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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Absence Intervention Teams“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Absence Intervention Teams"
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Glenn, A., und R. Urquhart. „Adoption of Patient-Centered Tools by Cancer Care Teams: A Closer Look at Survivorship Care Plans and Patient Decision Aids“. Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (01.10.2018): 62s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.17400.
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Background: Moving interventions (i.e., new knowledge, tools, and technologies) into clinical practice are often lengthy and challenging processes, even when they are strongly supported by research evidence. Conversely, organizations and providers sometimes adopt interventions in the absence of strong research evidence. Understanding decision-making around the adoption of new interventions is paramount to developing more effective strategies to facilitate the use of evidence-based interventions in practice. Aim: To illuminate the decision-making processes involved in the adoption of patient-centered interventions by cancer care teams, including how research evidence is considered, and identify additional factors influencing these decisions. We focused on two interventions (survivorship care plans [SCPs] and patient decision aids [PtDAs]) due to their differing levels of research evidence and real-world adoption: SCPs = low evidence; high adoption; PtDAs = high evidence; low adoption. Methods: Guided by the principles of grounded theory, we conducted semistructured interviews with clinicians, managers, and administrators of cancer care programs across Canada (n=21). Data were collected and analyzed concurrently, using a constant comparative approach. Data collection ended upon reaching theoretical saturation. Results: Participants emphasized that high-quality research evidence is often unnecessary when making adoption decisions around interventions that are intuitively “good ideas.” Six key factors contributed to adoption/nonadoption decisions around SCPs and PtDAs: 1) alignment (or misalignment) of research evidence with clinical experiences, patient experiences/preferences, and local data; 2) perceived benefit to clinicians themselves; 3) endorsement by respected organizations; 4) existence of local champions; 5) ability to adapt the intervention to local contexts; and 6) ability to routinize the intervention across a large patient population. Conclusion: Many factors influence decisions to adopt patient-centered interventions, including clinicians' experiences and perceived benefits, the existence of organizational and extraorganizational advocates, and ease/reach of implementation.
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Teodorczuk, Andrew, Mark Welfare, Sally Corbett und Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska. „Developing effective educational approaches for Liaison Old Age Psychiatry teams: a literature review of the learning needs of hospital staff in relation to managing the confused older patient“. International Psychogeriatrics 22, Nr. 6 (15.12.2009): 874–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991475.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Deficiencies in the knowledge, skills and attitudes of all healthcare professionals working within the general hospital contribute towards the suboptimal care of older hospitalized patients with confusion. In the U.K., policy dictates that Liaison Old Age Psychiatry teams deliver effective education to general hospital clinical staff. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature concerning the learning needs of healthcare professionals in relation to managing confusion in the older patient in order to inform effective educational approaches for Liaison Old Age Psychiatry teams.Methods:A broad range of medical and educational databases were searched. Identified English language studies were selected for further analysis if they had a specific educational focus in the hospital setting and then further subdivided into intervention and naturalistic studies. The impact of intervention studies was evaluated by Kirkpatrick's system. Learning needs, as determined from the naturalistic studies, were mapped to identify themes.Results:13 intervention studies were identified. Despite a high level of effectiveness for educational interventions, it was unclear what the active components were. A further 23 naturalistic studies were identified; their findings focused on knowledge gaps, diagnostic behaviors and experiences, attitudes and training issues. Few studies specifically researched learning needs or the educational role of liaison teams. Conspicuous by its absence was reference to relevant educational theories.Conclusions:The findings of this review can be incorporated in the planning of local curricula by Liaison Teams in order to design educational strategies. There is a need for further research, especially studies exploring the learning needs ofallhealthcare professionals.
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Biz, Carlo, Pietro Nicoletti, Giovanni Baldin, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Alberto Crimì und Pietro Ruggieri. „Hamstring Strain Injury (HSI) Prevention in Professional and Semi-Professional Football Teams: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 16 (04.08.2021): 8272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168272.
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Hamstring Strain Injuries (HSIs) are the most common type of lesion in professional footballers and the leading cause of absence days from sports. However, recent studies have shown that high-level football teams apparently do not apply any HSI prevention protocol. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of preventive strategies and protocols in reducing the incidence of hamstring muscle injuries in professional and semi-professional football teams. A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI/Web of Science and Scopus databases was conducted with the keywords “hamstring* and (injury* or strain) and prevent* and (soccer or football)”. Quality and bias assessment was completed through the Kennelly modified scale. The Injury Incidence Rate (IIR) and the Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) were assessed in the statistical analysis. In the meta-analysis, data were extracted, pooled and analysed with “Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.3.070” software. In total, 8 of the 1017 original search studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The total exposure of the studies was 170,221.8 h, while the number of HSIs recorded was 165 in the intervention groups and 224 in the control groups. The average score of the quality assessment was 23.6/34. The meta-analysis of six of the eight included studies provided strong evidence that interventions are effective in reducing hamstring injuries. The IRR of the effect size was 0.443, with p-value = 0.001. The studies analysed applied different preventive strategies: the Nordic hamstring exercise, the FIFA 11+ programme and exercises for core stability or balance training. All these interventions proved to have a successful effect on prevention of hamstring injuries.
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Lewis, Michael. „Individual Team Incentives and Managing Competitive Balance in Sports Leagues: An Empirical Analysis of Major League Baseball“. Journal of Marketing Research 45, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2008): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.45.5.535.
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Major League Baseball and other professional sports leagues have long been concerned with competitive imbalances caused by differences in local revenues. The fear is that in the absence of salary caps or other regulatory mechanisms, smaller-market teams will be unable to remain competitive. This research uses a structural dynamic programming model to analyze ownership's payroll investment decisions. This model estimates the relationship between optimal payrolls and local-market populations and the influence of long-term customer equity dynamics on payroll investments. In addition, the author analyzes the impact of a recent policy intervention that implemented revenue transfers from high-local-revenue markets to low-local-revenue markets. The statistical results indicate that market population has a significant impact on the value of a team's payroll investments. For example, optimal payrolls double as the population increases from 2.5 million to 7.5 million. Furthermore, rather than improving competitive balance, the adoption of revenue sharing has decreased the incentives for small-market teams to remain competitive. The author uses the estimation results to evaluate alternative approaches to managing competitive balance. Specifically, the results suggest that basing revenue-sharing payments on local-market population and (higher) attendance rates reduces payroll dispersion.
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Tungaraza, Tongeji E., Wakil Ahmed, Chinonyelum Chira, Erin Turner, Susan Mayaki, Harpal Singh Nandhra, Tom Edwards und Saeed Farooq. „Prescribing pattern of clozapine and other antipsychotics for patients with first-episode psychosis: a cross-sectional survey of early intervention teams“. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 7, Nr. 3 (15.12.2016): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045125316683151.
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Objective: To describe the pattern of antipsychotic drug prescribing in patients with first episode psychosis, with more emphasis in the use of clozapine in this group of patients. Method: A cross-sectional survey involving six early intervention service (EIS) teams in the West Midlands was conducted. Data was extracted from case notes and electronic records by clinicians working in each participating team. The pattern of antipsychotic prescribing and the changes that took place after being accepted in EIS, including the use of clozapine, was established. Clinicians involved in the treatment of patients in each team rated the overall clinical response to treatment based on the presence or absence of positive psychotic symptoms. Result: 431 patients with FEP were included in the final analysis. Low antipsychotic discontinuation rate was observed, with the majority (88.2%) still being prescribed antipsychotics. Most (77.3%) were prescribed second-generation antipsychotic drugs, with olanzapine (21.8%) and aripiprazole (19.7%) being the most frequently prescribed antipsychotics. There was low rate use of antipsychotic combinations (7.4%), high dose antipsychotic regime (3.9%), low depot antipsychotic prescribing (9.3%), and clozapine use was low (9.7%). On average, three antipsychotics were tried before clozapine was initiated and it took on average 19.5 months from being accepted into EIS to clozapine being initiated. Conclusion: The majority of patients were prescribed antipsychotics within the guidelines. EIS was associated with an overall low antipsychotic discontinuation. There was also a short waiting time before clozapine was initiated following patients being accepted into EIS.
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Gomes, Grace Angélica de Oliveira, Eduardo Kokubun, Grégore Iven Mieke, Luiz Roberto Ramos, Michael Pratt, Diana C. Parra, Eduardo Simões et al. „Characteristics of physical activity programs in the Brazilian primary health care system“. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 30, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2014): 2155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00085713.
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The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of programs that promote physical activity in the public primary care system by region of Brazil, subject to the presence or absence of multidisciplinary primary care teams (NASF). We conducted a cross sectional and population-based telephone survey of the health unit coordinators from 1,251 health care units. Coordinators were asked about the presence and characteristics of physical activity programs. Four out of ten health units reported having a physical activity intervention program, the most common involving walking groups. Most of the activities were performed in the morning, once or twice a week, and in sessions of 30 minutes or more. Physical education professionals were primarily responsible for directing the activities. Interventions occurred in the health unit itself or in adjacent community spaces. In general, these characteristics were similar between units with or without NASF, but varied substantially across regions. These findings will guide future physical activity policies and programs within primary care in Brazil.
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Chin, A., L. Heywood, P. Iu, A. M. Pelecanos und M. J. Barrington. „The Effectiveness of Regional Anaesthesia before and after the Introduction of a Dedicated Regional Anaesthesia Service Incorporating a Block Room“. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 45, Nr. 6 (November 2017): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x1704500611.
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Dedicated regional anaesthesia services incorporating block rooms and/or block teams may facilitate theatre efficiency and improve training in regional anaesthesia. Currently, it is unknown if a dedicated regional anaesthesia service improves the effectiveness of regional anaesthesia. In November 2013, the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital established a dedicated regional anaesthesia service comprising a block team and a block room. Pre-intervention (conventional model of care) registry data was retrospectively compared with post-intervention (dedicated regional anaesthesia service) audit data, with regard to pain and opioid requirement in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU). The primary outcome was inadequate analgesia, defined as a numerical rating scale (NRS; 0, no pain; 10, worst pain imaginable) for pain >5 in the PACU. Pre- and post-intervention, 43.7% and 27.7% of patients respectively reported a NRS >5 (P <0.001). A difference in the type of blocks and surgery performed may have accounted for the improved outcome seen post-intervention. After adjustment for American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, block type and surgery type, the odds ratio of having inadequate analgesia (NRS >5) was 0.54 (95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.76) for post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. Secondary outcomes examined pre- and post-intervention were the absence of pain (39.3% and 55.1% of patients, respectively, P <0.001), systemic opioid analgesia requirement (48.6% and 30.5% of patients respectively, P <0.001) and median maximum NRS (4 [interquartile range (IQR) 0 to 8] and 0 [IQR 0 to 6] respectively, P <0.001). A dedicated regional anaesthesia service was associated with improved effectiveness of regional anaesthesia.
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Jones, Julie, Lyndsay Alexander, Elizabeth Hancock und Kay Cooper. „A collaborative approach to exercise provision for people with Parkinson’s – a feasibility and acceptability study of the PDConnect programme“. AMRC Open Research 2 (10.12.2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/amrcopenres.12936.1.
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Background: Exercise has been shown to be beneficial for people with Parkinson’s (PwP), limiting the rate of decline of motor and non-motor symptoms, with emerging evidence associating exercise with a neuroprotective effect. Current exercise provision is time-limited, and delivered in the absence of strategies to support long-term adherence to exercise. With a growing Parkinson’s population, there is a need to develop long-term sustainable approaches to exercise delivery. The primary aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a multicomponent intervention (PDConnect) aimed at promoting physical activity, and self-management for PwP. Methods: A convergent fixed parallel mixed methods design study will be undertaken. The study aims to recruit 30 PwP, who will be randomly allocated into two groups: (i) the usual care group will receive physiotherapy once a week for six weeks delivered via Microsoft Teams. (ii) The PDConnect group will receive physiotherapy once a week for six weeks which combines exercise, education and behaviour change interventions delivered by NHS Parkinson’s specialist physiotherapists via Microsoft Teams. This will be followed by 12 weekly sessions of group exercise delivered on Microsoft Teams by fitness instructors specially trained in Parkinson’s. Participants will be then contacted by the fitness instructors once per month for three months by video conferencing to support exercise engagement. Primary feasibility data will be collected during the study, with acceptability assessed via semi-structured interviews at the end. Secondary outcomes encompassing motor, non-motor and health and well-being measures will be assessed at baseline, at six, 18, and 30 weeks. Discussion: This pilot study will establish whether PDConnect is feasible and acceptable to PwP. This will provide a platform for a larger evaluation to assess the effectiveness of PDConnect at increasing exercise participation and self-management within the Parkinson’s Community. Trial registration: Registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN11672329, 4th June 2020).
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Jones, Julie, Lyndsay Alexander, Elizabeth Hancock und Kay Cooper. „A collaborative approach to exercise provision for people with Parkinson’s – a feasibility and acceptability study of the PDConnect programme“. AMRC Open Research 2 (01.04.2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/amrcopenres.12936.2.
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Background: Exercise has been shown to be beneficial for people with Parkinson’s (PwP), slowing the rate of decline of motor and non-motor symptoms, with emerging evidence associating exercise with a neuroprotective effect. Current exercise provision is time-limited, and delivered in the absence of strategies to support long-term adherence to exercise. With a growing Parkinson’s population, there is a need to develop long-term sustainable approaches to exercise delivery. The primary aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a multicomponent intervention (PDConnect) aimed at promoting physical activity, and self-management for PwP. Methods: A convergent fixed parallel mixed methods design study will be undertaken. The study aims to recruit 30 PwP, who will be randomly allocated into two groups: (i) the usual care group will receive physiotherapy once a week for six weeks delivered via Microsoft Teams. (ii) The PDConnect group will receive physiotherapy once a week for six weeks which combines exercise, education and behaviour change interventions delivered by NHS Parkinson’s specialist physiotherapists via Microsoft Teams. This will be followed by 12 weekly sessions of group exercise delivered on Microsoft Teams by fitness instructors specially trained in Parkinson’s. Participants will be then contacted by the fitness instructors once per month for three months by video conferencing to support exercise engagement. Primary feasibility data will be collected during the study, with acceptability assessed via semi-structured interviews at the end. Secondary outcomes encompassing motor, non-motor and health and well-being measures will be assessed at baseline, at six, 18, and 30 weeks. Discussion: This pilot study will establish whether PDConnect is feasible and acceptable to PwP. This will provide a platform for a larger evaluation to assess the effectiveness of PDConnect at increasing exercise participation and self-management within the Parkinson’s Community. Trial registration: Registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN11672329, 4th June 2020).
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Gerrard, David, Jennifer Rhodes, Ruth Lee und Jonathan Ling. „Using positive behavioural support (PBS) for STOMP medication challenge“. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities 13, Nr. 3/4 (12.06.2019): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/amhid-12-2018-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate if positive behavioural support (PBS) can be an effective alternative to medication, and can aid medication reduction in people with a learning disability, autism or both who are prescribed psychotropic medication for behaviour thought to be challenging. STOMP is an initiative supported by NHS England which aims to reduce inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medication, i.e. antipsychotics used for challenging behaviour in the absence of a documented mental health diagnosis. PBS has been described as the first line of intervention for behaviours which challenge, (NICE, 2015) and has been highlighted as a non-pharmacological alternative to, medication. Design/methodology/approach A two-group, experimental design was utilised. Both groups were considered for medication reduction. The experimental group of 25 people received input from a specialist PBS team, while the control group of 29 people underwent unsupported medication challenge. Findings There was a significantly higher success rate for medication reduction and discontinuation when PBS assessment and intervention was provided as an alternative to medication. Practical implications This study indicates that providing PBS is associated with decreased medication and if replicated should be become standard practice for specialist teams. Originality/value This is the first study to investigate the effect of PBS on medication reduction in patients prescribed psychotropic medication for behaviour thought to be challenging.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Absence Intervention Teams"
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Bernel, Rene Teruko. „Examination of the Implementation of a Mandated Attendance Policy in Ohio School Districts in the Midst of COVID-19“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu162453189056093.
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Thompson, Sanna, Kristin Ferguson, Kimberly Bender, Stephanie Begun und Yeonwoo Kim. Homeless Emerging Adults. Herausgegeben von Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.33.
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Navigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood is challenging for homeless emerging adults due to the absence of basic resources, sexual and physical victimization, psychological challenges, and unstable living conditions. To address the developmental issues associated with homelessness, this chapter utilizes a social estrangement framework to describe homeless emerging adults’ institutional/societal disaffiliation, human capital, identification with the homeless lifestyle, and psychological dysfunction. These terms are used to identify the developmental milestones associated with becoming adults in unconventional circumstances and during the nontraditional developmental processes experienced by homeless emerging adults. Intervention approaches are discussed in terms of services and barriers to care for homeless emerging adults. Policies are discussed that highlight the need for additional attention to service needs, mental health challenges, and criminal justice involvement of this population of emerging adults.
Buchteile zum Thema "Absence Intervention Teams"
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Saxena, Krishna G., Kottapalli S. Rao und Rakesh K. Maikhuri. „Long-Term Tracking of Multiple Benefits of Participatory Forest Restoration in Marginal Cultural Landscapes in Himalaya“. In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 61–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_4.
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AbstractThe literature is abound with references to the potential of indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) for sustainable landscape management, but empirical on-the-ground efforts that demonstrate this potential are still lacking. To identify interventions for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of forest restoration, participatory trials were set out in the Indian Himalaya, where per capita degraded land far exceeds per capita cropped/healthy forest land. Treatments were designed based on pooled indigenous and scientific knowledge taking into account farm-forest-livelihood interactions in cultural landscapes. The multipurpose tree-bamboo-medicinal herb mixed restoration plantation reached a state of economic benefit/cost ratio >1 in the eighth year and recovered 30–50% of flowering plant species and carbon stock in intact forest. The communities maintained but did not expand restoration in the absence of policies addressing their genuine needs and aspirations. Transformative change for sustainable restoration would include (1) nesting restoration in participatory, long-term, adaptive and integrated landscape development programmes, (2) formally involving communities in planning, monitoring, bioprospecting, and financial management, (3) assuring long-term funding but limited to the inputs unaffordable for local people, (4) stimulating the inquisitive minds of local people by enriching ILK and cultural heritage, (5) convincing policymakers to provide the scientific rationale behind policy stands, to support the regular interactions of communities with researchers, traders, and industrialists, to commit to genuine payment for ecosystem services in unambiguous terms at multiple spatial (household, village and village cluster) and temporal (short, medium and long-term) scales, and to support long-term participatory action research for development of “landscape restoration models” in varied socio-ecological scenarios.
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Serai, Suraj D., und Meng Yin. „MR Elastography of the Abdomen: Basic Concepts“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 301–23. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_18.
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AbstractMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging imaging modality that maps the elastic properties of tissue such as the shear modulus. It allows for noninvasive assessment of stiffness, which is a surrogate for fibrosis. MRE has been shown to accurately distinguish absent or low stage fibrosis from high stage fibrosis, primarily in the liver. Like other elasticity imaging modalities, it follows the general steps of elastography: (1) apply a known cyclic mechanical vibration to the tissue; (2) measure the internal tissue displacements caused by the mechanical wave using magnetic resonance phase encoding method; and (3) infer the mechanical properties from the measured mechanical response (displacement), by generating a simplified displacement map. The generated map is called an elastogram.While the key interest of MRE has traditionally been in its application to liver, where in humans it is FDA approved and commercially available for clinical use to noninvasively assess degree of fibrosis, this is an area of active research and there are novel upcoming applications in brain, kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart, lungs, and so on. A detailed review of all the efforts is beyond the scope of this chapter, but a few specific examples are provided. Recent application of MRE for noninvasive evaluation of renal fibrosis has great potential for noninvasive assessment in patients with chronic kidney diseases. Development and applications of MRE in preclinical models is necessary primarily to validate the measurement against “gold-standard” invasive methods, to better understand physiology and pathophysiology, and to evaluate novel interventions. Application of MRE acquisitions in preclinical settings involves challenges in terms of available hardware, logistics, and data acquisition. This chapter will introduce the concepts of MRE and provide some illustrative applications.This publication is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by another separate chapter describing the experimental protocol and data analysis.
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Meek, Mary E. „Venous Access“. In Interventional Radiology, herausgegeben von Bradley B. Pua, Anne M. Covey und David C. Madoff, 173–81. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276249.003.0016.
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This chapter reviews the characteristics of various types of central venous access catheters, infusaports, and peripherally inserted catheters frequently used in hospitals today. Temporary and long-term dialysis catheters are reviewed as well. Many different types of catheters and devices exist, and the nomenclature can be confusing. Devices are described by their size, materials, number of lumens, type of tips, the presence or absence of a cuff, and occasionally, by brand names. An in-depth understanding of the indications for placement, duration of expected use, and patient comorbidities will allow the interventional radiologist to choose the best device for the patient and treatment team.
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Grand, Julian Le, und Bill New. „What Is Paternalism?“ In Government Paternalism. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164373.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the various definitions of government paternalism and paternalistic policies that political philosophers and others have put forward, with particular emphasis on their strengths and weaknesses. It considers the three components of these definitions: there is interference in the individual's freedom or autonomy; such interference aims to promote the individual's own good; and there is an absence of individual consent. The chapter argues that all these components, especially the first, present conceptual difficulties. It suggests that paternalism must be defined not in terms of intervention or of its consequences, but in terms of (a failure of) individual judgment. It therefore proposes a definition that does not refer to coercion but instead incorporates this view of the government's intention. It concludes that government intervention is paternalistic with respect to an individual if it is intended to address a failure of judgment by that individual and to further the individual's own good.
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Privitera, Donatella. „Sustainable Transport and Quality of Life Analysis of Cycling Impact in Italy“. In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 251–68. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4098-6.ch014.
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In the last 20 years cities have undergone considerable changes. The current phase of expansion, which took place in the absence of demographic pressures, has diluted urban space into functional areas, scattered randomly throughout the area. The authors therefore identify new mobility needs, met mainly by private means, with implications in terms of congestion and air pollution. Sustainable mobility is a priority intervention for the EU. This chapter studies, after a discussion of the importance of sustainable mobility, cycling in Italy from an economic and strategic perspective. Promoting cycling is important for individual health, environmental sustainability, and transport demand management. In Italy, very few people use a bicycle on a regular basis. The analysis relies on national aggregate data as well as case studies of large and small cities in an Italian region.
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Valanejad, Sam, Julia Blackburn und Karen Walker-Bone. „Musculoskeletal conditions, part 3: disorders of upper and lower limbs“. In Fitness for Work, 468–505. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198808657.003.0022.
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Occupational activities can result in certain musculoskeletal disorders due to prolonged repetitiveness, inappropriate ergonomic settings, physical hardship, and acute injuries. These disorders comprise a major portion of sickness absence, presenteeism, and referrals to occupational health services with a significant burden on the economy. Some of these disorders are more common in the ageing workforce, and some can become complicated by the expanding epidemy of obesity. An occupational health practitioner is required to have evidence-based knowledge about these disorders in terms of occupational aetiology, preventative or attenuating measures at workplaces, medical and surgical therapeutic interventions, and relevant rehabilitation processes. This chapter covers most of the common work-related musculoskeletal disorders affecting upper and lower limbs with emphasis on their work implications that can assist occupational health practitioners with providing appropriate recommendations for employers and employees.
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Kvasnicka, Hans Michael, und Jürgen Thiele. „Haematopathology of classic myeloproliferative neoplasms“. In Oxford Specialist Handbook: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, 45–62. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198744214.003.0004.
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The classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) continues to advocate the diagnostic importance of bone marrow (BM) morphology in the diagnostic workup of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). In this regard, distinctive histological BM patterns characterize specific subtypes of MPN and are the key to a meaningful clinical and molecular-defined risk stratification of patients. In this regard, the morphological denominator includes a characteristic megakaryocytic proliferation along with variable changes in the granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Importantly, diagnosis of MPN requires absence of relevant dysgranulopoiesis or dyserythropoiesis. In terms of clinical practice, the concept of precursor stages provides the possibility of an early intervention by appropriate therapeutic regimens that might prevent fatal complications like thrombosis and haemorrhage, especially in early stages of polycythaemia vera or in primary myelofibrosis. However, the WHO classification is not aimed to capture all biological true cases of MPN or guarantee a complete diagnostic specificity and thus might be in need of continuous improvement following clinical experience.
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Galliott, Jai, Jens David Ohlin und Duncan MacIntosh. „Introduction“. In Lethal Autonomous Weapons, 1–6. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197546048.003.0001.
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The question of whether new rules or regulations are required to govern, restrict, or even prohibit the use of autonomous weapon systems—defined by the United States as systems that, once activated, can select and engage targets without further intervention by a human operator or, in more hyperbolic terms, by the dysphemism “killer robots”—has preoccupied government actors, academics, and proponents of a global arms-control regime for the better part of a decade. Many civil-society groups claim that there is consistently growing momentum in support of a ban on lethal autonomous weapon systems, and frequently tout the number of (primarily second world) nations supporting their cause. However, to objective external observers, the way ahead appears elusive, as the debate lacks any kind of broad agreement, and there is a notable absence of great power support. Instead, the debate has become characterized by hyperbole aimed at capturing or alienating the public imagination....
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McAnally, Heath B., Lyn Freeman und Beth Darnall. „Putting It All Together“. In Preoperative Optimization of the Chronic Pain Patient, 239–54. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190920142.003.0011.
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Joint behavioral health and medical care is required for optimal success in preoperative optimization of the chronic pain patient. This effort basically comprises lifestyle modification issues, and habit breaking and replacement do not come easily. Physical and psychological dependence on tobacco, alcohol, and opioids adds to the complexity and requires skilled and individualized intervention. Nonetheless, some basic principles, goals and a template/plan for multidimensional “baby steps” can be implemented in every case. Given that many of these variables (e.g., sleep, exercise, diet, kinesiophobia, etc.) are interdependent, such a multidimensional approach is preferred in terms of efficacy. Correspondingly, current forward-thinking charters such as the US National Pain Strategy recognize that the mainstream passivity-inducing and frequently opioid-reliant chronic pain management culture with its failure to encourage biopsychosocial-spiritual health and proactive solutions fosters dependence on reactive efforts. It is no wonder patients suffering with chronic pain in this country should pursue stronger drugs, more procedures and surgery, which in the absence of improved baseline mind-body health status all too often results in worsening of their pain syndrome and opioid dependence. The individual patient and the system at large require recalibration, focusing on what our forebears called “fitness for surgery.”
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Fiore, Alessio. „Custom“. In The Seigneurial Transformation, 199–225. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825746.003.0009.
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References to ‘bonus usus’ and other terms denoting ‘good custom’ are more common in a rural than an urban context from 1100 onwards. Much attention is devoted to oaths and oath swearers (sacramentales), who appear to have been mainly chosen by signori rather than by local communities, and their role in dispute settlement. Socially oath swearers appear to be members of the upper-middle stratum of village society, the same group that later supplied the consuls of the thirteenth-century rural commune. Collective memory appears to stretch back 40–70 years at which time-frame customs acquired sufficient antiquity to be considered immutable. The act of recalling customs in a public assembly (placitum) served to reinforce community identity and delineate the parameters of seigneurial intervention in local society (rights, privileges, dues). Discussion moves on to the inter-relationship between written and oral custom and the meaning of the term malus usus which together with its antonym bonus usus is seen as key to unlocking the content of political discourse in the countryside. The sense of malus usus is of novelty, lack of precedent, absence of consensus. Interestingly the author shows that what was once perceived as bonus usus could at a later date and in different circumstances be seen as malus usus.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Absence Intervention Teams"
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Rapisarda, Sebastiano, Elena Ghersetti, Damiano Girardi, Nicola Alberto De Carlo und Laura Dal Corso. „SMART WORKING AND ONLINE PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: WORK-FAMILY BALANCE, WELL-BEING, AND PERFORMANCE“. In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact062.
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"During lockdown and the severe restrictions aimed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, in Italy great consideration has been given to “smart working” (SW). This term refers to a form of work characterized by the absence of time or space restrictions and an organization by phases, cycles, and objectives. The requirements for SW are: work must be carried out electronically; the tools must be adequate; performance must be measurable and focused on objectives; employees must have a suitable place to get their work done. These requirements ensure that the essential objectives of SW are attained: replacing the logic of performing tasks with that of achieving objectives; allowing everyone to manage work actively and autonomously; stimulating more decisive accountability in work, and better performance. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, action-research interventions have been conducted by private and public organizations. The private sector has endeavored to meet the requirements described above. This has not always been the case in the public sector, where largely widespread and indiscriminate use of SW has been made, not always complying with the protocols. However, even within the “emergency” limits of these experiences, SW has generally been accepted. The main advantages reported by employees are time and money saved on travel and food, in addition to improved family life. However, some problems have also emerged. These include the perception of social isolation; difficulty in disconnecting from technology; inadequacy of the tools; inadequate communication with managers. We also found that the health conditions of some “smart workers” have worsened in terms of anxiety, sleep disorders, and emotional symptoms. The data clearly show the complexity of analyses and interventions in relation to the SW phenomenon. The protection of employees’ health, especially in terms of recovery and work-family balance, appears to be particularly complex. In this context, the authors’ experience shows that online psychology has become more significant because it allows to support employees at any time. The literature highlights the growing use of online psychological support also through smartphone apps that provide effective interventions anywhere. Therefore, if, on the one hand, the requirements, objectives, and good practices of SW are to be pursued to limit the critical issues that have arisen, on the other, organizations should provide psychological support to employees even at a distance and by using appropriate technologies."
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Searle, T. R. „Assessing the Trustworthiness of Manned and Unmanned Ships“. In Marine Electrical and Control Systems Safety Conference. IMarEST, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-8198.2019.002.
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One of the key challenges ship builders will face when introducing more complex control, and increasing autonomy, is managing the large volume of information that will be available to operators (who may be in a remote location) and providing a level of confidence in the correct operation of the system. Furthermore, ship operators will need to understand the implications of any unexpected or anomalous behaviour in terms of the impact on the capability and operability of the ship. This paper presents a novel strategy for aggregating the large amounts of information, and modulating the information presented to the operator through an independent system of “trustworthiness” assessment. The trustworthiness concept provides a means by which complex decisions can be more easily assessed and actioned in the face of multiple sources of evidence. Complex decisions are broken down into a hierarchy of factors, each of which considers its own sources of evidence and the implication of this evidence on distinct aspects of the ship. In some cases, the data constituting a given source of evidence might not be reliable – it could be noisy, partial, or completely absent. If left un-monitored, this could result in a control system making an incorrect decision based on missing or poor quality input data. The ability to assimilate data whilst conveying any uncertainty or absence of data can guard against poor decision-making. In the presence of a multitude of sensors that all contribute towards a single decision, the trustworthiness concept can combine the outputs, consider the full breadth of the available information, and process them with limited human oversight requirement, to ultimately make more informed decisions in a more timely manner. This calculated value of trust provides useful contextual information valuable for many different purposes. For example, it can be used to modulate the amount of intervention required by the operator, and the level of detail of information presented to them. It can also be used to adjust the size of an exclusion zone for an autonomous ship, to reduce the likelihood of collisions. Our paper/presentation will describe the assessment process and the proposed structure of trustworthiness as applied to the marine industry, and shall provide the audience with examples of how this could be implemented in practice to safely reduce manning requirements on autonomous, or semi-autonomous ships.