Zeitschriftenartikel: „Absolute Accumulation“

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Rahim, Andi Rahmad, Dwi Retnaningtyas Utami und Ubaidillah. „Density of Green Mussels (Perna viridis) and Its Impact on Growth and Lead Accumulation in Polyculture Systems in Tropical Waters“. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 27, Nr. 1 (11.01.2025): 79–89. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2025/v27i1865.

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Aims: Green mussels (Perna viridis) are filter-feeding organisms known for accumulating heavy metals, including lead (Pb), in their tissues, making them valuable bioindicators of water quality. Study Design: This study aimed to assess the impact of different stocking densities on the growth and lead accumulation in Perna viridis. Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted at a traditional pond in Ujungpangkah Subdistrict, Gresik, East Java, over a period of 21 days, from June 27 to July 18, 2024. Methodology: A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with three treatment groups: Treatment A (10 mussels/m²), Treatment B (20 mussels/m²), and Treatment C (30 mussels/m²). The parameters measured included the absolute flesh width, daily growth rate, and lead content in the mussels. Result: Statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in the daily growth rate among the treatments (p > 0.05), suggesting that stocking density did not significantly influence growth. However, significant differences in the absolute flesh width were observed, with Treatment C showing the largest absolute flesh width at higher density. Additionally, lead accumulation increased with stocking density, with mussels in Treatment C accumulating the highest levels of lead (1.14 mg/L). This suggests that, while the growth rate was unaffected by density, the absolute flesh width are influenced by stocking density. The bioaccumulation of lead in mussels was also interpreted descriptively, considering the mussels' need for a suitable environment to mitigate environmental stressors. The findings underline the importance of considering both the growth and environmental health of the mussels, especially in relation to density management to prevent heavy metal accumulation.

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Yang, Dongfang, Qiang Wang, Wei Zhou, Chunhua Su und Sixi Zhu. „Quantitative analyzing for As’s transferring process in coastal waters in Jiaozhou Bay“. E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 03051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183803051.

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This paper quantified the horizontal and vertical transferring processes of As in coastal waters in the southwest and the bay mouth of Jiaozhou Bay using investigation data in July and October 1982. Results showed that the horizontal absolute loss amounts of As contents in surface waters were 0.20-2.44 μg L-1, and the horizontal relative loss amounts in surface waters were 19.23%-87.14%, respectively. The horizontal absolute loss amounts of As contents in bottom waters were 0.27-2.44 μg L-1, and the horizontal relative loss amounts in bottom waters were 25.00%-54.46%, respectively. The vertical absolute dilution amounts of As contents were 0.02-0.28 μg L-1, and the vertical relative dilution amounts were 1.78-16.66%. The vertical absolute accumulation amounts of Pb contents were 0.10-0.86 μg L-1, and the vertical relative accumulation amounts were 7.35%-35.83%. The vertical absolute dilution amount and vertical relative dilution amount of As’s contents were 0.20-0.76 μg L-1 and 19.23%-27.14%, respectively. The vertical absolute accumulation amount and vertical relative accumulation amount of As’s contents were 0.28-4.12 μg L-1 and 25.00%-91.96%, respectively. The changes of As contents in surface and bottom waters were determined by the source inputs of As and the transferring distance of As from the terrisgenous sources.

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Sekikawa, Munehisa, und Naohiko Inaba. „Chaos after Accumulation of Torus Doublings“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 31, Nr. 01 (Januar 2021): 2150009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127421500097.

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A recent paper investigates the bifurcation diagrams involved with torus doubling and asserts that the chaotic attractors observed after torus doubling have two Lyapunov exponents that are exactly zero. Against this assertion, we claim that the absolute value of one of the calculated zero Lyapunov exponents is not exactly zero but is instead slightly positive, because successive torus doubling is constrained by a very small underlying parameter. We justify our position by calculating Lyapunov spectra precisely using an autonomous piecewise-linear dynamical circuit. Our numerical results show that one of the Lyapunov exponents is close to, but not exactly, zero. In addition, we consider coupled logistic and sine-circle maps whose dynamics express the fundamental mechanism that causes torus doubling, and we confirm that torus doubling occurs fewer times when the coupling parameter of this discrete dynamical system is relatively larger. Consequently, the absolute value of the second Lyapunov exponent of this discrete system does not approach zero after the accumulation of torus doubling when the coupling parameter is set to larger values.

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Hahn, G., A. Just, T. Dudykevych, I. Frerichs, J. Hinz, M. Quintel und G. Hellige. „Imaging pathologic pulmonary air and fluid accumulation by functional and absolute EIT“. Physiological Measurement 27, Nr. 5 (20.04.2006): S187—S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/27/5/s16.

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Beinrohr, E., P. Cs�mi, A. Manov� und J. Dzurov. „Absolute analysis of trace metals through galvanostatic stripping chronopotentiometry with signal accumulation“. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 349, Nr. 8-9 (1994): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00323468.

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Yang, Dongfang, Xiaolong Zhang, Qi Wang, Yuan Zhang und Haixia Li. „Modelling for Arsenic’s transferring process in Jiaozhou Bay“. E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183802011.

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This paper quantified the horizontal and vertical transferring processes of As in Jiaozhou Bay using investigation data in April and August 1988. Results showed that the horizontal absolute loss amounts of As contents in surface waters were 0.10-1.42 μg L-1, and the horizontal relative loss amounts in surface waters were 7.04%-25.00%, respectively. The horizontal absolute loss amounts of As contents in bottom waters were 0.04-1.00 μg L-1, and the horizontal relative loss amounts in bottom waters were 2.85%-41.66%, respectively. The vertical absolute dilution amounts of As contents were 0.02-0.28 μg L-1, and the vertical relative dilution amounts were 1.78%-16.66%. The vertical absolute accumulation amounts of Pb contents were 0.10-0.86 μg L-1, and the vertical relative accumulation amounts were 7.35%-35.83%. During the transferring processes through the bay mouth, no matter from the internal waters to the open water, or from the open waters to the internal waters, As contents in both surface and bottom layers were decreasing in a certain degree. The changes of As contents in surface and bottom waters were determined by the transferring distance of As in surface waters.

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Andrianov, Timofey, Yulia Gritsenko, Nikita Strelkov, Natalia Ryzhanova und Anatoly Vedyaev. „Numerical Simulation of Spin Torque Induced by Spin Hall Effect in CuPt/Fe Heterostructure“. Solid State Phenomena 233-234 (Juli 2015): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.407.

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Spin transport and distribution of spin accumulation in CuPt/Fe heterostructure are numerically investigated, using linearized Levy-Fert model. It was shown that Spin Hall Effect in CuPt layer produces non-equilibrium spin accumulation in adjacent ferromagnetic layer. Spin accumulation vector is not collinear with the direction of magnetization in ferromagnetic layer which leads to the appearance of spin transfer torque. The absolute values and angular dependence of this torque were calculated and it was demonstrated that for the current the values of torques are sufficient for manipulation of magnetization of ferromagnetic layer.

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Jia, Chengxia, Mu Yang, Jiangqi Qu, Pan Liu, Zhiming Xin und Qingjing Zhang. „Heavy metals distribution and accumulation characteristics of 16 species plants on ecological floating-bed“. Advances in Engineering Technology Research 1, Nr. 1 (13.05.2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.1.1.62.

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Distribution and accumulation characteristics of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the aerial and underground parts of 16 species of plants on ecological floating-bed were studied in the present study, and they showed significant differences. Most translocation factors for Cu, Zn, Hg, and Pb were smaller than 1. Coleus blumei had a considerable absorption and accumulation effect on Zn, Hg, and Pb; Hylotelephium erythrostictum had a good absorption and accumulation effect on Zn and Hg. Arundo donax var. versicolor, Lythrum salicaria, and Iris pseudacorus which had remarkable absolute accumulation in the aerial part due to their massive biomass, and were expected to have a promising prospect in applying floating-bed technology.

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Novikov, Leonid. „Control of degassing systems“. E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900062.

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The methods and means of control for gas pipelines, as well as signs of liquid accumulation are present. Dependencies for determining the volume flow of gas mixture and the absolute equivalent roughness for internal surface of degassing pipeline is given. The graph of changes in local pressure losses of the gas mixture in the place of fluid accumulation is given. Analysis of the results of experimental studies of the aerodynamic drag of pipeline section in the place of liquid accumulation is out. Results of measurements for methane concentration in ventilation working out when stopping degassing are present.

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Baier, Daniel, Tobias Weckenmann, Franz Wolf, Andreas Wimmer und Michael F. Zaeh. „Underlying Methodology for a Thermal Process Monitoring System for Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing“. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, Nr. 1 (28.12.2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7010010.

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The Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process has a high potential for industrial applications in aviation. The interlayer temperatures influence the dimensions and geometric deviations of the part. Monitoring the absolute interlayer temperature values is necessary for quantifying these influences. This paper presents an approach for determining the absolute values of the interlayer temperatures during the process using Ti-6Al-4V. The emissivity and transmittance are determined and calibrated, enabling precise thermographic measuring during the WAAM process. The recorded thermographic data are then compared to signals of thermocouples so that the absolute temperature values can be aligned. The methodology is validated by its transfer to measure the interlayer temperature at different regions of interest. The effect of a heat accumulation using Ti-6Al-4V in WAAM was determined. The methodology enables a reproducible and non-tactile measurement of the interlayer temperature during the WAAM process. The results show that with an interlayer temperature of 200 °C, a heat accumulation occurs within a layer. The heat accumulates in the center of the layer because the free ends of the layer cool down faster than the center of the layer.

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Di Bucchianico, Stefano. „The role of commodity speculation and household debt accumulation during financialization: a Classical-Keynesian analysis“. Cambridge Journal of Economics 46, Nr. 2 (01.03.2022): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beac005.

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Abstract In this paper, we present a Classical-Keynesian viewpoint on financialisation grounded on the ‘integrated wage-commodity sector’ model. We focus on two aspects. First, with reference to the case of commodities, we argue that financial speculation in these markets did not affect normal prices but only caused market price short-run deviations. In addition, such speculation is unnecessary and even detrimental to the direct and indirect production of the wage-basket. Thus, financial regulation can restrain it without impairing the capability of the economic system to reproduce itself. Second, we show that the accumulation of household debt can enhance absolute and relative surplus value extraction from workers. This, in turn, positively impacts profitability. But, while absolute surplus value extraction boosts the amount of profit, only relative surplus value extraction increases the normal rate of profit.

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Ambach, Walter. „Effects of climatic perturbations on the equilibrium-line altitude, West Greenland“. Journal of Glaciology 39, Nr. 131 (1993): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000015665.

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AbstractPerturbation analysis is applied to the heat balance at the EGIG line (West Greenland) with respect to climatic changes. The shift of the equilibrium-line altitude is obtained for perturbations of temperature, absolute humidity, cloudiness and annual accumulation. The total net ice ablation at the EGIG line increases by 45% with a perturbation of + 1 K. Applying this figure to the entire ice sheet, the total ablation equals the total accumulation at a warming of + 2 K, if refreezing of melt water is neglected.

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Ambach, Walter. „Effects of climatic perturbations on the equilibrium-line altitude, West Greenland“. Journal of Glaciology 39, Nr. 131 (1993): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000015665.

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AbstractPerturbation analysis is applied to the heat balance at the EGIG line (West Greenland) with respect to climatic changes. The shift of the equilibrium-line altitude is obtained for perturbations of temperature, absolute humidity, cloudiness and annual accumulation. The total net ice ablation at the EGIG line increases by 45% with a perturbation of + 1 K. Applying this figure to the entire ice sheet, the total ablation equals the total accumulation at a warming of + 2 K, if refreezing of melt water is neglected.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. „A Multiregion Model with Capital Accumulation and Endogenous Amenities“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, Nr. 9 (September 2007): 2248–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a38393.

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The author develops a multiregional growth model with endogenous amenity and capital accumulation for any number of regions. The simulation results demonstrate that the national dynamics have a unique equilibrium. Comparative statics analysis shows that, if environmental improvement occurs in the technologically advanced (less advanced) region, the national output rises (falls). As a region improves its technology, the other two regions' aggregated output levels fall—not only in relative, but also in absolute, terms. This implies that if any region has a high rate of technological change and the other regions remain technologically stationary, then economic activities will tend to be concentrated in the technologically advancing region. It is also shown that technological differences appear to play only a small role in accounting for spatial wage disparities and endowments.

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Um, Soyeon, Sangyeob Kim, Sangjin Kim und Hoi-Jun Yoo. „A 43.1TOPS/W Energy-Efficient Absolute-Difference-Accumulation Operation Computing-In-Memory With Computation Reuse“. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 68, Nr. 5 (Mai 2021): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3067327.

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Pensky, O. G., A. G. Kuznetsov und N. V. Oschepkova. „Mathematical Model and Algorithm of Accumulation of Information by the Robot with Non-Absolute Memory“. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 18, Nr. 2 (2018): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr180214.

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FUKAHORI, Tokio, Yukinori KANDA, Takehiko NAKAMURA, Kikuma MORI, Hiroki TOBIMATSU und Yoshifumi MAEDA. „Absolute Calibration by Helium-Ion-Implanted Samples for Helium Accumulation Method Applied to Neutron Dosimetry“. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 23, Nr. 6 (Juni 1986): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1986.9735013.

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Hwang, Dae Il, Kyung-Jong Won, Do-Yoon Kim, Bokyung Kim und Hwan Myung Lee. „Cinnamyl Alcohol, the Bioactive Component of Chestnut Flower Absolute, Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells by Downregulating Adipogenic Transcription Factors“. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 45, Nr. 04 (Januar 2017): 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x17500446.

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The extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis) flower (CCDF) has antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties, but its anti-obesity properties have not been previously examined. In this study, we tested the effect of CCDF absolute on adipocyte differentiation by using 3T3-L1 cells and determining the bioactive component of CCDF absolute in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. CCDF absolute (0.1–100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) did not change 3T3-L1 cell viability. At 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL, the absolute significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced by culture in medium containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine/dexamethasone/insulin (MDI). GC/MS analysis showed that CCDF absolute contains 10 compounds. Among these compounds, cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propene-1-ol) dose-dependently inhibited the increased accumulation of lipid droplets in MDI-contained medium-cultured 3T3-L1 cells at a concentration range of 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL that did not cause cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect was significant at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]) and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]). Moreover, the enhanced expression of obesity-related proteins (PPAR[Formula: see text], C/EBP[Formula: see text], SREBP-1c, and FAS) in MDI medium-cultivated 3T3-L1 cells was significantly attenuated by the addition of cinnamyl alcohol at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. These findings demonstrate that cinnamyl alcohol suppresses 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by inhibiting anti-adipogenesis-related proteins, and it may be a main bioactive component of CCDF absolute, exerting antidifferentiation action in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, cinnamyl alcohol, as well as CCDF absolute, may be potential candidates for the prevention or treatment of obesity.

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Percival, J. N. „The hidden physical model of kinematics under SRT’s observer-centric models“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2197, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2197/1/012022.

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Abstract This paper assumes the reader is intimately familiar with Special Relativity’s (SRT’s) model and equations. The paper summarizes the empirical data in terms of the two main categories of interpretations of SRT currently taught in college/universities, physics texts and discussed in physics journals. Inconsistencies between the data on proper time accumulation rates and SRT are discussed. All the standard rebuttals to claims of flaws or limitations in SRT associated with one set of empirical data are ruled out by other sets of empirical data. The paper focuses on proper time data as proper time is absolute and observer independent, in contrast to the observer-centric SRT spacetime views, AND any absolute effects are cumulative and, hence, especially well-suited for revealing the absolute physical reality that underlies the relativistic view.

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Atomi, Y., T. Fukunaga, H. Hatta und Y. Yamamoto. „Relationship between lactate threshold during running and relative gastrocnemius area“. Journal of Applied Physiology 63, Nr. 6 (01.12.1987): 2343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.6.2343.

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This study examined the relationship between the work rate at which blood lactate accumulation begins (lactate threshold) during running and relative gastrocnemius area in four different groups. Twenty nonathletic and 11 athletic boys (age 9–12 yr), 15 female adult runners, and 11 male nonathletic students participated in this study. The muscle composition of the leg and thigh were measured by ultrasound. The lactate threshold was assessed in terms of both the absolute work rate (ml.kg-1.min-1) and relative work rate. The relative cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius to the plantar flexor (relative gastrocnemius area) was significantly negatively related to the absolute and relative lactate threshold in all groups. These results suggest that the relative gastrocnemius area may play an important role in determining the relative and absolute lactate threshold during running.

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Zhang, Jiandi, und Maozhou Yang. „Developing a growing cancer profile database based on quantitative analysis of protein biomarkers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens“. Future Oncology 16, Nr. 31 (November 2020): 2471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2020-0480.

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Over a century of clinical practice has led to the accumulation of millions of archived formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cancer specimens with detailed medical records worldwide. Absolute quantitation of clinical protein biomarkers in these FFPE specimens allows individual specimens to be profiled at the population level, with the absolute nature of the measurements enabling the continuous processing of archived FFPE specimens over the time. A continuously growing cancer patient profile database is proposed here to support “big data” profiling of these protein biomarkers alone or in combination, enabling next-generation retrospective-prospective analytics into the field of clinical diagnostics.

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Correa-Galeote, David, Lucia Argiz, Angeles Val del Rio, Anuska Mosquera-Corral, Belen Juarez-Jimenez, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez und Belen Rodelas. „Dynamics of PHA-Accumulating Bacterial Communities Fed with Lipid-Rich Liquid Effluents from Fish-Canning Industries“. Polymers 14, Nr. 7 (29.03.2022): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071396.

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The biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from industrial wastes by mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) enriched in PHA-accumulating bacteria is a promising technology to replace petroleum-based plastics. However, the populations’ dynamics in the PHA-accumulating MMCs are not well known. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to address the shifts in the size and structure of the bacterial communities in two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with fish-canning effluents and operated under non-saline (SBR-N, 0.5 g NaCl/L) or saline (SBR-S, 10 g NaCl/L) conditions, by using a combination of quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. A double growth limitation (DGL) strategy, in which nitrogen availability was limited and uncoupled to carbon addition, strongly modulated the relative abundances of the PHA-accumulating bacteria, leading to an increase in the accumulation of PHAs, independently of the saline conditions (average 9.04 wt% and 11.69 wt%, maximum yields 22.03 wt% and 26.33% SBR-N and SBR-S, respectively). On the other hand, no correlations were found among the PHAs accumulation yields and the absolute abundances of total Bacteria, which decreased through time in the SBR-N and did not present statistical differences in the SBR-S. Acinetobacter, Calothrix, Dyella, Flavobacterium, Novosphingobium, Qipengyuania, and Tsukamurella were key PHA-accumulating genera in both SBRs under the DGL strategy, which was revealed as a successful tool to obtain a PHA-enriched MMC using fish-canning effluents.

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Ke, Jin, Bin Ran, Peiyuan Sun, Yuanzhi Cheng, Qingfu Chen und Hongyou Li. „An Evaluation of the Absolute Content of Flavonoids and the Identification of Their Relationship with the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes in Tartary Buckwheat Seeds“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 12 (07.12.2023): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13123006.

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The aim of the present study is to evaluate the absolute content and accumulation patterns of flavonoid components; to give insight into the accumulation relationships among flavonoid components; to explore the correlation between the content of flavonoid components and the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in Tartary buckwheat seeds; and to construct a biosynthetic pathway on the major flavonoid components in Tartary buckwheat seeds. In total, 61 flavonoid components were absolutely quantified in five Tartary buckwheat varieties, of which 41 existed in all varieties. The content of most flavonoids varied significantly among different varieties or within the same variety. Rutin, quercetin, nicotiflorin, and kaempferol were the dominant flavonoid components in the Tartary buckwheat seeds, accounting for 73.05–81.79% of the total flavonoids. Significantly positive or negative correlations with content accumulation were found between some flavonoid components. Thirty-six flavonoid components displayed four different accumulation patterns in the developing Tartary buckwheat seeds. Seventeen structural genes for flavonoid biosynthesis displayed a significantly positive correlation with the accumulation of most flavonoid components during the development of Tartary buckwheat seeds, and the F3′5′H-3 gene might be the most crucial contributor in determining the total flavonoid content in Tartary buckwheat seeds. A schematic of the biosynthesis pathways for 30 major flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat seeds was constructed. These findings provide an outlook of the flavonoid components and their biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat seeds and have potential applications in breeding new cultivars with higher flavonoid contents.

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Maggi, V., G. Orombelli, Β. Stenni, O. Flora, R. Udisti, S. Becagli, R. Traversi, S. Vermigli und J. R. Petit. „70 years of northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) accumulation rate“. Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-215-219.

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Measurements of oxygen isotope ratio , major anions and cations, insoluble dust and tritium were performed every 4-6 cm along the Hercules Névé (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica) 22 m firn core. Concentration/depth profiles for H2O2, methane sulphonic acid and non-sea-salt sulphate (nssSO4 2-) were used to obtain a dating for the core by a multiparametric method involving a normalisation procedure and a linear combination of original profiles. This dating was compared with the and dust records to obtain a reliable identification of successive annual snow layers. The time-scale obtained from the seasonally varying signals was confirmed by an absolute date obtained from the 1965 thermonuclear atmospheric bomb test tritium peak. Around 70 years (1926-94) of annual accumulation rate data were obtained from the core. variations recorded along the core may be ascribed to seasonal variations of this parameter related to temperature variations.

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Khoo, Saye H., Patrick G. Hoggard, Ian Williams, E. Rhiannon Meaden, Philippa Newton, Edmund G. Wilkins, Alan Smith et al. „Intracellular Accumulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2002): 3228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.10.3228-3235.2002.

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ABSTRACT Intracellular accumulation of the protease inhibitors (PIs) saquinavir (SQV), ritonavir (RTV), and indinavir (IDV) was determined in 50 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Following extraction, PIs were quantified by mass spectrometry. Paired plasma and intracellular samples were collected over a full dosing interval from patients (13 on SQV, 6 on RTV, 8 on IDV, 16 on SQV plus RTV, 7 on IDV plus RTV) with a plasma viral load of <400 copies/ml. Data were expressed as intracellular/plasma drug concentration ratios. A hierarchy of intracellular accumulation was demonstrated by the following medians: 9.45 for SQV > 1.00 for RTV > 0.51 for IDV. Coadministration of RTV did not boost ratios of SQV or IDV within the cell or in plasma, although absolute plasma and intracellular SQV concentrations were increased by RTV. Seven individuals receiving SQV in hard-gel capsule form (median, 32 months) had higher intracellular/plasma drug ratios than all other patients receiving SQV (median, 17.62 versus 4.83; P = 0.04), despite consistently low plasma SQV concentrations. How this occurs may provide insight into the mechanisms that limit adequate drug penetration into sanctuary sites.

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Todd, Robert E., Daniel L. Rudnick, Jeffrey T. Sherman, W. Brechner Owens und Lawrence George. „Absolute Velocity Estimates from Autonomous Underwater Gliders Equipped with Doppler Current Profilers“. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, Nr. 2 (Februar 2017): 309–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0156.1.

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AbstractDoppler current profilers on autonomous underwater gliders measure water velocity relative to the moving glider over vertical ranges of O(10) m. Measurements obtained with 1-MHz Nortek acoustic Doppler dual current profilers (AD2CPs) on Spray gliders deployed off Southern California, west of the Galápagos Archipelago, and in the Gulf Stream are used to demonstrate methods of estimating absolute horizontal velocities in the upper 1000 m of the ocean. Relative velocity measurements nearest to a glider are used to infer dive-dependent flight parameters, which are then used to correct estimates of absolute vertically averaged currents to account for the accumulation of biofouling during months-long glider missions. The inverse method for combining Doppler profiler measurements of relative velocity with absolute references to estimate profiles of absolute horizontal velocity is reviewed and expanded to include additional constraints on the velocity solutions. Errors arising from both instrumental bias and decreased abundance of acoustic scatterers at depth are considered. Though demonstrated with measurements from a particular combination of platform and instrument, these techniques should be applicable to other combinations of gliders and Doppler current profilers.

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Feng, Jin-Liang, Le-Le Pei, Xiangkun Zhu, Jian-Ting Ju und Shao-Peng Gao. „Absolute accumulation and isotope fractionation of Si and Fe during dolomite weathering and terra rossa formation“. Chemical Geology 496 (September 2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.08.018.

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Zhang, Lanxi. „Multivariate Grey Prediction Model with Priority Accumulation of New Information“. E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124802009.

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According to the new information priority principle of grey system, this paper tries to optimize the traditional multivariate grey prediction model. Firstly, the basic theory of the traditional grey prediction model is put forward. Based on this, the background value is improved by using the new information priority principle, and the cumulative generation with parameters is defined. Taking the settlement trend of A4# building of an engineering project in Anhui province as an example, the model is applied to the settlement analysis, and the proposed model is compared with the existing grey prediction model, the average percentage absolute error between the predicted value and the observed value is calculated, and the regression graphs of each model are drawn. Through the analysis, we can see that the established model has achieved a good effect, and then verified the practicability and reliability of the proposed model.

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Ma, Barry B., und Jeffrey A. Nystuen. „Passive Acoustic Detection and Measurement of Rainfall at Sea“. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, Nr. 8 (01.08.2005): 1225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1773.1.

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Abstract Rainfall over the ocean is one of the most important climatic parameters for both oceanic and atmospheric science. Traditional accumulation-type rain gauges are difficult to operate at sea, and so an alternate technique using underwater sound has been developed. The technique of passive monitoring of the ocean rainfall using ambient sound depends on the accuracy of sound pressure level (SPL) detection. Consequently, absolute calibration of the hydrophone is desirable, but is difficult to achieve because typically the geometry of the laboratory calibration process does not fit the measurement geometry over the ocean. However, if one assumes that the sound signal that is generated by wind is universal then the wind signal can be used to provide an absolute calibration. Over 90 buoy months of ambient sound spectra have been collected on the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) project array since 1998. By applying the Vagle et al. wind speed algorithm, the instrument noises and sensitivity bias for the absolute calibration of each acoustic rain gauge (ARG) are obtained. An acoustic discrimination process is developed to retrieve the pure geophysical signals. A new single-frequency rainfall-rate algorithm is proposed after comparing the ARG data with R.M. Young self-siphoning rain gauge data, collocated on the same moorings. The acoustic discrimination process and the rainfall algorithm are further tested at two other locations and are compared with R.M. Young rain gauges and the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) product 3B42. The acoustic rainfall accumulations show the comparable results in both long (year) and short (hours) time scales.

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Berzsenyi, Z., und Q. Dang. „Study of the effect of plant density on the growth of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids using the Richards function“. Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55, Nr. 4 (01.12.2007): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.55.2007.4.3.

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In maize, plant density has a considerable influence on the rate of dry matter accumulation and on its partitioning between vegetative and reproductive sinks. The aim of the present research was to use the first, second and third derivatives of the Richards function (RF) for growth analysis on maize hybrids grown at various densities. In two-factorial split-plot experiments carried out in Martonvásár, Hungary in 1997–1999 the growth analysis method was used to examine the effect of six plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 thousand plants ha −1 ) on the growth of three maize hybrids (Mara, Mv 355, Florencia) with different vegetation periods. Plant density had a significant effect on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation, absolute growth rate (AGR) and absolute acceleration rate (AAR). There was a significant reduction in the asymptotic maximum (A) and growth parameters (AGR, AAR) of the whole plant and of the individual plant organs (stalk, leaf, ear and grain yield), while the parameters of the leaf area index (LAI) increased significantly with a rise in the plant density. The usefulness of the RF for approximating the growth processes of maize plants and individual plant parts was confirmed statistically.

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Van Ommen, Tas D., Vin Morgan und Mark A. J. Curran. „Deglacial and Holocene changes in accumulation at Law Dome, East Antarctica“. Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814221.

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AbstractDating constraints have been combined with an ice-flow model to estimate surface accumulation rates at Law Dome, East Antarctica, to approximately 80 kyr BP. Results indicate that the present high-accumulation regime (~0.7ma–1 ice equivalent) was established some time after ~7 kyr BP, following an increase of approximately 80% from early to mid-Holocene. The accumulation rate at the Last Glacial Maximum is estimated at less than ~10% of the modern value. The record reveals an approximately linear dependence between temperature (inferred from isotope ratio) and accumulation rate through the glacial period. This dependence breaks down in the early Holocene, and this is interpreted as a change to a mode in which moisture-transport changes have a stronger influence on accumulation than temperature (via absolute humidity). The changes in accumulation, including the large change in the early to mid-Holocene, are accompanied by changes in sea-salt concentrations which support the hypothesis that Law Dome climate has shifted from a glacial climate, more like that of the present-day Antarctic Plateau, to its current Antarctic maritime climate. The change between these two modes occurred progressively through the early Holocene, possibly reflecting insolation-driven changes in atmospheric moisture content and circulation.

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Jiao, Wei Wei, Jie Zhang, Li Jun Cheng, Dan Dan Liu und Zhi Deng. „Research of the Relationship between Characteristics of Carbonate Fracture-Cave Unit and Fluids Producing Status - A Case Study in Well Block ZG7 in North Slope of Tazhong Uplift“. Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (Mai 2012): 1537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1537.

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Carbonate reservoir is one of the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation. But the exploration proved that high-quality reservoir and commercial hydrocarbon flow had no absolute corresponding relationship, high-quality reservoir just was the necessary condition of hydrocarbon accumulation. It was found that local construction highs had an important control function to hydrocarbon accumulation. So it has a realistic guiding significance to exploration that enhancing the detailed study on carbonate fracture-cave unit. This paper selected Well Block ZG7 with complex oil-water relationship as a case, and comparative analyzed the structural position, structural characteristics, reservoir characteristics and fluid producing status before and after acid fracturing. It indicated that structural position of fracture-cave unit had a crucial control function to the fluid property in it, whose high accumulated hydrocarbon and the low was water commonly. The structure of facture-cave unit had a close relationship with the fluid producing status, which differed from the variation of fracture-cave unit structure. Carbonate reservoir and local construction were the important controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation, under the background of high-quality reservoir, local structures and structural highs were the favorable accumulation areas.

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Herd, S. M., J. Camakaris, R. Christofferson, P. Wookey und D. M. Danks. „Uptake and efflux of copper-64 in Menkes'-disease and normal continuous lymphoid cell lines“. Biochemical Journal 247, Nr. 2 (15.10.1987): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2470341.

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The accumulation of copper over 2 h by normal lymphoid cells and those from Menkes'-disease patients (Menkes' cells) was found to be biphasic, with an initial phase of rapid uptake, an approach to steady state at around 40-60 min, followed by a further accumulation phase. The accumulation of copper was not diminished by the addition of a variety of metabolic inhibitors, suggesting that copper uptake is not an active process. The presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone in the culture medium stimulated the uptake and accumulation of copper in both normal and Menkes' cells to the same absolute level. This effect appeared to be specific for copper, since the accumulation of Zn and Cd was unaffected. Menkes' cells did not differ from normal in their initial rate of copper uptake. Analysis of the uptake curve suggested that the membrane transport of copper involves both passive and facilitated diffusion. Initial rate of efflux from the cells was approximated by two methods. Menkes' cells did not appear to be affected in this function. It seems likely that the basic defect in Menkes' disease involves a step in intracellular copper transport rather than the membrane transport of copper.

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Nakagawa, Kazumi, Yoichi Taya, Katsuyuki Tamai und Masaru Yamaizumi. „Requirement of ATM in Phosphorylation of the Human p53 Protein at Serine 15 following DNA Double-Strand Breaks“. Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, Nr. 4 (01.04.1999): 2828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.4.2828.

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ABSTRACT Microinjection of the restriction endonuclease HaeIII, which causes DNA double-strand breaks with blunt ends, induces nuclear accumulation of p53 protein in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) primary fibroblasts. In contrast, this induction of p53 accumulation is not observed in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) fibroblasts. HaeIII-induced p53 protein in normal fibroblasts is phosphorylated at serine 15, as determined by immunostaining with an antibody specific for phosphorylated serine 15 of p53. This phosphorylation correlates well with p53 accumulation. Treatment with lactacystin (an inhibitor of the proteasome) or heat shock leads to similar levels of p53 accumulation in normal and AT fibroblasts, but the p53 protein lacks a phosphorylated serine 15. Following microinjection of HaeIII into lactacystin-treated normal fibroblasts, lactacystin-induced p53 protein is phosphorylated at serine 15 and stabilized even in the presence of cycloheximide. However, neither stabilization nor phosphorylation at serine 15 is observed in AT fibroblasts under the same conditions. These results indicate the significance of serine 15 phosphorylation for p53 stabilization after DNA double-strand breaks and an absolute requirement for ATM in this phosphorylation process.

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T, Thiruveni. „MICROBIAL AND HERBIVORE INDUCED PHYTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN OKRA AGAINST SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER, EARIAS VITTELLA (FAB.)“. Journal of Biopesticides 5 (01.04.2012): 223–27. https://doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.5.0.223-227.

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Microbial andherbivore induced phytochemical changes were studied in okra variety, Arkaanamika and hybrid, CoBhH1, againstshoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella. Induction was done either bymicrobial alone (microbial talc-based bioformulation Pseudomonas fluorescens(Pf1), Beauveria bassiana B2 isolate, Pf1+B2 consortia) or by bothmicrobial and herbivore (E. vittella infestation). Herbivore alone infestedplants served as infested control and undamaged plants left as absolutecontrol. Biochemical pathways encompassing induced resistance viz.,phenols and oxidizing defense enzymes such as peroxidase (PO), phenylalanineammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were assessed to envisage thedevelopment of induced resistance. Accumulation of phenol was high in Pf1+B2consortia inoculated plants as against absolute control in variety, Arkaanamika and hybrid, CoBhH1. Inoculation with both microbial consortia and E.vittella caused 9.8 times increased accumulation of phenolics in ArkaAnamika and 8.6 times in CoBhH1. Defense enzymes activity was alsosignificantly higher in Pf1 + B2 consortia treated plants as against absolutecontrol. Further, infestation by E. vittella resulted in the enhancementof accumulation of phenols, induction of PO, PAL and PPO activity. In absolutecontrol, CoBhH1 had higher phenolic accumulation and increased activity ofdefense enzymes than Arka Anamika.

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Hanna, Edward, Joe McConnell, Sarah Das, John Cappelen und Ag Stephens. „Observed and Modeled Greenland Ice Sheet Snow Accumulation, 1958–2003, and Links with Regional Climate Forcing“. Journal of Climate 19, Nr. 3 (01.02.2006): 344–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3615.1.

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Abstract Annual and monthly snow accumulation for the Greenland Ice Sheet was derived from ECMWF forecasts [mainly 40-yr ECMWR Re-Analysis (ERA-40)] and further meteorological modeling. Modeled accumulation was validated using 58 ice core accumulation datasets across the ice sheet and was found to be 95% of the observed accumulation on average, with a mean correlation of 0.53 between modeled and observed. Many of the ice core datasets are new and are presented here for the first time. Central and northern interior parts of the ice sheet were found to be ∼10%–30% too dry in ERA-40, in line with earlier ECMWF analysis, although too much (>50% locally) snow accumulation was modeled for interior southern parts of Greenland. Nevertheless, 47 of 58 sites show significant correlation in temporal variability of modeled with observed accumulation. The model also captures the absolute amount of snow accumulation at several sites, most notably Das1 and Das2 in southeast Greenland. Mean modeled accumulation over the ice sheet was 0.279 (standard deviation 0.034) m yr−1 for 1958–2003 with no significant trend for either the ice sheet or any of the core sites. Unusually high accumulation in southeast Greenland in 2002/03 leads the authors to study meteorological synoptic forcing patterns and comment on the prospect of enhanced climate variability leading to more such events as a result of global warming. There is good agreement between precipitation measured at coastal meteorological stations in southern Greenland and accumulation modeled for adjacent regions of the ice sheet. There is no significant persistent relation between the North Atlantic Oscillation index and whole or southern Greenland accumulation.

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Imamshadiqin, Imamshadiqin, Yudho Andika, Andika Syahputra, Erniati Erniati und Salmarika Salmarika. „Characterization of marine debris at Bluka Teubai Beach, North Aceh, Indonesia: Composition, density, and temporal patterns“. Journal of Marine Studies 2, Nr. 1 (11.02.2025): 2102. https://doi.org/10.29103/joms.v2i1.19487.

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Marine debris consists of materials discarded or unintentionally introduced into the marine environment by human activities. The increasing volume of marine debris is largely attributed to human activity near coastal areas. Bluka Teubai Beach, North Aceh, a popular visitor destination, has a high potential for waste accumulation. This study, conducted in May 2024, employed a purposive sampling method to assess marine debris. The research area was divided into three stations with distinct characteristics, using the line transect method. Results from Bluka Teubai Beach identified two primary waste categories: organic and inorganic. Organic waste included wood, bamboo, and coconut husk, while inorganic waste consisted of plastic, glass, metal, and rubber. Among organic waste, wood exhibited the highest absolute density (0.456 items/m²) and relative density (53.950%), followed by bamboo (0.317 items/m², 39.641%) and coconut husk (0.049 items/m², 6.409%). The overall density of organic waste at Bluka Teubai Beach was highest for wood (0.23 items/m²), with an average relative density of 58.640%. For inorganic waste, plastic had the highest absolute density in pieces (2.24 items/m²) and relative density in pieces (96.968%). The highest absolute density and relative mass of inorganic waste were also found in plastic (99.94 g/m² and 64.36%, respectively). Temporal analysis revealed that organic waste accumulation peaked on Fridays, while inorganic waste was most abundant on Tuesdays in terms of count and on Sundays in terms of mass. The results underscore the urgent need for targeted waste management strategies and continuous monitoring to mitigate marine debris pollution and protect the coastal ecosystem of Bluka Teubai Beach.

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Liu, Guangmin, Hongju He, Pengjie Wang, Xirui Zhao und Fazheng Ren. „Glucoraphanin Accumulation via Glucoraphanin Synthesis Promotion during Broccoli Germination“. Foods 13, Nr. 1 (21.12.2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13010041.

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Glucoraphanin is an important glucosinolate which is widely distributed in Brassica vegetables and poses an anticancer effect to humans. Although researchers have paid a lot of attention to the changes in glucoraphanin concentration in seedlings of broccoli over 1–2 weeks, there has been little research focusing on the total whole-sprout glucoraphanin content within broccoli seedlings over 1–5 weeks. However, it is necessary to clarify the changes in total glucoraphanin content during the broccoli sprouting stage as broccoli seedlings are novel plant foods. This research explored glucoraphanin absolute accumulation and the biosynthesis mechanism in broccoli seedlings during a 5-week growth period. The results showed that glucoraphanin accumulation content was higher at week 4 than in the seeds. Moreover, the relative DL-methionine contents increased significantly after 3 weeks. Glucoraphanin synthetic gene expression levels were increased after 3 weeks, but the gene expressions of AOP3 (encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases) and MYR (encoding myrosinase) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the 20 essential DEGs obtained can provide new insight into understanding the developmental regulation of broccoli seedlings. In addition, the results can also provide information on how to obtain higher glucoraphanin contents in broccoli sprouts.

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Su, Ziqi, Kunlong Li, Xiaowei Luo, Yongyan Zhu, Shao-Yu Mai, Quanhong Zhu, Bin Yang, Xuefeng Zhou und Huaming Tao. „Aromatic Acids and Leucine Derivatives Produced from the Deep-Sea Actinomycetes Streptomyces chumphonensis SCSIO15079 with Antihyperlipidemic Activities“. Marine Drugs 20, Nr. 4 (07.04.2022): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20040259.

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Six new aromatic acids (1–6) and three new leucine derivatives containing an unusual oxime moiety (7–9) were isolated and identified from the deep-sea-derived actinomycetes strain Streptomyces chumphonensis SCSIO15079, together with two known compounds (10–11). The structures of 1–9 including absolute configurations were determined by detailed NMR, MS, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1–9 were evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities, as well as their effects on intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Compounds 3 and 4, with the most potent inhibitory activity on intracellular lipid accumulation at 10 μM, were revealed with potential antihyperlipidemic effects, although the mechanism needs to be further studied.

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Ambach, W. „Effects of Climatic Perturbations on the Surface-Ablation Regime of the Greenland Ice Sheet, West Greenland“. Journal of Glaciology 35, Nr. 121 (1989): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000009229.

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AbstractThe shift of the equilibrium-line altitude by climatic perturbations of air temperature δTa, absolute humidity δρv, cloudiness δwand annual accumulation 6c in West Greenland (EGIG profile) is analyzed by heat-balance modelling. The perturbations δTa= +1 K, δρv= +0.25 g m−3, δc= +50 kg m−2result in a shift of the equilibrium-line altitude of 87.5, 9.8, and −24.3 m, respectively, while perturbations in cloudiness are negligible. The most important influence originates from changing air temperature, as air temperature affects daily heat-flux density of melt and duration of the ablation period. In regimes with negative values of the gradient of annual accumulation, the shift of the equilibrium line is enhanced.

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Ambach, W. „Effects of Climatic Perturbations on the Surface-Ablation Regime of the Greenland Ice Sheet, West Greenland“. Journal of Glaciology 35, Nr. 121 (1989): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000009229.

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AbstractThe shift of the equilibrium-line altitude by climatic perturbations of air temperature δTa, absolute humidity δρv, cloudiness δw and annual accumulation 6c in West Greenland (EGIG profile) is analyzed by heat-balance modelling. The perturbations δTa = +1 K, δρv = +0.25 g m−3, δc = +50 kg m−2 result in a shift of the equilibrium-line altitude of 87.5, 9.8, and −24.3 m, respectively, while perturbations in cloudiness are negligible. The most important influence originates from changing air temperature, as air temperature affects daily heat-flux density of melt and duration of the ablation period. In regimes with negative values of the gradient of annual accumulation, the shift of the equilibrium line is enhanced.

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Wang, Ji Hong, Yang Wang, Zhi Dan Zhang, Mei Lan Li und Lian Sheng Du. „Studies on Organic Carbon Distribution Characteristics of Organic- Mineral Complex in Sediment of Yitong River“. Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (Januar 2013): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.117.

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The sediment in the parts of Yitong river, located at the central of Jilin province, was taken as the research object, and the organic-mineral complex of soil samples was grouped by the improved colloid grouping method described by Qiulin. The distribution characteristics of the organic carbon in sediment organic-mineral complex were studied. The results showed that the organic carbon absolute contents in different groups were G2>G1>G0 group in <10μm and <2μm sediment organic-mineral complexes. The absolute content of organic carbon in G2 group was the highest, but G1 group had the highest relative content, which indicated that in three groups of sediment, G1 had a very prominent effect on organic carbon accumulation.

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Noormohamed, Faruq H., Michael S. Youle, Christopher J. Higgs, Sarah Martin-Munley, Brian G. Gazzard und Ariel F. Lant. „Pharmacokinetics and Absolute Bioavailability of Oral Foscarnet in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Patients“. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, Nr. 2 (01.02.1998): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.2.293.

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ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, accumulation, and tolerability over 8 days of an oral formulation of foscarnet (90 mg/kg of body weight once daily [QD] [n = 6], 90 mg/kg twice daily [BID] [n = 6], and 180 mg/kg QD [n = 3]) were investigated in 15 asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive male patients free of active cytomegalovirus infection and with normal upper gastrointestinal function. Peak plasma drug concentrations were (mean ± standard deviation) 46.4 ± 10.8 μM (90 mg/kg QD), 45.7 ± 6.9 μM (90 mg/kg BID), and 64.9 ± 31.7 μM (180 mg/kg QD) on day 1 and rose to 86.2 ± 35.8, 78.7 ± 35.2, and 86.4 ± 25.0 μM, respectively, on day 8. The mean peak concentration in plasma following the intravenous administration of foscarnet (90 mg/kg) was 887.3 ± 102.7 μM (n = 13). The terminal half-life in plasma remained unchanged, averaging 5.5 ± 2.2 h on day 1 (n = 15) and 6.6 ± 1.9 h on day 8 (n = 13), whereas it was 5.7 ± 0.7 h following intravenous dosing. Oral bioavailabilities were 9.1% ± 2.2% (90 mg/kg QD), 9.5% ± 1.7% (90 mg/kg BID), and 7.6% ± 3.7% (180 mg/kg QD); the accumulation ratios on the 8th day of dosing were 2.1 ± 1.1, 1.8 ± 0.4, and 1.7 ± 0.7, respectively. The overall 24-h urinary excretion of oral foscarnet averaged 7.8% ± 2.6% (day 1) and 13.4% ± 6.0% (day 8), whereas it was 95.0% ± 4.9% after intravenous dosing. The glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance remained constant, and the mean 24-h renal clearances of foscarnet for the entire study group were 96 ± 18 ml/min (day 1), 88 ± 13 ml/min (day 8), and 103 ± 16 ml/min after intravenous dosing. Adverse effects were largely confined to gastrointestinal disturbances, with all subjects experiencing diarrhea that was dose dependent in its severity. The results suggest that the formulation studied would require significant improvement with respect to tolerability and bioavailability to gain clinical acceptance.

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Liu, Shuanghua, Qin Qi und Zhiming Hu. „An Improved Nonhomogeneous Grey Model with Fractional-Order Accumulation and Its Application“. Journal of Mathematics 2021 (21.06.2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9962565.

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The nonhomogeneous grey model has been seen as an effective method for forecasting time series with approximate nonhomogeneous index law, which has been widely used in diverse disciplines on account of its high prediction precision. However, there remains room for improvements. For this, this study presents an improved nonhomogeneous grey model by incorporating the dynamic integral mean value theorem and fractional accumulation simultaneously. In order to promote the efficacy of the optimised model, we apply the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to ascertain its optimal parameter. In particular, two examples are conducted to validate the superiority of the proposed model in contrast with other benchmarks, and the experimental results show that the mean absolute percentage error of the proposed approach is 808692% and 6.0706%, respectively, indicating the proposed approach performs better than other competing models.

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Biegert, Konni, Daniel Stöckeler, Roy J. McCormick und Peter Braun. „Modelling Soluble Solids Content Accumulation in ‘Braeburn’ Apples“. Plants 10, Nr. 2 (05.02.2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020302.

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Optical sensor data can be used to determine changes in anthocyanins, chlorophyll and soluble solids content (SSC) in apple production. In this study, visible and near-infrared spectra (729 to 975 nm) were transformed to SSC values by advanced multivariate calibration models i.e., partial least square regression (PLSR) in order to test the substitution of destructive chemical analyses through non-destructive optical measurements. Spectral field scans were carried out from 2016 to 2018 on marked ‘Braeburn’ apples in Southwest Germany. The study combines an in-depth statistical analyses of longitudinal SSC values with horticultural knowledge to set guidelines for further applied use of SSC predictions in the orchard to gain insights into apple carbohydrate physiology. The PLSR models were investigated with respect to sample size, seasonal variation, laboratory errors and the explanatory power of PLSR models when applied to independent samples. As a result of Monte Carlo simulations, PLSR modelled SSC only depended to a minor extent on the absolute number and accuracy of the wet chemistry laboratory calibration measurements. The comparison between non-destructive SSC determinations in the orchard with standard destructive lab testing at harvest on an independent sample showed mean differences of 0.5% SSC over all study years. SSC modelling with longitudinal linear mixed-effect models linked high crop loads to lower SSC values at harvest and higher SSC values for fruit from the top part of a tree.

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Kudrov, V. „On Modern Scientific Assessment of the Economic Theory of Marx-Engels-Lenin (Ten Items for Reflection)“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 12 (20.12.2004): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-12-111-130.

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Substantive provisions of the Marx-Engels-Lenin economic theory in comparison with vital realities of XX century are critically considered in the article. Theories of surplus value, labor value, general law of capitalist accumulation, absolute and relative impoverishment of proletariat are examined. The author points to utopianism and inconsistency of Marx's theory and calls Russian economists for creation of new economic theory adequate to challenges of XXI century.

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Savosko, V. M. „Indicators for pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’ migration“. Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 19, Nr. 1 (27.01.2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041903.

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The aims of this study were to substantiate indicators for pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’s migration. The concept of pedogeochemical barriers of heavy metals’migration. Pedogeochemical migration barrier is part of the soil horizon or soil profile, where, as a result of special pedosubstantsiya availability and certain pedogeochemical reactions percolation, there is a significant accumulation of some chemical elements. These barriers act as a «substation-reactionary phenomenon». Pedogeochemical migration barrier grouped into five types: mechanical A, physical (sorption) B, physicochemical (ion exchange) C, chemical D and biological E. Indicators of geochemical migration barriers. To assess the geochemical barriers to migration, A. I. Perelman suggested using barrier contrast indicators and the barrier gradient. Wherein, the barrier contrast is calculated as the ratio of the chemical element concentration on the barrier to its quantity up to the barrier. Barrier gradient is the ratio of soil differences before and after the barrier to its length. Indicators of pedogeochemical migration barriers. In soil science, as the analogue of the barrier contrast are: the contrast ratio, the coefficient of intra-profile differentiation, alluvial-accumulative coefficients. As an analogue of the gradient barriers, there are indices of absolute and relative gradients of pedogeochemical migration barriers. Indicators of Pedogeochemical migration barriers manifest that in the chernozems of ordinary and southern at Kryvyi Rih areas, the accumulation of heavy metals in the humus transition and humus accumulation horizons has been revealed. Wherein, the more intensive action of soil migration barriers is naturally revealed in chernozems of ordinary, in comparison with chernozems southern.

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Zeng, Hui, Haipeng Yu, Wenli Liu und Wei Sun. „Gradient Direction Accumulation-based Heat Kernel Signature Descriptor for Nonrigid 3D Model Retrieval“. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 33, Nr. 07 (07.06.2019): 1955008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001419550085.

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This paper presents an effective 3D local feature descriptor, which is called Gradient Direction Accumulation-based Heat Kernel Signature (GDA-HKS) descriptor, and its application in nonrigid 3D model retrieval. The GDA-HKS descriptor is based on the heat kernel signature, and it is scale invariant and robust to the nonrigid deformation of the 3D model. Compared with the SI-HKS descriptor, the GDA-HKS descriptor is constructed directly in the time domain, and it can effectively avoid the loss of high frequency information. The absolute gradient difference is used to encode the GDA-HKS descriptor, which can describe the changing trend of the one-dimensional signal more effectively. Extensive experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the designed GDA-HKS descriptor.

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Kwon, E. D., K. Zablocki, K. Y. Jung, E. M. Peters, A. Garcia-Perez und M. B. Burg. „Osmoregulation of GPC:choline phosphodiesterase in MDCK cells: different effects of urea and NaCl“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 269, Nr. 1 (01.07.1995): C35—C41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.1.c35.

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The organic osmolyte, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), accumulates in renal cells in response to high concentrations of either NaCl or urea, despite the very different effects of these solutes on cell function and volume. Together, high levels of these solutes increase GPC amount in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells by inhibiting its enzymatic degradation. The present study tests the effects of NaCl and urea, individually, on GPC accumulation and its degradation. A technique was developed to determine the absolute rate of GPC degradation by measuring the initial rate of disappearance of [3H]GPC (pulsed into the cells by hypotonic shock) and the specific activity of GPC in the cells. The mass of GPC in the cells was measured by another newly developed method, a sensitive chemiluminescent assay. We find that exposure to high NaCl or urea decreases the absolute rate of cellular GPC degradation by approximately one-half during the first 20.5 h. Reductions in GPC degradation are accompanied by commensurate decreases in the activity of GPC:choline phosphodiesterase (GPC:PDE; EC 3.1.4.2), an enzyme that catalyzes degradation of GPC. Activity of GPC:PDE falls > 50% in cells exposed for 2 h to high osmolality. Inhibition is sustained for 7 days with high urea alone. In contrast, with high NaCl alone, GPC:PDE activity reverts to control values by 7 days, by which time synthesis of GPC is increased, accounting for sustained GPC accumulation. Collectively, these data suggest that GPC accumulation in response to either high NaCl or urea occurs initially by inhibition of its degradation but that the effect of NaCl on degradation differs, in that it is transient, while that of urea is sustained.

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Petković, Veljko, und Christian D. Kummerow. „A Spatiotemporal Correlation Technique to Improve Satellite Rainfall Accumulation“. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 51, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2012): 2122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-11-0178.1.

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AbstractA spatiotemporal correlation technique has been developed to combine satellite rainfall measurements using the spatial and temporal correlation of the rainfall fields to overcome problems of limited and infrequent measurements while accounting for the measurement accuracies. The relationship between the temporal and spatial correlation of the rainfall field is exploited to provide information about rainfall beyond instantaneous measurements. The technique is developed using synthetic radar data. Nine months of Operational Program for the Exchange of Weather Radar (OPERA) data are used on grid sizes of 100, 248, and 500 km with pixel resolutions of 8, 12, and 24 km to simulate satellite fields of view and are then applied to the real satellite data over the Southwest to calculate 3-h rainfall accumulations. The results are compared with the simple averaging technique, which takes a simple mean of the measurements as a constant rainfall rate over the entire accumulation period. Using synthetic data, depending on the time separation of the measurements and their accuracy, a spatiotemporal correlation technique has shown the potential to yield improvements of up to 40% in absolute error and up to 25% in root-mean-square error when compared with the simple averaging technique. When applied to the real satellite data over the Southeast, the technique showed much less skill (general improvement of only 2%–6%).

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