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Hosoda, Yuri, und David Aline. „Embodied departure from focal objects in a lingua franca campus tour“. Pragmatics and Society 9, Nr. 3 (28.06.2018): 454–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.16033.hos.
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Abstract This conversation analytic study examines the interaction coordinated between two amateur tour guides and a guided visitor for initiating departure from various objects during a campus tour managed through Japanese as a lingua franca. The data come from a 40-minute tour at a Taiwanese university in which two Taiwanese students acted as guides for one American professor. The resulting analysis revealed the guided visitor’s active role in determining departure from focal objects through deployment of assessments and bodily movements. This study supports findings from previous research on various languages by providing empirical evidence that the following two phenomena are highly consistent across languages and that they hold true even in lingua franca interaction: (1) assessments are routinely deployed to close a sequence; and (2) assessments are made recognizable as initiating closings when they act in concert with sequential positioning, bodily movements, the environmental context, and objects in the immediate surround.
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Gadde, Naga Sindhura, und Kevin Yi-Lwern Yap. „Mobile Health Apps That Act as Surgical Preparatory Guides: App Store Search and Quality Evaluation“. JMIR Perioperative Medicine 4, Nr. 2 (30.11.2021): e27037. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27037.
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Background Mobile health (mHealth) apps are becoming increasingly common in surgical practices for training, education, and communication. Factors leading to increased delays, morbidity, and mortality in surgery include inadequate preoperative patient preparation due to a failure to identify patients and procedure details, and missing instruments and equipment required for the procedure. Many apps are available for supporting preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care. However, there is a lack of studies that assess the quality of apps that act as surgical preparatory guides. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of apps that act as surgical preparatory guides for operating room personnel through an in-house quality assessment tool. Methods The quality assessment tool comprises 35 questions categorized into 5 sections: (1) engagement (customization, interactivity, target audience; 19 points), (2) functionality (performance, ease of use, navigation; 12 points), (3) aesthetics (layout, visual appeal; 6 points), (4) information (quality and quantity of information, visual information, credibility; 29 points), and (5) privacy and security (4 points). An app search was conducted in the Australian Apple and Google Play stores using the following keywords: “surgical apps”, “surgical preferences”, “surgeon preferences”, “operating room”, and “perioperative procedures”. The overall total scores and scores for each section were reported as medians and IQRs, expressed as raw scores and percentages. Results A total of 5 unique apps were evaluated on both iOS and Android platforms. The median overall score across all apps was 35/70 (50%; IQR 38.6%-64.3%). ScrubUp (48/70, 69%) and MySurgeon (42/70, 60%) had the highest overall scores, followed by PrefCard (35/70, 50%) and Scrubnote (28/70, 40%). The lowest scoring app was BrainPadd (26/70, 37%). The sections with the highest median scores, in decreasing order, were privacy and security (4/4, 100%; IQR 75%-100%), aesthetics (5/6, 83%; IQR 75%-91.7%), engagement (15/19, 79%; IQR 57.9%-86.8%), functionality (7/12, 58%; IQR 29.2%-75%), and information (5/29, 17%; IQR 15.5%-34.5%). Most apps scored well (4/4, 100%) on privacy and security, except for Scrubnote (2/4, 50%). ScrubUp received a perfect score for aesthetics (6/6, 100%). MySurgeon (17/19, 90%) had the highest engagement score, while ScrubUp and MySurgeon had the highest functionality scores (9/12, 75% each). All apps scored below 50% for the information section, with ScrubUp having the highest score of 13/29 (45%). Conclusions ScrubUp and MySurgeon had the highest quality scores and can be used as adjuncts to hospital protocols by operating room personnel for their surgical preparation. Developers are encouraged to develop appropriate apps for surgical preparation based on relevant guidelines and standards, as well as the quality evaluation criteria in our tool. Operating room personnel can also use this tool as a guide to select and assess their preferred apps in their practices.
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Moon, Hyung-Il, Sang-Woo Han, Saemi Shin und Sang-Hoon Byeon. „Comparison of the Qualitative and the Quantitative Risk Assessment of Hazardous Substances Requiring Management under the Occupational Safety and Health Act in South Korea“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 3 (02.02.2021): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031354.
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The risk assessment of hazardous substances has become increasingly important for the efficient prevention and management of various diseases or accidents caused by increased amounts of hazardous substances in the workplace. In this study, risk assessment was conducted for 36 kinds of hazardous substances requiring management by using qualitative and quantitative risk assessments. Qualitative risk assessment was performed by multiplying the exposure level class by the hazard class according to the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency’s (KOSHA) Chemical Hazard Risk Management (CHARM). The quantitative risk assessment was followed by a four-step risk assessment system presented in the Guidelines for Hazard Risk Assessment of Chemicals (KOSHA GUIDE W-6-2016). In the quantitative assessments, we presented a new method of classifying risk levels into four steps, much like qualitative assessments. In this study, the quantitative risk assessment was considered difficult to predict through qualitative risk assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a quantitative risk assessment after a qualitative risk assessment for a higher level of risk assessment.
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Giusti Gestri, Lisa. „Assessment of Design Values in Designing Product Standards: A Design Study on a Sport PPE“. International Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 9, Nr. 1 (02.04.2024): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20240901.13.
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Participation in sports requires using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to preserve athletes’ well-being. Although equipment may negatively impact performance, governing bodies often impose standards on participants subject to their jurisdiction. Although the vast majority of new products are incremental innovations, radical innovation still attracts design researchers' and professionals' attention. The design of complex systems needs the expertise of various kinds: designers are fundamental in conceiving innovations in response to developing ways of product use and customer needs, despite they must face product standards, which often act against product innovation. Despite product innovations benefiting consumers in many markets, they do not necessarily benefit consumers in sports PPE markets. In this paper, the author reflects on an ethnographic case study and the importance of the involvement of end and co-dependent users in the design of sports PPE. For this study, the design of the Australian safety vests for jockeys, frequently overlooked, was examined for incremental innovation and its relationship with its standards. This was inspiring to consider an assessment of design values in designing product standards in the sports field. As co-design is increasingly applied across multiple sectors, there is a huge need for practical design guides to support product development and co-designing with users. Further research in this field is highly recommended.
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Kimori, David. „Investigating Science Teacher Candidates’ Assessment Practices Using Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA)“. Journal of Education and Training 6, Nr. 1 (31.12.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jet.v6i1.13441.
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The emerging paradigm in assessment argues for teachers to assess student thinking, as opposed to factual recall, thus calling for alternative-performance, project, and portfolio-based assessments that align with constructivist and sociocultural views of learning (Resnick & Resnick, 1992; Shepard, 2000). In this study, three science teacher candidates’ experience in assessing students is documented. Data analysis was from open-prompt surveys, 15 Teacher Performance Assessment edTPA artifacts collected from the three teacher candidates, and individual interviews. Findings indicated that science teacher candidates made deliberate efforts in giving students feedback to guide their learning but they struggled with strategies that encourage students to appropriately use that feedback once given to them. We argue that broadening how teacher candidates analyze assessment and feedback given to students in science classes should not only indicate correct or incorrect responses, but also act as a guide for future learning and reveal students’ strengths.
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Geofakta Razali und Naurissa Biasini. „PERCEPTIONS OF AMBITIOUS BEHAVIOR PATTERNS IN STUDENT ACADEMIC COMPETITION“. Global Synthesis in Education Journal 1, Nr. 2 (20.01.2024): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.61667/bqsaxm31.
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Perception is the process through which we assess others, focusing on the aspects of human behavior we choose to observe. This study delves into the perception of students' ambitious attitudes, an area still shrouded in debate over whether such ambition is beneficial or detrimental within student circles. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of this topic through literature reviews and support it with social judgment theory, which explores the "ego involvement" in an individual's interactions with others. This overarching view guides our examination of a common yet potentially significant psychological phenomenon among students. Sociopsychology, a branch of communication theory grounded in psychological (behavioral) evaluation, provides insight into the psychological orientation of information assessment. This approach in sociopsychological communication studies helps us understand why individuals act as they do, not just through their words but also through non-verbal actions such as tone of voice, body movement, and facial expressions.
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Taako, George Edema, Edward Andama und James Karatu Kiemo. „An Evaluation of the Participation of the Affected Public in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) For Manufacturing and Processing Industries in the Central Region of Uganda“. East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 6, Nr. 1 (03.11.2023): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.6.1.1548.
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Environmental impact assessment (EIA) was legally introduced in Uganda through the National Environment Act (NEA) 1995 (now NEA 2019) and made operational by the EIA Regulations 1998. Since the origin of EIA from the National Environment Policy Act of 1970 in the USA, public participation has taken an essential part of the EIA process. This paper assesses the legal provisions for public participation in the EIA process and the actual practice in Uganda, particularly the affected public. Data was collected using a literature review, survey questionnaire, interview guides and documentary analysis. The results indicated fairly good legal provisions for public participation and involvement in EIA. However, public participation was not well legislated in the early phases of the EIA process (preparation of project brief, screening, and scoping) and the later phases, particularly final decision-making and EIA follow-up. There were gaps between the law and the actual practice due to many contextual factors, including public participation, weak monitoring by the regulator, weak community cohesion and environmental stewardship, limited dissemination of EIA information and lack of community awareness of projects' potential environmental, social and health impacts. The study made recommendations to promote the participation of the affected public in the EIA process
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McWilliams, Andrew, Kevin Ariyo, Anthony S. David und Gareth S. Owen. „Mental capacity assessment in the multi-professional real world: a qualitative study of six areas of uncertainty“. Wellcome Open Research 9 (24.04.2024): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20952.1.
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Background The Mental Capacity Act 2005 of England and Wales is a ground-breaking piece of legislation with reach into healthcare, social care and legal settings. Professionals have needed to develop skills to assess mental capacity and handle malign influence, but it is unclear how assessments are implemented in real world settings. Our previously reported survey found professionals juggling competing resources in complex systems, often struggling to stay up to date with law. The current follow-up study uses one-to-one interviews of professionals to characterise in detail six areas of uncertainty faced when assessing mental capacity, whilst suggesting ways to make improvements. Methods Forty-four healthcare, social care and legal professionals were interviewed, using a semi-structured topic guide. Transcripts were analysed using framework analysis: a qualitative technique built to investigate healthcare policy. Results Our topic guide generated 21 themes. In relation to the six areas of uncertainty: 1) Many participants stressed the importance of capturing a holistic view, adding that their own profession was best-placed for this - although a medical diagnosis was often needed. 2) The presumption of capacity was a laudable aim, though not always easy to operationalise and occasionally being open to abuse. 3) There was cautious interest in psychometric testing, providing a cognitive context for decisions. 4) Undue influence was infrequent, but remained under-emphasised in training. 5) Multi-professional assessments were common, despite doubts about fitting these within local resources and the law. 6) Remote assessment was generally acceptable, if inadequate for identifying coercion. Conclusions Practical constraints and competing demands were reported by professionals working within real world systems. Assessment processes must be versatile, equally applicable in routine and emergency settings, across diverse decisional types, for both generalist and specialist assessors, and able to handle coercion. Recognising these challenges will guide development of best practices in assessment and associated policy.
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Ulikaye, Robin A., und Rajendran Britto. „Assessment of Electronic Media Laws in Enhancing Media Operation Services in Tanzania: A Case of Three Selected Media Laws“. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, Nr. V (2023): 658–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.70553.
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This study assessed the Electronic Media Laws in Tanzania and their impact on the enhancement of media operation services in the country. The study focuses on three selected media laws: the Media Service Act 2016, Electronic and Postal Communication Act 2010, and Cyber Crimes Act 2015. These laws have been in place for several years and are expected to improve the quality of media services by ensuring that they are conducted in a fair and ethical manner. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study was conducted in the Dar es Salaam and Mbeya regions of Tanzania, with a sample size of 80 participants, including members of the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority (TCRA), press clubs, and journalists. The study was guided by three research objectives: to identify the various laws used by the TCRA in regulating the communications sector, to examine the enforcement of selected media legislations and to assess the impact of these laws and regulations on media and the broader communication sector in Tanzania. The study employed a qualitative research design, using interviews and document analysis to collect data. The data collected were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the selected media laws have had a positive impact on the media industry in Tanzania by enhancing media operation services. Specifically, the Media Service Act 2016 has improved media ethics and professionalism, the Electronic and Postal Communication Act 2010 has enhanced the efficiency of media service delivery, and the Cyber Crimes Act 2015 has improved media security. The study concludes that the Electronic Media Laws in Tanzania have played a critical role in enhancing media operation services in the country.
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Mufti, Samina, Ifrah Khalil, Haroon Rashid, Shahnawaz Hamid, Hammad Mufti und Farooq A. Jan. „Critical analysis of fire incidents and self-assessment of fire safety program in a tertiary care hospital of India: an observational study“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, Nr. 1 (30.12.2023): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20234117.
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Background: Self-assessment of fire safety provides valuable insights for framing a robust fire safety program for hospitals by identifying gaps and taking corrective measures. The study was performed to (i) critically analyse fire incidents which occurred in the hospital and (ii) assess fire safety program of the hospital. Methods: A critical analysis of 3 fire incidents which occurred in hospital was performed. Further review of records regarding all fire incident reports was performed for last 4.5 years and analysed for cause, site, timing, triggering factor and firefighting. For the second objective, fire safety mechanisms in hospital were compared with national accreditation board of hospital checklist and national building code 2016 part 4 “fire and life safety” guideline. Results: It was found that a total of 44 incidents of fire occurred over a period of four and a half years from January 2019 to July 2023, of which 42 were minor, confined fires while two were major and non confined fires. Electrical cause was found in 48.84% of fire incidents, 37% occurred in external areas, 41% in the morning shift hours and in 51.16% incidents clean agent was used for extinguishing the fire. In 93.18% incidents, trained hospital security extinguished the fire. Average reporting time was 1.23 minutes and mean time taken to act and extinguish the fire completely was 10 minutes. Conclusions: Critical analysis of fire safety using records of fire incidents and comparison with guidelines helps hospitals in self assessment of their fire safety plans and guides in filling lacunae.
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Megawati, Megawati, und Ine Kusuma Aryani. „Critical Analysis of the Role of Teachers and Parents in an Effort to Improve the Disciplinary Character of Students at SD UMP Banyumas“. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Social Science (ICSS) 3, Nr. 1 (04.06.2024): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.59188/icss.v3i1.181.
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This study aims to: 1) describe the role of teachers in enhancing the disciplinary character of students at SD UMP Banyumas, 2) explore the role of parents in this process, 3) identify supporting and inhibiting factors, 4) evaluate the effectiveness of teachers' roles, and 5) analyze the overall impact of these roles on students' discipline. The research involves principals, teachers, parents, and students using a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were gathered through observations, interviews, and documentation and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that: 1) Teachers act as educators, guides, role models, motivators, and evaluators. 2) Parents contribute to children's discipline by providing explanations and advice, modeling behavior, demonstrating compassion, supervising, and teaching religious values. 3) Supporting factors include a conducive environment, adequate facilities, and strong support from teachers, parents, and the community, whereas inhibiting factors encompass negative peer influence, children's preference for play, media distractions, and the absence of parental supervision. 4) Evaluation methods involve observation, self-assessment, and peer assessment, with results communicated to parents. 5) While teachers generally perform their roles effectively, some areas need improvement. Effective strategies used by teachers include habituation, modeling, lectures, and simulations. Parental involvement is crucial in fostering self-discipline from an early age.
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Utama, I. K. A. P., Y. A. Hermawan, R. C. Ariesta, S. Risdiyanto, M. Sitinjak und W. Ardhiyanto. „Protecting the Country from Bio-invasion, a Case Study of Biofouling Management in Indonesia“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1250, Nr. 1 (01.10.2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1250/1/012022.
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Abstract The introduction of Invasive Aquatic Species (IAS) to new environments by ships has been identified as a major threat to world’s oceans and the conservation of biodiversity. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has international efforts to tackle IAS by taking the transfer of non-indigenous organisms through shipping. In response to global oncerns about risks associated with ship-borne biofouling, the GEF-UNDP-IMO GloFouling Partnerships Project (GFP) was launched, involving several Lead Partnering Countries (LPC) to conduct national rapid status assessment concerning to the current situation of biofouling in LPC, including Indonesia. This rapid national status assessment in Indonesia is carried out to determine the essential needs for developing a future national biofouling strategy and related initiatives in Indonesia. This study and assessment include the marine sectors may act as pathway for IAS into Indonesia through biofouling, the resource and socio-economic risk from biofouling, the existing policy associated with biofouling management issues, the existing gaps, capacity needs and required reforms to manage biofouling issue in Indonesia. The assessment is carried by using the guidance provided by Glofouling guide.
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Kato, Ryu, und Tamio Arai. „Assessment of Mental Stress on Human Operators Induced by the Assembly Support in a Robot-Assisted “Cellular Manufacturing” Assembly System“. International Journal of Automation Technology 3, Nr. 5 (05.09.2009): 569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0569.
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For the improvement of productivity in “cellular manufacturing assembly systems,” we are now witnessing the emergence of the production support systems in which industrial robots are providing physical support and assistance to the manufacturing operations and also to the cognition of information/instruction to the human operators. In such systems, the human operators still act as the prime players who make the final decision in all facets of the operation, and the adverse effects of the mental stress on these players caused by inappropriate “support” provided by the system must be carefully considered. In view of the above, in this study, we tried to objectively assess the effects of the mental stress caused by such robot-assisted “cellular manufacturing” assembly systems using physiological indices related to cognition and emotion. Our results showed that higher speeds of an approaching robot’s motion and closer distances between human operator and industrial robot increase mental stress related to emotion, while augmenting text instruction with voice guidance and optical pointer increase mental stress related to cognition and emotion. These results provide important knowledge that can be used to formulate design guides and safety standards for reduced-stress production systems that involve human-industrial robot collaboration.
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Jung, Sang-Chul. „A Study on the Meaning of the World Heritage Impact Assessment Introduction and its Operation Plan“. Korea Association Of Cultural Economics 26, Nr. 3 (31.12.2023): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36234/kace.2023.26.3.131.
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In October 2023, the introduction of the HIA in the World Heritage Act was stipulated, and it is scheduled to be implemented a year later. HIA is a management tool that evaluates the positive or negative impact that the proposed development Project can have on heritage and proposes mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate negative effects if the impact is negative. The purpose of this study is to review and propose specific measures necessary to introduce and settle HIA. To this end, existing studies related to HIA at home and abroad and the HIA provisions specified in the World Heritage Act were analyzed, and the main results are as follows.
In the screening stage, it is necessary to create separate criteria and principles for determining whether an HIA is necessary, and detailed processes accordingly. In the scoping stage, as well as identifying what properties of the heritage are affected by the development project, it is necessary to identify various stake-holders affected by it and ensure their participation from the scoping stage to the entire evaluation process to increase the capacity for evaluation results. In the HIA implementation stage, it is necessary to make a domestic World Heritage Impact Assessment Guide. In the reporting and monitoring stage, the evaluation results are to be reviewed by the Cultural Heritage Committee, and it is suggested that the scope of the subject of review be broadened to various stake-holders.
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Zekri, Jamal, Meteb Owaish Al-Foheidi, Maaz Kamal Alata, Ayman Ahamd Rasmy, Haleem J. Rasool, Hossam A. Abdelrahman, Adnan Hussain, Yasser Sorour und Miral Mashhour. „Decisions on adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer based on clinical and evolving Oncotype DX criteria.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2019): e12009-e12009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12009.
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e12009 Background: Oncotype-DX assay recurrence score (ODX-RS) cut-off values have recently changed in response to the results of the TAILOR-X trial. We aim to explore decisions for ACT based on physicians’ clinical assessment and on evolving ODX-RS. Methods: Patients who underwent ODX testing after curative surgical resection of estrogen receptor positive (ER+), Her2 non-over-expressed (Her2-) and lymph node negative (LN-) BC were included. Patients with micro-metastases to LNs were excluded. Data was collected retrospectively from the electronic records. Management of these patients was guided by the results of the old ODX-RS-1 (<18, 18-30 & ≥31) risk grouping. For the purpose of this study, treatment decisions were also assumed according to TAILOR-X results (ODX-RS-2). Decisions of 3 medical oncologists on ACT were solicited by blinding them to the RS values to investigate inter-physicians discrepancy and concordance with ODXA RS-1&2. Results: Sixty six consecutive patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Median age was 50.5 (range: 21-73) years. There was one male patient and 37 out of 65 females (56.9%) were pre-menopausal. Median tumor size was 21.5 (range: 10-55) mm and the grade were I, II and III in 6 (9.1%), 46 (69.7%) and 41 (21.2%) patients respectively. The 3 oncologists’ had discrepancies about ACT recommendations in 29 (44%) patients. Based on majority opinion (≥2 oncologists), ACT would have been recommended to 22/41 (53.7%) and 24/46 (52.2%) patients with low risk tumors according to ODXA RS-1 and ODXA RS-2 respectively. Similar number of patients (n=12) would have received ACT regardless of ODXA RS cut-off value (table). Conclusions: Decisions on ACT for patients with ER+/Her2-/LN- early BC should be guided by ODX-RS to prevent overtreatment and discrepancies in management. Broadly, ODXA RS-1 and ODXA RS-2 seem to guide ACT decisions in similar proportions of patients. Nevertheless minor differences exist and need to be studied in larger cohorts. [Table: see text]
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Wood, Megan, Amanda Waterman, Mark Mon-Williams und Liam Hill. „Key kinematic measures of sensorimotor control identified via data reduction techniques in a population study (Born in Bradford)“. Wellcome Open Research 9 (16.07.2024): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22486.1.
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Background Sensorimotor processes underpin skilled human behaviour and can thus act as an important marker of neurological status. Kinematic assessments offer objective measures of sensorimotor control but can generate countless output variables. This study sought to guide future analyses of such data by determining the key variables that capture children’s sensorimotor control on a standardised assessment battery deployed in cohort studies. Methods The Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal cohort study has collected sensorimotor data from 22,266 children aged 4–11 years via a computerised kinematic assessment battery (“CKAT”). CKAT measures three sensorimotor processing tasks (Tracking, Aiming, Steering). The BiB CKAT data were analysed using a “train then test” approach with two independent samples. Independent models were constructed for Tracking, Aiming, and Steering. The data were analysed using Principal Components Analysis followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results The kinematic data could be reduced to 4-7 principal components per task (decreased from >600 individual data points). These components reflect a wide range of core sensorimotor competencies including measures of both spatial and temporal accuracy. Further analyses using the derived variables showed these components capture the age-related differences reported in the literature (via a range of measures selected previously in a necessarily arbitrary way by study authors). Conclusions We identified the key variables of interest within the rich kinematic measures generated by a standardised tool for assessing sensorimotor control processes (CKAT). This work can guide future use of such data by providing a principled framework for the selection of the appropriate variables for analysis (where otherwise high levels of redundancy cause researchers to make arbitrary decisions). These methods could and should be applied in any form of kinematic assessment.
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Boolaky, Pran Krishansing. „Corporate governance in the financial services sector of small island economies: A case study of Mauritius“. Corporate Ownership and Control 4, Nr. 3 (2007): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i3c2p4.
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This study investigates the practices of corporate governance in the financial services sector of small island economies with special reference to banks and insurance companies in Mauritius with a view to assess the level of compliance. The financial sector is today an important economic pillar on which the government is relying given the imminent recession in the sugar industry. In this respect financial institutions play a key role because they are the core set of the financial sector. It is therefore important for people to have confidence in both banks and insurance companies of their country. This is possible by ensuring compliance with good governance. In Mauritius, the Central Bank has issued its guidelines on good corporate governance for banks and this guide is made in line with the Corporate Governance Code issued by the National Committee on Corporate Governance. Banks are also required to comply with the codes as per the Banking Act 2004 and the Financial Reporting Act 2004. In a similar vein insurance companies should comply with the National Code on Corporate Governance and relevant laws related to good governance of insurance business, such as the Insurance Act 2005, the Financial Services Commission guidelines on Corporate Governance and the Financial Services Development Act 2002. In addition insurance companies should also comply with the Companies Act 2001 and the Financial Reporting Act 2004. This paper initially reports on the practice of corporate governance in the financial services sector of small island economies by drawing data from the Financial Sector Assessment Programme of the International Monetary Fund. A content analysis of the annual reports of companies in the sector is used to assess the level of compliance to corporate governance code in Mauritius and concludes that compliance rate is above 70% as regards board’s composition, audit committee, disclosure of policies and practices. This study reports that there are few cases of noncompliance with the National Code but good governance is necessary in the financial services sector to inspire stakeholders confidence.
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Usher, Ruth, und Tadhg Stapleton. „27 Decision-Making Capacity Assessment: Occupational Therapy’s Contribution within a Multidisciplinary Approach“. Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.17.
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Abstract Background Increasing age and life expectancy, alongside the growing incidence of chronic conditions and dementia-related diseases, indicate more older individuals are likely to experience challenges regarding decision-making capacity. In Ireland, the Assisted Decision Making (Capacity) Act 2015 provides a statuary framework for adults who are experiencing difficulties with decision-making. This legislation has significant implications for all who work in health and social care, especially those working with older adults. An online survey was conducted to explore occupational therapy practices regarding decision-making capacity assessment and factors impacting on engagement in this area. Methods Occupational therapists in Ireland were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online questionnaire. Results One hundred and seventy-two occupational therapists responded. Most occupational therapists (65.77%, n=98) reported involvement in decision-making capacity assessments, particularly those working with older adults. Occupational therapists were more frequently requested to contribute to assessments of capacity regarding independent living (79.19%, n=118), driving (45.89%, n=67), and financial management (44.44%, n=64). Occupational therapists reported using a combination of approaches to inform decision-making capacity assessment, including interviews, observations and assessments of cognition and functional performance, and emphasised a strength-based approach. Many participants reported decision-making capacity assessment is more difficult than other aspects of practice and that they are not satisfied with decision-making capacity assessment procedures in their workplace. A large majority (91.86%, n=113) reported occupational therapists would benefit from additional training and practice resources for decision-making capacity assessment. Conclusion The study confirms that occupational therapists have a role to play in assessment of decision-making capacity assessment, particularly regarding independent living. However, the recommended approach to assessment should include all appropriate multidisciplinary team members. There is need for further education, resources and guidelines for occupational therapists and other healthcare professionals to better guide decision-making capacity assessment.
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Stone, Christopher J. L., Andrew Robinson, Erin Brown, Mihaela Mates, Conrad B. Falkson, Timothy Owen, Allison Ashworth et al. „Improving Timeliness of Oncology Assessment and Cancer Treatment Through Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Lung Cancer Clinic“. Journal of Oncology Practice 15, Nr. 2 (Februar 2019): e169-e177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.18.00214.
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PURPOSE: Timely lung cancer care has been associated with improved clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. We identified improvement opportunities in lung cancer management pathways at Kingston Health Sciences Centre. Quality improvement strategies led to the implementation of a multidisciplinary lung cancer clinic (MDC). METHODS: We set an outcome measure of decreasing the time from diagnosis to first cancer treatment by 10 days within 6 months of clinic implementation. We implemented a weekly MDC that involved respirologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists at which patients with new lung cancer diagnoses were offered concurrent oncology consultation. We used Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles to guide our improvement initiatives. A total of five Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles spanned 14 months and consisted of an MDC pilot clinic, large-scale MDC launching, debriefing meetings, and clinic expansion. Pre-MDC data were analyzed retrospectively to establish baseline and prospectively for improvement. Statistical Process Control XmR(i) charts were used to report data. RESULTS: Since MDC initiation, 128 patients have been seen in 34 MDC clinics (3.8 patients per clinic). Mean days from diagnosis to first oncology assessment decreased from 12.4 days to 3.9 days, and mean days from diagnosis to first cancer treatment decreased from 39.5 to 15.0 days, both of which demonstrated special cause variation. Time to assessment and treatment improved for patients with every stage of lung cancer and for both small-cell and non–small-cell subtypes. CONCLUSION: MDC shortens the time from lung cancer diagnosis to oncology assessment and treatment. Time to treatment improved more than time to oncology assessment, which suggests the improvement is related to benefits beyond faster oncology assessment.
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Franken, Ingrid, Suzanna Schraa, Karlijn van Rooijen, Dave van der Kruijssen, Carmen Rubio-Alarcón, Steven Ketelaars, Sietske van Nassau et al. „Abstract 5022: MEDOCC-CrEATE trial: Feasibility of measuring circulating tumor DNA after surgery to guide adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer patients“. Cancer Research 84, Nr. 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 5022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-5022.
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Abstract Introduction: Patients with stage II colon cancer not classified as high risk (pT4 microsatellite stable) do not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) according to Dutch guidelines. However, 15-20% of patients with stage II colon cancer experience a disease recurrence, indicating that there is an unmet clinical need to identify patients who could benefit from adjuvant treatment. Observational studies demonstrate that postoperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is indicative of minimal residual disease (MRD) and a strong prognostic biomarker for disease recurrence. Aim: The MEDOCC-CrEATE trial aims to assess 1) the proportion of stage II colon cancer patients with detectable postoperative ctDNA accepting ACT and 2) whether ctDNA-guided ACT reduces 2-year recurrence rate (RR). Methods: MEDOCC-CrEATE is an interventional trial following the ‘trial within cohorts’ design. Participants of the Prospective Dutch Colorectal Cancer cohort with stage II colon cancer and no indication for ACT randomized to the intervention arm undergo postoperative tumor-informed ctDNA testing using next-generation sequencing of 33 genes through the PGDx elio™ liquid biopsy assay. If ctDNA is detected, they are offered 4 cycles of adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin. Patients in the intervention arm who test ctDNA negative and patients in the control arm receive standard of care follow-up. For all patients, blood is collected every 6 months for 3 years to monitor disease recurrence. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients with detectable postoperative ctDNA willing to receive ACT. Secondary endpoints include 2-year RR, disease-free and overall survival, quality of life and cost-effectiveness of ctDNA-guided ACT. The study is powered for 2-year RR, randomizing 660 patients to each study arm in order to treat 30 patients in the intervention arm with detectable postoperative ctDNA, assuming 5% ctDNA detection and 10% noncompliance. Results: Logistics for timely multicenter collection of tumor tissue and blood have been optimized across 28 Dutch hospitals. At present, 240 patients have been randomized. Of the 119 patients in the intervention arm, 98 provided consent for immediate postoperative ctDNA analysis (82%). Of the 92 currently available results, 5 (5 %) had detectable ctDNA. The median time from surgery to blood collection was 15 days (IQR 11-19), with a median turnaround time from surgery to ctDNA result of 47 days (IQR 39-54). Conclusion: Multicenter postoperative tumor-informed ctDNA testing for MRD is operationally and technically feasible within the clinically relevant 8-12 week window to start ACT. The observed ctDNA detection rate is in accordance with expectations and the study design. Upon study finalization, the results will be used for health technology assessment to demonstrate the putative clinical utility of ctDNA-guided ACT in stage II colon cancer. Citation Format: Ingrid Franken, Suzanna Schraa, Karlijn van Rooijen, Dave van der Kruijssen, Carmen Rubio-Alarcón, Steven Ketelaars, Sietske van Nassau, Teunise Snetselaar, Bregje Adriaans, Jillian Phallen, Sam Angiuoli, Amy Greer, Ellen Verner, Veerle Coupé, Helena Verkooijen, Miranda van Dongen, Linda Bosch, Mirthe Lanfermeijer, Daan van den Broek, Gerrit Meijer, Victor Velculescu, Mark Sausen, Miriam Koopman, Remond Fijneman, Geraldine Vink, on behalf of the PLCRC-MEDOCC group. MEDOCC-CrEATE trial: Feasibility of measuring circulating tumor DNA after surgery to guide adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5022.
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Cicėnaitė, Gintarė, und Dovilė Barysė. „The Effect of Suspect Description and Possible Motive on Forming Suspicion During Pre-trial Investigation: A Comparison of Police Officers and Students Groups“. Kriminologijos studijos 10 (30.12.2022): 72–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/crimlithuan.2022.10.4.
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The initial hypothesis can guide the pre-trial investigator’s decision to form a suspicion regarding the crime. This hypothesis can be based not on all available evidence assessment but intuitive decisions. When initial criminal act assessment is based on expectations or experience, confirmation bias can affect individuals’ decisions. This human cognitive tendency can operate by two mechanisms – selective information search and biased interpretation of information. Confirmation bias can contribute to biased suspicion by leading the investigator to seek and interpret evidence that confirms prior conviction about the crime. Police investigator’s decision to express suspicion towards a specific person can be based on evaluating suspect as criminal and, in that way, affixing the criminal label to suspect. The goal of this study was to find out whether the description of the suspect and possible motive can affect the expression of suspicion and evaluation of available information during criminal act assessment. In a two-part experiment, criminal investigators (N = 40), criminology (N = 63), and law (N = 53) students read a condensed case and had to express suspicion, rate to which extent additional evidence indicated that suspect was involved in the crime and choose further investigation lines. The initial hypothesis was manipulated by providing information about the suspect and motive. Overall, stronger suspicion and biased interpretation of evidence indicative of the suspect’s guilt occurred when a motive and description of the suspect were presented. Professional experience and degree had an impact on the expression of suspicion and biased information interpretation. After reading a criminal case, police investigators expressed stronger suspicion and continued to selectively search for evidence confirming their prior suspicion that the main suspect was involved in the crime, also evaluated all available evidence as indicating the suspect‘s guilt. In this study, students‘ assessments of the crime differed – the expressed suspicion and evaluation of evidence as indicating suspect’s guilt made by law students were significantly weaker than by police investigators.
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Kilbertus, Sarah, Kaif Pardhan, Juveria Zaheer und Glen Bandiera. „Transition to practice: Evaluating the need for formal training in supervision and assessment among senior emergency medicine residents and new to practice emergency physicians“. CJEM 21, Nr. 3 (07.03.2019): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.8.
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ABSTRACTObjectivesEmergency medicine residents may be transitioning to practice with minimal training on how to supervise and assess trainees. Our study sought to examine: 1) physician comfort with supervision and assessment, 2) what the current training gaps are within these competencies, and 3) what barriers or enablers might exist in implementing curricular improvements.MethodsQualitative data were collected in two phases through individual interviews from September 2016 to November 2017, at the University of Toronto and McMaster University after receiving ethics approval from both sites. Eligible participants were final year emergency medicine residents, residents pursuing an enhanced skills program in emergency medicine, and attendings within their first 3 years of practice. A semi-structured interview guide was developed and refined after phase one, to reflect content identified in the first set of interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and collapsed into themes. Data analysis was guided by constructivist grounded theory.ResultsA thematic analysis revealed five themes: 1) Supervision and assessment skills were acquired passively through modelling, 2) the training available in these areas is variably used, creating a diversity of comfort levels, 3) competing priorities in the emergency department represent significant barriers to improving supervision and assessment; 4) providing negative feedback is difficult and often avoided; and 5) competence by design will act as an impetus for formal curriculum development in these areas.ConclusionsAs programs transition to competence by design, there will be a need for formal training in supervision and assessment, with a focus on negative feedback, to achieve a standardized level of competence among emergency physicians.
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Ural, Ozlem, Soheyda Gokturk und Oguzhan Bozoglu. „Assessment of the Ethical Orientations of Turkish Teachers“. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 6, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v6i2.6339.
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Students’ development in terms of values, moral education and character is crucial for the culture of any society. Considering that these are gained through family and school, school principals and teachers can be the key players. Even if teachers do not deliberately act as models or ethic agents, or their main purpose is not merely ethical education, they still affect the students directly and indirectly. Therefore, exploration of their ethical decisions and what orientations guide them in making those ethical decisions is highly important. In this regard, teachers’ ethical orientation is worth measuring. In this study, Ethical Position Questionnaire [1], which has so far been commonly used to explore ethical orientations of a variety of professionals and cultural groups was translated into Turkish; and validity and reliability study was applied on teachers. Research group consisted of 251 primary school teachers working in state schools located in Kocaeli province, Turkey. To identify the construct validity of Ethical Position Questionnaire (EPQ), factor analysis was conducted. The analysis revealed that EPQ is two factor-structured and these factors explain 45% of the variance. Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency reliability assessed for the total items of Turkish version of EPQ was .81 and for the first subscale –idealism-, for the second scale –relativism- was found .84 and .86 respectively. In conclusion, The Turkish version of Ethical Position Questionnaire was identified as a valid and reliable research tool to assess ethical positions of primary school teachers.
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Zekri, Jamal, Meteb Al-Foheidi, Maaz Alata, Reem Zabani und Ayman Rasmy. „Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Breast Cancer Based on Clinical and Evolving Oncotype DX Criteria“. Breast Care 15, Nr. 6 (2020): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506389.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Oncotype DX assay recurrence score (ODX-RS) cut-off values have recently changed after the publication of the TAILOR-X trial results. We aim to explore decisions for adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) based on physicians’ clinical assessment and the evolving ODX-RS. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> Patients who underwent ODX testing after curative surgical resection of estrogen receptor positive (ER+), Her2 non-overexpressed (Her2–) and lymph node-negative (LN–) breast cancer (BC) were eligible. Management of these patients was guided by the results of the old ODX-RS-1 (<18, 18–30, and ≥31) risk grouping. For the purpose of this study, treatment decisions were also assumed according to TAILOR-X results (ODX-RS-2). Decisions of 3 medical oncologists on ACT were solicited by blinding them to the RS to investigate concordance with ODXA RS-1 and 2 recommendations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sixty-six consecutive patients were included. Median age was 50.5 (range: 21–73) years. There was 1 male patient, and 37/65 females (56.9%) were premenopausal. Among the 3 oncologists, recommendations for ACT based on clinical assessment were discrepant in 29 (43.9%) patients. Based on majority consensus (≥2 oncologists), ACT would have been recommended to 22/41 (53.7%) and 22/46 (47.82%) patients with low-risk tumors according to ODX-RS-1 and ODX-RS-2, respectively. Compared to ODX-RS-1, ODX-RS-2 identifies 12% (46 vs. 41) more low-risk patients and 66% (20 vs. 12 patients) more high-risk patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Overtreatment and discrepancies in the management of patients with ER+/Her2–/LN– early BC can be minimized by the implementation of ODX genomic assay. Some differences in ACT recommendations exist between ODX-RS-1 and ODX-RS-2.
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Henriksen, Tenna V. Vesterman, Noelia Tarazona, Amanda Frydendahl, Thomas Reinert, Juan Antonio Carbonell-Asins, Shruti Sharma, Derrick Renner et al. „Serial circulating tumor DNA analysis to assess recurrence risk, benefit of adjuvant therapy, growth rate and early relapse detection in stage III colorectal cancer patients.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2021): 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.3540.
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3540 Background: Challenges in the postoperative management of stage III colorectal cancer include: 1) selection of high-risk patients for adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), 2) lack of markers to assess ACT efficacy, 3) assessment of recurrence risk after ACT, and 4) lack of markers to guide treatment decisions for high-risk patients e.g. additional therapy or intensified surveillance. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising marker with potential to mitigate the challenges. Here we used serial ctDNA measurements to assess the correlation between recurrence and ctDNA detection: postoperative, during and after ACT, and during surveillance; and to assess growth rates of metachronous metastases. Uniquely, we also used concurrent CT scans and ctDNA measurements to compare the sensitivity for detecting recurrence. Methods: Stage III CRC patients treated with curative intent at Danish and Spanish hospitals in 2014-2019 were recruited (n = 166). Blood samples (n = 1227) were collected prior to and immediately after surgery, and every third month for up to 36 months. Per patient 16 personal mutations were used to quantify plasma ctDNA (Signatera, bespoke mPCR NGS assay). Results: Detection of ctDNA was a strong recurrence predictor, both postoperatively (HR 7.2, 95% CI 3.8-13.8, P< 0.001), directly after ACT (HR = 18.2, 95% CI 7.1-46, P < 0.001), and when measured serially after end of treatment (HR = 41, 95% CI 16-100, P < 0.001). The recurrence rate of postoperative ctDNA positive patients treated with ACT was 80% (16/20). Patients who stayed ctDNA positive during ACT all recurred. Serial post-treatment ctDNA measurements revealed exponential growth for all recurrence patients following either a SLOW (26%-increase/month) or a FAST (126%-increase/month) pattern (P < 0.001). From ctDNA detection to radiologic recurrence, ctDNA levels of FAST patients increased by a median 117-fold, and up to 554-fold. The 3-year overall survival was 43% for FAST patients and 100% for SLOW and non-recurrence patients (HR = 41.3, 95% CI 7.5-228, P < 0.001). Coinciding CT scans and ctDNA measurements (n = 113 patients, 235 coinciding events, median 2 per patient) showed a high agreement (92%) and ctDNA either detected residual disease before the CT scan (n = 7 patients) or at the same time (n = 14 patients). The median lead-time was 7.5 months. Conclusions: The study confirmed the prognostic power of serial postoperative ctDNA analysis. Moreover, it provided novel analyses demonstrating that ctDNA is more sensitive for recurrence detection than CT scans and can be used for tumor growth rate assessments. The difference between FAST and SLOW growing tumors suggest that growth rates could guide whom to start on systemic therapy rapidly and whom to send for diagnostic imaging. Altogether, the study highlights many potential utilities of ctDNA in guiding clinical decision-making.
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Terhorst, Yannik, Lina Braun, Ingrid Titzler, Claudia Buntrock, Johanna Freund, Janika Thielecke, David Ebert und Harald Baumeister. „Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a guided internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to improve chronic pain–related disability in green professions (PACT-A): study protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 9 (September 2020): e034271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034271.
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IntroductionChronic pain is highly prevalent, associated with substantial personal and economic burdens, and increased risk for mental disorders. Individuals in green professions (agriculturists, horticulturists, foresters) show increased prevalence of chronic pain and other risk factors for mental disorders. Available healthcare services in rural areas are limited. Acceptance towards face-to-face therapy is low. Internet and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) might be a promising alternative for this population and may enable effective treatment of chronic pain. The present study aims to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an ACT-based IMI for chronic pain in green professions in comparison with enhanced treatment as usual (TAU+).Methods and analysisA two-armed pragmatic randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Two hundred eighty-six participants will be randomised and allocated to either an intervention or TAU+ group. Entrepreneurs in green professions, collaborating spouses, family members and pensioners with chronic pain are eligible for inclusion. The intervention group receives an internet-based intervention based on ACT (7 modules, over 7 weeks) guided by a trained e-coach to support adherence (eg, by positive reinforcement). Primary outcome is pain interference (Multidimensional Pain Interference scale; MPI) at 9 weeks post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes are depression severity (Quick Inventory Depressive Symptomology; QIDS-SR16), incidence of major depressive disorder, quality of life (Assessment of Quality of Life; AQoL-8D) and possible side effects associated with the treatment (Inventory for the Assessment of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy; INEP). Psychological flexibility (Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Committed Action Questionnaire, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire) will be evaluated as a potential mediator of the treatment effect. Furthermore, mediation, moderation and health-economic analyses from a societal perspective will be performed. Outcomes will be measured using online self-report questionnaires at baseline, 9-week, 6-month, 12-month, 24-month and 36-month follow-ups.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Ulm, Germany (file no. 453/17—FSt/Sta; 22 February 2018). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00014619. Registered on 16 April 2018.
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Schneider, M. Christina, und J. Patrick Meyer. „Investigating the Efficacy of a Professional Development Program in Formative Classroom Assessment in Middle School English Language Arts and Mathematics“. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation 8, Nr. 17 (12.08.2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56645/jmde.v8i17.291.
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Background: Teachers who engage in formative classroom assessment using practices that accurately measure student learning should be better positioned to diagnose the instructional needs of their students and to act on that information. For this reason, there has been increased interest in formative classroom assessment in recent years. Although some researchers have found indications that some assessment practices may raise student achievement, evaluations of professional development programs designed to increase teacher assessment skill have not found differences in student performance. However, few studies of this type have been performed. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a professional development program in formative classroom assessment on teacher assessment knowledge and their students’ achievement. Setting: The professional development program was implemented in state-identified, low performing middle schools from November 2005 through April 2008. Intervention: Researchers investigated a professional development program for teachers designed to increase their skill in creating and using assessments to support student learning. In Year 1, the professional development was implemented by an assessment coach in the treatment schools. No professional development was provided in the control schools. In Years 2 and 3, levels of treatment were investigated such that the professional development was implemented by an assessment coach or a relatively untrained facilitator. Research Design: Year 1 involved a multi-site, cluster randomized trial where schools were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group. Year 2 and Year 3 involved a quasi-experimental design. Data Collection and Analysis: Researchers collected pretest and posttest teacher measures and analyzed the data using a split-plot ANOVA each year. Summative large scale assessment data was collected for students and analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Findings: Findings from this study indicate that the professional development program increased teacher assessment skill regardless of whether the program was implemented with a trained assessment coach or a relatively untrained facilitator. However, students of teachers participating in the professional development tended to demonstrate lower achievement than a matched set of students whose teachers did not receive the professional development. Implications for how teachers use assessment data to guide reteaching are discussed. Keywords: formative assessment; classroom assessment; student achievement
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Zahid, Muhammad, Yangzhou Chen, Arshad Jamal, Khalaf A. Al-Ofi und Hassan M. Al-Ahmadi. „Adopting Machine Learning and Spatial Analysis Techniques for Driver Risk Assessment: Insights from a Case Study“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 14 (18.07.2020): 5193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145193.
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Traffic violations usually caused by aggressive driving behavior are often seen as a primary contributor to traffic crashes. Violations are either caused by an unintentional or deliberate act of drivers that jeopardize the lives of fellow drivers, pedestrians, and property. This study is aimed to investigate different traffic violations (overspeeding, wrong-way driving, illegal parking, non-compliance traffic control devices, etc.) using spatial analysis and different machine learning methods. Georeferenced violation data along two expressways (S308 and S219) for the year 2016 was obtained from the traffic police department, in the city of Luzhou, China. Detailed descriptive analysis of the data showed that wrong-way driving was the most common violation type observed. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation in the ArcMap Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to develop violation hotspots zones to guide on efficient use of limited resources during the treatment of high-risk sites. Lastly, a systematic Machine Learning (ML) framework, such as K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) models (using k = 3, 5, 7, 10, and 12), support vector machine (SVM), and CN2 Rule Inducer, was utilized for classification and prediction of each violation type as a function of several explanatory variables. The predictive performance of proposed ML models was examined using different evaluation metrics, such as Area Under the Curve (AUC), F-score, precision, recall, specificity, and run time. The results also showed that the KNN model with k = 7 using manhattan evaluation had an accuracy of 99% and outperformed the SVM and CN2 Rule Inducer. The outcome of this study could provide the practitioners and decision-makers with essential insights for appropriate engineering and traffic control measures to improve the safety of road-users.
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Evans, Leanne M., Laurie Burgos und Alexis Nass. „Leading Toward Equity in Bilingual Education: Leadership Actions in a Reconceptualization of a Common Literacy Assessment Routine“. Journal of School Leadership 29, Nr. 6 (04.09.2019): 493–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052684619864701.
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This article presents a case study that examined leaders’ actions within a Spanish/English two-way immersion program as they guided teachers in a critical analysis of a common literacy assessment routine. The intent of this research was to move toward a more equitable reconceptualization of the literacy assessment routine and ultimately work to disaffirm deficit views of emergent bilingual learners often perpetuated by conventional assessment practices. This examination relied on the framework of transformative leadership and linguistically responsive schooling. Findings reveal the leaders established a critical bilingual stance, enacted bilingual pedagogical spaces, and fostered the development of a bilingual community identity. The authors contend the critically transformative leader is key to the sustainability of equitable practices as they act to support, sustain, and deepen the critical aspect of professional learning communities and influence pedagogical change. Although focused on the ever-expanding field of bilingual education, the outcomes of this work address all leaders who seek to create equity in their diverse school communities and uphold culture and language as assets to learning.
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Chester, Verity, Regi T. Alexander und Wendy Morgan. „Measuring relational security in forensic mental health services“. BJPsych Bulletin 41, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2017): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.116.055509.
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Aims and methodRelational security is an important component of care and risk assessment in mental health services, but the utility of available measures remains under-researched. This study analysed the psychometric properties of two relational security tools, the See Think Act (STA) scale and the Relational Security Explorer (RSE).ResultsThe STA scale had good internal consistency and could highlight differences between occupational groups, whereas the RSE did not perform well as a psychometric measure.Clinical implicationsThe measures provide unique and complimentary perspectives on the quality of relational security within secure services, but have some limitations. Use of the RSE should be restricted to its intended purpose; to guide team discussions about relational security, and services should refrain from collecting and aggregating this data. Until further research validates their use, relational security measurement should be multidimensional and form part of a wider process of service quality assessment.
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Brown, Diane K., Sue Fosnight, Maureen Whitford, Susan Hazelett, Colleen Mcquown, Jenifer C. Drost, Denise J. Kropp et al. „Interprofessional education model for geriatric falls risk assessment and prevention“. BMJ Open Quality 7, Nr. 4 (November 2018): e000417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000417.
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BackgroundOne in three people over the age of 65 fall every year, with 1/3 sustaining at least moderate injury. Falls risk reduction requires an interprofessional health team approach. The literature is lacking in effective models to teach students how to work collaboratively in interprofessional teams for geriatric falls prevention. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, administration and outcome measures of an education programme to teach principles of interprofessional care for older adults in the context of falls prevention.MethodsStudents from three academic institutions representing 12 health disciplines took part in the education programme over 18 months (n=237). A mixed method one-group pretest and post-test experimental design was implemented to measure the impact of a multistep education model on progression in interprofessional collaboration competencies and satisfaction.ResultsPaired t-tests of pre-education to posteducation measures of Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale scores (n=136) demonstrated statistically significant increase in subscales and total scores (p<0.001). Qualitative satisfaction results were strongly positive.DiscussionResults of this study indicate that active interprofessional education can result in positive student attitude regarding interprofessional team-based care, and satisfaction with learning. Lessons learnt in a rapid cycle plan-do-study-act approach are shared to guide replication efforts for other educators.ConclusionEffective models to teach falls prevention interventions and interprofessional practice are not yet established. This education model is easily replicable and can be used to teach interprofessional teamwork competency skills in falls and other geriatric syndromes.
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Kilbertus, S., K. Pardhan, G. Bandiera und J. Zaheer. „P079: Transition to practice: evaluating the need for formal training in supervision and assessment techniques among senior emergency medicine residents and new to practice emergency physicians“. CJEM 20, S1 (Mai 2018): S84—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.277.
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Introduction: Final year emergency medicine residents may be transitioning to practice with little to no training on how to effectively supervise and assess trainees. It remains unclear how comfortable final year residents and new-to-practice physicians are with these competencies. The goal of our study was to examine physician comfort with supervision and assessment, whether there was a perceived need for formal training in these areas, and what gaps, barriers and enablers would exist in implementing it. Methods: Qualitative data were collected in two phases during September 2016-November 2017 through interviews of PGY5 emergency residents and new-to-practice staff at the University of Toronto and McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. A semi-structured interview guide was developed and used during the first round of interviews at the University of Toronto during phase one. Results from phase one were used to refine the interview guide, to be used in phase two, to ensure that all potential areas of thematic generation were touched upon. Phase two occurred at the University of Toronto and McMaster University using the refined interview guide. All transcripts were coded, analyzed, and collapsed into themes. Data analysis was guided by a constructivist grounded theory based in a relativist paradigm. Results: Thematic analysis revealed five themes. Residents and staff alike described acquiring the skills of supervision and assessment passively, primarily through modeling the behaviours of others; the training that is available in these areas is variably used, creating a diversity of physician comfort levels within these two competencies; the many competing priorities in the emergency department represent significant barriers to improving supervision and assessment; providing negative feedback is universally difficult and often avoided, sometimes resulting in struggling trainees not being identified until late in residency; the move towards competency based education (CBE) will act as an impetus for more formal curriculum being required in these areas. Conclusion: As residency programs transition to a CBE model, there will be a greater need for formal training in supervision and assessment to achieve a standard level of comfort and competence among senior residents physicians in independent practice. These competencies will also need an emphasis on how to identify struggling trainees, and how to approach negative and constructive feedback.
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Hannas, Hannas, Rinawaty Rinawaty und Andy Paulus. „THE EXEGESIS OF THE PARENT’S ASSESSMENT ON THE TEACHERS’ TEACHING QUALITY ACCORDING TO 2 TIMOTHY 2:15-21“. Journal Kerugma 2, Nr. 1 (16.04.2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/kerugma.v2i1.71.
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Parents have the potential to doubt the the teacher’s quality in teaching the students, that is why a barometer or indicators are needed so that the teacher as an educator can be assessed objectively. Ideas built by the experts are needed as the best solution as well as biblical principles to find the right formula. This study uses the exegesis method which is seen through contextual analysis, syntactical analysis, verbal analysis, theological analysis and homiletical analysis. This study found what is meant by parents' assessment on the teachers’ teaching quality according to 2 Timothy 2:15-21 is the act of assessing the intelligence, the potential done by the father or the mother regarding good quality or services in facilitating the activities of learning or training through explanations, questions and answers, discussions, and expressing the opinions guided by competent educators or instructors, who are characterized by: teaching professionally (verse 15), teaching correctly in accordance with learning material (paragraph 15), teaching in accordance with learning objectives (verse 16-19), teaching with the right media (verse 20) and teaching with the right method (verse 21).
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Bim, Felipe Lazarini, Lucas Lazarini Bim, Andrea Mara Bernardes da Silva, Pedro Castania Amadio Domingues, Rachel Maciel Monteiro und Denise de Andrade. „PATIENT SAFETY: A PROPOSAL FOR CURRICULUM MEASUREMENT“. Revista Prevenção de Infecção e Saúde 3, Nr. 1 (14.08.2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/repis.v3i0.5297.
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Objective: to propose a form for the assessment of cognitive and curriculum attributes about patient safety in undergraduate nursing students. Methodology: This is a methodological character study, based on Multi-professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide of the World Health Organization and trackers terms identified in the literature. The study included 17 judges subject to Brazilian higher education institutions who formed a committee to assess semantic and idiomatic equivalence issues. Results: theoretical attributes that sustain the knowledge of nursing students to act based on the patient safety principles were structured in 46 items, which assess organizational, training and performance in stages. Conclusions: identification of topics used to assess the knowledge of nursing students about patient safety sets up an instrument for further analysis and reflection, with a view to promoting assistance undamaged.
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Iwanaga, Kanako, Fong Chan, Nicole Ditchman und Timothy N. Tansey. „Assessing Workplace Culture and Disability Inclusion Climate: A Preliminary Study“. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 52, Nr. 1 (14.01.2021): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jarc-d-20-00001.
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The Workforce Innovation and Opportunities Act requires state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies to work closely with businesses to create employment opportunities for people with disabilities. The workplace climate may determine employers' willingness to hire and retain persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation researchers are conducting research to validate assessment tools to help companies assess factors that affect their disability inclusion climate. The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial validity of the Workplace Culture and Disability Inclusion Questionnaire (WCDIQ), developed to assess the disability inclusion climate in a workplace and to evaluate organizational factors that contribute to disability employment and inclusive practices. A sample of 284 human resources managers and professionals who made hiring decisions participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a four-factor solution: (a) disability inclusion policies and procedures, (b) disability inclusion efforts and strategies, (c) disability inclusion preparedness, and (d) health and illness management policies and procedures. All four factors had strong internal consistency reliability and correlated with disability employment rates. The results of this study provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the WCDIQ for use by employers to evaluate their disability employment and inclusion efforts, and identify areas that need improvement. With further refinement, the WCDIQ can be used to guide the development of evidence-based disability employment and inclusion interventions to promote employment opportunity for people with disabilities.
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Mohamed Rosli, Nur Diana, Syed Ahmad Iskandar Syed Ariffin und Khairul Anwar Mohamed Khaidzir. „STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAM ACCREDITATION“. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, Nr. 45 (15.03.2022): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.745014.
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Accreditation of programmes in universities is a form of responsibility between education providers and stakeholders in producing graduates who meet the requirements in accordance with the provisions. In Malaysia, Majlis Akreditasi dan Pendidikan Senibina Malaysia was formed under the purview of Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia as the professional body, responsible for coordinating, monitoring, and regulating the National competency standard of local Architectural education programmes. This study is to review the current architecture accreditation process and to propose a new accreditation framework that can improve the assessment method used, based on the criteria and standards of accreditation for Architectural programmes. Current accreditation assessment procedure lack of objective assessment mechanism to indicate definable performance of an Architectural programme which includes a set of determination statement related to the criterion that can be used to measure consistency in an accreditation outcome. The adoption of an objective assessment mechanism will systematically ensure traceability of assessment results are backed by fundamental requirements, which is typically not found in an objectively or judgement-based assessment method. The new accreditation framework should act as a strategic tool in identifying the accreditation process outcome by producing a guided and measured assessment which may adopt an automated platform. It is vital to understand and identify ways to improve the assessment process during accreditation for visiting panels, ascertain a justified outcome for education providers and enhance connections between the professional body and higher learning institutions. The proposed mixed method through action research approach will require participatory from both the professional body and education providers to promote development and put into practice the maintenance of standard and quality within architectural education.
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Spencer, Benjamin Walter Jack, Tania Gergel, Matthew Hotopf und Gareth S. Owen. „Unwell in hospital but not incapable: cross-sectional study on the dissociation of decision-making capacity for treatment and research in in-patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses“. British Journal of Psychiatry 213, Nr. 2 (18.06.2018): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.85.
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BackgroundConsent to research with decision-making capacity for research (DMC-R) is normally a requirement for study participation. Although the symptoms of schizophrenia and related psychoses are known to affect decision-making capacity for treatment (DMC-T), we know little about their effect on DMC-R.AimsWe aimed to determine if DMC-R differs from DMC-T in proportion and associated symptoms in an in-patient sample of people with schizophrenia and related psychoses.MethodCross-sectional study of psychiatric in-patients admitted for assessment and/or treatment of schizophrenia and related psychoses. We measured DMC-R and DMC-T using ‘expert judgement’ clinical assessment guided by the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment and the legal framework of the Mental Capacity Act (2005), in addition to symptoms of psychosis.ResultsThere were 84 participants in the study. Half the participants had DMC-R (51%, 95% CI 40–62%) and a third had DMC-T (31%, 95% CI 21–43%) and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Thought disorder was most associated with lacking DMC-R (odds ratio 5.72, 95% CI 2.01–16.31, P = 0.001), whereas lack of insight was most associated with lacking DMC-T (odds ratio 26.34, 95% CI 3.60–192.66, P = 0.001). With the exception of improved education status and better DMC-R, there was no effect of sociodemographic variables on either DMC-R or DMC-T.ConclusionsWe have shown that even when severely unwell, people with schizophrenia and related psychoses in in-patient settings commonly retain DMC-R despite lacking DMC-T. Furthermore, different symptoms have different effects on decision-making abilities for different decisions. We should not view in-patient psychiatric settings as a research ‘no-go area’ and, where appropriate, should recruit in these settings.Declaration of interestNone.
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Sinclair, Steve J., Tara Zamin, Paul Gibson-Roy, Joshua Dorrough, Nathan Wong, Vanessa Craigie, Georgia E. Garrard und Joslin L. Moore. „A state-and-transition model to guide grassland management“. Australian Journal of Botany 67, Nr. 5 (2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18167.
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Grassland ecosystems across the globe have been extensively modified and degraded by agriculture and urban development, leaving conservation managers with a complex set of interacting legacies and opportunities to contend with. We advocate the use of state-and-transition models to assist conservation managers to deal with this complexity. Using a major development and compensation project as a case study (The Melbourne Strategic Assessment under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999), we discuss the uses and limitations of state-and-transition models for conservation management. We define a state-and-transition model for an endangered Australian temperate grassland. Soil and vegetation data are used to evaluate the model and confirm that the assigned states relate to observable agro-ecological patterns. We then discuss the use of this model for several different interacting purposes: as a tool for the simple communication of complex ecological processes; as a tool for landscape stratification to aid the spatial application of management and experimentation; as a framework to set and define conservation objectives; and as an aide for adaptive management.
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Bendig, Eileen, Andreas Schmitt, Amelie Wittenberg, Bernhard Kulzer, Norbert Hermanns, Morten Moshagen und Harald Baumeister. „ACTonDiabetes: study protocol of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial for the evaluation of an acceptance and commitment-based internet-based and mobile-based intervention for adults living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes“. BMJ Open 12, Nr. 9 (September 2022): e059336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059336.
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IntroductionLiving with diabetes can be burdensome and lead to serious emotional distress and impaired mental health. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can support people facing the challenges of living with diabetes. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the internet-based and mobile-based intervention (IMI) ‘ACTonDiabetes’ in reducing diabetes distress against enhanced treatment as usual (TAU+) following specialised diabetes care.Methods and analysisA two-armed pragmatic randomised controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the guided IMI ACTonDiabetes against TAU+. A total of 210 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and elevated diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes ≥40) will be recruited at a specialised diabetes centre. The intervention begins 2–4 weeks after hospital discharge and takes about 7–10 weeks to complete. Assessments are performed at baseline and 5 and 10 weeks as well as 6 and 12 months after randomisation. The primary outcome is diabetes distress at a 10-week follow-up (T2). Secondary outcomes are depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), psychological well-being (WHO-5), quality of life (Assessment of Quality of Life-8 Dimension), Diabetes-related Self-Management Questionnaire, diabetes acceptance (Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire) and negative treatment effects (Inventory for the Assessment of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy). All statistical analyses will be performed based on the intention-to-treat principle with additional per-protocol analyses. Changes in outcomes will be evaluated using the general linear model. A health-economic evaluation will be conducted from a societal perspective. Reasons for drop-out will be systematically investigated.Ethics and disseminationThis clinical trial has been approved by the State Medical Chamber of Baden-Württemberg (file no. B-F-2019-010). Trial results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00016738.
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Liang, Jonathan Zhen, Donovan Kai Wei Ng, Vijayprasanth Raveendran, Mac Yu Kai Teo, Elaine Li Ying Quah, Keith Zi Yuan Chua, Jun Kiat Lua et al. „The impact of online education during the Covid-19 pandemic on the professional identity formation of medical students: A systematic scoping review“. PLOS ONE 19, Nr. 1 (05.01.2024): e0296367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296367.
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Evolving individual, contextual, organizational, interactional and sociocultural factors have complicated efforts to shape the professional identity formation (PIF) of medical students or how they feel, act and think as professionals. However, an almost exclusive reliance on online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique opportunity to study the elemental structures that shape PIF and the environmental factors nurturing it. We propose two independent Systematic Evidence-Based Approach guided systematic scoping reviews (SSR in SEBA)s to map accounts of online learning environment and netiquette that structure online programs. The data accrued was analysed using the clinically evidenced Krishna-Pisupati Model of Professional Identity Formation (KPM) to study the evolving concepts of professional identity. The results of each SSR in SEBA were evaluated separately with the themes and categories identified in the Split Approach combined to create richer and deeper ‘themes/categories’ using the Jigsaw Perspective. The ‘themes/categories’ from each review were combined using the Funnelling Process to create domains that guide the discussion. The ‘themes/categories’ identified from the 141 included full-text articles in the SSR in SEBA of online programs were the content and effects of online programs. The themes/categories identified from the 26 included articles in the SSR in SEBA of netiquette were guidelines, contributing factors, and implications. The Funnelling Process identified online programs (encapsulating the content, approach, structures and the support mechanisms); their effects; and PIF development that framed the domains guiding the discussion. This SSR in SEBA identifies the fundamental elements behind developing PIF including a structured program within a nurturing environment confined with netiquette-guided boundaries akin to a Community of Practice and the elemental aspect of a socialisation process within online programs. These findings ought to be applicable beyond online training and guide the design, support and assessment of efforts to nurture PIF.
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Lukwata, Hafsa, David Musoke, Solomon T. Wafula und John C. Ssempebwa. „Capacity of enforcers and level of enforcement of the Tobacco Control Act 2015 in Kampala, Uganda“. PLOS Global Public Health 3, Nr. 9 (22.09.2023): e0002390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002390.
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Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. Uganda enacted the Tobacco Control Act (TCA) 2015 to domesticate implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) regulations. This study assessed the capacity to enforce the TCA and associated factors, as well as the level and barriers to its enforcement in Kampala, Uganda. A cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative methods was employed. A structured questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection, and a WHO adapted capacity assessment open-ended guide was used for key informant interviews. Multivariable logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the independent predictors for capacity to enforce the TCA. A total of 162 respondents from 5 institutions and six key informants were involved in the study. Findings established that only 23% (37/162) of the enforcers had the capacity to enforce the TCA. Male enforcers [OR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.05–0.55)], those who did not know when the law was enacted [OR = 0.19, 95% CI (0.07–0.52)], those with no plans to enforce the law [OR = 0.22, 95% CI (0.05–0.93)], and older enforcers (aged 31–40 years) [OR = 0.27, 95% CI (0.09–0.81)] were less likely to have the capacity to enforce the TCA. The level of enforcement of the TCA was mainly low to moderate for most of the institutions mandated to enforce it. Lack of knowledge about the law amongst the enforcers and general public, and inadequate funds were reported as major barriers to enforcement of the TCA. The capacity to enforce the TCA in Kampala was low. There is potential to enhance the capacity of enforcers through further dissemination of the Act, as well as sensitization of enforcers, institutional managers, and the general public about the legislation.
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Farahat, Omar. „Norms and Values in Islamic Legal Reasoning: The Case of Listening to Music (Samāʿ)“. Religions 14, Nr. 6 (13.06.2023): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14060780.
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This essay examines the ways in which pre-modern Muslim jurists adapted their legal methods to accommodate the complexity of the act of listening to music. I classify those methods from the least to the most inclusive of underlying notions of moral value. This study shows that models on opposite ends of the spectrum function in similar ways. Whether, as in Ibn Ḥazm’s work, the scope of legal norms is confined to the immediate textual meaning, or, as in Ibn Taymiyya’s thought, the formulation of norms corresponds to an underlying moral aim, the result is a broad treatment of all phenomena that relate to music (samāʿ). By contrast, Ghazālī’s discussion of samāʿ is guided by the need to attain conviction of the appropriate course of action rather than the pursuit of an objective truth about the legal-moral status of the act of listening to music, resulting in a subtle case-by-case evaluation, rather than an overarching judgment. While this study does not attempt to give a comprehensive historical account of how and why scholars of Islamic law attempted to restrict or permit certain musical experiences, we can ultimately see how the sharīʿa, a legal system that is fundamentally concerned with moral behavior, purported to advance reasonable models for the assessment and regulation of complex social phenomena.
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Zhang, Kefeng, Ana Deletic, Cintia B. S. Dotto, Ross Allen und Peter M. Bach. „Modelling a ‘business case’ for blue-green infrastructure: lessons from the Water Sensitive Cities Toolkit“. Blue-Green Systems 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2020.018.
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Abstract Stormwater management through Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) delivers multiple benefits across urban environments. However, current integrated modelling tools fail to provide a simplified way of assessing these benefits. In this study, we reflected upon the development of an interdisciplinary BGI planning-support tool, known as the Water Sensitive Cities Toolkit (the WSC Toolkit) and offer guidance for effective tool development going forward. Based on interdisciplinary research, the WSC Toolkit incorporates a suite of independent sub-modules but can be connected together to provide integrated assessment, allowing evidence-based quantification of multiple benefits associated with BGI, e.g., stormwater treatment and harvesting, stream hydrology, erosion, minor flooding, urban microclimate, etc. Distinguished from other larger complex models, the WSC Toolkit was characterised by its simplicity, modularity and extensibility, providing scenario-based integrated assessment of these benefits. Through case studies, we demonstrated how the WSC Toolkit can be used to support improved decision-making towards maximising the benefits of BGI. We also showed how it can act as a platform for practical application of latest research outcomes and meanwhile encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration. We reflect upon five key lessons that could guide future researchers in developing effective integrated assessment tools, particularly within highly interdisciplinary fields such as BGI.
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Hodge, Stacie, Sebastian Helliar, Hamish Ian Macdonald und Paul Mackey. „Using an original triage and on call management tool aids identification and assessment of the acutely unwell surgical patient“. BMJ Open Quality 7, Nr. 2 (April 2018): e000235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000235.
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Until now, there have been no published surgical triage tools. We have developed the first such tool with a tiered escalation policy, aiming to improve identification and management of critically unwell patients. The existing sheet which is used to track new referrals and admissions to the surgical assessment unit was reviewed. The sheet was updated and a traffic light triage tool generated using National Early Warning Scores (NEWS), sepsis criteria and user discretion. A tiered escalation policy to guide urgency of assessment was introduced and education sessions for all staff undertaken, to ensure understanding and compliance. Through multiple ‘plan-do-study-act’ cycles, the new system and its efficiency have been analysed. Prior to intervention, documentation of NEWS did not occur and only 13% of admission observations were communicated to the surgical team. Following multiple cycles and interventions, 93% of patients were fully triaged, and 80% of ‘red’ and ‘amber’ patients’ observations were communicated to the surgical team. The average time for a registrar to review a ‘red’ patient was 37 min and 79% of ‘green’ patients were reviewed within an hour of their presentation. Rapid identification of the unwell patient is crucial. Here we publish the first triage tool that enables early assessment of septic and otherwise potentially unwell surgical patients.
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Silva, R. E., und P. Magalhães Sobrinho. „ENVIRONMENTAL AND FINANCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL GAS COGENERATION PLANTS IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR“. Revista de Engenharia Térmica 12, Nr. 1 (30.06.2013): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v12i1.62011.
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This paper presents a case study on the impact of the use of natural gas cogeneration plants in industrial facilities from food companies established in the State of São Paulo, aiming at the financial and greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) analysis. It is proposed a comparison between two different energy supply models for two manufacturing plants, the first one based on electricity supply from local grid and steam from natural gas fired steam generators, and a second model that considers the industries energy needs being partially supplied through natural gas cogeneration plants which are installed in each one of the companies. This study indicates the differences of the financial results for supplying electricity and steam in both models proposed, describing the main variations and the reasons for those, besides identifying the main current tariff benefits in the legislation for the different classes of power plants and Energy Market. The summarized greenhouse gases inventory is presented for both industries as well, and a later assessment of environmental impact from the studied cogeneration plants in the overall GHG emissions in the two proposed scenarios is done. Finally, it is presented the relation analysis between electricity and steam supplying costs if compared with the greenhouse gases emissions levels for both proposed scenarios, and how public policies can act in order to guide emissions decreasing, since São Paulo State has promulgated a law in which establishes a major GHG emissions reduction to 2020.
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Wang, Longqing, und Xiaofeng Sun. „Mesoporous Silica Hybridized With Gadolinium(III) Nanoplatform for Targeted Magnetic Imaging–Guided Photothermal Breast Cancer Therapy“. Dose-Response 18, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 155932582090231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325820902314.
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Achieving drug target accumulation in antitumor tissue, simultaneous diagnostic imaging, and optimal release behavior with treatment needs a best chemotherapy procedure involving receptive switch of drug delivery. Constructed on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which are crossed with multiscale charming nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-aided and alternate magnetic field (AMF) response chemotherapy for breast cancer, we report in this work the assembly of a new theranostics drug conveyance process. Hydrothermal processes (gadolinium(III) oxide nanoparticles [Gd-NPs]) and heat decomposition process (radical size uFe-NPs) were used to prepare superparamagnetic Gd-NPs with multiscale sizes. Gadolinium(III) oxide nanoparticles act as an AMF-responsive heat mediator, while ultra-Fe nanoparticles (uFe-NPs) act as an MRI T2 contrast mediator. Nanoparticles of the mesoporous silica with radially oriented mesochannels were further grown in situ on the surfaces of the Gd-NPs, and the uFe-NPs anticancer drug doxorubicin can be easily incorporated in the mesochannels. To provide better targeting capabilities for the as-synthesized biotin-loaded nanohybrids, the particle surfaces are updated with biotin (Bt). This optimized drug conveyance method based on nanocomposites of SiO2 demonstrated great efficiency of medication charging and receptive properties of AMF stimulus release. However, tests of MRI in vitro showed an outstanding contrast effect in MRI with a high stimulation quality (299 mM−1 s−1). In contrast, the study of in vitro cytotoxicity assessment revealed that an MRI-directed stimulus-mediated theranostics tool can be used as a drug conveyance device to efficiently treat breast cancer.
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Reilly, Erin D., Ummul-Kiram Kathawalla, Hannah E. Robins, Alicia A. Heapy, Timothy P. Hogan, Molly E. Waring, Karen S. Quigley et al. „An Online Acceptance and Mindfulness Intervention for Chronic Pain in Veterans: Development and Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial“. JMIR Research Protocols 12 (07.03.2023): e45887. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/45887.
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Background In the veteran community, chronic pain is particularly prevalent and often debilitating. Until recently, veterans with chronic pain were offered primarily pharmacological intervention options, which rarely suffice and can also have negative health consequences. To better address chronic pain in veterans, the Veterans Health Administration has invested in novel, nonpharmacological behavior interventions that target both pain management and chronic pain–related functional issues. One approach, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain, is supported by decades of efficacy evidence for improving pain outcomes; however, ACT can be difficult to obtain owing to issues such as a lack of trained therapists or veterans having difficulty committing to the time and resources needed for the full clinician-led ACT protocol. Given the strong ACT evidence base combined with access limitations, we set out to develop and evaluate Veteran ACT for Chronic Pain (VACT-CP), an online program guided by an embodied conversational agent to improve pain management and functioning. Objective The aims of this study are to develop, iteratively refine, and then conduct a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a VACT-CP group (n=20) versus a waitlist and treatment-as-usual control group (n=20). Methods This research project includes 3 phases. In phase 1, our research team consulted with pain and virtual care experts, developed the preliminary VACT-CP online program, and conducted interviews with providers to obtain their feedback on the intervention. In phase 2, we incorporated feedback from phase 1 into the VACT-CP program and completed initial usability testing with veterans with chronic pain. In phase 3, we are conducting a small pilot feasibility RCT, with the primary outcome being assessment of usability of the VACT-CP system. Results This study is currently in phase 3; recruitment for the RCT began in April 2022 and is expected to continue through April 2023. Data collection is expected to be completed by October 2023, with full data analysis completed by late 2023. Conclusions The findings from this research project will provide information on the usability of the VACT-CP intervention, as well as secondary outcomes related to treatment satisfaction, pain outcomes (pain-related daily functioning and pain severity), ACT processes (pain acceptance, behavioral avoidance, and valued living), and mental and physical functioning. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03655132; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03655132 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/45887
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Bhutta, Sadia Muzaffar, Sahreen Chauhan, Syeda Kausar Ali, Raisa Gul, Shanaz Cassum und Tashmin Khamis. „Developing a rubric to assess critical thinking in a multidisciplinary context in higher education“. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 3, Nr. 1 (25.04.2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v3i1.69.
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Critical thinking (CT) is a generic attribute that is greatly valued across academic disciplines in higher education, and around the globe. It is also defined as one of the graduate attributes of higher education for the sample private university where this research was conducted, as it is perceived that CT helps the graduate to become ‘engaged citizens’ in the twenty-first century. Despite the well-documented importance of CT, its assessment remains a challenge. This study addresses this challenge through the systematic development and field-testing of a rubric for assessing critical thinking in a multidisciplinary context in higher education. A multidisciplinary group of faculty (i.e. education, nursing, medicine) from the sample university partnered with a policy research group in Canada to translate this plan into action. The development of the assessment tool followed a multi-step process including: (i) identification of the main elements of CT; (ii) choice of a rubric format; (iii) adaptation of the currently available relevant rubrics; and, (iv) field testing and establishment of the reliability of the rubric. The process resulted in the development of a holistic template, the Assessment of Critical Thinking (ACT) rubric. Two versions of the rubric have been field tested on a sample (n=59) of students drawn from different entities of the sample university. The data collected was subjected to psychometric analysis which yielded satisfactory results. This was a modest attempt to develop an assessment tool to guide multidisciplinary faculty members in teaching and assessing CT by assisting them to make decisions about the level of their students’ CT skills through a combination of numerical scores and qualitative description. It may also empower them to make self-initiated, conscious efforts to improve their classroom practice with reference to CT. The ACT rubric provides an anchoring point to start working on the daunting yet doable task of developing and fine-tuning both the assessment measures of CT and interventions to promote CT based on the assessment findings. Future research may not only provide robust evidence of the reliability and validity of the ACT rubric for a larger and varied sample but also help in making informed decisions to enhance teaching and learning of CT across entities of the sample university.
How to cite this article:
BHUTTA, Sadia Muzaffar; CHAUHAN, Sahreen; ALI, Syeda Kausar; GUL, Raisa; CASSUM, Shanaz; KHAMIS, Tashmin. Developing a rubric to assess critical thinking in a multidisciplinary context in higher education. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. v. 3, n. 1, p. 6-25, Apr. 2019. Available at: https://sotl-south-journal.net/?journal=sotls&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=69&path%5B%5D=34
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Martins, Pedro Henrique Incerpi Paiva, und Wallace Paiva Martins Junior. „Desburocratização e silêncio administrativo na liberação de atividade econômica“. Revista Digital de Direito Administrativo 8, Nr. 2 (06.08.2021): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2319-0558.v8i2p225-250.
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The Economic Freedom Act suppresses or reduces the state intervention in economic activity, what is convenient to study the desbureaucracy measures provided for in it. Beyond criticism on the way of regulation on low-risk activies (which dispenses governmental release), the utilization of eloquente silente on liberation acts of economic activies, althought might be advantageous to the development, and due to the existence of impediments to its application, is an exception to the duties of deciding and motivation that guide the public administration. Administrative silence could be limited to situations of recognition of subjetive law, denying it to the discretionary assessment acts of the Administration, and, based on a distinction between primary and secondary public interest, reserved for the Administration's financial or patrimonial interest. It should also impose the duty of supervision as an adjunct to the positive effect of silence, not only when the act of release is waived, additionally to obliging the individual to declare the beginning of activity. As a general rule, it doesn’t change special laws that do not establish positive effect of administrative silence or deny it on issues related to liberation of economic activity, notably for matters marked by principles such as precaution and prevention.
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McClellan, Sara. „Leading with humility in tumultuous times: evidence from the United States“. International Journal of Public Leadership 16, Nr. 3 (12.05.2020): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-03-2020-0020.
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PurposeWicked problems, cross-sectoral and transregional collaborations, emerging technologies and calls for innovation generate exciting but unpredictable transformations in governance. Emerging research suggests humility, rather than certitude, represents a promising ethos for public leaders working to solve problems in tumultuous times. This study examines the nature, value and practice of humility in public administration (PA) leadership.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews cross-disciplinary research on the nature and value of humility and emerging findings and debates on humility assessment measures. It analyzes discourse among graduate students in US PA classes and uses ethnographic analysis from workshops with local government leaders to identify institutional dynamics that may influence leaders' willingness to act with humility.FindingsFindings suggest that although PA students and leaders may value humility, they encounter institutional constraints related to public sector legitimacy and narratives about expertise and risk. The author proposes a framework to guide future research and practice in humility and public leadership.Research limitations/implicationsPotential constraints emerged from a modest study of courses and workshops; further research is required to test the prevalence of themes across public leadership environments.Practical implicationsPublic leaders, teachers and coaches may apply these practices and assessment measures to cultivate humility in PA classes and organizations.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to explore leadership humility with attention to how PA context may influence practice.