Dissertationen zum Thema „Abeilles – Effets des pesticides“
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Coulon, Marianne. „Rôle des intéractions virus/ pesticides dans le déclin des abeilles“. Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0340/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDomestic honeybees are suffering from unprecedented colony losses, which could at term have a strong economic impact, considering their part in crop pollination, notably. These losses are defined as caused by multifactorial stresses. However, the impact of these stresses is usually measured separately, on individuals or colonies. Colonies are known to concentrate pesticides from their environment through collection of pollen and nectar, but they also concentrate pathogens. The study of a co-exposure between thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid insecticide, and two honeybee viruses, DWV and CBPV, has shed light on the existence of interactions between each of these viruses and the pesticide. Different virus transmission methods have been tested to be as close as natural conditions, and a repeatable CBPV transmission method through contact has been developed. Metabolisation kinetics of thiamethoxam have been obtained for the first time, underlining the strong probability for excretion of the metabolite in natural conditions. During caged experiments, the co-exposure experiments between thiamethoxam at high chronic doses and CBPV cause synergistic mortalities, or an increase in viral loads which reached the number of viral copies threshold associated with clinical signs in bees. The varying results between bees from colonies kept in different conditions underlined a stress tolerance effect yet to be studied in the honeybee. In parallel, co-exposure in colonies between sublethal doses of thiamethoxam and DWV caused extremely precocious first foraging trips in bees, as well as large proportions of bees never returning to the hive after their firs exit, which both could in the end have a devastating effect on the colonies. The study of gene transcripts suggests that the obtained effects on CBPV viral loads could be due to a negative effect of thiamethoxam on dorsal-1a, an immune factor, and the precocious trips to a significant down-regulation of vitellogenin, which takes part in honeybee aging, cause by DWV. The development of molecular clones of DWV and a DWV recombinant was initiated, which will in the future allow for reverse genetics studies on this virus, which will help explain their transmission and infection mechanisms that are still unknown to this day
Sukkar, Dani. „Role of Nosema cerenae and pesticides on the decline of bees : Studies using a multifactorial approach : “Tipping the scale of honeybee immune responses - The effect of pesticides on immune-stimulation mimicking Nosema spp.”“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHoneybee are facing the global threat of colony collapse disorder (CCD) leading colony deaths and decline in their numbers affecting their environmental and agronomic contribution in pollination of plants and commercial crops in addition to honey production. Pesticide exposure may be of the main causes leading to CCD by weakening the immune system of honeybees and impairing their immune responses. Nosemosis diseases caused by Nosema spp. may have a significant contribution to CCD when bees are exposed to different pesticides simultaneously. Multiple risk factors are assessed in this study including the most used neonicotinoids worldwide, imidacloprid and amitraz which is the pesticide used directly in contact with honeybees to treat mite infection. Th effect of these pesticides is evaluated at the level of immune stimulation by zymosan A to mimic Nosema infection. The effect of pesticides on antimicrobial cells products, cellular responses and related genes' expression are demonstrated
Lambert, Olivier. „Contamination chimique de matrices apicoles au sein de ruchers appartenant à des structures paysagères différentes“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833765.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenzi, Maria Teresa. „Effects of pesticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) : study of a specific route of exposure and evaluation of biochemical-physiological changes in the assessment of the pesticides toxicity“. Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002986.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlmasri, Hanine. „Toxicologie des mélanges de pesticides chez des abeilles exposées à un agent pathogène : action combinée de l'agent pathogène Nosema ceranae, de l'insecticide imidaclopride, du fongicide difénoconazole et de l'herbicide glyphosate Mixtures of an insecticide, a fungicide and a herbicide induce high toxicities and systemic physiological disturbances in winter Apis mellifera honey bees Toxicity of the pesticides imidacloprid, difenoconazole and glyphosate alone and in binary and ternary mixtures to winter honey bees: effects on survival and antioxidative defenses Toxicological status changes the susceptibility of the honey bee Apis mellifera to a single fungicidal spray application Physiological effects of the interaction between Nosema ceranae and sequential and overlapping exposure to glyphosate and difenoconazole in the honey bee Apis mellifera“. Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0722.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurrent scientific findings suggest a decline in the diversity and abundance of insects, including the honey bee Apis mellifera. The latter are facing high colony losses in several regions of the world such as Western Europe and the United States. Numerous studies suggest that the origin of bee colony decline is multi-causal and identify pesticides and pathogens as the main contributors to this decline. Co-exposure of honey bees to multiple pesticides and infection by multiple pathogens are common phenomena. However, research on the effects of pesticide mixtures has not been extensively developed. Thus, the thesis work has focused on determining the toxicity of pesticide mixtures, applied at environmental exposure levels, in the presence of pathogens. The choice was made to study the interactions between a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, an azole fungicide, difenoconazole, and a herbicide, glyphosate, in the presence of the pathogen Nosema ceranae. The results of the different studies, carried out during this thesis, reveal the complexity of the studies on pesticide mixtures. The work allowed us to notice that the effects of a pesticide mixture can vary according to the concentrations of the pesticides constituting the mixture. The increase of the number of substances and the level of exposure does not necessarily induce an increase of the toxicity of the mixture. Furthermore, the effects of the mixture may vary depending on the sequence of exposure to the different pesticides and the health status of the honey bees. Pesticide mixtures affect the physiological state of individuals as a result of a systemic response related to disturbances of general mechanisms such as oxidative stress. However, these three pesticides, alone and in mixtures, have no effect on the installation of the intestinal microbiota at environmental exposure levels
Kairo, Guillaume. „Effets des stresseurs environnementaux sur la reproduction de l’abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.) : action par une exposition des mâles“. Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0678/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a context of honey bee decline, an impoverishment of queen quality, resulting in abnormal brood production and early queen renewal, has been observed worldwide. Hence, the assumption was made that fertility impairment of drones exposed to environmental stressors could explain the queen failure observed in apiaries. In order to test this assumption, original approaches to rear drones were developed in laboratory and semi-field conditions. These approaches enabled to show that the systemic insecticide Fipronil, the pathogen microsporidia Nosema ceranae and their combination disrupt drone physiology in different ways, including an impairment of the semen quality. In addition, results have highlighted the high sensitivity of the reproductive function of drone to all of these stress factors. The instrumental insemination of young queens with semen of drones exposed to Fipronil has shown a decrease in the reproductive potential of queens that resulted from a lower number and viability of spermatozoa stored in their spermatheca. Consequently, considering that the spermathecal content determines the egg-laying ability and the lifespan of queens, the risk of queen failure and colony dysfunction is higher. Thus, reproductive disorders, linked to a fertility decline of drones continuously exposed to numerous environmental stressors, could explain, at least in part, the phenomenon of honey bee decline. Thereby, an assessment of the reproductive toxicity of pollutants, including pesticides, to which drones are potentially exposed, should be considered in a future regulatory framework. In this way, the innovative methods and approaches developed in the frame of this work could represent pertinent bases to elaborate new toxicological tests that could be used in the registration procedure of pesticides
Bordier, Célia. „Le stress chez l’abeille domestique (Apis mellifera) : analyse des modifications physiologiques et comportementales“. Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0687/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHoneybees (Apis mellifera), which play an important role in natural and agronomic ecosystems, are exposed to a growing number of environmental pressures(new parasites, pesticides, climatechangeand poor nutrition). In this context, deciphering the mechanisms underlying stress responses and their costs becomes crucial to better understand theim pact of these pressures. Stress usually represents a challenge to the homeostasis of a norganism. In response, a cascade of physiological and behavioural adaptations enables the organism to cope with the stress. However, dueto their sociallife style, we could suggest that stress response in honeybees will occurin the interest of the colony and not only in the interest of the individual. To characterise the stress response and determine its specificity according to the stimulus (xenobiotic, immune, thermal, social), I developed a multidisciplinary approach to identify changes in i) task-related physiology, ii) energetic metabolism, and iii) behaviour. I demonstrated that, regardless of their social function (nurse, guard, forager), bees respond in the sameway to a given stress, if itis ecologically-relevant (heat and immune stress but not pesticides). Atendencytoward decreas ingenergetic resources was also observed following stress exposure, which suggests changes in behavioural performance.In order to test this hypothesis, I analysed changes in foraging activity in response to stress, as insect flight is one of the most costly physiological processes in the animal kingdom. I found that for aging performances were affected by animmune stress : bees changed their foraging preferences at the expense of pollen, probably to reduce the stress energetic cost, given that pollen is more costly to collect and provides alower energetic return than nectar. In contrast, in response to heat stress, an increase in colony for aging activity was observed, without an additional cost on resource collection. These results are discussed in the light of stress energetic cost and its potential consequences onhoneybee performances, which could disrupt the colony’s energetic homeostasis
Baldi, Isabelle. „Effets neurologiques centraux chroniques des expositions professionnelles aux pesticides“. Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28621.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarrié, Romain. „Hétérogénéité des paysages et des pratiques agricoles - Effets sur la diversité des abeilles sauvages et la pollinisation“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0104/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ecological and agricultural importance of wild bees in farmlands stresses the needs for management strategies for these insect pollinators. Wild bees use multiple habitats in agricultural landscapes, such as semi-natural habitats (woodlands, hedgerows, permanent grasslands) and crop fields. This study aims to characterize the community structure of wild bees and assess pollination delivery along gradients of landscape heterogeneity – based on the composition and configuration of semi-natural habitats – and landscape-wide intensity of farming practices. Using a trait-based approach, based on traits determining resource-use by wild bee species, we showed that i) the least mobile species, solitary bees and ground-nesting species were more abundant in crop fields surrounded by large amounts of little-fragmented permanent grasslands, ii) crop fields surrounded by high amount of woodland edges supported a greater abundance of little-mobile bee species, late-emerging bees, social bees and polylectic bees, iii) oligolectic bee species were filtered out in highly forested landscapes, because these species could thrive on resources provided by the crop mosaic. We also found that the positive effect of the proportion of semi-natural habitats on bee diversity was greater in landscapes with intensively managed crop mosaic. Moreover, we showed that the local intensity of farming practices had as much influence on bee diversity as the proportion of semi-natural habitats. Finally, we showed that, depending on situations, the abundance fluctuations of dominant bee species or the occurrence of an assemblage of uncommon bee species can explain variations in pollination success. In the cases where pollination success responded to the occurrence of uncommon species, the proportion of semi-natural habitats had a positive influence on pollination delivery provided by wild bees. This study shows the importance of some uncommon species, dependent on semi-natural habitats, for pollination delivery but also the positive relationship between the abundance of some species groups and the proportion of semi-natural habitats. This work therefore confirms the hypothesis that semi-natural habitats sustain the diversity of wild bee communities and pollination delivery. However, the positive effect of semi-natural habitats on bee diversity depends on farming practices at the local and landscape scale. Therefore, recommendations on the management of landscape heterogeneity and changes in farming practices cannot be given independently from each other
Kim, Tiam Sandra. „Effets de mélanges de pesticides sur les biofilms périphytiques d'eau douce“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMesnage, Robin. „Effets sur la santé d’un pesticide et des OGM à pesticides“. Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlyphosate-based herbicides are the most used pesticides worldwide, their use is increasing with GM crops that are designed to tolerate their residues. A review of the scientific literature and of the tests carried out by pesticide companies showed that the health effects assessment of Roundup and GMOs is insufficient. Their long-term effects were never evaluated until we made our own experience. In this study, Roundup and a GMO (NK603) increased the mammary tumors incidence, and also impacted livers and kidneys of rats from low environmental doses. These effects are due to the neglecting of hormonal and sex-specific effects, and of the toxicity of adjuvants which are mistakenly considered inert in pesticide formulations. Ethoxylated adjuvants are 10. 000 times more toxic than glyphosate on human cells, and are thus good candidates to explain the chronic toxic effects of Roundup. We have demonstrated that the neglecting of adjuvants is a general feature of pesticide toxicology. These gaps lead to an under-estimation of the Acceptable Daily Intake of Roundup. Bt toxins are the second most common type of pesticide associated with GMOs. We evidenced their toxicity to human cells, by contrast to all preconceived ideas used in the regulations without scientific evidence of innocuity. All these studies have given rise to heated debates that have revealed how conflicts of interests in the assessment of side effects can lead to health risks
Bretaud, Sandrine. „Effets neurotoxiques de pesticides chez le carassin dore (carassius auratus l. )“. Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuivet, Étienne. „Analyse du comportement environnemental de pesticides“. Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYan, Zhixing. „Biodisponibilité et effets secondaires d' herbicides sulfonylurées dans les sols“. Perpignan, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PERP0088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCabry-Goubet, Rosalie. „Impact des facteurs environnementaux sur la fertilité : rôles du tabac et des pesticides“. Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObjectives : The main aim of our PhD subject was the evaluation of smoking and pesticides exposure impacts on infertile couples seeking for ART fertility. Secondary objectives were the investigation of smoking impact on infertile couples IVF parameters and to establish if there is any relation between nicotine (main cigarettes compund) and cotinine (main nicotine metabolite) state on follicular fluids of smoking and IVF parameters. Method : This work was based on different observational studies, after which we proposed a comparative, descriptive, monocentric and prospective study of two groups of our patient: fertile and infertile. For this, we included patients who responded to a toxical exposition questionnaire, with the set up of samples banking including blood, urine, hairs, follicular fluids and seminal plasma to test nicotine, cotinine and pesticides levels. Results : Our primary observations reported a clear relation between the impact of smoking impact on women infertility. We observed also an important passive contribution of smoking exposition on infertile couples. Our data showed a decrease of fertilization rate diminution from smoking men and lower quality of early embryo from smoking women. The anlysis of nicotine and cotinine levels in follicular fluids showed better correlation between cotinine with the impact of active and/or passive smoking than nicotine. About pesticides exposures, we observed significant higher infertile couples leaving near corn fields with clear correlation between high level of pesticides geographic zone exposition and centrally granulated metaphase II oocyte cytoplasm and more pregnancies losses in case of pregnancy. Concerning endocrine disruptor exposition, we showed a upper exposition of infertile compared to fertile couples on older life's place and on more than six women hair dye realisation. Regular tap water was associated with infertile couples rate. Conclusion : Smoking and pesticides exposure are two important parameters to be considered and investigated during infertile couples management
Vigreux, Carole. „Etude des dommages à l'ADN et des altérations cytogénétiques consécutifs à une exposition à des produits phytosanitaires, à l'aide de modèles expérimentaux et chez un groupe d'agriculteurs volontaires professionnellement exposés“. Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN4073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoly, Condette Claire. „Impact d'une exposition chronique au chlorpyriphos sur le développement, la maturation de l'intestin et le microbiote : approches in vivo (rat) et in vitro (SHIME®)“. Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIED001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHumans are exposed on a daily basis to pesticide residues that contaminate the environment and food products. Given that the digestive tract is the first organ to contact food, it is particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of food contaminants. When exposure takes place during fetal and postnatal development, the impacts may be particularly harmful. We studied a variety of different parameters within the intestinal tract, in order to determine whether and how contact with a pesticide can alter the maturation and function of the digestive system. Animal models (rats) were continuously exposed to low doses of chlorpyrifos (CPF) during the entire gestational and neonatal periods (during which the digestive system develops and matures). The pup were studied at weaning (D21) and at 60 days of age (D60). In parallel, an in vitro study was carried out by using an artificial model of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (the SHIME® device). Our data demonstrate that chronic ingestion of low-dose CPF during a pup's development is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and elevated bacterial translocation to sterile organs. Our results highlighted functional impairments in animals exposed to CPF in utero and during lactation, including increased intestinal permeability (as evidenced by the enhanced passage of FITC-dextran, and altered expression of tight junction proteins). Furthermore, these functional impairments were correlated with morphological changes in the intestinal tissues. The CPF-associated changes in the digestive system were more marked in immature animals (D21) but persisted (albeit at a lower intensity) over time (up to D60). Lastly, we hypothesize that the harmful effects of chronic, low-dose exposure to CPF may impact other physiological functions
Alhaddad, Samar. „Le comportement alimentaire de la reine d'abeilles chez Apis mellifica ligustica“. Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30137.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBendahou, Najib, und Michel Bounias. „Toxicologie comparée de deux classes d'insecticides : un organophosphore le fénitrothion et un pyréthrinoïde "la cyperméthrine" chez l'abeille mellifère (Apis mellifera mellifera. L.) : études au laboratoire et sur le terrain“. Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Bendahou.Najib.SMZ9449.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this thesis is to study comparatively the toxicity of two insecticides, cypermethrin and fenitrothion on honeybees (Apis mellifera mellifera. L). Following a general bibliography synthesis, the first chapter presents a comparative evaluation of the two insecticides, including the use of a new algebraic concepts from the Hill equation as an alternative to LD50. This new toxicological parameters allows a strong evaluation of the toxicity of any substance, and can be used to compare and to classify many compounds with rspect to their relative toxicity, while completely avoiding the problem of arbitrary choices in the calculation of LD50. In concordance to theses news parameters, cypermethrin seems to be more toxic than fenitrothion. The second chapter shows the impact of cypermethrin and fenitrothion on the haemolymph carbohydrates (glucose and trehalose) where these two insecticides induced a serious damage. Both (Na+, K+)ATPase and Acétylcholinesterase were also affected by these two insecticides, however cypermethrin did not induce any significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase comparatively to the fenitrothion's action. The last chapter deals with field studies showing many perturbations occuring in treated hives in contrast to control ones on : foraging activity, hive'smortality, bees behaviour, brood areas, glucosemia and threhalosemia and ATPase of the colonies fed continuousely by cypermethrin at subletal doses
Huet, Martial. „Estimation de la pollution par le tributylétain (TBT) en Bretagne occidentale à l'aide d'un bioindicateur imposex chez Nucella Lapillus (L. )“. Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChaumet, Betty. „Transfert et distribution des pesticides dans les biofilms en lien avec les effets toxiques associés“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0223/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 2000, the Water Framework Directive required the return of rivers to good chemical and ecological status. In particular, it has classified 45 substances as priority for this assessment (Directive 2013/39/EU), including a large proportion of pesticides. Indeed, due to their massive use, these contaminants are now found in all compartments of the environment. In addition, given its ability to integrate contamination, biofilm is considered an excellent bioindicator for water quality assessment. It is at the base of the trophic chain in aquatic environments and is composed of microorganisms (microalgae, bacteria, fungi, etc...) embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).This thesis focused on the analysis of mechanisms of pesticide transfer and distribution in biofilms related to toxic impacts. This work was carried out using a toxicokinetic approach whereby the bioaccumulation of diuron (a photosynthesis inhibitor herbicide) was monitored in the different compartments of the biofilm. This assessment was carried out under several abiotic conditions (flow velocity, temperatures and photoperiods) under varying exposure durations. In parallel, functional and structural descriptors were measured as photosynthetic (for autotrophic communities) and enzymatic (for heterotrophic communities) activities, as well as biofilm biomass and protein and polysaccharide production.All the experiments performed during this thesis made it possible to highlight the sorption mechanisms of diuron in biofilm, i.e. absorption processes by cells and adsorption phenomenon within the EPS matrix. Then the influence of the different environmental parameters studied was emphasized. This work demonstrates the relevance of the toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic approach to the study of the impact of pesticides on fluvial biofilms
El, Khayat El Sabbouri Hiba. „Impacts d'un pesticide, le chlorpyriphos (CPF), et d'un régime riche en graisses "High Fat Diet" sur l'activité contractile du muscle lisse digestif et strié diaphragmatique“. Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChlorpyrifos (CPF) is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting organophosphorus insecticide. CPF exposure is harmful during the perinatal period and adulthood. Such developmental perturbations are linked to disorders in adults. Maternal obesity associated to pesticides exposure can program children’s metabolism and promote obesity onset. The first model assessed the effects of CPF exposure for 6 weeks in adult rats on diaphragm function. The second examined the impacts of perigestational exposure of dams to CPF and/or high-fat diet (HFD) during 4 months before gestation till the end of the lactation. Respiratory and intestinal functions were studied in young adult pups at postnatal day 60. We showed that CPF exposure to adults increased diaphragm contractility and fatigability associated with lower AChE activity and altered hormonal regulation and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms composition. Perigestational exposure to CPF and/or HFD increased the sleep apnea index and diaphragm contractility. These changes can be ascribed to prolonged cholinergic transmission, altered sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release/uptake function, and elevated expression of MHC isoforms mRNA. Perigestational CPF exposure increased ileal muscles contractility through cholinergic and non-cholinergic mechanisms involving muscarinic m2 acetylcholine receptor and substance P. Exposure to CPF and/or HFD reduced ileal AChE activity. Despite the lack of direct exposure, perigestational exposure to CPF and/or HFD programs the risks for altered respiratory and intestinal functions in young adult offspring. Besides, CPF exposure in adults affects diaphragm physiological function
Canal-Raffin, Mireille. „Pesticides et voies respiratoires : étude in vitro et in vivo des effets biologiques induits par des particules de folpel“. Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21477.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFolpet fungicide is widely used in vineyards. Slightly water-soluble, it is present under particle form in the environment. In France, it has been detected in the ambient air of rural and urban areas. However, health risk is unknown for vineyard workers and/or the general population exposed by inhalation. The objective of this thesis was to assess the importance of the respiratory tract in the probably health impact of folpet on human. This work aimed (1) to determine the physicochemical characteristics of particles coming from the use of a folpet commercial form (Folpan 80WG®) ; (2) to evaluate their biological effects on the respiratory tract in vitro using cells culture and (3) in vivo by intratracheal instillation to rats ; (4) to study the systemic passage of folpet and its degradation products from the respiratory tract. We reported that under typical conditions of Folpan 80WG® use, the majority of particles have a size below 5 µm and thus can be inhaled. In vitro, these particles induce a rapid cytotoxic effect and generate oxidative stress and membrane lipid peroxidation. In vivo, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary inflammation were detected. An assay method was developed and allowed to determine the toxicokinetic of folpet after intratracheal instillation. This method could be used for the biological monitoring of workers exposed to folpet. The results reported in this thesis confirmed the importance of the respiratory tract in folpet exposure in term of pulmonary toxicity and way of penetration
Blanc-Lapierre, Audrey. „Effets chroniques des pesticides sur le système nerveux central : données épidémiologiques en milieu agricole“. Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21958/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiven the number of exposed persons, long term effects of pesticides are a foremost Public Health concern. However their study raises complex methodological issues. Our objective was to contribute to the knowledge of the pesticide chronic effects on the central nervous system by exploring the role of organophosphate insecticides in occurence of cognitive disorders by an innovative epidemiological approach. Two exposure assessment tools were developed (a crop exposure matrix: PESTIMAT and algorithms based on field studies: PESTEXPO) to estimate the lifetime cumulated exposure to 34 organophosphate insecticides used in vineyards, taking into account pesticide exposure during tasks (mixing, spraying, cleaning, re-entry) performed by wine-growers. These tools were used in the framework of the first follow-up (2001-2003) of the PHYTONER cohort, initiated in 1997 by the enrollment of 925 workers affiliated to the farmer health insurance system in Gironde, France. Cumulative organophosphate exposure defined by an index using the two tools was associated with poor cognitive performances, particularly for tests exploring the visual working memory and the processing speed. Risk level varied depending on the organophosphate, and was more pronounced for mevinphos. This thesis supports the hypothesis that cognitive impairment may be associated with pesticide occupational use and raises the question of a further evolution towards dementia. It also demonstrated the feasibility and the relevance of an approach based on chemical specific exposure scores to analyze health effects
El, Atmani Khadija. „Media photocatalytiques pour applications solaires : photominéralisation de pesticide-le pyrimethanil“. Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePesce, Stéphane. „Effets de pesticides sur l'activité et la diversité des communautés microbiennes d'un milieu lotique récepteur“. Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21705.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChapitre C : Evolution des communautés microbiennes dans un cours d'eau soumis à l'apport régulier de pesticides (Jauron, Puy-de-Dôme). Comparaison au cours de 2 années successives (2003 et 2004)
Stachowski-Haberkorn, Sabine. „Méthodes d’évaluation de l’impact de pesticides sur le phytoplancton marin et le naissain d’huître creuse“. Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this work was the study of pesticide effects on natural communities of coastal phytoplankton and on oyster spat, using in situ microcosms. Microbial communities were exposed in situ to 6 pesticides (4 herbicides, 1 insecticide and 1 fongicide) at 4 concentrations (0. 1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L of active substance). The microcosm content was analysed using 3 methods: (i) Temporal Temperature Gradient gel Flectrophoresis (TTGE) provides prokaryote and eukaryote community genetic fingerprints; (ii) flow cytometry allows the discrimination of photosynthetic populations; iii) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) provides pigment fingerprints of thephotosynthetic communities. No effect was detected when communities were exposed to 0. 1 μg/L of each 6 pesticides. However, the 3 herbicides Basamaïs, Roundup Frontier, and the insecticide Dursban 4 are likely to represent a danger for microbial communities froml μg/L. Young oyster spat was exposed in situ to Basamaïs and to the fongicide Opus. The results show a synergistic effect of the mixture at 10 μg/L on spat growth, with treated spat growth being half the control value. No effects were detected when both pesticides were tested separately at 10 μg/L. This work shows that some pesticides can generate possible adverse effects in coastal areas. Roundup effects must be pointed out as they were detected at environmentally realistic concentrations. The results observed using oyster spat raise the issue of interactions between chemicals in the natural environment. Therefore, the relevance of reglementary toxicity thresholds, that do not include such possible substance interactions, should be re-examined
Tasselli, Chevalier Maddalena. „Effets de la roténone sur le système nerveux entérique“. Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b5034f4f-3458-46e3-a560-4c40d745e169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second disease in term of frequency: its prevalence is estimated to be 1,8% of the population aged over 65. PD is a specific neurodegenerative pathology targeting the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and associated with the presence of intracellular proteins aggregates, termed Lewy bodies in the remaining surviving neurons. Remarquably alpha-synuclein, a protein involved in familial forms of PD, has been described to be the main component of Lewy bodies. The lack of dopamine is mainly responsible of the motors symptoms, nonetheless recent studies showed the possibility of an extra-nigral injury. Recently the enteric nervous system (ENS) has received a particular interest for different reasons: (i) it has a functional and anatomical organisation similar to the CNS, (ii) it is involved in the pathological process before the CNS, (iii) it is responsible of digestive disorders. It has been proposed that PD results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Among those environmental toxins, rotenone has been proposed to play a central role in the pathophysiological process. It may be able to penetrate the organism either by respiratory and digestive tract. During my thesis my work has been focused the effects of rotenone on the ENS both in vitro using a rat primary culture and in vivo using an oral intoxication animal model
Reyes, Perez Eneida. „Chimie multiphasique des pesticides dans l'air : distribution et photoréactivité“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the environmental fate of pesticides, particularly in the atmosphere. We are interested on their partitioning between the different phases of the atmosphere and their photolysis in the environment. The partitioning between aqueous and gaseous phases in the atmosphere depends on the Henry’s law constant (H) while the partitioning between atmospheric particulate and gaseous phases is related to their vapor pressure. Henry’s law constants of two widely used herbicides, namely EPTC and trifluralin, were determined as a function of temperature (278 – 293 K) using a device based on a dynamic air/water equilibrium. The obtained results are the first experimental temperature dependence of H for trifluralin and the second one for EPTC. The measurements performed between 278 and 293 K have been used to determine the Van't Hoff expressions of H for both compounds and the corresponding enthalpies of solvation. Our data obtained at 283 K have also helped to calculate that only 0. 3% of gaseous EPTC and 0. 8% of gaseous trifluralin could be scavenged by clouds droplets, which can be considered as negligible. Thus, EPTC and trifluralin are almost exclusively present in the gas phase where degradation takes place through photochemical reactions [. . . ]
Pons, Romain. „Etude sur les déterminants professionnels agricoles et leurs effets sur la reproduction et le développement de l'enfant“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC430/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgricultural exposures, including pesticide exposure, have been associated with several negative effects on fertility, pregnancy and child development. Few studies focused on specific agricultural activity excepted floriculture and working in greenhouse and none was conducted in France. (1) More than 800 women, enroled in the AGRIculture & CANcer (AGRICAN) cohort and who reported a pregnancy since enrolment (2005) agreed to fill in 2 questionnaires. An increase of time to pregnancy was observed for women who worked on a farm, for those exposed to night work and to vibrations. Increased risks of spontaneous abortions or abnormalities were also observed in relation to agricultural work but these results need to be confirmed. (2) Multi-residue analytical method was developed and applied to women of childbearing age, working in crop-livestock farms. Twenty-five pesticides or metabolites were detected among 116 measured in urine samples. Herbicides were the most frequently detected, especially when women worked on corn-crop farms or were involved in breeding tasks. Glyphosate or its metabolite AMPA were detected in 85% of urine samples.Future project will allow us to investigate cognitive development of children born since 2005
Soltani, Noureddine. „Effets d'un régulateur de croissance, le diflubenzuron, sur le développement et la reproduction de deux insectes : Tenebrio Molitor (coléoptère) et Cydia Pomonella (lépidoptère)“. Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMamane, Ali. „Effets sanitaires aigus de l'exposition aux pesticides en milieu rural : étude dans un pays du nord : étude PhytoRiv : étude dans un pays du sud : PhytoNiger“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0087/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePesticides are widely used in agriculture worldwide. However, it is now recognised thatoccupational pesticide exposure, especially in agriculture, can pose serious health concerns. Weaimed to study short term respiratory symptoms in general populations exposed to pesticidesused in agriculture.Here we present results of two epidemiological studies, Phytoriv, performed in Bordeaux area,France, and Phytoniger, performed in a Sahelian African country, both among rural adult andchildren populations.Higher pesticide levels in ambient air were observed in the surrounding of vineyards in Phytoriv.However, no major effect was observed on resident’s respiratory health. This need to beconfirmed by studies with improved temporal and spatial exposure assessment.Phytoniger allowed us to show the feasibility of environmental health studies in a developingcountry. Unauthorized and hazardous pesticides are widely used in Niger, for agricultural as wellas for residential purposes, and concerns are growing on their potential health effects. Some ofthe short term respiratory symptoms were more frequent in the agricultural wetland area,compared to the Sahelian agro-pastoral area. Pesticides are more susceptible to be used in thefirst area, but it is also more subject to mosquito control fires.Finally in both surveys, higher risks of respiratory symptoms have been observed for peopleliving in houses treated with indoor pesticides, and especially in children.All these results warrants further studies to improve assessment of sources, exposure levels anddeterminants of pesticide exposure in the general population, in order to improve knowledge onits respiratory and short term health effects. Thus, relevant public health interventions could beperformed
Marc, Julie. „Effets toxiques d'herbicides à base de glyphosate sur la régulation du cycle cellulaire et le développement précoce en utilisant l'embryon d'oursin“. Rennes 1, 2004. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01117570.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLors, Christine. „Impact des produits phytosanitaires sur la diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle de la microflore du sol : cas du dinitro-o-cresol“. Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Lors.Christine.SMZ9709.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe impact of herbicides on the soil microflora was studied through the effect of a model molecule : the DNOC. We first considered the influence of the DNOC on the growth of pure strains of microorganisms selected in 3 microbial groups. Two of the three were defined by their taxonomic position (Rhizobia and Pseudomonas), the third by its functional ability to degrade 2. 4-D. This approach showed that Rhizobia were sensitive, pseudomonas were resistant and 2. 4-D degraders had very different responses to DNOC. This suggests that, in the soil, 2. 4-D degraders may be exposed to important modifications in their diversity with functional consequences. But, this approach cannot reflect what really happens in the soil where physico-chemical and biological protections probably limit the impact of pollutants. That is the reason why, in a second time, we studied the DNOC impact on the structure of two subsets of the soil microbial community : bacteria growing on a non-selective medium and on a medium with 2. 4-D as the main carbon and energy source. We can clearly see that DNOC has destructurating effects on both groups : a diminution of the number of species and a selection of gram negative bacteria. The only difference is in the velocity of the answer which occurs as soon as 7 days for the "total population" and 14 days for the "2. 4-D degraders". Moreover, diversity indices calculated on both morphologic and genetic criteria vary similarly for both populations. We showed a long term based but irreversible convergence of the evolution of control and treated soil samples towards a diminution of the number of microbial species. The DNOC effect ont the metabolic diversity of the total population and on 2. 4-D degraders was then studied. We studied showed that DNOC presence in the soil could modify the metabolic signature of a microbial community defined by the ability to degrade different substrates. The effect is such, that we could consider it as a possible indicator of the ecotoxicological impact of toxic molecules. Functional changes due to the presence of a biocidaal molecule were investigated through its effect on the 2. 4-D degradation in micro-samples. DNOC inhibits the degradation even at low doses where a stepwise effect is observed. This work demonstrates that the soil microbial population reacts to the presence of a chemical pollutant such as the DNOC by a functional and specific adaptation
Anthérieu, Sébastien. „Rôle des MAP kinases ERK1/2 et du stress oxydant dans la perturbation de l'homéostasie épidermique par les pesticides organochlorés“. Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOrganochlorine pesticides (OC) constitute a major health concern because of their prolonged persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and potential carcinogen effects in humans. The aim of the current study was to investigate the toxicological effects of OCs on human keratinocytes. First, our works showed that OC induced the ERK ½ and JNK signalling pathways implied in cellular survival, stress and death. Moreover, OC induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which played a critical role in the sustained ERK ½ phosphorylation in the nucleus. Under sustained ERK ½ activation, cell growth was decreased and we observed a reduction of cyclins A, B1 and D expression. This study demonstrates that the ROS generation by endosulfan is implied in the production of DNA strand breaks in HaCaT cells, and that this compound inhibits apoptosis via a ROS-independent mechanism. Furthermore, the impacts of endosulfan on epidermal differentiation processes were studied through a transcriptomic approach. The results showed transcriptional perturbations of genes proliferation and death (cyclin B1, TRAIL), as well as in signalling transduction pathways (MKP3, JNK2). They support that endosulfan is mutagenic and is responsible of perturbations of the MAP kinases pathways regulation, and consequently epidermal homeostasis. These alterations could contribute to mutant cell survival and therefore have possible carcinogenic effects
Delpuech, Jean-Marie. „Variabilités génétique et épigénétique de la drosophile sous pression biotique (parasitoïdes) et xénobiotique (insecticides)“. Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDruart, Coline. „Effets des pesticides de la vigne sur le cycle biologique de l'escargot dans divers contextes d'exposition“. Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662413.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBordjiba, Ouahiba. „Effets des pesticides sur la microflore fongique du sol : biodégradation des herbicides par les souches isolées“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE18006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDhiab, Hana. „Pluralisme des services de conseil et verrouillage technologique.Le cas de la réduction des pesticides dans la filière de plants de pomme de terre en France“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe adverse effects of pesticides on health and the environment are well known and different regulations aim at decreasing their use in the agricultural sector in France and Europe. However, this use does not decrease in practice. Agriculture is as of yet characterized in academic literature by a technological lock-in on an intensive use of pesticides. Analyses of technological lock-in have shown that one solution is to produce knowledge on alternative techniques. In this regard, agricultural advisory services have a key role. These services have, nonetheless, undergone profound organisational transformations in European countries, leading to a greater pluralism of agricultural service providers.This PhD research questions the performance of farm advisory services and their capacity to produce knowledge on alternative farming practices that does not require an intensive use of pesticides. This work is based on advances from institutional economics dealing with knowledge intensive business services (KIBS). It presents a conceptual and methodological framework developed to analyse the diversity of service suppliers, their partnerships and their conception of the performance of advisory services. The research draws on case studies in the French potato seed industry
Gandar, Allison. „Réponse aux stress multiples chez les poissons : effets croisés de la température et des cocktails de pesticides“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30310/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCrossed-effects between climate change and chemical pollutions were identified on community structure and ecosystem functioning. Temperature rising affect the toxic properties of pollutants and the sensitiveness of organisms to chemicals stress. Inversely, chemical exposure may decrease the thermal tolerance of ectothermic species, as fish. In this context, we studied the response of a biological model in aquatic toxicology, the goldfish (Carassius auratus), to individual and combined chemical and thermal stresses. In this aim, we exposed the goldfish to environmental relevant concentrations of herbicide and fungicide mixtures at two temperatures for 96 hours or 16 days. The fish responses were assessed from the molecular level to individual endpoints, including omic approaches (proteomic and metabolomic), biochemical analyses (cortisol, antioxidant defenses, cellular energy allocation), indexes (somatic and condition factors) and behavioral assays (sediment reworking, activity, exploration and feeding). Our results showed that individual chemical or thermal stresses induced a general stress response including biochemical, metabolic, physiological and behavioral compensations. The absence of deleterious effect on the global condition of fish suggested the implementation of an efficient and adaptive stress response, while the hypoactivity of fish exposed to pesticide mixtures could entrain a decreased performance and fitness into the wild. At the opposite, the combined chemical and thermal stresses induced reciprocal inactivation of the stress response, with antagonism effect on cortisol secretion, antioxidant defense induction and metabolic compensation. However, increased effect on behavioral traits and decreased global condition of fish were observed. Our study showed that temperature rising sensitized fish to pesticide exposure. Finally, inhibited stress response in fish exposed to pesticide cocktails raises concerns about species conservation an ecosystem under multiple pressures
Bergeron, Sandra. „Effets d'un mélange d'ingrédients actifs de pesticides sur l'activation de la voie du récepteur aux hydrocarbures d'aryle“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCherrier, Richard. „Impact sur l'environnement de deux herbicides du maïs : la sulcotrione et l'atrazine : influence du changement d'apports organiques“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL076N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study investigates the process at the origin of the become of sulcotrione in soil. We did investigate also the effect of various agricultural amendments on the dynamic of the molecule, in comparison to atrazine's. Adsorption characteristics of the molecules on soil were determined by the experiments led in batch. Degradation was followed through time in controlled conditions with incubation as weil as in natural conditions thanks to soil columns. These last were used to assess also leaching of the molecules. Results show a weak affinity of the sulcotrione with soil constituents (23% of the applied dose) as well as an easy desorption (99% of the applied dose) leading a weak hysteresis. It degradation in controlled conditions as well as natural was fairly rapid (20% mineralization, 40% of extractible residues and 30% of bound residues after 60 days). This led to the apparition of two metabolites with mainly CMBA. Percolates obtained in soil columns did confmn the mobility properties of the sulcotrione (14% of the applied dose) after a period of one month. The changes in organic amendments highlighted that the aggregates of soils amended with compost manure, in comparison to traditional amendment, showed a higher stability and a less developed network of interconnected macro-pores. These modifications decrease the availability of the intraaggregates adsorption sites towards pesticides. Our results hypothesize that we would tend towards same environmental difficultes if the sulcotrione was as much applied as atrazine
Saffih-Hdadi, Kawtar. „Analyse couplée du devenir du parathion et du paraoxon dans le sol et leur impact écotoxicologique sur les Nématodes“. Avignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AVIG0608.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDecourtye, Axel. „Etude de l'impact de produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la survie et l'apprentissage associatif chez l'abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L. )“. Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is a contribution to the evaluation of the lethal and sublethal toxicity of pesticides in the honeybee. In particular, we have studied the biological effects on associative learning, which is a critical phase of the foraging behaviour. Imidacloprid was the main neurotoxic insecticide tested. In a first part, acute toxicity tests showed that imidacloprid and its two main metabolites induced a high toxicity. Moreover, oral chronic toxicity of imidacloprid was demonstrated. We present a modelling approach of survival data in caged bees under chronic exposure to pesticides. It is based on a Cox model which takes into accountthe fact that bees are not dying independently one from the other. In a second part, bees surviving sub-chronic treatment with imidacloprid and 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid have reduced learning performances during the olfactory conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response (PER). Our study revealed that bees have a higher sensitivity to imidacloprid during summer (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration = 12 ppb) than during winter (LOEC = 48 ppb). In order to identify the neurobiological action of imidacloprid, its impact was evaluated on the brain cytochrome oxidase activity, a marker of neuronal metabolism, and on the capacities of storage and retention of the information. In imidacloprid-treated honeybees, a modification of the oxidative metabolism in the mushroom bodies and an impairment of the mid-term memory were found. In a third part, we compared the effects of imidacloprid and deltamethrin on olfactory learning performances in both semi-field and laboratory conditions. Olfactory learnt discrimination task in free-flying foragers and olfactory conditioning of PER in restrained foragers revealed the impact of imidacloprid on learning performances, but not of deltamethrin
Nundloll, Sapna. „Dos and don'ts in augmentative biological control : insights from mathematical modelling“. Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents the mathematical analysis of models in augmentative biological control, from which practical guidelines are the derived. Biological control provides a means to fight pest invertebrates that attack crops with their natural predators. It is an essential component in efforts to reduce pesticide usage in agriculture. Pesticides pose a threat to human health, both to the agricultural worker and the consumer, as well as to the environment because of their toxicity : this largely motivates the need for current biological control programs to be improved and new ones developed. In this thesis, we look in particular at augmentative biological control, which involves the periodic release of predators that are not able to establish in an ecosystem in the absence of the pest, their primary prey. We introduce a general class of models that describe the intrinsic predator-prey dynamics by a pair of ordinary differential equations and the periodic releases by a discrete equation. We study the variants of this class of models, that may arise in a biological control set-up and highlight the consequences on the strategy of releases. We analyse the effect of intrapredatory interference occurring when the predator preys the pest, the impact of cannibalism among the predators, and finally the outcome of partial harvests of crops on the biological control program. Finally, we summarise the results of our mathematical analysis into a set of practical guidelines. We also report experiments on an agronomic predator-prey system, in which the predator species exhibits interfering behaviour. The experimental results validates out mathematical predictions
Cereser, Catherine. „Mécanismes de la cytotoxicité du thirame (disulfure de tétraméthylthiurame) vis à vis des fibroblastes cutanés humains : consommation du glutathion, processus péroxydatifs et blocage de thiol-enzymes“. Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO1T002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBénachour, Nora. „Effets du roundup et de divers xénobiotiques sur des cellules du cordon ombilical, embryonnaires et placentaires humaines : études de toxicité et de la perturbation endocrine de l'aromatase“. Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany xenobiotics are described as endocrine disruptors. Their impact appears not only at the steroid receptors and transport proteins levels, but also at the less studied level, which will be the subject of this thesis on the disruption of the enzymes implied in the steroid metabolism, like the aromatase complex. This crucial steroidogenic enzyme which catalyzes the irreversible conversion of the androgens into estrogens represents a potential target and an interesting model. It belongs to the P450 cytochromes super family known to metabolize xenobiotics and to maintain the estrogen-androgenic balance. We showed the mode of action of various pesticides like fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, as well as Roundup which is a glyphosate-based pesticide associated with most cultivated GMOs, and other industrial products such as detergents, additives, plasticizers and drugs which are contaminants of all ecosystem forms. Our results highlight their genotoxic effects, and time and dose dependant cytotoxicity, and endocrine disruption of aromatase activity also at the transcriptional level, at sub-agricultural and ADI doses, on placental, embryonic and umbilical human cells. These targets are implied in the reproduction and the pregnancy. Their action is more important in mixtures and on a long run demonstrating some enhanced and synergistic effects. Therefore, the improvement of the prevention and the homologation of pesticides and of the REACH program must take into account the length and the period of exposition (from the fetus to the adult), but also the effects of adjuvants, mixtures, metabolism, bio-accumulation, and time-delayed effects of low doses
Mayhoub, Flora. „Etude des effets de l'exposition aux pesticides en Picardie sur le développement fœtal : utilisation du méconium (cohorte MecoExpo)“. Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIED004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAubert, Christophe. „Influence de traitements fongicides inhibiteurs de la biosynthèse de l'ergostérol sur le potentiel aromatique du raisin Muscat d'Alexandrie, de la pomme Golden delicious et des produits dérivés“. Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKouakam, Tchamba Christelle. „Impact de l'exposition in utero aux pesticides sur les fonctions neurophysiologiques du nouveau-né prématuré“. Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFirst we aimed to assess chronic pesticides exposure of the fetus. Then, we investigated the impact of pesticide exposure on vital neurophysiological functions of preterm neonates such as sleep, ventilation and its control, as well as cardiovascular control. We assessed pesticides exposure of neonates using a maternal exposure questionnaire, completed by a multi-residue analysis of pesticides in meconium in order to identify and quantify some pesticides and their metabolites. Cardiovascular and sleep parameters were obtained by polysomnography. Peripheral chemoreceptors sensitivity was measured using a hypoxic test (15% O2) during each sleep state. All newborns had at least one pesticide in their meconium and 58.3% of them, had more than 3 substances detected. Our results showed an impact of pesticides exposure on sleep structure as sleep duration was shortened (DMP), active sleep proportion was higher, and quiet sleep proportion was lower. Neonates also had a more fractionated sleep when their mothers were exposed to pesticides through dietary habits. With regards to ventilation, our results showed heterogeneous effects. Indeed, ventilation was higher when DEP was detected (+18%) but lower when DMDTP was identified (-14%). Peripheral chemoreceptors sensitivity was also weaker for neonates exposed to DMDTP. Finally, the sympatho-vagal balance were altered by pesticides exposure. Our results suggest that chronic pesticide exposure in utero could lead to a disruption of neurophysiological functions in preterm neonates (sleep, ventilation, cardiovascular system) making them even more vulnerable to various cardiorespiratory challenges