposes OceanNETs to considerable political and moral instabilities expressed in—yet not reducible to—concerns over the “hype cycle” or “rogue action.”

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Hanna, Benjamin, Tom Bubenik und Barbara Padgett. PR186-203813-R01 Literature Review Pipeline Mid-wall Defect Detection and FFS Assessment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012076.

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A literature review on the current industry understanding of mid-wall cracking and its detection was conducted. A summary of key factors influencing mid-wall cracking and modern integrity management approaches for the phenomenon are summarized. Based on the literature review and subject matter expert interviews, gaps in the published industry knowledge were identified. These gaps will be used to drive work in the direction of backfilling the valuable information that may be used to mitigate the onset of mid-wall cracking and to identify the presence of mid-wall cracking so that the threat can be actively and effectively managed.

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Sultan, Maheen, und Pragyna Mahpara. Backlash in Action? Or Inaction? Stalled Implementation of the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act 2010 in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, Juni 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.030.

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The Bangladesh government adopted the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act in 2010. While the formulation and enactment of the Act was an achievement for the government and the coalition that championed it (the Citizens’ Initiative Against Domestic Violence, CIDV), its implementation has been weak. In Bangladesh, dominant social norms have led to stereotyping domestic violence as a trivial, personal matter, which has led to service providers delegitimising and deprioritising the issue. Combined with all the gender biases that operate within the judiciary and other government departments, this has resulted in an unsatisfactory use of the Act for women seeking redress from violence. This paper explores to what extent this lax implementation is due to the weak capacity of implementing agencies versus deliberate/intentional inaction in the form of backlash. It also examines how women’s rights organisations have articulated feminist voices in terms of agenda and framing and used collective agency to counter the pushback.

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Davies, Imogen, Anam Parvez Butt, Thalia Kidder und Ben Cislaghi. Social Norms Diagnostic Tool: Young Women's Economic Justice. Oxfam, Dezember 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8427.

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The tool’s methodology is rooted in a feminist and youth-led participatory action research approach to diagnosing social norms. It uses participatory and transformative methods to engage young people and other community members not just as research participants, but as agents of change identifying solutions to arising issues. The exercises recognize and examine unequal power inequalities through questions around who makes key decisions, whose opinions matter the most, who the most influential people are and the nature of their influence. hese exercises were developed for Oxfam’s Empower Youth for Work (EYW) programme for primary research from 2017-2019. This version of the tool was originally developed for use in the EYW programme in Bangladesh.

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