Dissertationen zum Thema „Actionneurs – Simulation par ordinateur“
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Lépine, Xavier de. „Contrôle modal de structures à partir d'un modèle condensé expérimental : application à un rotor sur paliers magnétiques actifs“. Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0127/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents an experimental condensed model that can be used for modal control of structures. This model is useful as it is easy to use, while it is efficient for control. Theoretical basics on which the identification relies on are exposed. The approach is validated numerically and experimentally. Its use for modal control is presented both numerically and experimentally. The application of the method is presented for magnetic actuators. The modal control approach with magnetic actuators is validated experimentally. The application to a rotor on active magnetic bearings is introduced numerically. The identification and control methods are exposed. The work concludes on the extension of the experimental condensed model to rotating machine balancing. A numerical study is applied to a rolling bearing rotor, and it can be exposed the reconstruction of the unbalance efforts acting on the structure during test run
Lépine, Xavier de Der Hagopian Johan. „Contrôle modal de structures à partir d'un modèle condensé expérimental application à un rotor sur paliers magnétiques actifs /“. Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=de_lepine.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimon, Franck. „Simulations numériques hybrides RANS/LES de l'aérodynamique des projectiles et application au contrôle des écoulements“. Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-95.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDai, Zheng. „Actionneurs piézo-électriques dans des interfaces homme-machine à retour d'effort“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research work is interested in the use of travelling wave ultrasonic motor within the framework of a context of force feedback as an alternative choice with regard to the electromagnetic motor which is often used in the haptic domain. So, from a study on the dynamic and mechanical characteristics of the motor USR30, we proposed a global model in GIC who takes into account the intrinsic not linear phenomena in the motor. By inverting this model of GIC, we manage to validate two types of control in force feedback; finally, by presenting the experimental results based of the platform of 1ddl of digitracker, the realization of a virtual environment which includes a virtual spring and a virtual wall becomes possible
M'Boungui, Gaston. „Actionneur piézoélectrique commandable en frottement variable pour application haptique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs a solution to the lack of compactness and simplicity often encountered in haptic interfaces, we propose a device based on friction coefficient control principle. This device includes polarised piezoceramics well adjusted and glued to a 64x38x3 mm copper-beryllium plate supported by four legs. Then, properly energised around a resonant frequency, with legs at antinodes, a stationary wave is created in the plate. Variable friction forces between the legs and the plane substrate are created by the control of the wave amplitude, according to electro-active lubrication. So the user obtains force feedback by holding the plate, and moving it on a plane substrate, as he couId do with a mouse interface. Preliminary psychophysical evaluation trends to assess the validity of the device as a force feedback interface able to sense limits or shape changes of objects from virtual environment in the future
Portaz, Christophe. „Contribution à la conception d'un superviseur de Contrôle Global Châssis“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe active chassis systems are used to improve the dynamic performance of car, remove the usual compromise of automotive design, offer the adaptability to situations and taxi driving styles. Where two active systems coexist, it combines their actions and make the best of this combination led to Control Global. . The objective of this study is to demonstrate the value of supervision of the actions of active systems (as opposed to the actuators is not communicating with each other or not) and provide tools to improve the performance of all created. After introducing the driving conditions typically used for evaluating the dynamic behavior of a vehicle testing or simulation, we present the active chassis actuators. We put in place the necessary simulation tools to study and evaluate the performance of active systems. When this assessment is done we set up a method of optimizing instructions sent to the actuators using different numerical optimization algorithms. The methods and tools developed in this study allow for further development of the Global Control Chassis propose operating points and distribution of tasks between the actuators, for the development of control laws
Matéo-Vélez, Jean-Charles. „Modélisation et simulation numérique de la génération de plasma dans les décharges couronnes et de son interaction avec l'aérodynamique“. Toulouse, ENSAE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ESAE0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeimandi, Pierre. „Modélisation mathématique et numérique de décharges couronnes pour le contrôle d'écoulement“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1072/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe interaction between a corona discharge and an airflow is a highly non-linear and multi-scale problem, in both time and space, and thus is very challenging to simulate numerically. In particular, the presence of a singular electric field leads to a slow mesh convergence and locally imposes very restrictive time step constraints that often lead to impracticable computational times. This thesis proposes a method that significantly reduces the time required to simulate such discharges. Using an asymptotic analysis in the vicinity of the electrodes, the numerical integration of the plasma equations is replaced by solving an approximate problem, where only the main phenomena of the dynamics of the discharge are taken into account. In this area, we assume in particular that the discharge development mainly follows the lines of the electrostatic field and can thus be described using a one-dimensional model. In the rest of the domain, the discharge is described using the reference model coupled with fictitious boundary conditions defined by the approximate model. Following this principle, two models are presented. The first one admits, under certain assumptions, a quasi-analytical solution while the other, more accurate, requires to be solved numerically. An extensive numerical study is then performed on experimental setups. The results validate the use of these models and show a decrease of the computation time by an order of magnitude while keeping an accuracy similar to the reference model
Drapeau, Julie. „Axicon conique à angle variable à base de ferrofluide“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27326/27326.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePérisse, Jocelyn. „Etude, conception et réalisation d'une suspension active d'un siège de véhicule routier pour l'amélioration du confort dynamique“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECDL0042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the study, the design and the realization on an active car seat suspension. It starts from the actual theoretical knowledge of active control of vibrations. In our case, we have applied an "active solution" to improve the comfort of car passenger. The comfort criteria (statical, postural, dynamical) which are now taken into account in the design of actual car seats, have been firstly reviewed. On this basis, we have chosen to develop an optimized suspension to solve the specific problem of vibratory isolation of the passenger
Du, Peloux de Saint Romain Bertrand. „Modélisation des actionneurs électromagnétiques par réseaux de réluctances : création d'un outil métier dédié au prédimensionnement par optimisation“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of electromagnetism, the reluctance networks are perfectly adapted to pre- sizing issues. However, their setting in equations is a tiresome task and often leads to errors, and suffers from a lack of dedicated. This work proposes to formulate this method in a general case, and then to implement it in a dedicated tool in order to automate the creation process of the model, starting from the designer's know-how. In order to improve the models, energies and force calculation are also proposed. Finally an automatic derivation of the model allows its compatibility with optimization algorithms that use the gradients. The simulation of the transient states is also approached through a methodology allowing to couple electric and mechanical parts, thus a complete dynamic model can be obtained. A close attention is paid to their formulation because of the integration of the differential equations by numerical methods
Béraud, Nicolas. „Fabrication assistée par ordinateur pour le procédé EBM“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process allows to build metallic parts from powder. Thanks to the geometric and mechanical quality of the parts produced, the EBM process can be used to manufacture functional parts and not only prototypes. This process, with other additive metallic processes, make it possible to consider a transition from 3D printing to metallic additive manufacturing.The use of additive manufacturing in an industrial environment requires compliance with quality, cost and time criteria for the parts produced. The production of manufactured parts involves a series of numerical stages which is called the numerical chain. The numerical chain has a significant impact on the three criteria mentioned above. Thus, this thesis provides an answer to the following question:How Computer Aided Manufacturing can improve the quality, cost and time of the EBM manufacturing process?This problem is addressed through the following underlying question:What are the required characteristics for a Computer Aided Manufacturing system adapted to the EBM process?In order to answer this question, the current numerical chain is analyzed. Three main limitations are found:- the use of STL files format- the process cannot be optimized at different scales- the process cannot be simulatedTo solve these issues, a CAM environment is proposed. It allows the centralization of all numerical operations in a single environment. All supported formats can be used within this environment, such as native CAD file formats or STEP format. Software developments are done to prove the feasibility of such an environment.The CAM environment implementation reveals the crucial role of simulation in this system. It is therefore necessary to answer this second question:How to obtain an EBM process simulation allowing the development of parameters, virtually?Although EBM simulation is a recurrent subject in scientific literature, existing studies are based on the finite elements method but the calculation time needed is too important to be used in an CAM environment. Thus, an alternative type of simulation is created in this thesis: a simulation based on abacus. It is composed of a finite elements model, that allows heat maps generation for standards cases of heating and cooling. These heat maps are then transformed in abacus. The simulation algorithm based on abacus search the nearest abacus from the simulated situation in order to estimate the temperatures at the next time step.This simulation method was used to reduce the calculation time while keeping a sufficient precision to optimize process parameters.With the simulation based on abacus, a tool for the optimization of melting strategies is developed. This tool allows quality improvement for the produced parts through the calculation of melting strategies according to thermic criteria.To summarize, the main contributions of this work are:- the definition of requirements specifications of a powerful numerical chain for the EBM process- the development of a CAM environment adapted to the EBM process- the proposal of a fast simulation for the EBM process, based on abacus- the development of a tool for the optimization of melting strategies
Djian, Francis. „Modélisation thermique des thermostats pour oscillateurs à quartz et applications“. Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLouin, Jean-Charles. „Effets d'hétérogénéités de teneur en carbone sur les cinétiques de transformations de phase et sur la genèse des contraintes internes lors du refroidissement d'aciers“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL077N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeat treatment is a process that needs the control of both final microstructures and residual stresses and deformations. Numerical simulation is a useful tool for a better optimization of this process. The aim of our work was to contribute to the development of a numerical tool for the prediction of microstructures, stresses and strains during cooling of pieces that may contain chemical heterogeneities, particularly carbon content heterogeneities. Firstly, an existing model for the prediction of transformation kinetics in steels has been further developped in order to take into account the effects of the carbon content enrichment of austenite due to a partial ferritic transformation on the subsequent transformations. Coupled thermal, metallurgical, mechanical calculations have then been performed to study the effects of carbon content gradients on the microstructural evolutions and on the residual stresses development during cooling. Particularly, the possible effects of solidification macro and mesosegregations have been quantified in massive cylinders with sizes close to the size of an ingot. Secondly, experimental validations have been performed for homogeneous cylindrical specimen (40CrMnMo8 steel) and for a chemically heterogeneous specimen specifically designed for our study. The complete set of input data necessary for the simulations has been established from experimental characterizations of the steel. The role of chemical heterogeneity has been analysed through the experimental and calculated results. Finally, a good correlation has been obtained between measurements and calculation of the deformation during cooling of a 3D "croissant" shaped specimen
Sech, Nicolas Le. „Photocathodes à base de nanotubes de carbone sur substrats semi-conducteurs de type III-V. Application aux amplificateurs hyperfréquence“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/14/43/PDF/These_N_Le_Sech.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFauchet, Gauthier. „Modélisation en deux points de la turbulence isotrope compressible et validation à l'aide de simulations numériques“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMenezla, Rabea. „Réalisation d'un logiciel de résolution de l'équation de poisson à trois dimensions : Simulation numérique tridimensionnelle du claquage des composants à jonctions P-N“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDo, Thai Phuong. „Simulation dynamique des actionneurs et capteurs électromagnétiques par réseaux de réluctance : modèles, méthodes et outils“. Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, CAO tools can significantly reduce the cost and time of the design phase of technology products, thereby the electromagnetic actuators and sensors. This thesis focus on the consideration of various issues to realize the dynamic simulation of these devices in the software RelucTool, a modelling tool dedicated to electromagnetic actuators and sensors via the network approach of reluctances. This tool, initially developed during the thesis of B. Of Peloux was able to do the calculation and static optimization. To take into account the dynamic mode, new models of magnetic materials and new methods of solution are studied and implemented. The implementation of ail these elements in RelucTool is achieved following a specifie methodology in software engineering for models capitalization
Joly, Cécile. „Simulations numériques d'un jet rond turbulent et de son interaction avec un tourbillon de sillage“. Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe general context of this study concerns the impact of contrails, these famous white plumes frequently observed in the aircraft wake, on the atmosphere. From an aerodynamic point of view, the formation of the contrails is characterised by the interaction between a turbulent jet and a wing-tip vortex. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the thermal and dynamic phenomena involved in this flow. This work is based on the numerical resolution of the three-dimensional, unsteady and compressible Navier-Stokes and energy conservation equations. Two approaches are considered: the direct numerical simulation and the large eddy simulation. A temporal simulation of the transition to turbulence of a non-isothermal jet is performed without accounting for the vortex flow field. A the end of this simulation, a vortex model is superimposed on the jet flow field. The first part of this thesis describes the two approaches, the different subgrid models chosen for the large eddy simulations, and the numerical techniques employed. The second part is devoted to the jet flow simulation, and here the objective is to determine the subgrid model appropriated to this flow configuration. The third part is dedicated to the simulation of interaction between the jet and the vortex. Results are compared to experimental data. The simulations have demonstrated the development of large scale structures all around the vortex core. The temperature field concentrates in the large scale structures
Quatravaux, Thibault. „Évolution de la modélisation du procédé VAR : contribution à la description de la dispersion inclusionnaire dans le puits liquide et à la prévention de défauts de solidification“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL037N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the modelling of Vacuum Arc Remelting process (VAR) using the numerical software SOLAR. The first aim of the study is a better description of several physical phenomena which occur during melting, in order to extend the application of the software to simulate the remelting of steel. The evolution in the modelling of transport phenomena in the secondary ingot is based on three major improvements: - lateral thermal transfer modelling, in order to take into account the formation of a gap between the ingot and the mould walls, a possible injection of a neutral gas, and the heating of water in the coolant circuit, according to its flow, - a better turbulence model, since the k-E model implemented previously in the numerical code was not accurate enough to correctly descri~ the flow of the liquid metal in the pool, - a new method to simulate the ingot growth, based on a cyclic operation of splitting and growth/migration of control volumes, which reproduces the continuous growth of the secondary ingot and allows for the refinement of the mesh close to the free surface. Finally, the improved model has been validated by comparison with experimental results provided from four remeltings carried out on full-scale furnaces. The second objective is the characterization of the quality of the manufactured products in terms of inclusion cleanliness and risk of freckles segregated channel generation. Ln order to describe the behaviour of inclusions in the liquid pool, a trajectory model, adapted to account for turbulent flows, was validated and then implemented in the code. Various particle behaviours were distinguished. A study on the risk of freckles generation led to the establishment of a criterion particularly weIl adapted to the process. A generalization of this criterion, suggested in this work, would allow the prediction of the probable orientation of such segregated channels
Ribot, Bénédicte. „Modélisation numérique d'un système de ventilation d'un tunnel routier par une trappe de désenfumage dans le cas d'un incendie“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYu, Qizhi. „Modèles de rivières animées pour l'exploration intéractive de paysages“. Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRivers are ubiquitous in nature, and thus are an important component of the visual simulation of nature scenes. In nature, rivers are dynamic, therefore animation of rivers is necessary in these visual simulation applications. However, animation of rivers is a challenging problem. It incorporates multi-scale surface details and flow motion, and many phenomena involved have complex underlying physical causes. River animation is particular difficult in emerging interactive applications like Google Earth or games, which allow users to explore a very large scene and observe rivers at a very small scale or a very large scale at any moment. Controlling the design of water simulations is another hard problem. The goal of this dissertation is to achieve real-time, scalable, and controllable river animation with a detailed and space-time continuous appearance. To achieve this goal, we break down the river animation problem into macro-, meso-, and micro-scale subproblems from coarse to fine. We propose appropriate models for each scale that capture relevant surface details and fluid motion. In the macro-scale, we propose a procedural method that can compute velocities of rivers with curved banks, branchings and islands on the fly. In themeso-scale, we propose an improved featured-based simulationmethod to generate the crests of the quasi-stationary waves that obstaclesmake. We also propose a method for constructing an adaptive and feature-aligned water surface according to the given wave crests. In the micro-scale, we propose the use of wave sprites, a sprite-based texture model, to represent advected details with stationary spectrum properties on flow surfaces. Armed with wave sprites and a dynamic adaptive sampling scheme, we can texture the surface of a very large or even unbounded river with scene-independent performance. In addition, we propose a Lagrangian texture advection method that has other applications beyond river animation. We demonstrate that combining our models in three scales helps us incorporate visually convincing animated rivers into a very large terrain in real-time interactive applications
Diener, Julien. „Acquisition et génération du mouvement de plantes“. Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe primary goal of my Ph. D. Has been to develop innovative animation techniques for virtual plants. Two main approaches have been explored: the reproduction real motion and real-time simulation. First, I have mixed vision algorithms and user interface in order to extract reliable motion data from videos. An innovative method has then been designed to estimate a valid hierarchical structure of branches using statistical study which is used to retarget the video movement on a wide range of virtual plants. Second, I have developed new animation method that computes the response of plants to interactively controllable wind. The main contribution has been to show that simple approximations of the wind load model leads to a drastic reduction of the run-time computations. The simulation algorithm takes full advantage of the parallel processing capabilities of computer graphics cards allowing the animation of thousand trees in real-time
Chen, Haifeng. „Système de simulation de spectres de masse assisté par ordinateur“. Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenchamma, Mérièm. „Réalisation d'un simulateur d'étude et de faisabilité pour la radiothérapie externe dynamique“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFarissier, Pierre. „Etude d'un modèle cartographique adapté à la simulation des écoulements en rivières“. Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonelli, Stéphane. „Contribution à la résolution de problèmes élastoplastiques de mécanique des sols et d'écoulements non saturés par la méthode des éléments finis“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEon, Antoine. „Contribution à la génération de mouvements dynamiques pour les robots humanoïdes et au dimensionnement de leurs actionneurs“. Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Eon-Antoine/2009-Eon-Antoine-These.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work developed in this thesis focuses on the study and the generation of walking and jumping motions for humanoid robots. The tools developed for this purpose are then used to assist their design. The first part presents a motion generation tool applied to the robot HRP2. The robot is approached by an inverted pendulum. This model is coupled with predictive control to compute the trajectory of the center of gravity. A dynamic walk is then synthesized by solving the Inverse Kinematics Model. Modeling errors are highlighted using multi-body dynamics. An effective correction is given. A method to solve the redundancy during double-support phases, based on a given distribution of forces and torques (ground/sole contact), is also proposed. The trajectories obtained are validated in terms of fall risk, actuators needs and slipping. Finally, substantial improvements are carried out, allowing the planning of dynamic quantities during the motion generation. In a second part, the previously introduced concepts are used to generate motions for a virtual human defined from anthropometric data. A movement extracted by motion capture is considered in order to study actuators needs for a population of virtual humans of different sizes and masses. The impact of these parameters on the slipping risk and on the location of the ZMP is highlighted. Finally, a database of motions judged meaningful is used to properly select the actuators of a robot of a given size and mass
Reimeringer, Michael. „Une méthodologie et des outils pour concevoir en tenant compte de la simulation“. Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMS001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimulation becomes incontrovertible due to the many advancement made in model, software and material. The use of simulation tools supply many advantages: study of alternative solutions, optimization of product, decrease or disparition of physical prototypes, assessment of manufacturing process, and reduction of cost and delay. Nowadays design is often done without considering subsequent step like simulation. However this step is indispensable
Chaillat, Stéphanie. „Méthode multipôle rapide pour les équations intégrales de frontière en élastodynamique 3-D : application à la propagation d’ondes sismiques“. Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/5233/01/these_chaillat.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimulating wave propagation in 3D configurations is becoming a very active area of research. The main advantage of the BEM is that only the domain boundaries are discretized. As a result, this method is well suited to dealing with unbounded domains. However, the standard BEM leads to fully-populated matrices, which results in high computational costs in CPU time and memory requirements. The Fast Multipole Method (FMM) has dramatically improved the capabilities of BEMs for many areas of application. In this thesis, the FMM is extended to 3D frequencydomain elastodynamics in homogeneous and piecewise-homogeneous media (using in the latter case a FMM-based BE-BE coupling). Improvements of the present FM-BEM are also presented: preconditioning, reduction of the number of moments, and formulation of a multipole expansion for the half space fundamental solutions. Seismological applications are given for canonical problems and the Grenoble valley case
Charentenay, Julien de. „Simulation numérique d'écoulements réactifs instationnaires à faibles nombres de Mach“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0724.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Jean-Luc. „L'abstraction fonctionnelle des parties contrôles des circuits pour l'accélération de simulateurs générés : une contribution au développement d'outils de C.A.O. de l'architecture matérielle“. Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoyère, Emmanuel. „Contribution à la modélisation numérique thermomécanique tridimensionnelle du forgeage“. Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0915.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJamme, Stéphane. „Étude de l'interaction entre une turbulence homogène isotrope et une onde de choc“. Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT046H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlbaki, Rachida. „Contribution à l'étude des propriétés dynamiques des métaux liquides simples par simulation numérique et modèles analytiques“. Metz, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2002/Albaki.Rachida.SMZ0205.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGassenbauer, Václav. „Illumination coherence for ligh transport simulation“. Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa simulation de la propagation de la lumière dans une scène est une tâche essentielle en synthèse d'images réalistes. Cependant, une simulation correcte de la lumière ainsi que ses différents rebonds dans la scène reste couteuse en temps de calcul. Premièrement, nous proposons l'algorithme de cache de luminance spatial et directionnel SDRC. L'algorithme SDRC tire parti du fait que les variations d'éclairage sont douces sur les surfaces brillantes. L'éclairage en un point de la scène est alors calculé en interpolant l'éclairage indirect connu pour un ensemble d'échantillons de luminance spatialement proches et de directions similaires. Dans la partie suivante, nous présentons un algorithme efficace et précis d'analyse locale en composantes principales LPCA pour réduire la dimension et compresser un grandensemble de données. Pour améliorer l'efficacité de notre nouvel algoritme celui-ci propage les informations issues d'une itération à une itération suivante. En choisissant une meilleure graine initiale pour les centroïdes des clusters dans LPCA, la précision de la méthode est améliorée et produit une meilleure classification des données. Enfin, nous décrivons des travaux en cours de réalisation concernant une méthode de ré-éclairage interactif d'une séquence animée en prenant en compte l'éclairage indirect. Le problème de ré-éclairage est représenté sous la forme d'une grande matrice 3D représentant la propagation de la lumière dans la scène pour plusieurs images de la séquence. Un algorithme adaptatif pré-calcule la propagation de la lumière en exploitant les cohérences potentielles
Zhang, Xiao Hui. „Simulation avancée des circuits micro-ondes“. Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVettorel, Thomas. „Polymer crystallization studies by computer simulation“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/VETTOREL_Thomas_2005.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSemi-crystalline polymers are of great interest for industrial purposes, and the complex structures they involve as well as the mechanisms leading to the formation of crystals make their study very challenging. We investigated polymer crystallization by computer simulation via different methods: An atomisticly detailed model was used to reproduce the crystalline structure of short alkanes at low temperature, and continuous heating simulations gave rise to a transient phase that is well characterized in experiments. The same realistic model was used to simulate continuous cooling of the melt, but could not yield crystalline structures in a limited simulation time. In order to reproduce efficiently the characteristic features of semi-crystalline polymers, we used another simulation model which addresses larger length and time scales: This coarse-grained model allowed us to study the crystallization phenomenon in detail with several order parameters to characterize the crystal and its time evolution. The detailed study of the structure factors of the high-temperature melt has also been investigated so as to determine the influence of the liquid phase structure on crystal formation. These different studies yield a better understanding of the influence on crystallization of the various parameters entering the definitions of the simulation models
Brocail, Julien. „Analyse expérimentale et numérique du contact à l'interface outil-copeau lors de l'usinage à grande vitesse des métaux“. Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6c282378-ea86-4bf0-8c06-48498e37e0da.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study relates to the characterization of the tool-chip interface during the high-speed machining of metals. The existing numerical approaches do not generate good correlations of the process variables, such as the cutting forces and the shape of the chip. Recent studies show that the determination of an interfacial law according to the contact parameters (contact pressure, sliding velocity and interfacial temperature) is necessary to describe more precisely the process parameters. Experiments were carried out on the upsetting sliding test that reproduces the mechanics and thermals contact conditions of the HSM process at the tool tip. This specific device has been adapted and the antagonists have been modified for this study. A friction law according to the contact pressure, the sliding velocity, and the interfacial temperature was defined for the tribological system AISI 1045 steel / uncoated carbide. This law implemented in a numerical model of orthogonal cutting (developed in Abaqus) offers interesting improvements
Mohamed, Kamel. „Simulation numérique en volume finis, de problèmes d'écoulements multidimensionnels raides, par un schéma de flux à deux pas“. Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the numerical simulation of stiff fluid flows, governed by sys¬tems of conservation laws with source terms (non homogeneous systems). Both one dimensional and two-dimensional configurations are considered. The numerical method used is an extension of the two steps flux scheme (SRNH), which depends on a local adjustable parameter aj+i and which has been proposed by professor F. Benkhaldoun in the one dimensional framework. In a first part of the work, aiming to extend the scheme to the two-dimensional case, we introduce an alternative scheme (SRNHR), which is obtained from SRNH by replacing the numerical velocity, by the local physical Rusanov velocity. Thereafter, the stability analysis of the scheme, shows that the new scheme can be of order 1 or 2 according to the value of the parameter 0j+1. A strategy of variation of this parameter, based on limiters theory was then adopted. The scheme can thus be turned to order 1 in the regions where the flow has a strong variation, and to order 2 in the regions where the flow is regular. After this step, we established the conditions so that this scheme respects the exact C-property introduced by Bermudez and Vazquez. A study of boundary conditions, adapted to this kind of two steps schemes, has also been carried out using the Riemann invariants. In the second part of the thesis, we applied this new scheme to homogeneous and non¬homogeneous monophasic systems. For example, we performed the numerical simulation of shallow water phenomena with bottom topography in both one and two dimensions. We also carried out a numerical convergence study by plotting the error curves. Finally, we used the scheme for the numerical simulation of two phase flow models (Ransom ID and 2D)
Dridi, Samia. „Essais de caractérisation des structures tissées“. Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0041/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, we interested to the study and the modelling of mechanical behaviour of weave structure. We begin by presenting the properties of tested materials thanks to tests of characterization. An experimental data base is established to analyze the mechanical behaviour of fabric under some solicitations, in particular the shear, using the technique of digital image correlation. Then, by adopting a hyperelastic approach, a simplified model is developed allowing to study numerically the influence of the report of tensile and shearing rigidities on the mechanical behaviour of woven fabric, further to an extension in 45. Finally, by basing on phenomenological approach, a hyperelastic behaviour law is proposed. This model is implanted in a routine Vumat. It is identified from the tensile and the shearing tests and validated by certain cases of composite reinforcement forming
Barrero, Daniel. „Simulation et visualisation de phénomènes naturels pour la synthèse d'images“. Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuilminot, Virginie. „La synthèse d'image animée : au-delà d'une simulation réaliste“. Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA majority of 3d films and computer graphics respect a realistic aesthetic. On one hand, I will analyse why such totally made images initiate a film or reality and on the other hand, I will try to offer alternativity in order to create an other aesthetic, not being realistic. Softwares need numerous scientific formulas, therefore the author, while manipuling it, will be the main actor to change the situation. This is the main point. Realism exists in every 3d application, such as research, tv, cinema, fiction, school and even often in creation. A few artists managed to escape from realism, i. E. : Joan Stavely, Tamas Waliczky or Michel Bret. Each has its own way of working but they all aim at the same: not to reach realistic simulation. I agree on this point and illustrate my thinking, I made three 3d films with more sensitivity than technical challenge. It is possible to avoid the trap of realism. Indeed, by manipulating and divert the software, one can obtain different 3d computer graphics. Step by step, a new approach to handle and to develop tools apears, and thanks to this, authors can create films other than realistic.
Nguegang, Bertrand Vidal. „Contribution à la simulation numérique du couplage thermomécanique en grandes déformations : Application à la simulation en mise en forme des structures volumiques“. Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCorvisier, Philippe. „Ecoulement de fluides thixotropes dans des conduites droites ou présentant des singularités“. Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10188.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is to put the focus on the interaction between the reorganization of the internal structure of a thixotropic fluid and the velocity field. Three cases were considered : a flow in a straight pipe, an entry flow and a start up flow. Velocity profiles were measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV). A flatness of velocity profiles, large vortex zones and a plug flow were observed. Then, a rheological study was conducted. It shows that a modified Quemada model with a fractional kinetic for the structural parameter l could be used. Moreover, to have a better understanding of the observed phenomenon in the pipe and to generalize the results, numerical simulations were performed. The finite volume code Fluent 4. 5 was adapted to deal with thixotropy by adding user defined subroutines. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results was observed. Moreover, the flow development was investigated by the analysis of the structural field
Rohani, Seyed Yahya. „Simulation numérique du comportement des matériaux granulaires“. Metz, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1995/Rohani.Seyed_Yahya.SMZ9541.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe theory of continuous media is not sufficient to explain the behaviour of granular materials, so it is necessary to consider the discrete nature of such media. A method that answers such questions is the distinc element method. The numerical simulation of the behaviour of Schneebeli analogical material (2D) and of granular materials (3D) is done by the distinct element method and by using the trubal program in order to reproduce numerically, certain experimental tests of the characterization of granular materials. The biaxial compression test and the simple shear test are done with rolls of PVC and glass and the trixial test is simulated with glass balls. The experimental results validate the method used and enable us to obtain the characteristic parameters of materials by different kinds of loading. The exploitation of numerical results highlights the fundamental role of the intergrain friction and the material density in order to characterize the granular media, enabling the analysis of the phenomenon of dilatance, localization and shear band. Finally, we applied this study to the behaviour of granular materials under push and trust effects, and in the case of ensiled materials
Zhang, Cun-Xiao. „Simulation numerique d'ecoulement turbulents autour d'un obstacle“. Nantes, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NANT2061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKoval, Junior Georg. „Comportement d’interface des matériaux granulaires“. Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4192/01/KOVAL.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we analyze the interface behavior of granular materials, and particularly the phenomenon of shear strain localization in the vicinity of a wall. Using an annular geometry with imposed shear velocity and confining pressure, we compare experimental and numerical approaches to describe this behavior. The experimental approach is composed of experiments with model materials in two annular simple shear devices (ACSA and mini-ACSA). We connect measurements of shear strain of the granular medium, obtained by correlation imaging velocimetry (ACSA) and by magnetic resonance imaging (mini-ACSA) to global measurements of the stress and volume variations. The numerical approach consists of two-dimensional discrete simulations (molecular dynamics). We study the influence of the geometry and the surface roughness on the behavior of the granular interfaces. In simulation, we complete the study with the analysis of inertial effects
Lhuillier, Emmanuel. „Transports electronique dans les super-réseaux : applications aux détecteurs infrarouges à grandes longueur d'onde“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/52/86/65/PDF/THESE_EL.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe low flux infrared imaging needs performant high wavelength detectors. Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP), thanks to the maturity of GaAs, the possibility to adjust the detected wavelength on a large range and to realize large uniform matrix are good candidate for such applications. In order to validate this interest, we have performed an electro-optic characterization of a 15µm sample. These measurements have been used to simulate the performance of a camera based on this QWIP and used in a low infrared photons flux scenario. We predict that this QWIP would succeed. Nevertheless these simulations also underline the detrimental role of the dark current. Thus we have developed a simulation tool based on a hoping approach between localized states, which provide us a better understanding of the transport in these heterostructures. The code has in particular underlines the role plays by the electron –ionized impurities interaction, which make the dark current very sensitive to the doping profile. Using this tool we have designed new structures, with optimized doping profile, in which the scattering rate has been decreased by a factor two. Moreover we have identified a quantum origin to the plateau shape of the I(V) curve. This code is more generally a useful simulation tool for the transport in hétérostructures. The influence of growth defects (non ideal interface and disorder) has been quantized and we have performed the first evaluation of The R0A in a THz QCD. Finally non local transport effects have been investigated. Saw teeth observation on the I(V) curves have been modeled and their influence on the detectivty estimated
Schaeffer, Nicolas. „Modélisation et simulation numérique des phénomènes de nucléation et de croissance en écoulement confiné“. Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0129.
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