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1
Poznarová, Vendula. „4 + 4“. Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Hudební a taneční fakulta. Knihovna, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-253754.
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In my master thesis I compare four different personalities of the recent Czech contemporary dance and their dissimilar attitude to creation. The contents of my research are influences on forming and progress of their work and different creative backgrounds that lead to the uniqueness of their choreographical way and method.
Dissimilarity of this process I negotiate through the insight into the four conrete results of their work, so through the four current choreographical pieces of these artists.
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Araya, Naranjo Sandra. „Población de una base de datos jurisprudencial a base de libros de registro de sentencias de protección de la corte suprema, mayo 3-3, año 2004, julio 1-4, 2-4, 3-4, 4-4, año 2004, diciembre 1-4, 2-4, 3-4, 4-4, año 2004; enero 1-4, 2-4, 3-4, 4-4 año 2005, febrero 1-2, 2-2, año 2005“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113738.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo
En la realización de la Tesis analice 356 fallos emanados de la Ilustrísima Corte Suprema de Justicia, de ellos se extractaron definitivamente 322 fallos, en su mayoría son Recursos de Protección, aunque también fueron analizados en menor número Recursos de Amparo Económico.
3
Berretil, Slimane. „Proprietes electroniques des semi-conducteurs magnetiques gamo : :(4)s::(8), gamo::(4)se::(8), gamo::(4)se::(4)te::(4) et ganb::(4)s::(8)“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066262.
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Etudes effectuees en vue de preciser la nature des electrons qui participent ala conduction et au magnetisme de ces composes. Les composes, caracterises par la presence d'amas tetraedriques des ions metalliques mo et nb dans les bas etats d'oxydation, revelent des proprietes de magnetisme itinerant repondant au modele de stoner-wohlfarth avec les densites d'etats les plus elevees observees dans des composes intermetalliques 3d ou 4d. La rpe a confirme que les raies observees correspondant aux ions metalliques dans un etat s = 3/2 (ions mo**(3+) et nb**(3+)); leur elargissement est d'origine dipolaire retrecie par echange et les valeurs des integrales d'echange obtenues sont en bon accord avec celles obtenues a partir des temperatures de curie
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Moura, Silio Lima de. „Electrochemistry of 4-[(4-aminobenzene) sulfonyl] phenylamine“. Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2015. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3312.
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This work provides a new insight on the oxidation mechanism of 4-[(4-aminobenzene) sulfonyl] phenylamine, commonly known as Dapsone. The dapsone oxidation mechanism was investigated by electrochemical, spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques and quantum chemical calculations. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed well-defined oxidation peaks at aqueous and nonaqueous media. In order to establish the electrochemical kinetic laws, voltammograms of dapsone were carried out under different experimental conditions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to the investigation of electrochemical properties of adsorbed dapsone. By controlled potential coulometry the number of electron in overall electrochemical reactions was determined, and quantum chemical calculations revealed that the amino and sulfone moiety of the molecule are involved in the electronic transitions. The equilibrium geometry and vibrational spectra were calculated by using DFT (B3LYP, M06 and M062X) with 6-311+G* and 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. TD-DFT of the electronic spectra of dapsone was reported for the first time demonstrating that the protonation has a very important role in the excited states. The electropolymerization of dapsone by anodic oxidation is reported for the first time. The conditions in which a blocking oligomeric film or a conductive polymeric film of dapsone is formed are also discussed, based on the potential window applied. The cyclic voltammetry of polydapsone presented redox activities, demonstrating its high electronic conductivity. Infrared spectroscopy of both oligomers and polymer supports that the polymerization occurs via amino-amino coupling, since no modifications in the aromatic ring is observed. In addition, preliminary corrosion protection test of the aluminum covered with chemically synthetized polydapsone indicates that it can be used to coating against corrosion. A model for mechanism of corrosion control is proposed.
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Center, University of Arizona Water Resources Research. „Arroyo Vol. 4 No. 4 (February 1991)“. Water Resources Research Center, College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/314794.
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Drought in Arizona might seem less a special water management concern than a natural and permanent condition. That an area is generally desert, however, with a warm, arid-semiarid climate does not mean it is afflicted with drought. Usually enough precipitation falls in the state to support a thriving desert ecosystem, with its varied flora and fauna, all adapted to dry conditions.
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Huhn, Daniel M. „Rejoice in the Lord always Philippians 4:4 /“. Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Bulloch, Esther Marcella MacLeod. „Mechanistic studies of 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597075.
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This thesis describes mechanistic and structural studies of Escherichia coli 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase (ADCS). ADCS catalyses the conversion of chorismate to 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate, which is the first committed step in folate biosynthesis. The enzyme consists of a glutamine amidotransferase, PabA, and a chorismate aminating subunit, PabB. ADCS belongs to a family of closely related chorismate-utilising enzymes that also includes anthranilate synthase. In complement to the studies of ADCS, some research was also conducted into the mechanism of the reaction catalysed by anthranilate synthase. Site directed mutagenesis studies were carried out on active site residues of ADCS and anthranilate synthase with the aim of probing the mechanism of each enzyme. Kinetic parameters were determined for active mutants, and the products of the reactions catalysed by each mutant were examined by NMR spectroscopy. Lys-274 or PabB was identified as having an important catalytic role in the reaction catalysed by ADCS. The studies of anthranilate synthase indicate that an active site glutamate residue, which is also conserved in ADCS, assists in the elimination of the C4 hydroxyl from chorismate during catalysis. ADCS is thought to be the final in vivo target of the antibiotic (6S)-60fluoroshikimate. (6S)-6-Fluoroshikimate is converted to 2-flurochorismate by enzymes of the shikimate pathway. In this thesis it is shown that 2-fluorochrosimate inactivates ADCS by causing an irreversible covalent modification of Lys-274 of PabB. This result supports by hypothesis that Lys-274 is the active site nucleophile of the reaction catalysed by PabB. The formation of a covalent intermediate on PabB during the ADCS reaction was directly directed for the first time using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Control experiments indicated that the covalent intermediate observed is competent in the ADCS reaction, and that the intermediate most likely forms on Lys-274. The glutamyl-thioester covalent intermediate of the reaction catalysed by PabA was also detected.
8
Dukhan, David. „Synthèse de 4'-thio-oligoribonucléotides (4'-S-ARN)“. Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20038.
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L'objet de la these est la synthese de 4-thio-oligoribonucleotides (4-s-arn), acides ribonucleiques comportant un atome de soufre a la place de l'atome d'oxygene intracyclique du cycle furanose. Nous decrivons d'abord la synthese en grande quantite de trois 4-thio-d-ribofuranoses. Ces derniers sont utilises pour etudier les condensations nucleosidiques et les mises au point de conditions operatoires ont permis d'obtenir les quatre 4-thio-ribonucleosides (u,c,a,g). Ces derniers n'ont presente aucune activite antivirale contre la replication du vih et du vhb. Une etude conformationnelle est realisee pour etudier l'equilibre nord/sud des nucleosides en solution. Les 4-thio-ribonucleosides sont ensuite transformes en synthons phosphoramidites par des methodes classiques. Puis, nous avons synthetise cinq 4-s-arn. La synthese de trois 4-s-arn 18-mere ont permis de valider la methode aux phosphoramidites et l'utilisation d'un spectrometre maldi-tof les ont parfaitement caracterises. L'etude des temperatures de fusion montrent la haute affinite des 4-s-arn pour leurs arn naturels complementaires. Nous decrivons ainsi l'emploi de deux 4-s-arn en tant qu'agent antisens dirige contre la dimerisation de l'arn genomique du vih-1.
9
Papet, Anne-Laure. „Complexes d'europium luminescents a unités 4, 4'-bipyrimidines“. Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN12444.
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Papet, Anne-Laure. „Complexes d'europium luminescents a unités 4, 4'-bipyrimidines“. Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10444.
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Dennehy, John Anthony. „A 4“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98312753620992735017.
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Ebert, Doreen. „4 walls +“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33424.
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A higher level of complexity is possible by combining more than one idea as long as the order of the elements is readable in each built condition.
Order is possible at any level of complexity. The more complex the greater the need of order.
Order can be the relationship of a limited set of elements that inform and reform each other.Master of Architecture
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Ruhland, James Randolph III. „4 Theatres…“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32004.
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This Project concludes in a folio of drawings. The object of study is a renewal of Blacksburg’s old Town Hall on Church Street. The proposed new program for the existing structure is a studio theatre, addition and working areas.
The fundamental purpose of this project is to renew Blacksburg’s vision of â Theatreâ through the building and use of a small theatre house.
Suggesting to completely change what is now thought of, but rarely considered, as a local cultural icon almost automatically brings high level of local conservative scrutiny. The wonderful instance about this project is that by merely suggesting a renewal of this magnitude could spur an incredible debate from the word, â Action.â
The point is not that the entire production be reduced to a marketing stunt. The point is this: Building is, in part, a public spectacle which is charged by local levels of involvement. This spectacle component to building can be highlighted or subdued through several mediums, but the overarching message is the same.
A projected future for the existing icon is a series of four theatres.
The first, and foremost, theatre is the town itself. By covering the building, scaffolding and construction staging area with a veil, the existing structure is reduced to a larger-than-life object within the townscape. The new object rests on the platform of Blacksburg during its own construction stage. While not within the scope of this project, it is entirely legitimate that the veil itself could be designed through a local competition. The purpose is to gather curiosity by wrapping the building.
The remaining three theatres are more explicit.
The centerlined façade may be removed, revealing a covered entry similar to a typical stage set. The articulation of the walls, ceiling and floor resemble a much larger room with an acute perspectival illusion. This is the main street level entrance to the building. The new façade-room may also be used as a stage. The intersection in front of the building could be blocked off from vehicular traffic to provide house seating for a public performance.
The Studio theatre is the main â stageâ which could be used to facilitate a majority of productions. This abstract cubic space may be manipulated as the house manager and production director see fit. This space is surrounded by occupiable marginalized mechanical volumes. These volumes are for any equipment, or individuals, necessary to maintain the illusion of the theatre. The finished surfaces of the studio should be completely assembled from panels and modular. Every surface, at every moment, in the Studio may be changed.
An addition lies directly adjacent to the Studio through a roll-up garage door. This two-story area provides work areas, and rehearsal space in addition to storage. This area may also be manipulated as the house manager and production director see fit. The finished floor of the addition is shared with the large public parking lot behind the existing building. This back lot is also shared with a number of local businesses, and one of Blacksburg’s underground streams. This bowl-like space is the lowest elevation near the town’s original sixteen squares. The back doors of the Shop are oversized to receive any large shipments or materials and/or equipment. When completely open, these two sixteen foot high doors double as a proscenium stage. The pair of doors, in cooperation with an overhead canopy, resembles a typical theatre stage opening. This stage could be used for less formal occasions.
It has been worthwhile to remember that a studio theatre type depends on maintaining a high level of abstract qualities, tremendous versatility and the ability to have the performance an the audience on the same level. The inherent difficulty is that a useful theatre space tends to find values and orientations that carry it away from total abstractness and versatility.Master of Architecture
14
Ecker, James Sherwood. „D+4“. Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1352821786.
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Crispino, Anna Lisa. „Commento a Ov. Pont. 4, 8 e 4, 9“. Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1432.
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2012-2013Il quarto libro dei Pontica ha un’importanza fondamentale all’interno dell’intera raccolta, per le tematiche affrontate e per la peculiarità delle riflessioni a cui il poeta approda in questa parte della raccolta, un unicum rispetto alla poesia precedente. L’ultimo commento al quarto libro è quello di di Helzle del 1989. Tale commento, in origine una tesi di dottorato, si limita a commentare le prime sette elegie del quarto libro e la sedicesima, tralasciando, di fatto, quella elegia, la ottava, che, a giusto titolo, da Galasso è stata definita un proemio al mezzo, perché un condensato sul ruolo e l’attività del poeta, e la nona, perfettamente armonizzata con l’elegia precedente in quanto piena esemplificazione della poesia celebrativa soltanto teorizzata nel precedente componimento e introduzione perfetta delle tematiche della seconda parte della raccolta. Il poeta, costretto lontano da Roma, non intende chiudersi nel proprio mondo ma tenta ogni strada possibile, concependo una poesia che venga incontro alle necessità dei destinatari a cui si rivolge. Ciò che può garantire è la gloria eterna, che nasce dal ricordo nella sua poesia. L’esule emarginato riorganizza, lontano da Roma, la sua realtà precedente, attraverso la poesia e la sua mente, surrogato della vista, che gli permette, egli spera, di partecipare come può agli eventi importanti della vita pubblica romana, come l’inizio del consolato di Grecino. Il nuovo modo di far poesia è dettato dalla particolare situazione dell’esiliato che necessita di appoggi. La figura del princeps e dell’ambiente di corte, dei membri dell’elite politica divengono una presenza invadente, ricompaiono le dediche personali e trasformano l’intimità dell’amicizia in deferenza clientelare. Talvolta sono state rivolte ad Ovidio accuse di piaggeria, Ovidio è stato talvolta definito il primo dei poeti cortigiani (si guardi Grimal, 1968). La poesia concepita in queste elegie ovidiane dà indubbiamente l’immagine di Ovidio poeta nuovo, che adopera spunti e materiali per la costruzione di un progetto poetico innovativo, che mostra un poeta spettatore e partecipe, protagonista quanto mai prima della poesia, rivendicatore di una posizione sociale che non gli appartiene più. La nuova poesia è costituita da carmi che troverebbero l’approvazione augustea, una poesia non tanto distante da Tristia e Pontica, più compatibile con la nuova realtà in cui il poeta è protagonista e partecipe, quella in cui rivendica con forza la propria appartenenza, una poesia che non può che essere la poesia d’occasione. Non è rintracciabile in questa nuova poesia una precisa ed esplicita volontà da parte di un destinatario, che quindi non è un committente, Ovidio non è un cliens. Del resto il nuovo genere poetico, la poesia d’occasione, trova spazio già precedentemente: è Ovidio stesso ad informarci in Pont. 1, 2, 129-132 di aver composto un epitalamio per le nozze di Paolo Fabio Massimo e in Pont. 1, 7, 29 ss. di aver composto in occasione della morte del padre di Messalino un carme recitato poi ai suoi funerali nel foro. Sebbene non se ne conservi traccia Ovidio svolgeva, dunque, attività di poeta d’occasione. L’irrigidirsi dei rapporti con il princeps, il sistema piramidale di rapporti e la progressiva creazione di un linguaggio formulare e adulatorio cliens patronus modificano radicalmente la poesia ovidiana e la poesia di omaggio personale diventano parte della sua opera. [a cura dell'autore]
XII n.s.
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Ohta, Takeshi. „Pharmacological effect of a novle antidiabetic agent, trans-4-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-4-oxobutyric acid, in rats“. Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181408.
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MATHE, LAURENCE. „Synthese et etudes pharmacologiques in vivo et in vitro des proprietes antalgiques d'une nouvelle famille de 1-aminotetralines disubstituees en position 4 (4-aryl-4-methyl et 4-aryl-4-trifluoromethyl)“. Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066171.
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Ce travail est consacre a la synthese et aux etudes pharmacologiques in vivo et in vitro des proprietes antalgiques d'une nouvelle famille de 1-aminotetralines disubstituees en position 4 par les groupements aryle et methyle ou aryle et trifluoromethyle. La premiere partie est une revue bibliographique, des generalites sur la douleur. Elle rappelle les principaux mecanismes a l'origine de la transmission du message douloureux et les divers systemes de controle inhibiteurs-modulateurs de ce message. La deuxieme partie de ce travail traite de la synthese des aminotetralines etudiees. Ces composes peuvent etre obtenus racemiquement a partir des tetralines ou des tetralones correspondantes ou enantioselectivement a partir des tetralones prealablement dedoublees par des microorganismes (sporobolomyces pararoseus et rhodotorula rubra). La derniere partie est consacree aux etudes toxicopharmacologiques des aminotetralines sur l'animal et aux mesures d'affinites sur certains recepteurs impliques de pres ou de loin dans la douleur (recepteurs opioides, serotoninergiques 5-ht1a, 5-ht1b, 5-ht2 et 5ht3, dopaminergiques d2, noradrenergiques alpha 2, muscariniques m1 et m2, glutamatergiques nmda, recepteurs aux benzodiazepines et sites de recapture des monoamines). Les aminotetralines ont une tres forte activite antalgique sur l'animal (de50 inferieures a celles de l'aspirine). Cependant aucune affinite notable a ete observee pour les recepteurs etudies
18
Wajngot, Avital. „Fridskränkningsbrott eller olaga förföljelse? : en analys av gränsdragningen mellan 4 kap. 4 a och 4 b § § BrB“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94927.
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Scartazzini, Luiz Silvio. „Medidas termodinamicas e eletricas na serie homologa do 4 (4'-n- nanoxibenzoiloxi) benzilideno 4" -n- alcoxianilina“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1987. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75400.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e MatematicasMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T00:58:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T15:47:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 81771.pdf: 1543841 bytes, checksum: 3a5a46963e6fe070d31fd230a6cc298d (MD5)
Neste trabalho são apresentadas propriedades termodinâmicas e elétricas da série homóloga do 4(4'-n-nanoxibenzoiloxi) benzilideno 4"-n-alcoxianilina. Submetendo-se amostras de cada composto da série à variações da temperatura e com o auxílio do microscópio de luz polarizada e do calorímetro diferencial de varredura, foram determinadas as temperaturas de transição das fases mesomórficas e suas respectivas variações de entalpia. Em alguns compostos desta série, com o auxílio do conjunto de ponte de capacitância, foram investigadas as constantes dielétricas na fase nemática para determinar o sinal da anisotropia dielétrica. Da série n-metilen-bis(4-oxi-fenilen-carboxi 4-fenilenoxi heptila) foram investigadas as constantes dielétricas em dois compostos, para determinar o sinal da anisotropia dielétrica.
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Jones, Tiffany Celeste. „Syndecan-4 binds insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4“. Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010r/jones.pdf.
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Ingelmark, Emelie. „Var går gränsen? : tillämpning av 4:4 miljöbalkens geografiska begränsningar“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211039.
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Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda tillämpningen av 4:4 miljöbalkens geografiska begränsning. Lagparagrafen reglerar riksintresseområde för ”högexploaterad kust” där endast fritidshusbebyggelse får komma till stånd undantagsvis och då ifall de utgör komplettering till befintlig bebyggelse eller ifall fritidshusbebyggelsen utgör en naturlig avrundning till ett redan bebyggt område. Kustområdena som denna lagparagraf reglerar anger specifikt vissa ortsnamn, men är ändå inte tydlig med vilka geografiska gränser som faktiskt gäller, exempelvis hur långt in i landet ett kustområde sträcker sig. Så var går gränsen? I detta arbete behandlas i urval fyra rättsfall, spridda över tiden avseende exploatering i riksintresseområde där 4:4 MB har varit en central paragraf i fråga. Rättsfallen avser samtliga tiden från det att miljöbalken vann laga kraft 1998. Ett av dessa rättsfall utföll så att 4:4 MB inte ansågs vara tillämpligt och frågan hänvisades tillbaka till kommunen för vidare handläggning. Därmed är det inte klarlagt ifall det genomfördes någon sorts exploatering i fallet i slutändan. Vad jag generellt finner i rättsfallen är att rättsinstanserna oftast dömer så att någon exploatering inte tillåts, men att sakägarna som för ärendena inför domstol är inte kommunerna utan privatpersoner som bor i de aktuella områdena. I studien kontaktades ett antal länsstyrelser och kommuner för att få en tydligare bild av hur 4:4 MB tillämpas. Kommunerna som studerats i arbetet har olika mycket hantering av 4:4 MB. Vissa kommuner har stort tryck på exploatering i kustområden medan andra har mindre efterfrågan, och mängden ärende med anknytning till 4:4 MB verkar samvariera med exploateringsintresset. Något som flera företrädare för kommunerna i studien tar upp i de genomförda intervjuerna är avsaknaden av sorts mall eller liknande som förtydligar vad för värden som regelverket avses skydda, definitioner av ord i lagen så som ”tätort” och ”fritidsbebyggelse”, och vad det är för utveckling av områdena som eftersträvas. Av de valda länsstyrelsernas informationsutgivning, på deras respektive hemsidor framgår det oftast ungefärligt samma sak angående riksintressen. Det som brukar tas upp, med avseende på 4 kapitlet MB eller allmänt riksintresse, är en återgivning av lagtexten, en hänvisning till var detta regelverk är tillämpligt i länet och därefter en avslutning med hänvisning till en GIS-karta. Tillämpningen av 4:4 MB skiljer sig åt mellan länsstyrelser och kommuner. Vad de flesta länsstyrelser och kommuner verkar ha gemensamt är att de använder sig av ett GIS-skikt. Kommunerna som studerats i arbetet har olika mycket hantering av 4:4 MB. Detta beror på att, liksom länsstyrelser, exploateringstrycket varierar och därmed mängden ärende med 4:4 MB varierar. För vidare forskning anser jag att ett förtydligande av 4 :4 MB är nödvändig. Vidare bör en inventering ske om de nu i lagrummet reglerade områdena är aktuella att klassa som riksintresse. Även definition av andra ord i 4:4 MB skulle vara önskvärt, så som en definition av ”tätort” respektive ”fritidsbebyggelse”, samt ett förtydligande avseende vilka värden som staten avser skydda. Sammanfattningsvis tillämpas lagparagrafen hos länsstyrelser och kommuner idag med stor grund i ett GIS-skikt och med stöd i tidigare ärenden. Dock förfaller varken länsstyrelser eller kommuner någon helt klar bild avseende vilka värden som ska skyddas och kan därmed inte vara helt säkra på var den geografiska avgränsningen bör vara. Dock verkar den geografiska avgränsningen inte vara det största problemet med 4:4 MB, utan definitioner av uttryck exempelvis ”tätort” och ”fritidshus” och vilka värden som lagstiftaren syftar till att bevara.This study aims to investigate the practical use of the 4:4 Environmental Code in Sweden. The paragraph regulates national interest areas of high-exploited coast where only vacation buildings exceptionally may be constructed and in that case the vacation buildings must make a complement to the already existing settlement or they must make a natural rounding to an already built area. The coastal areas this paragraph regulates specifies some location name s, but it is still not clear which geographical limits to apply. For example, how far inland does the coastal area extends. Where is the limit? In this work four legal cases are treated. These cases are within the field of exploitation in the national interest area where 4:4 Environmental Code have been a key paragraph. All the legal cases refer to the time after the Environmental Code became legally valid in 1998. One of these legal cases showed that the 4:4 Environmental Code was not applicable and the question was sent back to the municipality for further processing. Thereby it is not clear if there was any exploitation in the case in the end. What I generally find in the legal cases is that the courts often sentence so that there is no exploitation, but that it is private individuals which live in the current area, that take the case to court and not the municipality. In this study, county governments and municipalities were contacted to get a better understanding of how 4:4 Environmental Code is used. The municipalities that where studied in this work have some very different management of 4:4 Environmental Code. Some municipalities have a lot of pressure on exploitation in coastal areas while other municipalities have less pressure, and the amount of errands with connection to 4:4 Environmental Code seems to match the exploitation interest. Something that several representatives of the municipalities bring up in the conducted interviews is the lack of some sort of template or something similar that clarifies the values the Code intend to protect, definitions of word in the law such as “urban area” and “vacation building”, and what development is being sought. In general, the information regarding the national interests available on the websites of the chosen county governments respectively, is the same. What is usually brought up, regarding the fourth chapter in the Environmental Code or generally about national interest s, is a rendering of the paragraph, a reference to where in the county this paragraph is applicable and thereafter a closure with another reference to a GIS-map. The county governments and the municipalities apply 4:4 Environmental Code differently. What the most county governments and municipalities seem to have in common is their use of the GIS-map. The studied municipalities in this work have many different managements of 4:4 Environmental Code. This is because, as in the case with the county governments, that the pressure on exploitation varies and thereby does the amount of errands about 4:4 Environmental Code vary as well. For further research, I consider that a clarification of the 4:4 Environmental Code is necessary. Furthermore, there should be an inventory to see if the paragraph’s regulated areas are still current enough to be classified as national interest areas. Also the definition of other words in 4:4 Environmental Code would be desirable, such as a definition of “urban area“ and “vacation building“, and as well as a clarification of what values the Swedish state intends to protect. In conclusion, the paragraph is applied today at the county governments and municipalities with a great support of a GIS-map and other previous errands. However, neither the county governments or the municipalities seems to have a totally clear picture regarding what values that are supposed to be protected and can therefore not be completely sure about where the geographical delimitation should be. But the geographical delimitations do not seem to be the greatest problem about the 4:4 Environmental Code, but definitions of expressions for instance “urban area“ and “vacation building “, and which values that the legislature aims to preserve.
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Al-Dawoodi, M. T. S. „The synthesis and properties of some 4'-phenylazo 4-aminoazobenzenes“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371465.
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Center, University of Arizona Water Resources Research. „Arizona Water Resource Vol. 4 No. 4 (April-May 1995)“. Water Resources Research Center, College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316498.
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The City of Tucson has narrowed its options for using its Central Arizona Project water allocation to four: direct treatment and delivery through the existing treatment plant after replacing deteriorating mains; augmenting treatment with a filtration stage to remove salts; blending CAP water with equal amounts of groundwater; and recharging CAP water using spreading basins, streambeds, and/or injection wells.
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Tembo, Norbert Olivier. „Synthèse et étude physicochimique des 4-amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tétrahydro-1-isoquinolones et 2-quinolones ; 4-aryl-2, 3-dihydropyrrolizines ; 4-aryl-1-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tétrahydro-pyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazines ; 4-aryl-2-imidazolidinones“. Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN4044.
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Viselgė, Vita. „Galimybė Nr.4“. Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130805_102700-69467.
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Gamarra, Palacios Guillermo Leonardo, Tello Charles André Grados und Falcón Marco Seclén. „DRESS 4 LESS“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624935.
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La iniciativa empresarial que presentamos se llama Dress 4 Less (D4L), la cual nace del trabajo en equipo de tres estudiantes de la carrera de administración de empresas de la UPC.
Dress 4 Less es una empresa de servicios enfocada en el alquiler de vestimentas para cubrir las necesidades de autorrealización y reconocimiento que encontramos en las mujeres modernas, que valoran la moda, el uso exigente del tiempo y que, además, se apoyan en las nuevas tecnologías para satisfacer sus necesidades.
La propuesta de Dress 4 Less es, mediante una plataforma digital, ofrecer vestidos para ocasiones especiales, sean de gala o coctel, y además ajustar estas prendas a las medidas de cada cliente, dándole el apoyo de asesoría de acuerdo a la ocasión, a la tendencia en la moda, al corte, el clima, entre otros factores.
Durante el desarrollo del proyecto nos hemos asegurado de que la probabilidad de éxito del negocio sea alta, puesto que, el público objetivo es amplio y la competencia no es numerosa y no puede atender a todo el mercado.
Por último, la propuesta de dar un servicio personalizado, donde el vestido no solo sea el adecuado para la ocasión, sino también brindando la asesoría de una experta y el servicio de costura para que el vestido elegido quede entallado a las medidas de la cliente serán los puntos estratégicos que diferenciarán nuestra propuesta.
The business initiative that we present is called Dress 4 Less (D4L), which is born from the team work of three students of the career in business administration at the UPC.
Dress 4 Less is a service company focused on the rental of clothing to meet the needs of self-realization and recognition that we find in modern women, who value fashion, the demanding use of time and who also rely on new technologies to meet your needs.
The proposal of Dress 4 Less is, through a digital platform, offer dresses for special occasions, whether gala or cocktail, and also adjust these garments to the measures of each client, giving the support of advice according to the occasion, to the Trend in fashion, cut, climate, among other factors.
During the development of the project we have ensured that the probability of business success is high, since the target audience is broad and the competition is not large and can not serve the entire market.
Finally, the proposal to provide a personalized service, where the dress is not only suitable for the occasion, but also providing the advice of an expert and the sewing service so that the chosen dress is fitted to the client's measurements will be the strategic points that will differentiate our proposal.Trabajo de investigación
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Sousa, Cláudia Sofia Gonçalves Vinhas de. „Finance 4 All“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10876.
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Mestrado em FinançasO projecto Finance4All consiste na criação de materiais pedagógicos que fomentem a literacia financeira. Nesse sentido, foi desenvolvido o jogo de cartas Deal Widit inserido na temática de literacia financeira e aprendizagem baseada em jogos. Optou-se por um jogo de cartas, uma alternativa eficaz e com custos muito reduzidos em comparação com outros tipos de jogos. O jogo tem como base a compra de negócios com elementos de risco e recompensa, poupança, orçamentação e estratégia. Também tem uma componente de figuras corporativas que enriquecerão o valor da empresa. O jogo, ainda na fase de protótipo, foi testado num pequeno grupo do qual se obteve feedback, pretendendo atingir o público em geral acima dos 12 anos.
There are many studies that prove that playing games is often better than conventional methods for learning. Playing helps not only to develop knowledge on the theme but also the improvement of soft skills such as problem solving, strategic thinking or perseverance. The main idea of the project was to create a game that spiked the interest on the financial topic. A card based game with a playing board was chosen. The lack of financial literacy, a problem for all age groups, can be tackled by small incentives such as playing a related game. This project is an attempt to make finance in general fun and easy – saving, investing, risk and return and another concepts are very much the main part of the game. The prototype game was tested in a small group several times and got a positive response. As a future objective the prototype should be finished and proceed its development stage with more testing, packing and distribution.
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Sutinen, S. (Simo). „Prolyyli-4-hydroksylaasit“. Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201702101164.
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Kemppainen, Tuula. „Årsta 4-9“. Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208519.
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En grundskola för barn i årskurserna 4 till 9 i stadsdelen Årsta i Stockholm. Skolan är placerad i anslutning till ett nybyggt bostadsområde vid Årstafältet. Skolan ska inhysa drygt 500 elever och även innehålla en offentlig del med idrottshall. Programmet är uppdelat i två volymer på tomten, där den offentliga ligger som ett avslut till det aktivitetsstråk som planeras på Årstafältet. Skolan är planerad med trästomme med lerelement, och invändigt exponerat trä och lera. Tre massiva lerväggar går genom byggnaden och markerar ut elevernas hemvister. Varje klass har sin egen hemvist, bestående av kapprum, klassrum och grupprum, som är klassens gemensamt egna rum och är tänkt att fungera som en trygg bas varifrån man kan utgå eller dra sig tillbaka under skoldagen. Skolans studieytor och allrumsytor är planerade för att möta olika preferenser och sociala sammanhang. De gemensamma studieytorna består av utrymmen för enskilt arbete och för samarbete. Sociofugala ytor skiljer av eleverna från varandra i mindre nischer, medan centrerade sociopatala ytor ger samlande rum.An elementary school for children aged 4 to 9 in the suburb Årsta in Stockholm. The school is located adjacent to a new residental area surrounding Årstafältet. The school will cater to around 500 students and a sport centre which will be available to the public. The program is divided into two volumes, where the sports centre is placed as the endpoint to an activitypath stretching across Årstafältet. The school is constructed with a wooden frame with adobe features, and interiorly exposed wood and earth. Three massive rammed earth walls mark the students abiding-places. Each class has its own abiding-place constituted by cloakroom, homeroom and a group activity room, which is intended to work as a safe base point throughout the school day. Workspaces and community spaces are designed to meet different preferences and social contexts. The shared workspaces consists of sociofugal spaces ment for separating the students from each other, while centered sociopatal spaces bring students together.
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Scott, Keith A. „4 urban houses“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41385.
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Bodenham, Dean. „Exotic 4-manifolds“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4865.
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Brandt, Shawn Patrick. „Chamber Essay #4“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1383913640.
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Sandoval, Francia William Junniors, Ocola Zait Deyanira Quenaya, Chirinos Yenny Paola Montenegro und Simón Nely Basilio. „ABC Service 4“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621983.
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Creación de empresa que brinda servicios de asesoría laboral de manera personalizada a jóvenes estudiantes de últimos ciclos y/o egresados de universidades privadas para que tengan éxito a la hora de buscar un empleo, el objetivo del servicio es brindar herramientas fundamentales a nuestros clientes para que puedan desenvolverse de manera adecuada en sus entrevistas laborales.
Los jóvenes que optan por la educación universitaria actualmente son el 72% . El sector al que nos dirigimos cuenta con gran cantidad de personas que a pesar de tener estudios universitarios no pueden incorporarse al mercado laboral por falta de preparación adecuada, es por ello que ABC Service 4 encuentra un mercado que puede atender otorgando las herramientas fundamentales para el buen desenvolvimiento en los procesos de selección.
Nuestro servicio contara con el apoyo de las redes sociales Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, para difundir información acerca de nuestro servicio de asesoría laboral y a su vez mantener una comunicación activa en caso requieran nuestros clientes absolver algunas dudas.
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Hollick, Jonathan J. „Pyran-4-one, thiopyran-4-one and 4-pyridone inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402415.
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Leopold, Samuel Harris. „Photogeneration of Aryloxenium Ions: Photolysis of 4-acetoxy-4-(4'-methylphenyl)-2,5-cyclohexadienone in Acetonitrile as a Precursor“. Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1210088217.
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Prie, Gildas. „Utilisation du 4, 4, 4-Trifluorobutynoate d'éthyle en synthèse organique : application à la synthèse de nouveaux rétinoïdes trifluorométhylés“. Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4034.
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Malgré un récent développement en chimie organique, les molécules fluorées ou polyfluorées ont trouvé de nombreuses applications en raison de leurs propriétés particulières. Il nous est paru intéressant d'étudier la synthèse de différentes molécules trifluorométhylées à partir du 4, 4, 4-trifluorobutynoate d'éthyle comme synthon fluoré de départ. Dans une première partie bibliographique, nous présentons la singularité de l'élément fluor et les différentes propriétés qu'elle lui confère puis nous rappelons quelques méthodes d'obtention d'oléfines trifluorométhylés. La seconde partie est consacrée à l'étude d'additions directes sur le 4, 4, 4-trifluorobutynoate d'éthyle. Les additions d'iode, de brome, d'hydrure de tributyléthain et d'amines sont étudiées et conduisent aux oléfines trifluorométhylées fonctionnalisées correspondantes. L'addition de diamines linéaires donne exclusivement les (Z, Z)-diénaminonesters correspondants. L'addition d'aminoalcools suivie d'une transesterification conduit à des macrohétérocydles trifluorométhylés. La réduction de la plupart des (Z)-β-énaminoesters synthétisés conduit aux β-aminoesters correspondants avec d'excellents rendements. Dans la troisième partie, nous décrivons la synthèse du (Z)-3-iodo-4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-enoate d'éthyle. Cet iodure vinylique réagit en couplage de type Stille avec des vinyl ou alcynylétains pour donner les diènes ou énymes triflorométhylés correspondants. Le couplage avec le (E)-1,2-bis(tributylstannyl)éthylène conduit au (2E, 4E)-3-trifluorométhyl-5-tributylstannylpenta-2,4-diénoate d'éthyle, vinyléthain qui subit des couplages palladiés avec différents halogénures aromatiques. La formation du (2E,4E)-3-trifluorométhyl-5-iodopenta-2,4-diénoate d'éthyle par iododéstannylation du dernier produit suivi du couplage de type Heck-Sonogashira vis à vis d'alcynes vris ou du couplage de type Stille vis à vis de vinyléthain cnduit stéréosélectivement aux diénynes ou aux triènes trifluorométhylés correspondants. La quatrième partie est consacrée à la synthèse des dérivés de molécules naturelles : homologues de Anthemis Suguramica ou crysanthemum macrotum et un précurseur d'homologues de toxines de champignons à la fraise. Nous avons également synthétisé deux dérivés (13E)-13-trifluorométhylés de l'acide rétinoïque ainsi que des (13E)-9,10-déshydro-13-trifluorométhylrétinoates d'éthyle par couplage de type Heck-Sonogashira avec des alcynes en C13 dérivé du safranal, de l'alpha et de la bêta-ionone.
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Nilsson, Mary Francis. „Characterisation of proteinase-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4) signalling in NCTC-2544 cells stably expressing PAR-4 (Clone 10H9) and PAR-4 expressing cells, EAhy-926“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12777.
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Duret, Guillaume. „Synthèse de 4-aminopyridines par réaction de cycloaddition (4+2) d’ynamides“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF012/document.
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Les motifs de type pyridine sont des motifs centraux dans de nombreux domaines, aussi bien rencontrés dans divers principes actifs en chimie médicinale, qu’en agrochimie, chimie des matériaux et des polymères, et enfin en synthèse organique de manière générale. De nombreuses voies d'accès toujours plus simples et directes à des motifs de type pyridine polysubstituées ont été proposées dans la littérature, et, parmi ceux-ci, le motif de type aminopyridine fusionnée à retenu notre attention. En effet peu de rapports d'un tel motif sont fait dans la littérature, en partie en raison du défi synthétique que représente ce squelette. Une méthode convergente en trois étapes clefs permettant d'accéder à une large gamme d'aminopyridines fusionnées est décrite dans ce manuscrit, ainsi que son extension par chimie en flux continu permettant une synthèse multi-grammes de ces composés. Enfin une étude théorique du mécanisme est proposée afin d'élucider l'influence des différents paramètres de la réactionPyridine scaffolds are very interesting building blocks in various fields, they appear in various drugs, and are relevant either in agrochemistry, marials chemistry, polymers and in organic chemistry. Many efficient and direct methods to access polysubstituted pyridine scaffolds are described in the litterature, amongst these, the fused aminopyridines caught our attention. Indeed, there are only few reports in the litterature of such scaffold
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Koppehele, Albina. „Synthese und Funktionalisierung von Calix[4]resorcin- und Calix[4]pyrogallolarenen“. Dresden TUDpress, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2674340&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Dias, Rafael Mafra de Paula. „Síntese e avaliação biológica de derivados 4-aminoquinolínicos e 4-mercaptoquinolínicos“. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4296.
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Este trabalho intitulado Síntese e Avaliação Biológica de Derivados 4-Aminoquinolínicos e 4-Mercaptoquinolínicos está dividido em duas partes e descreve a síntese de compostos quinolínicos acoplados a moléculas e/ou compostos heterocíclicos com atividade biológica. A primeira parte que trata da obtenção de derivados 4-aminoquinolínicos, apresenta a síntese de 20 substâncias no qual acoplou-se derivados de sulfanilamida, isoniazida e ácido 4-aminosalicílico ao núcleo quinolínico. A segunda parte trata da obtenção de derivados 4-mercaptoquinolínicos visando a obtenção de 12 substâncias acoplando o núcleo quinolínico a outros heterocíclicos (2-mercaptobenzotiazol e 4-mercaptopiridina). Das 32 substâncias obtidas, 11 são inéditas e todas foram devidamente caracterizadas por técnicas espectroscópicas. Submeteram-se estas à avaliação biológica em parasitas causadores da Leishmaniose e em bactérias patogênicas Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, bem como testes de citotoxicidade. Considerando as 15 substâncias testadas, 13 não se mostraram citotóxicas nas concentrações avaliadas e 11 apresentaram alguma atividade biológica, seja em promastigotas do gênero Leishmania ou em bactérias patogênicas.
This work entitled Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-Aminoquinolines and 4-Mercaptoquinolines Derivatives is divided in two parts and describes the synthesis of quinolinic compounds coupled to molecules and / or heterocyclic compounds with biological activity. The first part deals with obtaining of 4-aminoquinolines derivatives. It presents the synthesis of 20 substances made by the coupling of sulfanilamide, isoniazid and 4-aminosalicylic acid derivatives to the quinolinic nucleus. The second part deals with obtaining of 4-mercaptoquinolines derivatives to obtain 12 substances with the quinolinic nucleus coupled to other heterocyclic (2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 4-mercaptopyridine). Of the 32 substances synthesized, 11 are new and all were properly characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were submitted to the biological evaluation against parasites that cause leishmaniasis and pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as cytotoxicity tests. Considering the 15 substances tested, 13 were not cytotoxic at the concentrations evaluated, and 11 showed some biological activity, either in promastigotes of the Leishmania genus or pathogenic bacteria.
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Matschonat, Gunda. „Zur NH 4 + -Sorption und NH 4 + -Fixierung in europäischen Waldböden /“. Bayreuth : BITÖK, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/191522597.pdf.
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Kislyak, Anastasia. „In-depth kinetic understanding and design of [4+4] anthracene photocycloadditions“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/226945/1/Anastasia_Kislyak_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis pioneers the development of a model to correlate dynamic polymer network structures and their molecular changes in the presence of a light stimulus with the observed mechanical properties. Initially, a reversible anthracene photocycloaddition reaction model is introduced for predicting experimental data in solution and is subsequently extended towards the intramolecular crosslinking of single polymer chains. The model can predict the reaction progress and the radius of gyration of the folded polymers by using chemical reactivities corrected for confinement effects. Finally, the thesis explores how these novel approaches aid the modelling of dynamic polymer network synthesis.
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Webb, Gordon A. „Radiopharmaceutical applications of technetium 3-oxy-4-pyrones and 3-oxy-4-pyridinones and gallium 3-oxy-4-pyridinones“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29206.
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Ammonium pertechnetate [NH₄][TⅽO₄] was reacted with the following ligands via the reduction route: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone (maltol), 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrone (kojic acid), 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyridinone (Hmpp), 3-hydroxy-l,2-dimethyl-4-pyridinone (Hdpp), 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-hexyl-4-pyridinone (Hmhpp), 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-undecanato-4-pyridinone (Hmupp), and β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone)]-α-aminopropionic acid (l-mimosine). The products from the reduction route were characterized by mass spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and conductivity‧measurements. Initial results indicate the formation of mono-cationic tris-ligand complexes of tin and technetium ([TcL₃]⁺and [SnL₃]⁺). The formation of Tc (V) complexes via a substitution route was also investigated. [Bu₄N][TcOCl₄] was reacted with: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone (maltol), 5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrone (kojic acid), and β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone)]-α-aminopropionic acid (l-mimosine). The 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone used in this study (except mimosine) were prepared by the conversion of an oxygen heterocycle, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone, to the corresponding nitrogen heterocycle by reaction with a primary amine. These potentially bidentate ligands contain an α-hydroxyketone moiety and their conjugate bases form mono-cationic tris-ligand technetium complexes. Hmupp, a new compound, was fully characterized by mass spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, proton NMR, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
Initial clearance studies were done in a rabbit with the products of the reactions of [⁹⁹(formula omitted)TcO₄]- with Hdpp and Mimosine. Analogous to the synthetic procedure above using [⁹⁹Tc0₄]-, two products are formed ([⁹⁹(formula omitted)TcL3]⁺ and [SnL₃]⁺). The [SnL₃]⁺ complex is not radioactive and is therefore not visualized by the imaging procedure. The observed
distribution is therefore that of the [⁹⁹(formula omitted)TcL₃]⁺ complex. The results of the clearance study with [⁹⁹(formula omitted)Tc(dpp)₃]⁺ show a small amount of liver, heart, and gall bladder uptake; however, the majority of the activity is rapidly excreted via the kidneys and bladder. There is also some gut uptake observed, and this is cleared much more slowly. The clearance study conducted with [⁹⁹(formula omitted)Tc(mimo)₃]⁺ shows results similar to those conducted with [⁹⁹(formula omitted)Tc(dpp)₃]⁺; however, less gut uptake and faster bladder clearance are observed with the mimosine complex.
In addition to the technetium radiopharmaceutical work, some gallium-67 work was also done. This was done in collaboration with William Nelson and Don Lyster to complete an ongoing study of the in vitro and in vivo coordination chemistry of gallium 3-oxy-4-pyridinones as a model for the biodistribution of aluminum. ⁶⁷Ga-biodistribution studies were conducted with the following 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone ligands: 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyridinone (Hrnpp), 3-hydroxy-l,2-dimethyl-4-pyridinone (Hdpp), 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-hexyl-4-pyridinone (Hmhpp), and β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone)]-α-aminopropionic acid (l-mimosine). The results of the biodistribution show that under conditions of excess ligand ⁶⁷Ga is redirected from transferrin; however, the ⁶⁷Ga-ligand complexes do not localize in any organs.Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
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Stern, Eric. „Nouveaux agonistes des récepteurs aux cannabinoïdes CB², dérivés de 4-oxo-quinoléines, 4-oxo-naphtyridines et 4-oxo-cinnolines“. Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S013.
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Le cancer, deuxième cause de mortalité et de morbidité dans les pays développés après les maladies cardio-vasculaires, résulte d'un dérèglement du programme génétique de la cellule conduisant à son immortalité et à une prolifération anarchique. En France en 2004, 40 000 nouveaux cas de cancer de la prostate ont été diagnostiqués. Le cancer de la prostate touche an général le sujet âgé et représente la deuxième cause de décès par cancer chez l'homme, après le cancer du poumon. Du fait du vieillissement de la population des pays développés, le nombre de patients atteints par le cancer de la prostate ne va cesser d'augmenter. Afin de palier les problèmes liés à l'utilisation des anticancéreux classiques (manque de sélectivité, résistance, échappement. . . ), le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques pour traiter le cancer de la prostate s'avère indispensable. Depuis 1997, plusieurs états américains ont autorisé l'utilisation du Δ9-THC ( Δ9 – tétrahydrocannabinol, principe actif du cannabis) et de l'un de ses dérivés dans le contrôle des nausées et des vomissements engendrés par la chimiothérapie anticancéreuse. Actuellement plusieurs dérivés du Δ9-THC sont en phase III de tests cliniques pour le traitement des douleurs associées aux cancers. Depuis la caractérisation du Δ9-THC dans les années 60, de nombreux progrès ont été réalisés dans la compréhension de la pharmacologie des cannabinoïdes, notamment par la découverte, au début des années 90, de deux récepteurs couplés à des protéines G: le récepteur CB1, principalement localisé au niveau du système nerveux central (SNC), et le récepteur CB2, présent au niveau périphérique. L'étude de ces récepteurs, rendue possible par le développement de ligands de synthèse, a permis de mettre en évidence des effets anticancéreux (antiprolifératif, proapoptotique. . . ) liés à leur stimulation. Cependant la stimulation du récepteur CB1 pourrait être à l'origine d'effets secondaires du fait de sa localisation dans le SNC. Il serait dès lors intéressant d'étudier le potentiel anticancéreux de ligands sélectifs du récepteur CB2. Dans le cadre de nos recherches visant à élaborer de nouveaux ligands des récepteurs aux cannabinoïdes CB2, nous avons développé une chimiothèque de 98 composés autour d'un motif central hétérocyclique de type quinoléine, naphtyridine ou encore cinnoline substitué en position 3 par une fonction carboxamide. Lors des tests pharmacologiques, ces composés se sont révélés être des agonistes sélectifs du récepteur CB2. Différentes modulations structurales ont été envisagées, comme l'introduction de substituants en position 2, 5, 6, 7 et 8, le remplacement de la fonction carboxamide par son isomère rétroamide ou par une fonction cétone. La réduction en amine secondaire, ou encore le remplacement de la chaïne latérale hydrophobe par d'autres groupements plus hydrophiles ou aromatiques ont également été envisagés. Le potentiel antiprolifératif de ces ligands sélectifs du récepteur CB2 a ensuite été évalué sur différentes lignées cellulaires issues de cancers de la prostateCancer, second cause of mortality nad morbidity in the developed countries, just after cardiovascular diseases, results from a deregulation of the genetic cell program leading to its immortality and its uncontroled proliferation. In France in 2004, about 40,000 new cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed. Prostate cancer reaches in general old people and represents the second cause of death per cancer, after lung cancer. Because of the ageing of the population of developed countries, the number of prostate cancer patients will increase. In order to solve problems related to the use of traditional anti-cancer drugs (lack of selectivity, resistance. . . ), the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat prostate cancer proves to be essential. Since 1997, Δ9-THC ( Δ9 – tétrahydrocannabinol, the major psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa L. ) is currently used to treat nausea and emesis in cancer patient undergoing extensive chemotherapy. Moreover some cannabis-based drugs are in phase three clinical trials for treating pain associated with cancer. Since Δ9-THC characterization in the sixties, many improvements have been made in cannabinoid pharmacology knowledge, particularly, in the nineties with the discovery of two G-protein coupled receptors : the CB1 receptor, which is mainly located in the central nervous system (CNS), and the CB2 receptor which is principally present in the immune system. Thanks to the development of a great variety of new synthetic ligands, the study of these receptors has revealed the anticancer potency of the cannabinoid receptors agonists. CB1 receptor stimulation could induce undesirable effects due to its CNS localization, so we proposed to study the anticancer potency of CB2-selective agonists. In order to develop new potent CB2-selective ligands, a 98-compound library was built using a central heterocyclic ring as quinoleine, naphthyridine or cinnoline, substitued in position 3 by various carboxamido substituents, and hydrophobic side chains in the N1-position. Pharmacological results revealed a strong CB2 selectivity, and an agonist profile for all compounds. Thus, some chemical modulations were next realized as : replacement of the carboxamide link, in position 3, by inverse amide analogue or its reduction in secondary amine ; introduction of differentsubstituents on the position 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8 ; modulation of the N1-position side chain. Anticancer potency of these new potent CB2 receptor ligands was investigated using different prostate cancer cell lines
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Tasso, Thiago Teixeira. „Síntese, caracterização e estudo das propriedades eletrônicas de heterocomplexos formados por 4, 4 , 4 , 4 , tetrassulfoftalocianina de cobalto (II) e tetrakis(N-metil-4- piridil)porfirina de cobalto (II) e formação de filmes Layer-by- Layer“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6483.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
This work reports the synthesis, characterization and investigation of the electronic properties of heterocomplexes formed by cobalt(II) tetrakis(N-methyl-4- pyridyl)porphyrin (CoTMPyP) and cobalt(II) 4, 4 , 4 , 4 , tetrasulfophtalocyanine (CoTsPc) in solution and thin films. Spectroscopic titrations were performed using solutions of the CoTsPc and CoTMPyP macrocycles, and the heteroaggregates stoichiometries were investigated using Job s method. The Job s plots pointed to the formation of supramolecular arrays containing higher proportions of CoTsPc. It was possible, for the first time, to isolate species formed in solution by changing the medium s dielectric constant. After characterization of the isolated species, it was verified that, despite the different stoichiometries, only one heterocomplex was formed, composed by two molecules of CoTsPc in terminal positions and one CoTMPyP molecule. The triad was characterized by mass spectrometry and UV-vis and i.v. absorption spectroscopy. Strong interactions between the charged substituent groups of the CoTsPc and CoTMPyP macrocycles were observed, in addition to the significant changes on the macrocycles electronic levels, due to the coupling of the electronic densities in the face-to-face array. Thin films containing the precursor macrocycles and the triad were grown using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. LbL films of CoTsPc with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) polymer and CoTMPyP with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) polymer were grown up to 30 bilayers. The CoTsPc and CoTMPyP macrocycles, in the mixed LbL films, behave independently, without formation of heteroaggregates during bilayers deposition. Triad s LbL films, using PAH as polyelectrolyte, were also obtained up to 15 bilayers. Cyclic voltammetry measurements of the LbL films demonstrated the coupling of the macrocycles electronic densities in the triad, through changes in the redox potential of both rings and metallic centers.
Neste trabalho relatam-se as etapas de síntese, caracterização e estudo das propriedades eletrônicas de heterocomplexos formados por tetrakis(N-metil-4- piridil)porfirina de cobalto (II) (CoTMPyP) e 4, 4 , 4 , 4 , tetrassulfoftalocianina de cobalto (II) (CoTsPc) em solução e em filmes finos. Foram realizadas titulações espectroscópicas utilizando-se soluções dos macrociclos CoTsPc e CoTMPyP e, através do método de Job foram investigadas as possíveis estequiometrias dos heteroagregagos. Os gráficos de Job apontaram para formação de arranjos supramoleculares com maior proporção de CoTsPc. Utilizando-se as estequiometrias determinadas pelo método de Job, foi possível isolar, pela primeira vez, as espécies formadas em solução através da mudança da constante dielétrica do meio. Após caracterização das espécies isoladas, verificou-se que, apesar das diferentes estequiometrias, ocorreu a formação de somente um heterocomplexo, formado por duas moléculas de CoTsPc em posições terminais e uma de CoTMPyP central. A tríade foi caracterizada por medidas de espectrometria de massas e espectroscopia de absorção na região do i.v. e UV-vis. Observou-se uma forte interação entre os grupos substituintes carregados dos macrociclos CoTsPc e CoTMPyP, além de significativa alteração dos níveis eletrônicos dos anéis macrocíclicos, devido ao acoplamento das densidades eletrônicas no arranjo face-a-face. Filmes finos contendo os macrociclos precursores e a tríade foram preparados a partir da técnica Layer-by-Layer (LbL). Filmes LbL utilizando-se CoTsPc com hidrocloreto de polialilamina (PAH) e CoTMPyP com poliestirenossulfonato (PSS) foram depositados com boa linearidade até 30 bicamadas. Os macrociclos CoTsPc e CoTMPyP nos filmes LbL mistos comportam-se de maneira independente, não havendo a formação de heteroagregados durante a deposição das bicamadas. Foram também obtidos filmes LbL utilizando-se a tríade e PAH como polieletrólitos até 15 bicamadas. Medidas de voltametria cíclica dos filmes LbL demonstraram o acoplamento das densidades eletrônicas dos macrociclos na tríade, através da mudança dos potenciais redox dos anéis e do centro metálico.
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Wintrich, Klaus. „Schädigungsverhalten der einkristallinen Superlegierung CMSX-4 bei Hochtemperaturbelastung“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://elib.tu-darmstadt.de/diss/000446.
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Wilhelmsson, Natalie. „Samverkan 4 U : En studie om samverkan med organisationen Here 4 U“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23678.
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The present study sought to examine the collaborative role of the student organization Here 4 U and the impact of this collaboration on the organization and its partners. As a point of departure a questionnaire was distributed to supervisors, principals and other cooperation partners of Here 4 U, the most prominent quantitative results of which were related to previous research, new institutional theory and empowerment theory. It turned out that partners interacting with Here 4 U felt that the collaboration was necessary and wanted to continue with it. The respondents to the questionnaire were asked to define the concept of collaboration. Factors emphasized by respondents included feeling of community, security, and common goals. The respondents considered the effects of interaction in relation to young people to be positive and maintained that work with young people had been improved by this collaboration. The results of the investigation were then commented on in an interview with the coordinator working for Here 4 U. It transpired that all cooperation partners were pleased with the collaboration with Here 4 U, not only for their own sake, but also for the benefit of preventive work carried out with and for young people.Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka betydelsen för och effekterna av samverkan mellan elevorganisationen Here 4 U och dess partners. Utgångspunkten var en enkät som sändes till berörda handledare, rektorer och andra samverkanspartners. De mest framträdande kvantitativa resultaten från enkäten relaterades till tidigare forskning om nyinstitutionell organisationsteori och empowerment. Det visade sig att de som samverkar med Here 4 U ansåg samarbetet vara nödvändigt och att de ville fortsätta med det i framtiden. Respondenterna hade ombetts definiera samverkansbegreppet. De faktorer som genomgående lyftes fram var gemenskap, trygghet och gemensamma mål. Effekterna av samverkan sades ha positiv effekt på de berörda ungdomarna och bedömdes ha förbättrats med samverkan. En samordnare från Here 4 U ombads därefter kommentera resultaten i en intervju. Slutsatsen blir att samtliga samverkanspartners var nöjda med samverkan med Here 4 U, inte bara för sin egen skull, utan också med tanke på de positiva effekterna i arbetet med och för ungdomar.
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Tsoi, Lai-shan, und 蔡麗珊. „Tumor suppressive functions of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF 4) in neuroblastoma“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208425.
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Neuroblastoma is a childhood solid tumor of a unique propensity to either regress
spontaneously or grow relentlessly. Emerging evidence indicated that neuroblastoma
contains heterogeneous populations of cells, and commitment of these cells to
neuronal lineage may result in aggressive progression in patients, whereas to
fibromuscular lineage may give a favorable outcome. However, mechanism(s)
controlling the lineage commitment of neuroblastoma cells remains to be identified.
Our preliminary data suggested that Kr?ppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4) might promote
neuroblastoma regression. KLF4 is a transcription factor regulating a variety of
cellular functions, including proliferation and cell cycle progression. Recent studies
have demonstrated that KLF4 may act as both tumor suppressor and oncogene in a
cell-context dependent manner. Importantly, our preliminary data showed that low
KLF4 expression is highly associated with poor clinical outcomes of the
neuroblastoma patients. In addition, we found that overexpression of KLF4
suppresses neuroblastoma cell growth accompanied with loss of tumorigenicity.
Morphologically, KLF4 overexpressing cells changed their morphologies to become
epithelial-like, strongly substrate-adherent and expressing smooth muscle marker.
Therefore, we hypothesized that KLF4 exerts its effects through two ways, it may (i)
function to inhibit cell growth and reduce tumorigenicity; and (ii) promote
differentiation of the neuroblastoma cells to the non-tumorigenic, fibromuscular-like
cells.
RT-PCR data revealed the differential expression of KLF4 in 11 neuroblastoma cell
lines. In particular, a modest expression was found in Be(2)C, a cell line which was
formerly demonstrated to differentiate and form tumor in mice xenograft assay. It
was therefore chosen as the study model.
To assess the effects of KLF4 knockdown on tumor growth, stable knockdown clones
from Be(2)C cells were established by lentiviral transduction of KLF4-targeting
shRNA. In parallel, clones that stably expressed non-target shRNA were used as
controls. After the transduction, two stable knockdown clones showing significant
KLF4 downregulation were isolated from single colony (monoclonal stable clones)
and a pool of cells (polyclonal stable clones) respectively. The cell proliferation and
growth rate of the stable clones were then measured by 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine
(BrdU) proliferation assay and growth curve assay. The results have indicated that
both monoclonal and polyclonal stable KLF4 knockdown clones grow faster than the
control clones. In order to examine the tumorigenicity in vivo, the stable clones were
xenotransplanted to severe combined immunodeficient mice. The stable KLF4
knockdown clones showed a significant higher growth rate and formed a larger
tumor. The stable clones were also treated with BrdU for four weeks for
differentiation towards fibromuscular lineage. As anticipated, the control clones
showed fibromuscular features, like more flattened and epithelial-like morphology. In
contrast, the stable KLF4 knockdown clones failed to present the fibromuscular
features after treatment. In addition, immunocytochemistry staining of SMA and
quantitative analysis of the immunocytochemistry further confirmed that only the
control clones showed higher SMA expression after BrdU treatment, while there is no
change in the SMA expression in the stable KLF4 knockdown clones. These results
demonstrated that KLF4 functioned by inhibiting neuroblastoma cell proliferation
and growth, reducing the tumorigenicity, and it was required for fibromuscular
differentiation.published_or_final_version
Surgery
Master
Master of Philosophy
49
Davies, Alexandra Katherine. „An investigation of the function of adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4)“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289777.
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Vesicle trafficking provides the solution to the 'sorting problem' - how the eukaryotic cell maintains the distinct identities, and thus functional properties, of its membrane-bound organelles. During vesicle trafficking, proteins are selectively sorted into membrane bound transport intermediates by vesicle adaptors, which include those of the highly conserved adaptor protein (AP) complex family. Each AP complex has a distinct subcellular localisation and functions in the sorting of a specific subset of transmembrane cargo proteins. Adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is one of the more recently identified AP complexes, whose function has largely remained elusive. In humans, AP-4 deficiency causes a severe neurological disorder, suggesting an important role in neuronal development and homeostasis. However, the pathomechanisms that underly the neuronal pathology in AP-4 deficiency are currently unknown. AP-4 is proposed to function in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), so AP-4 deficiency can be thought of as a disease of missorting. The aim of this study was to apply unbiased global proteomic approaches to define the composition of AP-4 vesicles and to identify physiological cargo proteins of the AP-4 pathway. Using 'Dynamic Organellar Maps' and comparative analysis of vesicle-enriched fractions from wild-type and AP-4-depleted cells, three ubiquitously expressed transmembrane cargo proteins, ATG9A, SERINC1 and SERINC3, were found to be mislocalised in AP-4-deficient cells. Two novel cytosolic AP-4 accessory proteins, RUSC1 and RUSC2, were also identified. Further proteomic analyses confirmed the interactions between these proteins. AP-4 deficiency was found to cause missorting of ATG9A in diverse cell types, including patient derived cells, as well as dysregulation of autophagy. RUSC2 facilitates the transport of AP-4-derived, ATG9A and SERINC-positive vesicles from the TGN to the cell periphery. These vesicles cluster in close association with autophagosomes, suggesting they are the 'ATG9 reservoir' required for autophagosome biogenesis. This study uncovers ATG9A trafficking as a ubiquitous function of the AP-4 pathway. Furthermore, it provides a potential molecular pathomechanism of AP-4 deficiency, through dysregulated spatial control of autophagy.
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Frick, Eduard [Verfasser], und Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. „Funktionelle und strukturelle Charakterisierung von 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvat Dioxygenasen und 4-Hydroxymandelat Synthasen“. Freiburg : Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1115495623/34.
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