Dissertationen zum Thema „Accords commerciaux de l'UE“
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Li, Fheng-Ying. „Les règles d’origine préférentielles de l'UE et l’analyse de leur application en matière de marchandises d'importation“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRules of origin are used to define the place where a product was manufactured. To understand the evolution of trade, especially in the cases of unilateral and bilateral trade agreements, the knowledge of the preferential rules of origin and cumulation is necessary.The preferential rules of origin play a legitimate part in the prevention of the commercial deviations. The EU has the largest number of preferential trade agreements with a high degree of harmonization of origin laws, for example the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) for 78 ACP countries and the system of cumulation for EURO-MED.As we know, the subsidiary for agriculture product such as sugar and cotton of EU and USA are the main reason which causes the poverty of LCDs. So, the mains purpose of this dissertation is want to find: Does EU really sincerely uses the preferential rules of origin (PROO) to help the LCDs or just want to keep their historical colonial benefits? Why the EU member against the EU commission's newly policy after the WTO member by the same product? How the EU PROO does keep harmony with their member countries and the WTO's member countries? Could we find a way to improve or replace the PROO of EU for the same product to prevent another case happen both in WTO and CJCE? We have found the answer at the Conclusion
Kyrylenko, Anastasiia. „L’exportation des normes de propriété intellectuelle par l’UE vers les pays voisins de l’Europe de l’Est“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022STRAA008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, I have addressed the IPR enforcement provisions of three Association Agreements (AAs), which the European Union (EU) concluded with Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine in the early 2010s. I drew on these AAs as representatives of the EU's often criticized external intellectual property (IP) policy, launched in 2004, which consists of exporting the EU's internal IP rules through trade agreements. Said analysis allowed me to approach the fundamental question of this thesis: is there something good with the EU trade agreements? The plain answer, supported by this thesis on the example of the AAs, is “yes”. The general investigation, which led to these conclusions, was threefold. First, I analyzed the general policy of the EU towards Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine regarding the enforcement of IPRs, as well as its perception in the academic literature. Second, after tracing existing academic criticism of the EU's trade agreements, I examined whether such criticism was justified, as applied to the three AAs. Third, based on this analysis, I identified additional problems that third countries might face when implementing a trade agreement with the EU
Duc, Cindy. „Accords commerciaux régionaux et démocratie“. Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is to measure the influence of trade agreements on member countries’ institutions and on bilateral trade flows. At first, we discriminate trade agreements according to the inclusion of political constraints imposed to countries’ integration. Then, we analyse the impact of democratic trade agreements on democratization, the quality of democracy as well on the permanence of democracy inside member countries. We also study the specific influence of the European Union on several aspects of institutions. More precisely, we evaluate its impact on political rights, civil liberties, property rights, the quality of the judiciary system, corruption and the quality of bureaucracy. Finally, we estimate the effect of democratic trade agreements on bilateral trade flows
Mevel-Bidaux, Simon. „Accords commerciaux préférentiels et industrialisation de l’Afrique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0502.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research is to empirically examine the extent to which preferential trade agreements can help support Africa's industrialization efforts
Lewandowski-Arbitre, Magdalena. „Les accords d'équivalence relatifs aux mesures sanitaires entre l'UE et les PAECO“. Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010288.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTarascou, Sophie. „L’impact des règles d'origine sur l'efficacité des accords commerciaux discriminatoires“. Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU2012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of international trade and multilateralism, via the successive cycles of negotiations, did not affect the adoption of regional agreements and many preferential arrangements. Majority of these trade agreements contains regulatory provisions aiming at verifying the origin of the imported products and justify the granting of the preferential rights. These provisions are called rules of origin. They describe the modalities and the specific criteria allowing to attribute a national origin to a product and apply it certain commercial rules: free trade agreements, preferential regimes, Generalized System of Preferences, Agreement of Cotonou, instruments of trade defences (anti-dumping measures, countervailing duties…) The presence of the rules of origin justifies itself in the fight against the diversion of traffic. This thesis suggest studying the impact of the rules of origin within discriminatory trade agreements in a computable general equilibrium model. The rules of origin decrease substantially their efficiency: they reflect this way protectionist practices, under the shape of not tariff barriers, relatively common in the current international trade system, creating trade diversions and protecting the producers of domestic intermediate. The softening of rules allows to reduce the negative effects
Saedi, Bonab Behzad. „L' organisation mondiale du commerce et les accords commerciaux régionaux“. Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWTO, a worldwide organization founded on the principle of non-discrimination, recognizes for its members the opportunity to cnter into Regional Trade Agreements (RT As). However, the rise ofRT As in recent years has led to raise questions. Sorne arc institutional and focus on convergence or divergence that might exist between the rules in RTAs and those of the WTû. ûthers are economic-politics related and the impact ofRT As on the configuration and development of international trade itself. But, WTû alsa faces more legal problems relating to RT As. It is, in fact, interpretation and application of provisions relating to RT As, including those of Article XXIV of GATT. This study, by treating ail the dimensions mentioned above, focuses on legal aspects relating to RT As
Ndjambou, Léandre Edgard. „Le transport maritime dans le cadre de la relation entre la France et les pays membres de la Conférence ministérielle des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre (CMEAOC/TM)“. Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrench maritime and commercial relation with its former west- african colonies is ruled by co-operation agreements concluded in the days follwing the independences. Yet, with the creation of the united nations conference on commerce and development in 1964, international talks were entered into with a view to set up a + good conduct code for the conferences ; (1974). Consequently, the advancement of the european integration brougth the eec countries to define the guiding principles of their seaspace managament through a series of rules published in 1986. Since 1994, a world trade organisation has finally been created. Our research work is aimed at taking stock of the evolution of the french martime and commercial relations with its oac partners inside the great flow of international trade liberalization begun with the setting-up of the gatt
Lavray, Hélène. „La contribution des accords commerciaux régionaux à la protection de l'environnement“. Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn teh early 1990s, two phenomenons emerged on the international scene. On the one hand, the renewal of economic regionalism, revived both by the difficulties of the Uruguay Round and the conclusion of the NAFTA and the Treaty on European Union, which signalled Tuna/Dolphin case, brought attention to the topic of the relationship between trade and the environnement. This study looks into the importance given to the protection of the environment within the numerous regional trade agreements. If developments have been mainly taking place within the European Union and the NAFTA, some elements may have been transmitted to other regional trade agreements. Moreover, we will examine the importance of the protection of the environnement within the WTO and the impact of developments within regional trade agreementsche sou
Rocha, da Silva Alice. „L'articulation entre le droit de l'OMC et les accords commerciaux régionaux“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the creation of article XXIV of the GATT, research and analysis related to the relationship between WTO law and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have been based primarily on this article and the search for compatibility of RTAs with conditions and criteria proposed by the latter. Other provisions related to the same theme were created, such as Article V of the GATS and the Enabling Clause, that seek to cover trade in services in these agreements and look for the granting of preferences based on the level of development between WTO Members. However, over time, the application of these provisions and procedures for assessing the compatibility have not reached the desired effect by the negotiators of WTO rules. The RTAs continued to increase in parallel with the WTO system and complementary relationships, competition and conflicts have been established between them. The ineffectiveness to articulate RTAs with WTO law solely using the article XXIV of the GATT leads us to search for new legal tools to achieve this articulation. More particularly, these tools allow us to use the rules of public international law within certain limits and may be very useful for the articulation between RTAs and WTO law. This research of legal tools is divided in two phases: the first one analyzes normative tools for articulation and the second one analyzes the treatment of multiple fora. Some of the items to be discussed will be the limitation of standards in the WTO, the rules of interpretation of WTO law and the attractiveness of the DSB for resolving conflicts among Members of the Organization
Dkhissi, Kawtar. „Accords commerciaux et qualité de la spécialisation : le cas du Maroc“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of international integration, the trade indicators show the significantchanges in Morocco’s trade structure and specialization, which tend to intensive manufacturedproducts in r&d and medium high technological intensity. Moreover, thegrowth of intra-industry trade in manufactured products reflects the development ofthe industry and Morocco’s convergence. For this reasons, the aim of this thesis is toexamine the impact of free trade agreements (fta) on the quality of specialization andinternational integration of Morocco.The influence of the fta is analyzed by employing the gravity model in two separatestudies. In the first one, the model measures the potential of Morocco’s exports between1998 and 2013 from 172 countries. This study finds a positive impact of agreements onMoroccan exports. Among the trading partners, the European Union (eu) has remainedto be the Morocco’s main destination market with an export rate around 99% comparedto estimated exports. Meanwhile, the exports in framework of bilateral agreements withUnited States (us), United Arab Emirates (uae), Turkey, Egypt and Jordan are around91%. However, there is an untapped trade potential with Arab Maghreb Union (amu)countries.In the second study, the gravity model is applied to examine the role of trade openness ontechnological products by using a panel data of Morocco’s exports towards 82 countriesfrom 1967 to 2014. The results show a positive impact of fta on medium high technology,low technology and non-manufactured products.Finally, the analysis of fta’s impacts to Moroccan heterogeneous firms is conductedin the last research. The results of Heckman selection model (1979) show that thecompanies created after year 2000, which use the imported inputs, increase exportingprobability. However, customs and tax constraints reduce export intensity. Moreover,the Tobit model gives a positive effect of technology on export intensity by using thesame panel data
Rouissi, Samir. „Le système GATT / OMC à l'épreuve des accords commerciaux Nord / Sud“. Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLee, Hye Min. „Politique économique des accords de libre-échange de la Corée“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the launch of the World Trade Organization in 1995, the number of bilateral and regional preferential trade agreements has rapidly increased. The sudden proliferation of FTAs can be mainly attributed to three factors; the Success of regional economic integrations such as the European Union and NAFTA; the uncertainty of the Doha Round and other difficulties in advancing further trade liberalization at the multilateral level; pressure from locally based businesses that fear being shut out of export markets by a growing number of FTAs. The Korean government worked to catch up in the global FTA race by formulating a FTA roadmap in 2003 and embarked upon FTA negotiations with major trading partners. The key objective of Korea’s FTA policy is to increase global market access and to provide Korean exporters with a competitive edge as well as to promote foreign investment. The more important goal is to enhance the efficiency of the Korean economy by strengthening transparency and predictability of Korea's regulatory regime. Both the Korea-EU FTA and teh Korea-US FTA are a comprehensive and high-level FTA and are expected to bring real economic benefits and offr enormous opportunities to the Korean economy as well as to the development of teh bilateral economc relations of Korea-EU and Korea-US. As the two agreements complement each other, it was beneficial for the Korean government to pursue the important agreements almost the same time. The auto issue was the most difficult to negociate both for the Korea-US FTA and the Korea-EU FTA. In spite of the different approach of listing the liberalized measures and sectors of the cross border services, the level of commitments of Korea in the Korea-EU FTA is basically the same as that of the Korea-US FTA. The Korea-EU FTA produced almost same but simplified language of the Korea-US FTA on the Committee on Outward Processing Zones on the Korea Peninsulea but deleted rather political expressions like the denuclearization of the Korea Peninsula and impact on intra-Korean relations
Blanc, Hélène. „Contribution theorique a l'analyse des processus concurrentiels globalises : le cas des accords de cooperation inter-firmes“. Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO22002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe inter-firms agreements have become an important organisational form in the eighties. Their analysis is a great challenge for the economists because of their growth in numbers and the new forms they take. They usually concern multinational corporations, often rivals, which intend to cooperate in order to create new technological resources. Neither new collusive mechanisms, nor results of cost miminimisation calculus, the agreements should be interpreted in the broader institutional dynamics of the current globalising competitive economies. To face the new conditions of the global competition - interpenetration of markets and shortening of the product cycles, notably - firms tend to implement adaptative strategies and new network forms of organisation. They also seek to master changes in their environment. In other words, two logicals can be distinguished: the institutional transformations of the multinational corporation toward a network multinational firm, in the one hand, and an inter-institutional logical in the other, which refers to the implementation of competitive strategies purposing to the acquisition of new knowledge created outside the firm but necessary for it. Thesenew pieces of knowledge permit it to reinforce its competitive advantage and to improve its positions on the global markets. The mastering of knowledge is then crucial for the understanding of the global competitive processes and agreements between firms deeply change the rules of the game of the global competition. Then, these cooperation agreements stabilize the exchange rules in a historical period of globalisation
Granger, Wilfrid. „Libéralisation des échanges internationaux et allocation des ressources : le dilemme régionalisme - multilatéralisme“. Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-203.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is to rank, on pure efficiency grounds, two processes of international trade liberalisation : regionalism and multilateralism. Chapter 1 presents the model of the international economy with tariff distortions and international transfers that constitutes the framework of the study. Chapter 2 introduces the criterion used to appreciate the gains from international trade liberalisation. Attention is focused on the need for international transfers. Chapter 3 considers the case for multilateralism. It shows that if mutilateral tariff reforms with appropriated international transfers are pareto improving, mutual gains are not secured without international transfers. Chapter 4 considers the case for regionalism. It reviews the conclusion of the traditional theory on customs unions. It provides a proof of the theorem kemp-wan and discusses its scope. The conclusion balances the results of chapters 3 and 4. It leads to a reconsideration of the theoretical justification of the superiority of multilateralism over regionalism (which supposes transfers accross national borders)
Mayer-Robitaille, Laurence. „Le statut juridique des biens et services culturels dans les accords commerciaux internationaux“. Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs of the beginning of the 80s, the way to consider cultural goods and services in international commercial agreements has been widely and harshly negociated and debated. Until now, international commercial agreements have bestowed two different status to cultural goods and services. These are either considered as commercial products- and therefore covered by commercial agreements- or seen as carrier of cultural values and then excluded of the scope of those agreements. Those visions both deny the real nature of cultural goods and services as they express at a time only one of two essential aspects of cultural goods and services, the commercial or the cultural one. To deal fairly and clearly with cultural goods and services in international commercial agreements, the two-face nature of those products must be recognised
Schiavina, Alessandra. „Accords commerciaux et comportements strategiques : un cadre d'analyse pour la politique agricole commune“. Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation provides an analytical framework allowing to account for some major issues dealing with the international co-ordination of economic policies. The first section considers the establishment of a regional organisation and the consequences for the world welfare. We consider a regional economic organisation as a cartel of countries facing competition from third countries, each member maximising its own collective welfare. We show that the stability of an economic union requires a common tariff protection against exports from third countries. However, if this protection does not exceed the level that ensures cartel stability, it may benefit to third countries which benefit from the positive externalities generated by the establishment of the regional economic union. In the second part of the dissertation, we investigate some international co-ordination problems caused by the asymmetric nature of the contracting parties. The model deals with two countries whose demand structure differ. This leads them to produce different qualities of a same commodities. In such a case, the two countries do not benefit from a given co-ordination of trade and the respect of an agreement requires ex post redistribution of gains between partner countries. We considered a bargaining process under which the redistribution is acceptable, compared to the status quo situation. We show that, in general, this requires a transfer from the country producing higher quality towards the country producing lower quality. The third part of the dissertation deals with the existence of trade restriction measures which are sometimes motivated by protection of quality and by consumers' information objectives. This is the case of product safety standards, which may differ considerably between countries. Without proper information of consumers on the origin of the goods available on the market, trade liberalisation may generate some market inefficiencies and cause welfare losses. The effects of a freer trade depend on consumers' beliefs on the quality of imported goods
Fe, Doukoure Charles. „Accords commerciaux régionaux : dynamique de l'intégration, des échanges et du développement dans l'UEMOA“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to analyze the impact of the creation of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), a regional trade agreements (RTAs) example on the dynamics of trade and development in this area. It analyzes the process of real convergence and examines opportunities to strengthen the integration process. The first chapter focuses on the impact of integration on reducing disparities in per capita income between member countries. Measured by the standard deviation of per capita GDP at constant prices of 2005, these analyzes revealed that the WAEMU countries are experiencing a real convergence between 1970 and 2010. However, according to our analysis, the creation of teh WAEMU has not significantly improved living conditions in memeber countries. The idea expressed in the first chapter is a regional trade agreements (RTAs) which brings together more or less equal partners and aims not only to promote trade themselves, but also and especially the integration and developemnt, may be a useful adjunct for multilateralism in the sense that it allows to correct inefficiencies and absorb its impact. On the other side, some RTAs can pose serious threats to the multilateral trading system from the moment they generate imbalances and reinforce inequalities between those who sign them. This is the case of many RTAs involving developing and developed countries. The second chapter focuses on one example of this type of RTAs and proposes a strategy to reduce the negative effects and to enable developing countries to reap the benefits of free trade. The analysis is done on the macroeconomic implications of economic partnership agreements(EPAs) between the countries of the European Union and those of the African Caribbean and Pacific. We show, using data from Côte d'Ivoire that, with productive public spending, developing countries can reudce the negative effects of short-term EPA. Developing countries are so small and too weak to cope with foreign competition that they implement protectionist policies such as the introduction of a tariff on imports. This is the case of the common external tariff imposed by the WAEMU imports from third countries. Chapter three of this tesis proposes a simple DGSE model, to assess macroeconomic impacts of this change in tariff structure. It appears that the net effect of a tariff reduction is the decrease of the main components of domestic demand and a lower level of consumer utility. The analysis shows that the dynamics of medium and long term as well as the instantaneous reaction of theses components depend on the elasticity of substitution between varieties of imported goods
Plunket, Anne. „Evolution de la cooperation : contribution a l'etude des determinants des processus d'evolution et de selection de la cooperation technologique“. Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA111002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes a theoretical framework to study the evolution of technological interfirm agreements. It applies directly evolutionary notions, namely the selection principle (lamarckian and darwinian) to the dynamics of agreements. The evolution of cooperation appears as the result of processes of adaptation and selection acting on three units of selection (the governance structure, the competencies-routines, the projects-strategies). These units depend on two selection environments: an internal environment determined by two interrelated dynamics : the evolution of cooperation as an input (contractuel arrangements and incentives to allocate ressources to the agreement) and as an output (products of cooperation such as the institutionalization process and the creation of ressources), and an external environment (institutional and economic context). These environments act on the three units of selection, i. E. On, respectively, the contractual (coordination potential, i. E. The market, hierarchy, cooperation trade-off), the cognitive (capacity to create new products and know how) and the economic dimension (capacity to generate profits) of the agreement. Thus, the evolution and survival of cooperation do not depend on a single selection criterion but on a set of selection criteria which jointly determine the reinforcement (i. E. Continuity) or the breach of the agreement. The mecanisms of selection explain the evolution of cooperation through adaptation and selection processes. The thesis is based on 25 case stydies of eureka agreements in the field of biotechnologies and new materials
Lavallée, Emmanuelle. „Gouvernance et ouverture commerciale“. Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis studies the interactions between governance and trade openness. Governance is defined as the traditions and the institutions by which authority is exercised in a country for common good. It is focused on a particular aspect of governance, corruption that is the misuse of public office for private gain. Within the scope of this general research framework, this thesis deals with various issues. We test, at the firm level, one of the ways by which trade openness is supposed to reduce corruption, the one of competition. We assess the efficiency of the EU Mediterranean agreements as regards the promotion of democracy and good governance. We study the consequences on trade openness of corruption. Lastly, we analyze the impact on bilateral trade of institutions similarity, and of institutions quality
Sakho, Mariam. „Le marché mondial du cacao : perspectives d'évolution à long terme“. Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D304.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOnly produced by the less developping countries and used by the developped ones, cocoa s'international trade is very important. But since ten yearo, this raw material knows serious problems whichs cause trouble to it's economy. There is an over production to the producers, opposite to a stabilizing consumption this situation implies law pices. Ceteris paribus, the actuel conjoncture of cocoa market will become structural. The developping countries way improve cocoa quality
Fe, Doukoure charles. „Accords commerciaux régionaux : dynamique de l'intégration, des échanges et du développement dans l''UEMOA“. Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBOSMANS, WERNER. „Les implications des accords commerciaux regionaux sur les echanges agricoles : le cas du mercosur“. Montpellier, ENSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENSA0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIderkou, Meriem. „La contribution des accords commerciaux au respect des droits fondamentaux des travailleurs au Maroc“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CERG0573.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 2004, took place in Morocco in-depth reform of the Labour Code just after the entry into force of the trade agreement with the European Union, coincided with the negotiations of that which United States.The views Moroccan that marred the end of 90th the debate on the "social clause" in WTO seemed to be re-discuss light of these events.The question seemed simple : are there any social clauses in trade agreements signed between Morocco and its trading partners and if so what is their impact on the Moroccan legal system?It was therefore to investigate:First, all trade agreements concluded by Morocco since independence to verify the existence of such clauses and where appropriate date their appearance;Second, the debate over the inclusion of a "social clause" in trade agreements (historical, diplomatic and theoretical, logical and logical Moroccan business partners of Morocco, logic of international organizations including WTO and ILO) to attempt to define the content.The field of research, then refocused on the fundamental rights of workers, left the question of enforcement of these rights in Morocco.To answer the question posed by this study, meetings and interviews were conducted with several officials of the Moroccan administration to really know whether Morocco's trade agreements have contributed to the fundamental rights of workers in this country
Abondance, Bernard. „La généralisation des accords de coopération“. Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the cooperation agreements generalization, agreements which have been signed by companies of differents nationalities, is seen under the light of the industrial dynamic contribution and those of international economy. This phenomenon is considered as a way ot coordinate the economical activity. It is an addition to the market and the hierarchy. It is the result of the interaction existing between firms and the crisis. In the first chapter, it is shown that cooperation does not mean neither the death of competition nor the end of power relation. It appear to be rather their extension under a more appropriate form than their denial. In the second chapter, one can realize that the organizational impact of this phenomenon is in fact limited. Therefore, it can be thought that cooperation is in fact a self organisation process. As it creates a new kind of relationship and changes the aspecte of the system, it helps the companies to face the difficulties generated by the crisis
Schmied, Frédéric. „Les effets des accords de l'OMC dans l'ordre juridique de l'Union Européenne et de ses États membres : l'invocabilité au service de l'influence de l'Union sur la mondialisation du droit“. Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN20012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMitry, Moussa. „Contrats internationaux de coopération industrielle entre parties d'inégal développement : Ouest/Sud“. Université de Tours. UFR de droit, d'économie et des sciences sociales, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR1019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe international contract of industrial cooperation between developed and developing parties is distinguished by :. A common objective "object clauses",. Acquisition of technology process, "reason clauses",. A long term "evolutive contract". The relationship between the parties is based on mutual trust, intiutu personna. Moreover, contractors are in equal position vis-a-vis the "object clause". This kind of contract could be constituted according to two formalities : contractual or institutional. The concerning governments and the international organization, e. G. Unido, encourage industrial firms from western and southern countries to establish contracts of cooperation. However, those contracts suffer from the lack of specific legal rules, neither national nor international
Jammy, Thierry. „L'accord automobile CEE-Japon“. Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn its life cycle, the automobile product on the three major markets (USA, West Europe, Japan) has reached its maturity phase. This fact, linked with both a commercial and an industrial offensive of Japanese car makers on the same markets, has generated a strong thigthening of competitive intensity. Competing in a war state oligopoly, players then favored the emergence of neo-protectionism sampled by volontary restrictions on exports, as witnessed by the EEC-Japan automobile agreement. Negociations between the miti and EEC lasted for more than one year and ended on july 31, 1991 with the signature of the agreement whose main objective is to organize a progressive entry of Japanese cars into the EEC until the end of the century. This agreement, built on no official legal material, except for a memorandum to the GATT, proved itself rather as a compromise between EEC members than between Europe and Japan. Finally, due to a poor thinking process and rather more due to a lack of definition of the reference product in its transplant acceptation, the Japanese car makers will be in a position to easily go around the agreement and to be ready for a massive offensive by the end of the transition period, while still preserving their national market. As a whole, the agreement will imply a worsening of the overcapacity crisis and a strengthening of the price war, wich raises the question of the survival of some European car makers as independant legal entities. Furthermore, the agreement implies a sharing of the markets in opposition with the GATT spirit and the maastricht treaty
Zignago, Soledad. „Mesures d'accès aux marchés mondiaux“. Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParaina, Auguste Richard. „Le fonctionnement du marché international du café sous le régime de l'accord“. Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis tries to point out the particularities of the international market of coffee due to the existence of the international agreement on coffee. It analyses the problems of indicator prices elaborated by the international organisation of coffee. It is also talking about the circumstances of the international market of coffee from 1975 to 1987. Finally, it is pointing out the effects of the agreement on the fluctuations of the prices of coffee
Hammamoun, Saïd. „La conditionnalité politique dans les accords d'association entre l'UE et les pays du Maghreb : contribution à l'étude d'une politique juridique de projection“. Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0728.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe object of this study aims to analyze the political conditionality as a legal policy of projection applied within the framework of the association agreements between the EU and the Maghreb countries (Barcelona process). It was focused on precise issue that related to ambiguities of the normative logic which underlies the European step in this area. Its analysis reveals, however, that the effectiveness of such a policy depends on the existence of a credible prospect able to give it signification, or else its implementation appears inconsistency and prolongs the debate on its legal validity (human rights clauses)This situation imposes from now on a redefinition of the partnership approach so that the Mediterranean identity of the EU's foreign relations is developed as a prospect different from accession but distinct from a simple externalisation of the EU's internal policies (cooperation in the fields of Justice and Home affairs). A clarification of the normativeness of such a policy seems an essential requirement. It goes from there the visibility of the EU's external relations at the time when it seems to be defined in normative power logic within the framework of its current borders (European neighbourhood policy)
Elkesh, Mohammad Safi Youssef. „La clause de la nation la plus favorisée dans les accords économiques internationaux de l'Egypte“. Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the M. F. N. C. In Egypt's international economic agreements is linked to two main ideas: on the on hand, Egypt's multilateral engagement in relation to the clause; on the other hand, the impact of this engagement's implementation on the Egyptian agreements including a M. F. N. C. Or a preferential treatment or both of these legal systems. Concerning the multilateral engagement, it is included in three of the WTO's multilateral agreements: the 1994 GATT, the GATS, and the TRIPs. The M. F. N. C. Stipulated in these agreements is of an unconditional and multilateral nature, and it is applicable to merchandise, services, foreign direct investments, and trade related aspects of intellectual property rights. Regarding the effect of the laid engagement's implementation on Egypt's international economic agreements, it is manifested by the reactivation of the former 1947 GATT's effects on these agreements. In this respect, attention must be drawn to the reconsiderations of the agreements authorised or accepted by the 1947 GATT, and to the reinforcement of the application of the multilateral M. F. N. C. In the agreements between Egypt and the non-member countries of the WTO. This has also led to the new effects relative to the Egyptian agreements, shown by the extension of the multilateral clause's application to cover the agreements regarding investments, and the reinterpretations of the agreements containing a M. F. N. C. Which has an ambiguous character
Schlick, Julie. „Mondialisation, Agriculture et Changement Climatique : Quatre essais en Economie Internationale“. Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU2062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation studies several determinants of international trade. The first Chapter focuses on prices evolution for French wine export. It explains the recent stability of wine price by an increasing competition faces by French exporters that thwarts the increasing global demand due to the growth of higher income in emerging market (mainly in China). In the second Chapter, we investigate whether water is a determinant of agricultural trade. To estimate this impact, we construct a new indicator that allows to get a better approximation of available water by correcting some local and product specificities. This analysis is completed with simulations about the climate change impact on trade. Simulations highlights a negative impact of climate change on trade but the effect is inequaly distributed among countries. Chapter 3 and 4 analyse the Regional Trade Agreement as determinant of trade for African countries. The third chapter quantifies the impact of several agreements (COMESA, SADC,...) on trade while the fourth chapter is focusing more specifically on the EAC agreement. Main results show an increase of welfare for African countries but with an amplitude of such an increase relatively weak
Seghir, Sonia. „L' impact économique de l'intégration des pays de l'Europe centrale et orientale à l'Union européenne sur le Maghreb“. Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMadariaga, Nicole. „Intégration régionale, localisation industrielle et convergence régionale“. Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlanzi, Abdulsalam. „L'OMC, les pays membres du Conseil de coopération du Golfe arabe et la protection de la propriété intellectuelle“. Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis to study the compatibility of the protection of intellectual property rights in the Cooperation council for the Arab states of the Gulf with the Trade related intellectual property agreement of the World trade organization (the Trips agreement of the WTO). Renowned in the past as being a haven for pirated and counterfeited goods from Asia, the Gulf countries remained for years in top position in the famous US Trade representative's special 301 list. The lak of an appropriate law to protect intellectual property rights had often been denounced as being an incentive for piracy and counterfeiting. Nevertheless, there has been some significant improvement in all these areas over the past few months. First, the Gulf Co-operation council respected the general protection of the intellectual property of the Trips agreement by their tender to the general provisions, basic principles and their respected to enforcement of intellectual property rights. Secondly the Gulf Co-operation council respected the special protection of the intellectual property of the Trips agreement, the Gulf Co-operation issued a new laws for copyright, patent, trademarks and designs and industrials models. On the legislative level, most of GCCA countries still have to enact provisions to protect the layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits, geographical indications and protection of undisclosed information to fully comply with requirements of the Trips agreement
Kilolo, Jean-Marc Malambwe. „Three essays on trade and transfers: country heterogeneity, preferential treatment and habit formation“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01074899/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMy dissertation is a theoretical and empirical study of international transfers and trade between heterogeneous countries. In the first essay, I use the trade war model developed by Kennan and Riezman (1988) with Stone-Geary preferences and show that free trade is the corner solution to the maximization of the global welfare. This maximization problem yields a candidate solution that corresponds to a tariff-subsidy combination where the South (the small country) applies a tariff against its imports, while the North (the large country) subsidies its imports when countries are asymmetric. This candidate solution is of course rejected as it corresponds to a saddle point. These findings shed light on the inefficiency of the unilateral privileged access that ACP countries enjoyed on the European market under the Lomé and the Cotonou agreements, while keeping their tariffs high. In addition, this paper explains the transition from such treaties to WTO-compatible economic partnership agreements. In the second essay, I develop a standard North-South trade agreement model between two heterogeneous countries. I find that the welfare effects of a free trade agreement (FTA) depends on the type of heterogeneity considered. In the presence of sufficient heterogeneity in the supply functions, the country experiencing supply-side constraints (SSCs) – “the small country” – is worse off, while the bigger is better off. In this case, the transfer flows from the large to the small country. However, when countries are sufficiently heterogeneous with respect to either size or demand functions, the small country is better off, while the large country is worse off. Thus, the small country must compensate the large country for the FTA to be incentive-compatible. This model provides an interesting explanation of the FTA between the ACP countries and the EU (Economic Partnership Agreements, EPAs). Indeed, the EPA provides for technical and financial assistance from the EU to the ACP to enable them to overcome the supply constraints. Testing this prediction with ACP-EU data, I find that the initiation of the interim EPA has a positive effect on foreign aid allocation decision when supply heterogeneity is taken into account. Finally, using a two-period pure exchange model of free trade, in the third essay, I study the welfare effects of foreign aid in the presence of habit formation. Assuming that the North makes a transfer only in the first period, I show that the terms-of-trade effect of the transfer in the second period operates through the habit parameter; in other words, in the absence of habit formation, the transfer does not distort relative prices and thus, there is no transfer paradox. I prove that its existence crucially depends on the growth of total endowments; actually, the transfer paradox occurs when the world endowment of the North's import (the South's export) good increases sufficiently more that of its export (import) good. Moreover, the model shows that the export-enhancing effect of the transfer is short-lived, since the habit formation effect decreases over time. Testing this claim with aid and trade data between France and 32 ACP countries, I find that only one period lagged transfer affects French exports. The contribution of this essay is to describe the process by which foreign aid benefits the donor country through the formation of habits in the recipient country for the good it exports
Alshareef, Salam. „Des contraintes sur l’espace de la politique industrielle dans les accords commerciaux régionaux de type Nord-Sud et Sud-Sud“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLately, interests in industrial policy have made a remarkable comeback in an international environment that holds serious challenges as the integration into the wold economy that took the form of trade, investment, and financial liberalization, in last three decades, has reduced de facto and de jure industrial policy space.The thesis provides a qualitative and a comparative assessment of constraints on the use of industrial policy instruments in the context of the rising regionalism. It reviews 36 North-South and South-South regional trade agreements: 10 Agreements of the United States, 12 Agreements of European Union, 6 Chinese Agreements and 8 Indian Agreements, all with developing countries. It maps commitments that affect industrial policy instruments in three interrelated areas: foreign investment regulation, patent, and standardization. It compares the agreements’ engagements against WTO obligations and each other.Results show that North-South modes of regulation of investment and trade relations go systematically beyond WTO Agreements commitments, narrowing and eliminating its “flexibilities”. As a result, de jure industrial policy space of partner countries shrinks to a historically low level. In turn, the South-South modes of regulation of trade and investment relations preserve WTO “flexibilities” to a large extent, as result of (i) explicit affirmation of these flexibilities, and (ii) the non-inclusion of substantial commitments going beyond WTO agreements.Contrary to the agreements of the United States and the European Union, the de jure possibility to use industrial policy instruments is substantially preserved under the agreements of China and India with respect to: (i) measures aimed at regulating foreign investments in a manner that permits to trigger its industrial development benefits and to avoid its associated risks, (ii) the design of national patent system in manner that facilitates the access to and diffusion of technologies and knowledge, and (iii) the use of standards and technical regulations as instruments to overcome investment coordination failure, and as tools of control mechanism that should be associated with the State’s distributed rent to local producers
Kotcho, Bongkwaha Jacob. „La négociation des accords commerciaux régionaux et l'intégration régionale en Afrique Centrale : une analyse des déterminants des rapports de force“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe context of international trade relations is marked since 1995 by a multiplication of the negotiation and renegotiation processes of trade agreements both at the multilateral, plurilateral (including regional arrangements) and bilateral levels. Most of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) in force in the world are the products of negotiations that bring together countries of different levels of development.This study identifies and analyzes the factors that influence both the progress and the outcome of RTAs negotiations in an asymmetric context between partners involved in regional integration process. It focuses on the conditions and modalities in which the actors of the system interact to produce rules and standards that will govern their trade relations. The analysis places at its center the question of power and its use by the actors in a political system. Specifically, it aims to highlight the factors that determine the balance of power in the negotiation process seen as a political system, and to analyze the mechanisms of influence of these factors on the course and outcome of the process.The study conclude that the balance of power in the negotiation of an RTA in an asymmetrical configuration, is determined and can be explained by a set of factors from socio-anthropological, economic, political, geographical and historical order. These factors can be summarized by five concepts which are: strength, dependence, consistency, strategy and tactics. They unfold in a dynamic and encrypted environment-driven powers that govern international economic and trade relations, and they are promoted by the institutions established for this purpose. Finally, the results of their use on the power of actors are unpredictable a priori
Benmakhlouf, Khalid. „Le droit international des investissements dans une optique de libre-échange“. Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_benmakhlouf.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRegarding the field of investment, it was upheld in different doctrines that the issue of protection only presented a temporary explanation to expropriation businesses in the 70s. The attention moves at the present time, towards problems of circulation. In other words, the problems of mobility of funds and investments. The law of investments would become, at least in a first approach, the incidental of international law of exchange for it is the free trade that induces the liberalization of investment. In practice, a narrow relationship exists between international liberalization of investments and public interests of hosting states. Will we conclude to a mutation of the standard ones of treatment and of protection traditionally included in the investment agreements? There would have - it of new clauses that henceforth left facts of the normative device of the conventional instruments? To which one case, go - they to oust standard? It is at these interrogations that it would suit to bring the response elements while examining, notably, the various sources of international investments law (agreements of the WTO, conventions of regional integration, free trade agreements. . . )
Kang, Yoo-duk. „Analyse comparative de l'intégration économique : Europe et Asie de l'Est“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEuropean integration has provided a reference of successful economic integration. Its model is characterized by the establishment of a common market that goes with an institutionalized structure. Contrarily, the economic integration observed in East Asia advanced without the support of any preferential trading regimes. It is only since the late 90s that East Asian countries have started accepting regionalism through regional trade agreements (RTAs). In this thesis, we conduct comparative analyses between economic integration in Europe and East Asia from multidimensional perspectives. Through comparative empirical analyses based on revealed comparative advantage and gravity model, we found that the East Asian countries have achieved a considerable degree of regionalization through trade and investment, and their intra-regional trade evolves toward a more intra-industry trade nature. This suggests that they are approaching a level of de facto integration that would make the preferential trade liberalization more "natural" than before. Their bilateral RTAs reflect their national strategies for trade and investment policies and their institutional capacities. Economic integration through FTAs is part of their trade policies and purpose-designed proactive efforts in the globalizing trade environment
Gilles, Anne. „La définition de l'investissement international : essai sur un concept juridique incertain“. Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010324.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuepie, Geoffroy. „Accords Régionaux de commerce, conflits et Bien-être“. Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU2058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to contribute to recent debates on the potential benefits of trade openness among African countries. This, by addressing the triptych regional trade agreements, welfare and conflict.The African continent is currently facing two major governance challenges: regional integration and the management of armed conflicts. Indeed, the trade performance of African countries remains marginal compared to the rest of the world. This is despite the different trade policies implemented since the 1970s (import substitution policy, North-South regional agreement, etc.). Among these trade policies, African governments have decided to focus on regional agreements in order to increase trade among member countries. Have these agreements had the expected effect ? To what extent ?If we refer to popular belief, the answer seems to be no. However, this answer ignores the potential political benefits of trade openness. As such, the work presented here first examines the effect of African regional agreements on trade and welfare. This is done using the latest developments in international trade theory and the best techniques for estimating gravity equations. Second, we analyze both theoretically and empirically the effect of increased trade on the probability of a civil war occurring. The results obtained allow us to conclude, on the one hand, that nearly half of the trade between members of trade agreements in Africa would not have been possible without the signing of the RTAs. On the other hand, both domestic and international trade, reduces the risk of civil conflict in Africa
Todorova, Polia. „Régionalisation et intégration européenne : le cas des échanges extérieurs bulgares“. Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theseTodorova.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation identifies the factors that affect the foreign trade of Bulgaria in a context determined by two elements : the regionalisation of the trade on the Balkan area and its integration with EU. Our research is founded on the literature on trade integration and on the new trade theory. In a step of path dependence we evaluate the effects of socialist experiment on trade (Chapter I). The impact of external determinants of trade flows (economic relations with EU and foreign direct investments) is examined in Chapter II. The analyze of the transition process namely the state of productive structures, as well as the monetary policy is proposed to evaluate the internal conditions of the development of the trade (Chapter III). We show that these elements direct trade flows of Bulgaria towards two essential directions : the EU and the Balkans. Regional strategy of Bulgaria in the context of its accession and the articulation between these two processes is examined in Chapter IV. It appears clearly that regionalisation exist only towards the perspective of European integration. To check the economic utility of the creation of the free trade area in the Balkans we carry out an empirical work based on the gravity model (Chapter V). The possibilities of expansion of the trade between Bulgaria and the Balkan countries will be more important after the integration of all these countries with the EU
Lyou, Sun-Hyung. „Étude des accords relatifs à l’investissement international conclus par les États d’Asie de l’Est – Chine, Corée, Japon –“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, three states in East Asia – China, Korea and Japan – have steadily extended their networks of international investment agreements. This reflects the awareness of these three states regarding the importance of the protection of their investors. In 2012, China, Korea and Japan have concluded a trilateral investment agreement which illustrates their differences and similarities, and reflects their regional characteristic concerning the protection of international investments. This study analyses and examines the substantial provisions as well as procedural provisions in the international investment agreements of these three states in East Asia
Pédé, Célestin Euloge. „Principaux déterminants des investissements directs étrangers : une analyse régionale“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25376.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study uses gravity model to investigate the main determinants of foreign direct investment flows from OECD countries to various regional economies. Accounting for potential endogeneity, we estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) and Average treatment effect on the treated (ATET). Our approach has allowed us to make a regional analysis based on the location of the destination countries, their income level and their level of the corruption. Our results suggest that compared to Sub Sahara Africa, regions of Latin America, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia and Middle East and North Africa attract more strongly FDI from OECD while Europe and Central Asia seem indifferent from these investments. FDI decrease when the destination nation is intermediate, middle or low income. Finally, the level of the corruption dose not determines the FDI from OECD. Keywords: Foreign direct investment, gravity model, regional trade agreements.
Nguyen, Duc Bao. „Essays on regional trade agreements and international trade“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0203/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this dissertation focuses on the analysis of different aspects of the relationship between regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system. We aim to provide a fresh understanding and views of the role of RTAs and regionalism in general as an important feature of international trade policy today. In chapter one we revisit the ex post effects of RTAs on member countries’ trade and extrabloc trade by adopting an empirical approach. We explore how regional trading blocs have influenced trade among members as well as trade with nonmembers. Our analysis confirms the widespread trade-enhancing effects of RTAs on member countries’ trade; however, in many cases, they lead to trade diversion effects that are detrimental to the rest of the world. Chapter two takes a closer look at how the implementation period of trade liberalization and partners’ levels of development affect the RTA dynamic effects on trade over time. We obtain distinct patterns of ex post RTA effects on trade across North-North RTAs, South-South RTAs and North-South RTAs. We empirically validate that RTAs formed by trading partners experiencing similar economic development status (North-North RTAs or South-South RTAs) are likely to lead to a larger increase in members’ trade during a shorter implementation period. Chapter three studies the mechanism through which RTAs impact the effect of financial development on trade flows between exporting and importing countries. In this joint work with Anne-Gaël Vaubourg, we show that the trade-enhancing role of financial development in the exporting country—especially through intermediated finance—is mitigated when there is an RTA between this country and its trading partner
Dupouey, Jacques. „La dimension juridique de l’intégration régionale des pays d’Asie du Sud-Est : intégration et ordre juridique international : le cas de l’ASEAN“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe countries located in Southeast Asia have, very soon, during the postcolonial period, foreseen to regroup to forming a regional organization named “ASEAN” (Association of nations of Southeast Asia). We would like to address the concept of economic regional integration from a legal perspective based on the example of ASEAN. This will in particular lead us to distinguish such a concept with other terms similar or very closed, such as regionalism, regionalization and economic cooperation. What are the features of regional integration? What are its manifestations? Despite all the diversity of regional organizations the purpose of which is to build an economic integration within a specific region, what are the common features that a lawyer can observe? How to reveal the ASEAN regional organization through the economic integration process it has launched and strategies chosen by it? What are its peculiarities? What are the challenges it has to face to achieve its integration goals through the following three dimensions: the ASEAN Economic Community, the ASEAN Political &Security Community, and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community? What external support can ASEAN receive to strengthen its regional integration process? Southeast Asian countries look for a closer proximity between themselves on the basis of intergovernmentality and with the deep concern of recognition and protection of their sovereignty that lead to favor Soft law more than hard law in decision-making production. Our approach will be well differentiated from those adopted so far by the economists and political scientists or experts in international relations and will not be reductive to a Eurocentric viewpoint. The main features and the internal dimension of the ASEAN will be addressed in a first part, while the second part will be devoted to the external dynamic of the economic integration of the ASEAN based on a selective choice of partnerships (EU, free trade agreements, Asian Development Bank, APEC)
Toglo, Amévi. „Accords de Partenariat Trans Pacifique et secteur laitier canadien : analyse des impacts économiques“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28358.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePending the possible implementation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), the protocol of which was signed at the autumn 2015, we have analyzed its economic impacts using a partial equilibrium model on the supply-managed Canadian dairy sector. The issue was addressed in terms of tariff liberalization with a minimum access increase per tariff line. Using the short-term scenarios (no adjustments) and long-term scenarios (reduction of the national marketing quota), we analyzed the implications of the TPP for the welfare of the various actors in the sector, inputs and outputs and the quantities offered and consumed. The results show a decrease in the domestic price and the quantity offered of the input as well as a net increase in general short-term and long-term welfare of 0.3% and 0.7%, respectively. -- Keywords: dairy sector, tariff liberalization, minimum access, supply management, Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP).
Villalpando, Cadena Paula. „La politique extérieure mexicaine et son intégration régionale : des maquiladoras à l'Alena“. Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010334.
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