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Thematische Bibliographien / Acid-Selection / Zeitschriftenartikel

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Acid-Selection“

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Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 15. Juni 2024

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1

Massingham, Tim, und Nick Goldman. „Detecting Amino Acid Sites Under Positive Selection and Purifying Selection“. Genetics 169, Nr. 3 (16.01.2005): 1753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.032144.

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2

Silva, Jack da. „ANTIBODY SELECTION AND AMINO ACID REVERSIONS“. Evolution 66, Nr. 10 (21.05.2012): 3079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01686.x.

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3

Howieson, J. G., M. A. Ewing und M. F. D'Antuono. „Selection for acid tolerance inRhizobium meliloti“. Plant and Soil 105, Nr. 2 (September 1988): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02376781.

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4

Krištofíková, L., M. Rosenberg, A. Vlnová, J. Šajbidor und M. Čertík. „Selection ofRhizopus strains forl(+)-lactic acid andγ-linolenic acid production“. Folia Microbiologica 36, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1991): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02884065.

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5

Váchová, A., Z. Panovská und D. Lukešová. „The Selection of the Optimal Rate of Acid and Sweet Taste for Lemon Flavoured Drops“. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (24.06.2009): S330—S332. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/942-cjfs.

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The objective of this work was to choose an optimal rate of citric acid and sweeteners for lemon flavoured drops. Two model samples with defined concentrations of citric acid and two commercial samples were evaluated with using instrumental and sensory methods. Concentrations of sweetening agents and citric acid in the samples were determined using HPLC with a RI detector and isotachophoresis, respectively. The general pleasantness of taste and the intensity of acid and sweet tastes of four lemon drops were evaluated using sensory analysis. General pleasantness was evaluated using a ranking test. Intensities of acid and sweet tastes were evaluated using unstructured graphic scales. The best tasting lemon drops contained 11 g/kg of citric acid and 691 g/kg sweeteners related to the sweet potency of sucrose. The sample with an extremely acid taste was considered unpleasant for most assessors (Friedman, α= 0.05). Generally, the assessors preferred the lemon drops with well-balanced acid and sweet tastes.

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6

Asehraou, A., N. Ghabbour, Z. Lamzira, P. Thonart, P. Cidalia und M. Markaoui. „Selection of oleuropein-degrading lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from fermenting Moroccan green olives“. Grasas y Aceites 62, Nr. 1 (17.02.2011): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.055510.

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7

Ha, Thi Quyen, und Thi Minh Tu Hoa. „Selection of lactic acid bacteria producing bacteriocin“. Journal of Vietnamese Environment 8, Nr. 5 (17.01.2017): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol8.no5.pp271-276.

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Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 10 samples of the traditionally fermented foods (5 samples of Vietnamese fermented pork roll and 5 samples of the salted field cabbage) and 5 samples of fresh cow milks collected from households in Vietnam. 22 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated for inhibition to Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149. Of these, only 2 strains including DC1.8 and NC1.2 have rod shape, the others have coccus shape. 7 strains showing higher antibacterial activity were selected for checking spectrum of antibacteria with indicator bacteria consistting of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecium JCM 5804 and Staphylococcus aureus TLU. By which, 3 strains including NC3.5 (from Vietnamese fermented pork roll), DC1.8 (from salted field cabbage) and MC3.19 (from fresh cow milk) were selected because of their higher antibacterial ability. However, the antibacterial activity of the lactic acid bacteria can be based on their disposable compounds and some other antibacterial compounds produced during their growth (such as lactic acid, H2O2, bacteriocins, etc.). For seeking lactic acid bacteria with capability of producing bacteriocins, antibacterial compounds with protein nature, 3 above strains were checked sensitiveness to proteases (including protease K, papain, α – chymotrypsin and trypsin). Because bacteriocins are proteinaceous antibacterial compounds, so their antibacterial activity will be reduced if proteases are added. The result showed DC1.8 and MC3.19 were capable of producing bacteriocin during culture process. They were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactococcus lactis and classified, respectively, based on analysis chemical characterisitcs by standard API 50 CHL kit and phylogeny relationship by 16s rRNA sequences. Các chủng vi khuẩn lactic được phân lập từ 10 mẫu thực phẩm lên men truyền thống (5 mẫu nem chua, 5 mẫu dưa cải bẹ muối) và 5 mẫu sữa bò tươi được thu thập từ các hộ gia đình ở Việt Nam. 22 chủng vi khuẩn lactic đã được phân lập với tiêu chí có khả năng kháng lại vi khuẩn kiểm định Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149. Trong số đó, 2 chủng DC1.8 và NC1.2 có tế bào hình que, các chủng còn lại có tế bào hình cầu. 7 chủng thể hiện hoạt tính kháng khuẩn cao được lựa chọn để xác định phổ kháng khuẩn rộng hơn với ba loài vi khuẩn kiểm định Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecium JCM 5804 và Staphylococcus aureus TLU. Từ đó lựa chọn được 3 chủng có hoạt tính kháng khuẩn cao hơn hẳn. Các chủng này gồm NC3.5 phân lập từ nem chua, DC1.8 phân lập từ dưa cải bẹ muối và MC3.19 phân lập từ sữa bò tươi. Tuy nhiên, hoạt tính kháng khuẩn của vi khuẩn lactic bao gồm những hợp chất nội tại có trong nó và cả những hợp chất được sinh ra trong quá trình phát triển của nó (như axit lactic, H2O2, bacteriocin, …). Với định hướng tìm chủng vi khuẩn lactic có khả năng sinh bacteriocin, chất kháng khuẩn có bản chất protein, 3 chủng trên được kiểm tra độ nhạy cảm với các protease (gồm protease K, papain, α – chymotrypsin và trypsin). Do bacteriocin là chất kháng khuẩn có bản chất protein nên hoạt tính kháng khuẩn của chúng sẽ bị giảm nếu protease được bổ xung vào. Kết quả lựa chọn được chủng DC1.8 và MC3.19 có khả năng sinh bacteriocin. Hai chủng này được phân loại đến loài nhờ vào phân tích đặc điểm sinh hóa bằng kit API 50 CHL và mối quan hệ di truyền thông qua trình tự gen 16s rRNA. Kết quả phân loại đã xác định chủng DC1.8 thuộc loài Lactobacillus acidophilus và chủng MC3.19 thuộc loài Lactococcus lactis.

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8

Mart�nez-Force, Enrique, und Tah�a Ben�tez. „Selection of amino-acid overproducer yeast mutants“. Current Genetics 21, Nr. 3 (März 1992): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00336840.

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9

Parmegiani, Lodovico, Graciela Estela Cognigni, Walter Ciampaglia, Patrizia Pocognoli, Francesca Marchi und Marco Filicori. „Efficiency of hyaluronic acid (HA) sperm selection“. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 27, Nr. 1 (30.12.2009): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-009-9380-0.

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10

Foxe, J. P., V. u. N. Dar, H. Zheng, M. Nordborg, B. S. Gaut und S. I. Wright. „Selection on Amino Acid Substitutions in Arabidopsis“. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25, Nr. 7 (03.04.2008): 1375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn079.

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11

Hassan, Eman Anwar. „Evaluation of Sperm Selection Technique Using Hyaluronic Acid Binding During ICSI; A Randomized Controlled Trial“. Women's Health Science Journal 6, Nr. 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/whsj-16000164.

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Objective: To compare between Hyaluronan binding system for sperm selection for ICSI procedures (PICSI) and conventional morphology sperm selection. In vitro sperm selection for ICSI is important as it has a direct influence on the paternal contribution of preimplantation embryogenesis. Various laboratory tests were developed to assess the functions of the spermatozoa. Among them, only the tests for sperm DNA fragmentation, hyperactivation of the spermatozoa and the hyaluronan-binding ability are simple and fast. Study Design: A randomized controlled trial where three-hundred cases with male infertility were divided into 3 equal groups according to semen abnormality (oligo, astheno and teratozoospermia) then each group was randomly divided into 2 equal subgroups one underwent PICSI and the other underwent conventional ICSI. The outcomes were fertilization,high quality embryos and clinical pregnancy rate. Results: A significant difference was found in favor of PICSI as regards both high-quality embryos and clinical pregnancy rate in all 3 groups. A significant difference was also found in fertilization rate in favor of PICSI group in both oligozoospermia and teratozoospermia groups but not in asthenozoospermia group. Conclusion: PICSI technique provides better high-quality embryos, fertilization, and clinical pregnancy rates in cases with male factor infertility; however, further studies are needed to define specific criteria for performing PICSI taking into consideration both the expenses and time of the technique.

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12

YOSHIMOTO, Keitaro. „Selection Technologies and Applications of Nucleic Acid Aptamers“. Analytical Sciences 35, Nr. 10 (10.10.2019): 1063–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.highlights1910.

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13

He, Song, Fanghong Gong, Yanan Guo und Dechun Zhang. „Food-grade Selection Markers in Lactic Acid Bacteria“. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 11, Nr. 4 (2012): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1309507875.

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14

Mishra, Ajit, Dave Shoesmith und Paul Manning. „Materials Selection for Use in Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid“. CORROSION 73, Nr. 1 (15.08.2016): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2193.

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15

Henderson, Richard K., Alan P. Hill, Anikó M. Redman und Helen F. Sneddon. „Development of GSK's acid and base selection guides“. Green Chemistry 17, Nr. 2 (2015): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01481b.

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16

Haggarty, P., DM Campbell, S. Duthie, K. Andrews, G. Hoad, C. Piyathilake, I. Fraser und G. McNeill. „Folic acid use in pregnancy and embryo selection“. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 115, Nr. 7 (Juni 2008): 851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01737.x.

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17

McClellan, David A. „Detecting molecular selection on single amino acid replacements“. International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications 8, Nr. 1/2 (2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbra.2012.045977.

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18

., Asad-ur-Rehman, Sikander Ali . und Ikram-ul-Haq . „Selection of Fermentation for Citric Acid in Bioreactor“. Biotechnology(Faisalabad) 2, Nr. 3 (15.08.2003): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2003.178.184.

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19

Sarbu, Ionela, Tatiana Vassu, Ileana Stoica, Emanuel Vamanu und Diana Roxana Pelinescu. „Selection of lactic acid bacteria strains producing exopolysaccharides“. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 22 (September 2011): S96—S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.302.

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20

Ghoorah, Manisha, Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski, Reydick D. Balucan und Eric M. Kennedy. „Selection of acid for weak acid processing of wollastonite for mineralisation of CO2“. Fuel 122 (April 2014): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.01.015.

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21

Salamon, Hugh, William Klitz, Simon Easteal, Xiaojiang Gao, Henry A. Erlich, Marcello Fernandez-Viña, Elizabeth A. Trachtenberg, Shannon K. McWeeney, Mark P. Nelson und Glenys Thomson. „Evolution of HLA Class II Molecules: Allelic and Amino Acid Site Variability Across Populations“. Genetics 152, Nr. 1 (01.05.1999): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/152.1.393.

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Abstract Analysis of the highly polymorphic β1 domains of the HLA class II molecules encoded by the DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1 loci reveals contrasting levels of diversity at the allele and amino acid site levels. Statistics of allele frequency distributions, based on Watterson’s homozygosity statistic F, reveal distinct evolutionary patterns for these loci in ethnically diverse samples (26 populations for DQB1 and DRB1 and 14 for DPB1). When examined over all populations, the DQB1 locus allelic variation exhibits striking balanced polymorphism (P < 10-4), DRB1 shows some evidence of balancing selection (P < 0.06), and while there is overall very little evidence for selection of DPB1 allele frequencies, there is a trend in the direction of balancing selection (P < 0.08). In contrast, at the amino acid level all three loci show strong evidence of balancing selection at some sites. Averaged over polymorphic amino acid sites, DQB1 and DPB1 show similar deviation from neutrality expectations, and both exhibit more balanced polymorphic amino acid sites than DRB1. Across ethnic groups, polymorphisms at many codons show evidence for balancing selection, yet data consistent with directional selection were observed at other codons. Both antigen-binding pocket- and non-pocket-forming amino acid sites show overall deviation from neutrality for all three loci. Only in the case of DRB1 was there a significant difference between pocket- and non-pocket-forming amino acid sites. Our findings indicate that balancing selection at the MHC occurs at the level of polymorphic amino acid residues, and that in many cases this selection is consistent across populations.

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22

Ribič, Pihler, Maruša, Kokalj und Kitak. „Lead-Acid Battery Sizing for a DC Auxiliary System in a Substation by the Optimization Method“. Energies 12, Nr. 22 (19.11.2019): 4400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224400.

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Lead-acid batteries are the most frequently used energy storage facilities for the provision of a backup supply of DC auxiliary systems in substations and power plants due to their long service life and high reliability. It is possible to define the load in these systems, therefore the IEEE 485 Standard can be used for the selection of batteries according to the conventional method of selection. Special attention is paid in the paper to the technical selection of a lead-acid battery, which depends on its operational reliability that decreases with battery aging. It is defined by the extent of maintenance during its service life. A cost analysis was also carried out, which took into consideration maintenance and procurement costs, as well as the costs of the related air conditioning that keeps the prescribed temperature and ventilates the battery room. The impact is shown of selecting a lead-acid battery on the battery room’s operating safety when charging. The final selection of lead-acid battery is performed using an optimization algorithm of differential evolution. Using the optimization process, the new battery selection method includes the technical sizing criteria of the lead-acid battery, reliability of operation with maintenance, operational safety, and cost analysis. Two cases of selection of lead-acid batteries for the backup supply of a DC auxiliary system in a transmission substation are presented in the paper, where the input data were determined based on measurements in an existing substation. A comparison is made between the existing conventional and new lead-acid battery selection method based on optimization.

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23

IINO, Shuuichi, Masahira WATANABE, Tokuhiko KASUGA und Shoji GOTO. „Selection of Wine Yeasts having High Malic Acid Productivity“. JOURNAL OF THE BREWING SOCIETY OF JAPAN 89, Nr. 7 (1994): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6013/jbrewsocjapan1988.89.557.

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24

Akhmerova, E. E., E. A. Shafikova, G. I. Apkarimova, K. Yu Prochukhan, T. R. Prosochkina, I. S. Gaysin und Yu A. Prochukhan. „Selection of Effective Acid Compound for Carbonate Collector Treatment“. Bashkir chemistry journal 25, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/bcj-2018-3-86-92.

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25

Rao, I. M., R. S. Zeigler, R. Vera und S. Sarkarung. „Selection and Breeding for Acid-Soil Tolerance in Crops“. BioScience 43, Nr. 7 (Juli 1993): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311905.

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26

Bondareva, O. V., A. A. Tolkacheva, N. A. Nekrasova, G. P. Shuvaeva, D. A. Cherenkov und O. S. Korneeva. „Selection of optimal conditions for the lactic acid biosynthesis“. Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, Nr. 1 (10.02.2022): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-112-117.

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Lactic acid is used in various industries: chemical, food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agriculture and polymer production. 40% of the domestic market demand for lactic acid is met through imports, while the main methods for producing lactic acid are microbiological or synthetic. The most rational is microbiological synthesis, however, when it is implemented, valuable sugar-containing substrates (crystalline sucrose, molasses, sugar syrup) are used, which significantly affects the cost of the final product. There was an obvious need to search for new technologies for the production of lactic acid. Prospective and cost-effective is the processing of whey into lactic acid using bacterial fermentation of the lactose contained in the whey. The aim of the study is to screen cultures of microorganisms capable of fermenting lactose contained in milk whey and to select the composition of the medium that provides the maximum yield of lactic acid. Strains of lactic acid bacteria were used in the experiment: Leuconostocmesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 122 (B1699), Lactobacillus brevis B78 (B5728), Lactobacillus plantarum K9 (B5466), Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726), Lactobacillus acidophilus (B9012), Lactobacillus paracasei BT 24/88 (B6253), Lactobacillus paracasei 139 (B2430), obtained from the Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute" -Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms). The authors determined the optimal composition of the medium for the biosynthesis of lactic acid by selecting the concentrations of yeast autolysate and salt solution that provide the maximum yield of lactic acid. The authors also selected the optimal duration of lactic acid biosynthesis. The study of the acid-forming ability of strains of lactic acid bacteria showed that of the strains studied, Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726) showed the greatest ability to ferment lactose by synthesizing lactic acid, which correlates with the data on assimilation of lactose by the culture. The optimal cultivation time (132 h) and the concentration of yeast lysate (5%) in a nutrient medium based on curd whey were selected. With optimal parameters, the maximum concentration of lactic acid in the culture liquid of Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726) was 54.77 g / L, which is comparable with the currently used producers in the industrial production of lactic acid.

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27

Klemme, Sonja, Yorick De Smet, Bruno Cammue und Marc De Block. „Selection of Salicylic Acid Tolerant Epilines in Brassica napus“. Agronomy 9, Nr. 2 (18.02.2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020092.

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Two of the major pathways involved in induced defense of plants against pathogens include the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated pathways that act mainly against biotrophs and necrotrophs, respectively. However, some necrotrophic pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, actively induce the SA pathway, resulting in cell death that allows the pathogen to proliferate in the plant. Starting from an isogenic canola (Brassica napus) line, epilines were selected with a reduced sensitivity to SA. The genes belonging to the SA pathway had an altered transcription profile in the SA-tolerant lines, when treated with SA. Besides the already known genes of the SA pathway, new SA target genes were identified, creating possibilities to better understand the plant defense mechanism against pathogens. The SA-tolerant line with the lowest SA-induced gene expression is tolerant to Botrytis cinerea. When treated with SA, this line has also a reduced histone modification (histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation) at the genes at the start of the SA pathway.

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HERIBAN, V., P. MATUŠ, E. ŠTURDÍK und V. SITKEY. „Lactic acid fermentative production. V. Selection of lactobacillus strain.“ Kvasny Prumysl 40, Nr. 5 (01.05.1994): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp1994011.

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29

Begemann, Matthew B., Erin K. Zess, Eric M. Walters, Emily F. Schmitt, Andrew L. Markley und Brian F. Pfleger. „An Organic Acid Based Counter Selection System for Cyanobacteria“. PLoS ONE 8, Nr. 10 (01.10.2013): e76594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076594.

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30

Moses, A. M., und R. Durbin. „Inferring Selection on Amino Acid Preference in Protein Domains“. Molecular Biology and Evolution 26, Nr. 3 (23.12.2008): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn286.

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31

Suzuki, Y., T. Gojobori und M. Nei. „ADAPTSITE: detecting natural selection at single amino acid sites“. Bioinformatics 17, Nr. 7 (01.07.2001): 660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.7.660.

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32

Osborne, Scott E., und Andrew D. Ellington. „Nucleic Acid Selection and the Challenge of Combinatorial Chemistry“. Chemical Reviews 97, Nr. 2 (April 1997): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr960009c.

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33

López-Porfiri, Pablo, Patricia Gorgojo und Maria Gonzalez-Miquel. „Green Solvent Selection Guide for Biobased Organic Acid Recovery“. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 8, Nr. 24 (22.05.2020): 8958–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c01456.

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34

Wei, Zidong. „Selection of an anode for acid zinc-nickel electroplating“. Metal Finishing 97, Nr. 2 (Februar 1999): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(99)80250-5.

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35

Mozioglu, Erkan, Ozgur Gokmen, Candan Tamerler, Zuhtu Tanil Kocagoz und Muslum Akgoz. „Selection of Nucleic Acid Aptamers Specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis“. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 178, Nr. 4 (05.11.2015): 849–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1913-7.

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36

Bacher, Jamie M., und Andrew D. Ellington. „Nucleic acid selection as a tool for drug discovery“. Drug Discovery Today 3, Nr. 6 (Juni 1998): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(97)01166-5.

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37

Cohen, Marvin B. „Selection and characterization of mycophenolic acid-resistant leukemia cells“. Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 13, Nr. 6 (November 1987): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01534483.

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38

Chung, H. S., Y. B. Kim, S. L. Chun und G. E. Ji. „Screening and selection of acid and bile resistant bifidobacteria“. International Journal of Food Microbiology 47, Nr. 1-2 (März 1999): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(98)00180-9.

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39

Chawla, H. S., und G. Wenzel. „In vitro Selection for Fusaric Acid Resistant Barley Plants“. Plant Breeding 99, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1987): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01166.x.

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Woolley, S., J. Johnson, M. J. Smith, K. A. Crandall und D. A. McClellan. „TreeSAAP: Selection on Amino Acid Properties using phylogenetic trees“. Bioinformatics 19, Nr. 5 (22.03.2003): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg043.

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Giraffa, Giorgio. „Selection and design of lactic acid bacteria probiotic cultures“. Engineering in Life Sciences 12, Nr. 4 (09.07.2012): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201100118.

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Alves, Rui, und Michael A. Savageau. „Evidence of selection for low cognate amino acid bias in amino acid biosynthetic enzymes“. Molecular Microbiology 56, Nr. 4 (07.04.2005): 1017–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04566.x.

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Raghavendra, Ponnala, und Prakash M. Halami. „Screening, selection and characterization of phytic acid degrading lactic acid bacteria from chicken intestine“. International Journal of Food Microbiology 133, Nr. 1-2 (Juli 2009): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.05.006.

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Cameron, N. D., S. C. Bishop, B. K. Speake, J. Bracken und R. C. Noble. „Lipid composition and metabolism of subcutaneous fat in sheep divergently selected for carcass lean content“. Animal Production 58, Nr. 2 (April 1994): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800042545.

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AbstractFatty acid synthetase and lipoprotein lipase activities, lipid content of adipose tissue and the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat, sampled by biopsy at the 13th rib, were measured in 20-week-old rams from lines of Texel-Oxford (TO) and Scottish Blackface (SB) sheep, both divergently selected for carcass lean content. A total of 150 animals were measured, with close to equal numbers of animals per selection line-breed combination.In both breeds, the high (lean) selection lines had significantly lower backfat depths (TO : 0·5 mm and SB : 0·6 mm, s.e.d. 0·2) than the low (fat) lines. The lipid content of subcutaneous fat was 65 mg lipid per g fat tissue wet weight (s.e.d. 24) greater in TO rams than in SB rams. The TO low line had a higher lipid content than the high selection line (426 v. 448 (s.e.d. 36)) and although the SB selection lines did not differ, the selection line with breed interaction was not significant. SB rams had higher fatty acid synthetase activity (3·1 v. 2·6 (s.e.d. 0·3) on a log scale) but there were no differences between selection lines. Lipoprotein lipase activities were similar between breeds and selection lines. The lower concentration of myristic acid (C14:0) of TO rams compared with SB rams (0·9 (s.e.d. 0·3)) was the only breed or selection line difference which was statistically significant for fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat.Lipid content of subcutaneous fat and lipoprotein lipase activity were highly correlated and both were positively correlated with performance test traits, especially with backfat depth. The correlation between backfat depth and fatty acid synthetase activity was not different from zero. Performance test traits, lipid content of subcutaneous fat and lipoprotein lipase activity were positively correlated with the unsaturated fatty acids, with the exception of C18 :1 when correlations were negative.

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Zhang, Lichao, und Liang Kong. „A Novel Amino Acid Properties Selection Method for Protein Fold Classification“. Protein & Peptide Letters 27, Nr. 4 (17.03.2020): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866526666190718151753.

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Background: Amino acid physicochemical properties encoded in protein primary structure play a crucial role in protein folding. However, it is not yet clear which of the properties are the most suitable for protein fold classification. Objective: To avoid exhaustively searching the total properties space, an amino acid properties selection method was proposed in this study to rapidly obtain a suitable properties combination for protein fold classification. Method: The proposed amino acid properties selection method was based on sequential floating forward selection strategy. Beginning with an empty set, variable number of features were added iteratively until achieving the iteration termination condition. Results: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method improved prediction accuracies by 0.26-5% on a widely used benchmark dataset with appropriately selected amino acid properties. Conclusion: The proposed properties selection method can be extended to other biomolecule property related classification problems in bioinformatics.

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Nielsen, Rasmus, und Ziheng Yang. „Likelihood Models for Detecting Positively Selected Amino Acid Sites and Applications to the HIV-1 Envelope Gene“. Genetics 148, Nr. 3 (01.03.1998): 929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/148.3.929.

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Abstract Several codon-based models for the evolution of protein-coding DNA sequences are developed that account for varying selection intensity among amino acid sites. The “neutral model” assumes two categories of sites at which amino acid replacements are either neutral or deleterious. The “positive-selection model” assumes an additional category of positively selected sites at which nonsynonymous substitutions occur at a higher rate than synonymous ones. This model is also used to identify target sites for positive selection. The models are applied to a data set of the V3 region of the HIV-1 envelope gene, sequenced at different years after the infection of one patient. The results provide strong support for variable selection intensity among amino acid sites The neutral model is rejected in favor of the positive-selection model, indicating the operation of positive selection in the region. Positively selected sites are found in both the V3 region and the flanking regions.

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Morrell, J. M., und H. Rodriguez-Martinez. „Practical Applications of Sperm Selection Techniques as a Tool for Improving Reproductive Efficiency“. Veterinary Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/894767.

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Modern biotechnologies are used extensively in the animal breeding industry today. Therefore, it is essential that sperm handling procedures do not modulate the normal physiological mechanisms occurring in the female reproductive tract. In this paper, the different selection mechanisms occurringin vivoare described briefly, together with their relevance to artificial insemination, followed by a detailed description of the different selection processes used in reproductive biotechnologies. These selection methods included fractionated semen collection, cryopreservation, biomimetic sperm selection, selection based on hyaluronic acid binding, and last, but not least, sperm sex selection. Biomimetic sperm selection for AI or for cryopreservation could improve pregnancy rates and help to reverse the decline in fertility seen in several domestic species over the recent decades. Similarly, selection for hyaluronic acid binding sites may enable the most mature spermatozoa to be selected for IVF or ICSI.

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Akashi, Hiroshi. „Translational Selection and Yeast Proteome Evolution“. Genetics 164, Nr. 4 (01.08.2003): 1291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.4.1291.

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AbstractThe primary structures of peptides may be adapted for efficient synthesis as well as proper function. Here, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence, DNA microarray expression data, tRNA gene numbers, and functional categorizations of proteins are employed to determine whether the amino acid composition of peptides reflects natural selection to optimize the speed and accuracy of translation. Strong relationships between synonymous codon usage bias and estimates of transcript abundance suggest that DNA array data serve as adequate predictors of translation rates. Amino acid usage also shows striking relationships with expression levels. Stronger correlations between tRNA concentrations and amino acid abundances among highly expressed proteins than among less abundant proteins support adaptation of both tRNA abundances and amino acid usage to enhance the speed and accuracy of protein synthesis. Natural selection for efficient synthesis appears to also favor shorter proteins as a function of their expression levels. Comparisons restricted to proteins within functional classes are employed to control for differences in amino acid composition and protein size that reflect differences in the functional requirements of proteins expressed at different levels.

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Moury, Benoît, Caroline Morel, Elisabeth Johansen und Mireille Jacquemond. „Evidence for diversifying selection in Potato virus Y and in the coat protein of other potyviruses“. Journal of General Virology 83, Nr. 10 (01.10.2002): 2563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2563.

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The modes of evolution of the proteins of Potato virus Y were investigated with a maximum-likelihood method based on estimation of the ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous substitution rates. Evidence for diversifying selection was obtained for the 6K2 protein (one amino acid position) and coat protein (24 amino acid positions). Amino acid sites in the coat proteins of other potyviruses (Bean yellow mosaic virus, Yam mosaic virus) were also found to be under diversifying selection. Most of the sites belonged to the N-terminal domain, which is exposed to the exterior of the virion particle. Several of these amino acid positions in the coat proteins were shared between some of these three potyviruses. Identification of diversifying selection events in these different proteins will help to unravel their biological functions and is essential to an understanding of the evolutionary constraints exerted on the potyvirus genome. The hypothesis of a link between evolutionary constraints due to host plants and occurrence of diversifying selection is discussed.

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Liang, Zhiwen, Ke Zheng, Guifeng Xie, Xiongsheng Luo und Huangjin Li. „Sugar Utilization-Associated Food-Grade Selection Markers in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast“. Polish Journal of Microbiology 73, Nr. 1 (01.03.2024): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2024-011.

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Abstract This comprehensive review explores the development of food-grade selection markers in lactic acid bacteria and yeast; some of their strains are precisely defined as safe microorganisms and are crucial in the food industry. Lactic acid bacteria, known for their ability to ferment carbohydrates into lactic acid, provide essential nutrients and contribute to immune responses. With its strong fermentation capabilities and rich nutritional profile, yeast finds use in various food products. Genetic engineering in these microorganisms has grown rapidly, enabling the expression of enzymes and secondary products for food production. However, the focus is on ensuring safety, necessitating food-grade selection markers. Traditional antibiotic and heavy metal resistance selection markers pose environmental and health risks, prompting the search for safer alternatives. Complementary selection markers, such as sugar utilization markers, offer a promising solution. These markers use carbohydrates as carbon sources for growth and are associated with the natural metabolism of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. This review discusses the use of specific sugars, such as lactose, melibiose, sucrose, D-xylose, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine, as selection markers, highlighting their advantages and limitations. In summary, this review underscores the importance of food-grade selection markers in genetic engineering and offers insights into their applications, benefits, and challenges, providing valuable information for researchers in the field of food microbiology and biotechnology.

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