Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Academic procrastination；emotion regulation“

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety, and procrastination in high school students. Methods: The study sample consisted of 350 high school female students in Rasht City, Iran. The study subjects responded to the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Cattell Anxiety Scale (CAS), and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Data analysis was performed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling technique in SPSS and AMOS. Bootstrap in Preacher and Hayes’ Macro program (2008) was also used to test the indirect relationships between the study variables. Results: There was a direct and significant relationship between academic procrastination, anxiety, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (P<0.0001). There was an inverse and significant relationship between procrastination, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and mindfulness (P<0.0001). Mediation analysis data revealed that the maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies exacerbated the effects of anxiety on academic procrastination; the indirect effect of anxiety on procrastination through adaptive strategies was significant. Conclusion: Procrastination in students could be reduced by minimizing anxiety, correcting maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and strengthening adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Anxiety may aggravate academic procrastination by generating maladaptive mechanisms.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh regulasi emosi terhadap prokrastinasi akademik siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional dengan 139 sampel yang diperoleh menggunakan cluster random sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisi regresi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan PASS (Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students) dan ERQ (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) dengan reliabilitas 0,725 dan 0,694. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh antara regulasi emosi dengan prokrastinasi akademik (R=0,18 F(4,580)=1,137, p<0,05) sebesar 3,2%. Secara khusus regulasi emosi dengan tipe reappraisal berkorelasi dengan prokrastinasi akademik siswa dengan koefisien (β= -0,180, p<0,05). Sementara regulasi emosi dengan tipe suppression tidak berkorelasi dengan prokarstinasi akademik siswa dengan koefisien (β= -0,067, p>0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa tingkat regulasi emosi secara keseluruhan dan prokrastinasi akademik berada pada kategori tinggi dan “ada hubungan antara regulasi emosi dan prokrastinasi akademik pada siswa”. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penurunan prokrastinasi akademik siswa dapat dilakukan dengan melatih keterampilan dalam mengendalikan emosi, dan memberikan layanan informasi kepada siswa tentang dampak prokrastinasi akademik. This study aims to determine the effect of emotional regulation on student academic procrastination. This study is a correlational study with 139 samples obtained using cluster random sampling. Data analysis techniques use regression analysis. Data collection using PASS (Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students) and ERQ (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) with reliability 0,725 and 0,694. The results showed that there was an influence between emotional regulation and academic procrastination (R = 0.18 F (4.580) = 1.137, p <0.05) of 3.2%. In particular, emotional regulation with reappraisal type correlated with student academic procrastination with coefficient (β = -0,180, p <0.05). While emotional regulation with suppression type is not correlated with student academic procarstination with coefficient (β = -0.067, p> 0,05). The conclusion of this study is that the level of overall emotional regulation and academic procrastination are in the high category and "there is a relationship between emotional regulation and academic procrastination in students". The suggestion of this research is that the decrease in student academic procrastination can be done by exercising skills in controlling emotions, and providing information services to students about the impact of academic procrastination.

Procrastination in completing academic tasks is common to most students, including in the work of the thesis. One of the factors that cause students to delay completing the thesis is the ability to manage their emotions (emotion regulation). Karem training based on the theory of emotional regulation is expected to decrease the tendency of academic procrastination behavior in the students. This study aims to examine the effect of Karem training on academic procrastination in psychology faculty students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. This study used Nonrandomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest experiment Design. The participants were final year students with a period of more than 10 semesters or 5 years and has taken a thesis course more than 2 semesters or 1 year. The results of this study indicate that Karem training has a significant effect on the decrease of procrastination in the final grade students who are completing the thesis.

У статті обґрунтовано актуальність вивчення чинників акультурації та мовної адаптації у контексті дослідження специфіки прояву прокрастинації іноземними студентами. Висвітлено особливості операціоналізації вказаних понять у сучасній науковій літературі. Вибірку дослідження склали іноземні студенти (n=41), які навчаються за освітнім рівнем «бакалавр» у двох вищих навчальних закладах України. Результати кореляційного аналізу свідчать про позитивний взаємозв’язок прокрастинації із загальним рівнем прояву стресу акультурації (r = 0.43, p<0,01), а також такими його аспектами як акультураційний страх (r = 0.46, p<0,01), сприйнята дискримінація (r = 0.37, p<0,05), почуття провини (r = 0.31, p<0,05). Вагоме значення аспектів мовної інтеграції у контексті вивчення тематики прокрастинації підтверджено зафіксованими прямими значущими кореляційними зв’язками із загальною шкалою мовної тривожності (r = 0.59, p<0,001), страхом негативної оцінки (r = 0.62, p<0,001), страхом спілкування (r = 0.62, p<0,001) та складання іспитів (r = 0.47, p<0,01). Література References Грабчак О. Особливості академічної прокрастинації студентів-першокурсників// Педагогіка і психологія професійної освіти. 2016. № 4. С. 210-218 Колтунович Т.А., Поліщук О. М. Прокрастинація – конфлікт між «важливим» і «приємним»// Young Scientist. 2017. Вип. 5, № 45. С. 211-218. Ряднова В. В., Безега Н. М., Безкоровайна І. М., Воскресенська Л. К., Пера-Васильченко А. В. Психологічні особливості процесу адаптації й організації навчання студентів-іноземців// Актуальні питання медичної (фармацевтичної) освіти іноземних громадян: проблеми та перспективи. Збірник наукових статей. 2018. С. 74-76. Balkis, M., Duru, E. (2019). Procrastination and Rational/Irrational Beliefs: A Moderated Mediation Model. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. doi:10.1007/s10942-019-00314-6 Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697-712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013 Chowdhury, S.F., Pychyl, T.A. (2018). A critique of the construct validity of active procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 7-12. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.016. DuBow, F. McCabe, E., Kaplan, G. (1979). Reactions to Crime: A Critical Review of the Literature, Unpublished report. Center for Urban Affairs, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. Ferrari J.R., Crum K.P., Pardo M.A. (2018), Decisional procrastination: Assessing characte­rological and contextual variables around indecision. Current Psychology, 37(2), doi: 10.1007/s12144-017-9681-x. Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J. L., McCown, W. G. (1995). The Plenum series in social/clinical psychology. Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. N.Y.: Plenum Press. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0227-6 Ferrari, J. R., O'Callaghan, J., Newbegin, I. (2005). Prevalence of Procrastination in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia: arousal and avoidance delays among adults. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(1), 1-6. Gamst-Klaussen, T., Steel, P., Svartdal, F. (2019). Procrastination and personal finances: Exploring the roles of planning and financial self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00775 Goldin, C., Katz, L. F., Kuziemko, I. (2006), The homecoming of American college women: The reversal of the college gender gap. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(4), 133-157. Haghbin, M. (2015). Conceptualization and operationalization of delay: Development and validation of the multifaceted measure of academic procrastination and the delay questionnaire. (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis). Carleton University, Ottowa, Canada. Hashemi, M., Abbasi, M. (2013). The role of the teacher in alleviating anxiety in language classes. International Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(3), 640-646. Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M.B., Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. Klingsieck, K. B. (2013). Procrastination: When good things don’t come to those who wait. European Psychologist, 18(1), 24-34. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000138 Kornienko, A. A., Shamrova, D. P., Kvesko, S. B., Kornienko, A. A., Nikitina, Y. A., Chaplinskaya, Y. I. (2016). Adaptation Problems Experienced by International Students in Aspect of Quality Management. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioral Sciences, 48, 358-361 doi: 10.15405/epsbs.2017.01.48 Kráľová, Z., Sorádová D. (2015). Foreign Language Learning Anxiety. In: Teaching Foreign Languages in Inclusive Education: (A teacher-trainee´s handbook), Nitra: Constantine the Philosopher University. doi: 10.17846/SEN.2015.91-100 Lee, S. (2008). Relationship between selected predictors and adjustment/acculturation stress among East Asian international students. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Kentucky, Lexington. Lindblom-Ylänne, S., Saariaho, E., Inkinen, M., Haarala-Muhonen. A., Hailikari., T (2015). Academic procrastinators, strategic delayers and something betwixt and between: An interview study. Frontline Learning Research, 3(2), 47-62. Markiewicz, K. (2018). Prokrastynacja i prokrastynatorzy. Definicja, etiologia, epidemiologia i terapia. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, 31(3), 195-213. Markiewicz, K., Dziewulska, P. (2018). Procrastination Predictors and moderating effect of personality traits. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 23(3), 593-609 doi: 10.14656/ PFP20180308 Pychyl, T.A., Sirois, F. M. (2016). Procrastination, emotion regulation, and well-being. In: Procrastination, Health, and Well-Being, (pp. 163-188). Academic Press, Rorer, L. G. (1983). “Deep” RET: A reformulation of some psychodynamic explanations of procrastination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 7, l-10. Russell, J., Rosenthal, D., Thomson, G. (2010). The international student experience: Three styles of adaptation. Higher Education, 60, 235-249 Sandhu, D. S., Asrabadi, B. R. (1994). Development of an acculturative stress scale for international students: Preliminary findings. Psychological Reports, 75(1,2), 435-448. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.435 Schouwenburg, H. C., Lay, C. H., Pychyl, T. A., Ferrari, J. R. (Eds.). (2004). Counseling the Procrastinator in Academic Settings. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10808-000 Sirois, F.M., Pychyl, T.A. (2013). Procrastination and the Priority of Short-Term Mood Regulation: Consequences for Future Self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(2), 115-127. Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential selfregulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 65–94. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65 Steel, P., Ferrari, J. (2013). Sex, education and procrastination: An epidemiological study of procrastinators’ characteristics from a global sample. European Journal of Personality, 27(1), 51-58. doi: 10.1002/per.1851. Tibbett, T. P., Ferrari, J. R. (2015). The portrait of the procrastinator: Risk factors and results of an indecisive personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 82, 175–184 Van Eerde, W., Klingsieck, K. B. (2018). Overcoming procrastination? A meta-analysis of intervention studies. Educational Research Review, 25, 73-85. Zhanibek, A. (2001). The relationship between language anxiety and students’ participation in foreign language classes. (Master thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara. References (translated and transliterated) Hrabchak, O. (2016). Osoblyvosti akademichnoji prokrastynaciji studentiv-pershokursnykiv [Academic procrastination features in first-year students]. Pedaghohika i Psykholohiya Profesiynoyi Osvity, 4, 210-218 Koltunovych, T.A., Polishhuk, O.M (2017). Prokrastynacija – konflikt mizh “vazhlyvym” i “pryjemnym” [Procrustination - the conflict between “important” and “pleasant”]. Young Scientist, 5 (45), 211-218. Riadnova, V.V., Bezeha, N.M., Bezkorovaina, I.M., Voskresens’ka, L.K., Pera-Vasylchenko, A.V. (2018). Psykhologhichni osoblyvosti procesu adaptaciyi i orghanizaciyi navchannia studentiv-inozemtsiv [Psychological features of the process of adaptation and organization of international students’ training]. Issues of Medical (Pharmaceutical) Education of International Citizens: Problems and Prospects. Book of abstracts (74-76). Poltava, Ukraine. Balkis, M., Duru, E. (2019). Procrastination and Rational/Irrational Beliefs: A Moderated Mediation Model. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. doi:10.1007/s10942-019-00314-6 Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(6), 697-712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013 Chowdhury, S.F., Pychyl, T.A. (2018). A critique of the construct validity of active procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 7-12. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.016. DuBow, F. McCabe, E., Kaplan, G. (1979). Reactions to Crime: A Critical Review of the Literature, Unpublished report. Center for Urban Affairs, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. Ferrari J.R., Crum K.P., Pardo M.A. (2018), Decisional procrastination: Assessing characte­rological and contextual variables around indecision. Current Psychology, 37(2), doi: 10.1007/s12144-017-9681-x. Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J. L., McCown, W. G. (1995). The Plenum series in social/clinical psychology. Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. N.Y.: Plenum Press. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0227-6 Ferrari, J. R., O'Callaghan, J., Newbegin, I. (2005). Prevalence of Procrastination in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia: arousal and avoidance delays among adults. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(1), 1-6. Gamst-Klaussen, T., Steel, P., Svartdal, F. (2019). Procrastination and personal finances: Exploring the roles of planning and financial self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00775 Goldin, C., Katz, L. F., Kuziemko, I. (2006), The homecoming of American college women: The reversal of the college gender gap. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(4), 133-157. Haghbin, M. (2015). Conceptualization and operationalization of delay: Development and validation of the multifaceted measure of academic procrastination and the delay questionnaire. (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis). Carleton University, Ottowa, Canada. Hashemi, M., Abbasi, M. (2013). The role of the teacher in alleviating anxiety in language classes. International Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(3), 640-646. Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M.B., Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. Klingsieck, K. B. (2013). Procrastination: When good things don’t come to those who wait. European Psychologist, 18(1), 24-34. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000138 Kornienko, A. A., Shamrova, D. P., Kvesko, S. B., Kornienko, A. A., Nikitina, Y. A., Chaplinskaya, Y. I. (2016). Adaptation Problems Experienced by International Students in Aspect of Quality Management. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioral Sciences, 48, 358-361 doi: 10.15405/epsbs.2017.01.48 Kráľová, Z., Sorádová D. (2015). Foreign Language Learning Anxiety. In: Teaching Foreign Languages in Inclusive Education: (A teacher-trainee´s handbook), Nitra: Constantine the Philosopher University. doi: 10.17846/SEN.2015.91-100 Lee, S. (2008). Relationship between selected predictors and adjustment/acculturation stress among East Asian international students. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Kentucky, Lexington. Lindblom-Ylänne, S., Saariaho, E., Inkinen, M., Haarala-Muhonen. A., Hailikari., T (2015). Academic procrastinators, strategic delayers and something betwixt and between: An interview study. Frontline Learning Research, 3(2), 47-62. Markiewicz, K. (2018). Prokrastynacja i prokrastynatorzy. Definicja, etiologia, epidemiologia i terapia. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, 31(3), 195-213. Markiewicz, K., Dziewulska, P. (2018). Procrastination Predictors and moderating effect of personality traits. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 23(3), 593-609 doi: 10.14656/ PFP20180308 Pychyl, T.A., Sirois, F. M. (2016). Procrastination, emotion regulation, and well-being. In: Procrastination, Health, and Well-Being, (pp. 163-188). Academic Press, Rorer, L. G. (1983). “Deep” RET: A reformulation of some psychodynamic explanations of procrastination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 7, l-10. Russell, J., Rosenthal, D., Thomson, G. (2010). The international student experience: Three styles of adaptation. Higher Education, 60, 235-249 Sandhu, D. S., Asrabadi, B. R. (1994). Development of an acculturative stress scale for international students: Preliminary findings. Psychological Reports, 75(1,2), 435-448. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.435 Schouwenburg, H. C., Lay, C. H., Pychyl, T. A., Ferrari, J. R. (Eds.). (2004). Counseling the Procrastinator in Academic Settings. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10808-000 Sirois, F.M., Pychyl, T.A. (2013). Procrastination and the Priority of Short-Term Mood Regulation: Consequences for Future Self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(2), 115-127. Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential selfregulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 65–94. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65 Steel, P., Ferrari, J. (2013). Sex, education and procrastination: An epidemiological study of procrastinators’ characteristics from a global sample. European Journal of Personality, 27(1), 51-58. doi: 10.1002/per.1851. Tibbett, T. P., Ferrari, J. R. (2015). The portrait of the procrastinator: Risk factors and results of an indecisive personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 82, 175–184 Van Eerde, W., Klingsieck, K. B. (2018). Overcoming procrastination? A meta-analysis of intervention studies. Educational Research Review, 25, 73-85. Zhanibek, A. (2001). The relationship between language anxiety and students’ participation in foreign language classes. (Master thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara.

Abstract. The article carries out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of procrastination. In psychology, procrastination is understood as a constant postponement and non-fulfillment of planned tasks. It is different from a simple correction of plans or laziness. A person is well aware that non-fulfillment of certain cases can have negative consequences (non-fulfillment at all, late execution, excessive extra effort for deadlines, condemnation of relatives, lack of sleep), however. Again and again a person postpones it. That is why procrastination is often accompanied by various negative emotional states: guilt, anxiety, discomfort, a sense of inability to control the situation. Procrastination is usually manifested in activities, the result of which is very important for the individual. Students have all kinds of procrastination, but academic procrastination is the most common. Most often studentsʼs procrastination occurs in situations that involve intellectual stress, require self-organization and activity planning, with deferred remuneration, not sufficiently motivated. The classic of academic procrastination is to prepare for the exam on the last day, to write a term paper the day before the defense, or even to write it at night. Chronic procrastination is characteristic of students who have chosen the wrong specialty and the wrong educational institution, so they study without interest and try to complete educational tasks on the last day. In addition, such students show an inability to organize their activities, forgetfulness, general behavioral rigidity. There are the factors that cause procrastination in the studentʼs environment. They are psychological, socio-psychological, pedagogical and psychophysiological factors. An empirical study has shown that procrastination is common to all students, but manifests in varies degrees. There are some causes of procrastination that the students indicated. They are inability to plan, lack of time, lack of motivation, fatigue, health, too many tasks, uninteresting tasks, lack of willpower, the presence of other important tasks. It should be said that both groups with a low level of procrastination and with a high level of procrastination there are students who have a positive attitude to procrastination. They see the benefit of procrastination, explaining that they have time to have a rest, time to find more effective way to achieve a desired result, thus considering procrastination a natural state of reduced activity. In the group of students with a low level of procrastination the success rate is higher than in the groups of students with medium and high levels of procrastination. In the group of students with a low level of procrastination there is a high overall ability to self-regulate. High self-regulation of laziness is a characteristic of students with low levels of procrastination.

This research has been designed and conducted to study relationship between internal and external control resource and academic procrastination of students. 200 students who have passed at least one year since they started their academic course, completed academic procrastination questionnaire and Rutter,s internal and external control resource. Findings showed that there is no significant relationship between type of control resource, procrastination in preparing for exam, doing homework, providing papers at the end of semester, students, feeling and emotions about procrastination, students, tendency for changing procrastination habit and total score of procrastination. But, there is significant relationship feeling and emotion about procrastination and lack of tendency to change habits for prediction of procrastination in preparing for exams, prediction of delays in doing homework and providing papers.

Academic procrastination is one of the problems student usually faced, caused by fatigue or boredom.While in the other side, students needs the ability to regulate themselves for striving their goals. This study aimsto determine the influence of self-regulation towards academic procrastination using quantitative method withpsychological scale in questionnaire form. This research instrument was developed based on the theory of academicprocrastination by Ferrari and self-regulation theory by Barkley. This research was conducted in June 2016. Thesamples of this study were the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 10 Jakarta (State Senior High School of Jakarta).The sampling technic used was cluster random sampling. The analytical statistic used to test the hypothesiswas regression analysis using SPSS program verse 19 and Rasch Model. The Result of this study indicates thatthere is negative effect of self-regulation towards academic procrastination. It shows that the higher self-regulationperformed, then the lower academic procrastination will become. The influence which resulted by self-regulationtowards academic procrastination is 29,3% and the rest 70,7%, is caused by another factor. Keywords : education, procrastination, academic procrastination, self-regulation, high school student.

Abstract Introduction Bedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of going to bed later than intended, despite the absence of external factors. Bedtime procrastination is also prevalent among insomnia patients, and is associated with various sleep problems. Recent studies suggest emotional regulation as a mechanism of the procrastination behavior that is the conceptual foundation of bedtime procrastination. Emotional regulation difficulties are also associated with insomnia, but there is still a lack of research on the relationship between insomnia, emotional regulation strategies and bedtime procrastination. Thus, the study assumed that severity of insomnia would affect bedtime procrastination, and examined the moderating effect of the emotional regulation strategies in this relationship. Methods This study was conducted in 376 adults (mean age 23.73 ±2.14 years, 84.6% females). Participants were asked to answer Bedtime procrastination scale (BPS), an emotional regulation strategy checklist, and the Insomnia severity scale (ISI). Results As a result, a significant positive correlation was found between insomnia severity and bedtime procrastination (r=.286, p&lt;.01), and avoidant/distractive regulation style (r=.101, p&lt;.05). active regulation style (r=-.172, p&lt;.01) and support seeking regulation style (r=-.102, p&lt;.01) showed a significant negative correlation with the severity of insomnia. Bedtime procrastination behavior showed significant negative correlation only with active regulation style (r=-.151, p&lt;.01). Support seeking regulation style moderated the relationship between insomnia and bedtime procrastination behavior (B=.0165, 95%, CI=.0014, .0316). The interaction effect between insomnia and support seeking regulation style was also significant (∆R^2=.0112, p&lt;.05), indicating that the effect of insomnia on bedtime procrastination depends on the level of use of the support seeking regulation style. Conclusion These findings suggest that the level of support seeking regulation style is meaningful in terms of how insomnia affects bedtime procrastination. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2018S1A5A8026807)

In this study I examined whether or not the relationship between active procrastination and academic motivation is distinct from the relationship between passive procrastination and academic motivation in order to distinguish between 2 types of procrastination within a self-determination theoretical framework. Data were collected from 278 Korean undergraduates. The findings indicated that high identification and low external regulation increased active procrastination and high external regulation and low intrinsic motivation increased passive procrastination. The findings also showed that active procrastination was inversely proportional to passive procrastination. These findings support the idea that, compared to passive procrastination, active procrastination might be related to relatively autonomous forms of motivation, and might be a form of delay distinct from passive procrastination.

Background: Procrastination is a common phenomenon that is mainly observed in school settings. Recognized as a self-regulatory failure, procrastination is believed to adversely affect students’ academic achievements. Aim: To develop a self-regulation package in order to predict academic procrastination, and to evaluate its effectiveness. The package was developed from 3 sources: Self-regulation components predicting academic procrastination developed in a previous study, opinions of psychologists and teachers contacted during the study, and the literature. The package helped students in the following ways: to recognize the reasons for their academic procrastination; to improve their motivation to decrease academic procrastination; to learn how to set goals and how. to organize their lessons; to use metacognitive strategies to manage time/ study environment and to regulate their efforts. Methods: Sixty-six students were randomly assigned to experimental (n=33) and control (n=33) groups. The students in the experimental group were taught the self-regulation package over ten sessions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the package, all students were asked to complete the Motivated Strategies For Learning questionnaire (MSLQ) and the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Student (PASS) before, immediately after and 21 days after instructions with the self-regulation package. Results: The mixed ANOVA showed statistically significant (p <0.001) effectiveness of self-regulation package for all subscales of academic procrastination in the experimental group. Discussion: The findings are discussed with regard to prior research on self-regulated learning and procrastination. Implications for school psychologists and teachers also are presented and discussed.

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and self-regulation with procrastination in student. This research uses correlational quantitative desigan. The sample used amounted 77 of the population 729 student with purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique with multiple regression . The results showed that a positive relationship between the self- concept and self-regulation was positively linked to the procratation of students. This is indicated by the coefficient of Freg = 58,654 where p 0.05. This indicates that self-concept and self-regulation are significantly linked to academic procrastination, the higher the value of self-concept and self-regulation, the lower the academic procrastination. Conversely, the lower the value of self-concept and self-regulation, the higher the academic procrastination.

Abstract. We examined students’ procrastinatory behavior in a specific higher-education learning situation in relation to conscientiousness and neuroticism as well as motivational regulation. We hypothesized that conscientiousness would be associated with low levels and favorable trajectories of academic procrastinatory behavior, and neuroticism would be associated with high levels and unfavorable trajectories of procrastinatory behavior. Furthermore, we examined whether motivational regulation mediates these effects. To answer our research questions, we used data from a diary study that spanned a period of 28 days with a total of 3,121 single measurements of 128 university students (mean age = 21.7 years; SD = 2.2; 53 % female). The results of conditional growth curve models indicated that levels of procrastinatory behavior were negatively linked to conscientiousness and positively linked to neuroticism. Motivational regulation mediated the relation between conscientiousness and procrastinatory behavior. No effects on the trajectories of procrastinatory behavior were found. Our findings provide insights into procrastinatory behavior in a specific learning situation and emphasize the functional effects of motivational regulation on academic procrastination.

This study compared students' academic procrastination tendency with the (1) frequency and nature of rationalizations used to justify procrastination, (2) self-regulation, and (3) performance in a web-based study strategies course with frequent performance deadlines. 106 college students completed the 16-item Tuckman Procrastination Scale, a measure of tendency to procrastinate, the Frequency of Use Self-survey of Rationalizations for Procrastination, and a 9-item self-regulation scale. Students' subsequent course performance was measured by total points earned. A linear regression with Academic Procrastination as the criterion variable and Rationalization score and Course Points as the predictor variables suggested academic procrastinators support procrastinating by rationalizing, not self-regulating, and thus put themselves at a disadvantage, with respect to evaluation in highly structured courses with frequent enforced deadlines.

Objective: Successful and healthy aging is the most critical outcome and policy of decisions in the elderly population. Paying attention to the elderly as well as their life satisfaction and wellbeing can be beneficial for this stratum. Among the influencing characteristics of successful aging and life satisfaction in the elderly is their ability to having active social relationships and feeling useful. Accordingly, the ability to regulate emotions can affect wellbeing and life satisfaction and reduce procrastination in the elderly. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between procrastination, Psychological Wellbeing (PWB), and Life Satisfaction (LS) mediated by Emotion Regulation (ER) in the elderly. Methods: The study participants included 260 elderly in Tehran City, Iran, who were selected by convenience sampling method. The research tools included the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing (PWB) Scale, the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Results: The obtained results signified the mediating role of ER in the direct and indirect relationship between procrastination and LS, and enhanced PWB in the explored elderly. Structural equation modeling analyses data demonstrated the fit of the proposed model. Conclusion: Solutions can be provided to reduce procrastination and increase offer skills in the elderly; accordingly, their LS and PWB could be improved by practical training and holding workshops in this respect.

Αcademic procrastination, characterized by self-regulation difficulties in delaying the start or completion of academic tasks (Ferrari, 2010), is widespread among university students. One of the most widely used measures of academic procrastination is Procrastination Assessment Scale Students (PASS, Solomon &Rotblum, 1984). However, there is adearth of research investigating its factorial structure using confirmatory factor analysis. Greek studies on academic procrastination are also scarce. The present study investigated academic procrastination among Greek university students (n = 865),as well as the factorial structure of PΑSS. Results from a CFA supported a one factor solution. Moreover, 40.5% of students were characterized as frequent procrastinators, towards reading for the exams, writing essays or attending classes. The reasons students gave for procrastinating were “fear of failure”, “task aversion”, “fear of success /peer pressure” and “lack of assertiveness/ time management skills”. No major, age, or gender differences in academic procrastination were detected. Finally, most students wished to participate in a future anti-procrastination program. Findings increase the ecological validity of current literature and could be potentially useful for counselors and researchers

Academic procrastination is a behavior that should be avoided by students because it would give a bad influence, especially the academic achievement. One of the factors that lead to academic procrastination is lack of self-regulation in learning. Therefore, it is necessary for students to have self-regulated learning. This research aimed to test the self-regulated learning strategy to reduce the level of academic procrastination XI grade student of SMAN 1 Ngamprah of the academic year 2015/2016 West Bandung Regency. The method used is a quasi-experimental nonequivalent (pretest and posttest) control group design. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling technique. Instrument used is The Academic Procrastination State Inventory (APSI) developed by Henri C. Schouwenburg. The sample are 68 students whereas devided into experiment and control group. Data analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Result shows that self-regulated learning are effective for lowering the level of academic procrastination.

AbstractAcademic procrastination in college students is a common phenomenon, although procrastination’s negative impacts were well known. This study aimed to examine the role of self-regulation in mediating the correlation between mindfulness and academic procrastination. Data were collected by distributing online questionnaires to college students from various universities in Indonesia (n = 305). The sampling technique used was convenience sampling. Instruments used in the research were the Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale, the Short form of Self-regulation Questionnaire, and the Academic Procrastination Scale. The regression and mediation analyses were held. Results showed that self-regulation partially mediated the correlation between mindfulness and academic procrastination. Increasing in dispositional mindfulness helps college students regulate themselves, thereby reducing the tendency to procrastinate. The implications and limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are discussed.Keywords: academic procrastination; college students; mindfulness; self-regulation.AbstrakProkrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa merupakan fenomena yang umum terjadi, meskipun dampak negatif prokrastinasi telah banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji peran regulasi diri dalam memediasi hubungan antara mindfulness dan prokrastinasi akademik. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara daring kepada mahasiswa di berbagai perguruan tinggi di Indonesia (n=305). Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah convenience sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale, Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire, dan Academic Procrastination Scale. Hasil uji regresi dan uji mediasi menunjukkan regulasi diri memediasi korelasi antara mindfulness dan prokrastinasi akademik secara parsial. Peningkatan kondisi kesadaran pada mindfulness membantu mahasiswa meregulasi dirinya, sehingga mengurangi kecenderungan untuk melakukan prokrastinasi akademik. Implikasi dan keterbatasan penelitian serta saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya didiskusikan.Kata kunci: mahasiswa; mindfulness; prokrastinasi akademik; regulasi diri.

This study primarily aimed to identify the mechanism through which behavioral and emotional factors relate to Japanese dental students’ academic performance, and secondarily to explain which emotional and behavioral factors and academic performance are related to dental students’ depression. A questionnaire survey was administered to 92 first-year undergraduate dental students during the 2018 academic year at a Japanese university. Regarding the mechanism of students’ academic performance, results of path analysis revealed that procrastination behavior positively affected emotional irritation and emotional irritation negatively affected academic performance. Correlation analysis revealed that depression tendency was positively related to emotional irritation and procrastination behavior. This study shows that undergraduate dental students’ stable emotion (lack of irritation) is likely associated with their academic success and their psychological health. Hence, to aid in the reduction of dental students’ depression and to improve their academic performance, we propose that educators should display acceptance of students’ emotions as an alternative to suggesting solutions from their own viewpoint.

Adolescence is a transition period between children and adult. There are many changes in physical, sexual, cognitive, and emotion. Aside from coping with those changes, they have to handle their academic performance very well. In order to tackle with those challenges, they need a lot of support from parents, teachers, and peers to prevent maladaptive adolescent behavior and psychopathology. Brain involvement in emotion and learning are amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, limbic system, and insula. Emotion regulation is very important in enhancing adolescent academic performance. Emotional competence is the key for success in life.

IntroductionThis paper examines the similarities and differences between academic stress and emotion regulation and investigates that the association between emotion regulation and academic stress may be explained the level of academic success among female students.ObjectivesThis research suggests that students vary in their ability to regulate emotions and cope with academic stress, and these abilities may differ across the level of student's academic success. Identifying the academic stress and quality of emotion regulation strategies will lead to practical implications for promoting student's with low or high academic success.AimsThe present study aims to compare academic stress and emotion regulation in the female students with high and low academic performance.MethodsA total of 162 high school students (mean age = 15.26) were selected by cluster random sampling method. They were categorized as students with high (87 students) and low (75 students) academic performance by average of their academic performance. Emotion regulation questionnaire, educational stress scale for adolescents and academic performance were administered. One-way MANOVA was conducted on academic stress and emotion regulation.ResultsThe results of analysis were significant only for emotion regulation, F (5, 156) = 5.34, P = .001. Mean score of students with low academic performance in the emotion regulation was significantly lower than students with high academic performance.ConclusionsThe extent to which variation in emotion regulation and coping with stress can be considered as a key factor of academic failure/success in educational settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

This investigation aimed to analyze the predictive differential value of personal (self-regulation, self-efficacy, procrastination) and contextual characteristics (parents’ socio-educational level), regarding academic achievement, among Colombian adolescents. A total of 430 students (from 11 to 18 years old) from both genders filled out validated self-reports and informed their academic achievement. We performed an ex-post-facto design, simple regression analyses, structural equations predictions analyses (SEM), and variance analyses (ANOVAs). The results showed that self-regulation is the most potent personal variable predictive of procrastination and achievement, positively associated with self-efficacy; additionally, the parents’ educational level was also a predictor, although to a lesser level. The female group and the elderly group negatively predicted academic achievement, behaving as modulatory variables of the above results.

Among the main causes of low learning achievement in mathematics learning is a delayed behavior to do tasks, commonly called academic procrastination. The objectives of this research are to describe and to explain the causal factors and consequences of academic procrastination in learning mathematics for junior high school students. This research was conducted for more than five months. The research took place at six junior high schools in Madiun Regency. The research approach was a qualitative descriptive. The types of data sources were six mathematics teachers and six students, in-class mathematics learning activities, and documents. The data collection techniques were (1) questionnaire, (2) documentation, (3) passive role observation, and (3) in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using an interactive model, which was implemented in two stages. They are at the time or during the course of data collection and after the data collection. The results of data analysis show that academic procrastination is caused by several factors. They are assumption that the tasks assigned are not important, too burdensome, and difficult to work, insufficient knowledge, too perfectionist, bad management of learning, lack of self-regulation, stress and fatigue, lack of social support, indiscipline teachers, and inconducive school culture. Academic procrastination, most importantly, leads to low learning achievement.

This paper examines emotion regulation defined as one of the components of emotional intelligence ability and tests how emotion regulation predicts academic achievement, relationship quality, and affective well-being outcomes in adolescents. Specifically, we examine two ways of measuring emotion regulation ability—using performance test scores and through knowledgeable informant observations (teachers). While previous research supports the predictive validity of performance on ability tests of emotion regulation observer reports of emotion regulation have not received much empirical attention. In a sample of high school students, we test whether performance-tested and observer-assessed emotion regulation ability predict a range of outcomes beyond the Big Five personality traits and gender and whether the two measures of emotion regulation ability predict outcomes independently. Our hypotheses are supported for outcomes of relationship quality and academic achievement, but not for affective well-being outcomes. We discuss the implications for assessment of emotion regulation ability and the nature of outcomes predicted by emotion regulation ability.

Compared with other ethnic groups, African American adolescents are exposed to higher levels of family and community violence, which contribute to poorer academic achievement. This study examines whether emotion regulation moderates the effects of exposure to family and community violence on academic achievement among low-income African American adolescents. Eighty African American adolescents ([Formula: see text] age 12.89 years, 50% male) reported on their exposure to violence. Emotion regulation was obtained from parent reports and academic achievement was assessed with grades in core academic subjects at baseline and 2 years later. Results revealed that witnessing home violence predicted poorer achievement over time, as did exposure to community violence for youth with poor emotion regulation. Thus, well-developed emotion regulation skills may protect African American adolescents from the negative effects of witnessing community violence on academic achievement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of cognitive emotionregulation strategies on academic achievement of university students in Jordan. A random sample of 386 students from the Hashemite University participated in the current study. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation questionnaire was used to measure the cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The findings of this study showed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies had significant joint effect and relative effect on academic achievement. It is hoped that this study will be beneficial to students and teachers in developing cognitive emotion regulation strategies for effective learning.

Generally considered as a prevalent occurrence in academic settings, procrastination was analyzed in association with constructs such as self-efficacy, self-esteem, anxiety, stress, and fear of failure. This study investigated the role played by self-regulated learning strategies in predicting procrastination among university students. To this purpose, the relationships of procrastination with cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies and time management were explored in the entire sample, as well as in male and female groups. Gender differences were taken into account due to the mixed results that emerged in previous studies. This cross-sectional study involved 450 university students (M = 230; F = 220; Mage = 21.08, DS = 3.25) who completed a self-reported questionnaire including a sociodemographic section, the Tuckman Procrastination Scale, the Time Management Scale, and the Metacognitive Self-Regulation and Critical Thinking Scales. Descriptive and inferential analyses were applied to the data. The main findings indicated that temporal and metacognitive components play an important role in students’ academic achievement and that, compared to females, males procrastinate more due to poor time management skills and metacognitive strategies. Practical implications were suggested to help students to overcome their dilatory behavior.

The aim was to investigate the relationship between and among cognitive emotion regulation, test anxiety and academic adjustment and the possibility of cognitive emotion regulation (CER) to mediate the relationship between academic adjustment (TA) and academic adjustment (AA). We hypothesized that the association between test anxiety and AA is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation. Convenient sampling method was employed to recruit the participants. The sample of the study consisted of 180 students (100% males) representing students from college of education, Jazan University, KSA, aged 19-21 years, with an average of 20.2 years, with a standard deviation of 5.45. For the purpose of this study, quantitative survey research was employed, with cognitive emotion regulation as independent variable, and TA and TA as dependent variables. Findings revealed that adaptive cognitive emotion regulation correlates negatively with TA, and also negatively with AA. On the other hand, Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation was found to be positively correlated with AA. While AA found to be negatively correlated with TA. The coefficients related to the Adaptive CER regression paths to TA and AA, Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation regression paths to TA and AA are significant at 0.01 level regardless of their direction.