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Li, Taotao, Chunli Guo, Bo Sun, Ting Li, Yonggang Li, Lifeng Hou und Yinghui Wei. „Well-shaped Mn3O4 tetragonal bipyramids with good performance for lithium ion batteries“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, Nr. 14 (2015): 7248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05821f.
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Well-shaped Mn3O4 tetragonal bipyramids with a high reversible capacity of 822.3 mA h g−1 are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method without any surfactants or coordination compounds. The formation mechanism of the Mn3O4 tetragonal bipyramids is discussed from the view of crystallography.
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Edelmann, Anja, Sally Brooker, Norbert Bertel, Mathias Noltemeyer, Herbert W. Roesky, George M. Sheldrick und Frank T. Edelmann. „Strukturuntersuchungen an Diaryldichalkogeniden: Die Molekülstrukturen von [2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2S]2,[2,4,6-Me3C6H2Te]2 und [2-Me2N-4,6-(CF3)2C6H2Te]2 / Structural Investigations of Diaryl Dichalcogenides: The Molecular Structures of [2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2S]2, [2,4,6-Me3C6H2Te]2 and [2-Me2N-4,6-(CF3)2C6H2Te]2“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, Nr. 3 (01.03.1992): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-0302.
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Abstract The Molecular Structures of [2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2S]2 (1) [2,4,6-Me3C6H2Te]2 and [2-Me2N-4,6-(CF3)2C6H2Te]2 (3) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: 1: orthorhombic, space group P212121, Z = 4, a = 822.3(2), b = 1029.2(2), c = 2526.6(5) pm (2343 observed independent reflexions, R = 0.042); 2: orthorhombic, space group Iba 2, Z = 8, a = 1546.5(2), b = 1578.4(2), c = 1483.9(1) pm (2051 observed independent reflexions, R = 0.030); 3: monoclinic, space group P 21/c, Z = 4, a = 1118.7(1), b = 1536.5(2), c = 1492.6(2) pm, β = 98.97(1)° (3033 observed independent reflexions, R = 0.025).
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Luo, Han-Sheng, und Yao Liu. „Crystal structure of ethyl 2-methyl-4-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C18H21NO3S“. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 235, Nr. 1 (18.12.2019): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2019-0436.
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AbstractC18H21NO3S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.2345(18) Å, b = 10.842(3) Å, c = 11.573(3) Å, α = 69.174(4)°, β = 77.335(4)°, γ = 79.555(4)°. V = 822.5(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0471, wRref(F2) = 0.1419, T = 296(2) K.
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Tsosane, Mampotso S., Hendrik G. Visser und Alice Brink. „Crystal structure of (E)-2-(((1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)imino)methyl)-5-methylphenol monohydrate, C20H15N3O·H2O“. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 231, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2015-0103.
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AbstractC20H15N3O·H2O, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 7.066(3) Å, b = 9.996(4) Å, c = 12.873(5) Å, α = 86.007(14)°, β = 74.861(14)°, γ = 69.596(13)°, V = 822.4(6) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0424, wRref(F2) = 0.1241, T = 100 K.
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Lo, Kong Mun, See Mun Lee und Edward R. T. Tiekink. „Crystal structure of chlorido-dimethyl-(phenylpiperazine-1-carbodithioato-κ2S,S′)tin(IV), C13H19ClN2S2Sn“. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 234, Nr. 6 (26.11.2019): 1309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2019-0501.
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AbstractC13H19ClN2S2Sn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.5837(2) Å, b = 9.9458(2) Å, c = 12.8720(3) Å, α = 85.344(2)°, β = 79.508(2)°, γ = 83.832(2)°, V = 822.33(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0176, wRref(F2) = 0.0461, T = 100 K.
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Haberer, Almut, Michael Enders, Reinhard Kaindl und Hubert Huppertz. „High-pressure Synthesis and Characterization of the Fluoride Borate Tm5(BO3)2F9“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, Nr. 10 (01.10.2010): 1213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-1006.
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The rare earth fluoride borate Tm5(BO3)2F9 was synthesized from Tm2O3, B2O3, and TmF3 under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 5 GPa and 900 °C in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus. The single-crystal structure determination revealed that Tm5(BO3)2F9 is isotypic to the compounds RE5(BO3)2F9 (RE = Er,Yb). Tm5(BO3)2F9 crystallizes in the space group C2/c (Z = 4) with the parameters a = 2030.9(4), b = 606.2(2), c = 822.6(2) pm, β = 100.5(1)°, V = 995.7(3) Å3, R1 = 0.0341, and wR2 = 0.0724 (all data). The structure is composed of isolated BO3 groups, ninefold coordinated thulium cations, and fluoride anions. Infrared and Raman spectroscopic data of Tm5(BO3)2F9 are compared to the data of RE5(BO3)2F9 (RE = Er, Yb).
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Jatobá, Adolfo, Esmeralda Chamorro Legarda, Larissa Stockhausen und Felipe do Nascimento Vieira. „First report: Amazon River Prawn reared in biofloc technology“. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 19, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/223811711932020377.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of biofloc technology to reared Amazon River prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum). One hundred Amazon River prawn juveniles were divided into two experimental units (250 L), 50 animals per each. Prawns were fed two times per day, with 3% of the prawn biomass. Dissolved oxygen and temperature were performed twice a day. Total suspended solids, pH, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate were monitored twice a week. Prawns showed 77.67%, survival, 2.98 feed conversion, weekly weight gain of 0.29 g day-1, and yield of 822.0 g m-3 after six weeks of rearing. Dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH were suitable for the species, however, for some weeks, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite were higher than the limits recommended for prawn. In conclusion it is possible to use BFT to maintain and rearing Amazon River Prawn (M. amazonicum), however to improve the performance it is necessary to define nutritional requirements, as well improve the management techniques for this species in BFT.
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Prejzner, Witold, Andrzej Mital, Maria Bieniaszewska, Aleksandra Leszczyńska, Agata Szymańska, Michał Czarnogórski und Andrzej Hellmann. „Clinical characteristics of essential thrombocythemia patients depend on the mutation status“. Acta Haematologica Polonica 51, Nr. 4 (01.12.2020): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahp-2020-0040.
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AbstractThe impact of the mutation status on the clinical course and the outcome of essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients has not yet been completely established. A total of 171 patients with diagnosed ET were tested and subsequently grouped, according to their mutation status – Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) – 112 patients, calreticulin (CALR) – 36 patients, and thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) – 5 patients. Moreover, 18 individuals were triple-negative (with non-mutated JAK2, CALR, and MPL). CALR-mutated patients preferentially were male, with higher platelets (PLT) counts (mean PLT = 1 002.3) and lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels at the diagnosis, compared to the JAK2 (mean PLT = 933.6), MPL (mean PLT = 940.8) and triple-negative patients (mean PLT = 822.6) (p = 0.0035). The patients with CALR mutated, and the triple-negative ones had a lower risk of arterial and venous thrombosis (3% and 5.6% cases at the time of diagnosis, respectively) than the patients with JAK2 mutation (7.2%) (p = 0.9210). The overall survival rate did not differ statistically between the groups.
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Heletta, Lukas, und Rainer Pöttgen. „Zinc-lead ordering in equiatomic rare earth plumbides REZnPb (RE=La–Nd and Sm–Tb)“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 74, Nr. 2 (25.02.2019): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2018-0256.
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AbstractThe plumbides REZnPb (RE=rare earth metals La–Nd and Sm–Tb) were synthesized by induction melting of the elements in sealed niobium ampoules. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. The structures of the praseodymium and neodymium compound were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: YPtAs type, P63/mmc, a=461.32(8), c=1658.00(3) pm, wR2=0.0588, 267 F2 values, 12 variables for PrZnPb and a=460.12(3), c=1642.7(1), wR2=0.0617, 243 F2 values, 12 variables for NdZnPb. The plumbides with RE=La, Ce, Sm, Gd and Tb are isotypic while the Zintl phase EuZnPb crystallizes with the orthorhombic TiNiSi type, Pnma, a=796.6(2), b=482.53(9), c=822.9(2) pm. The zinc and lead atoms build up polyanionic networks: slightly puckered Zn3Pb3 layers in AA′BB′ stacking sequence in the YPtAs type plumbides and a three-dimensional [ZnPb]2− network with distorted tetrahedral ZnPb4/4 coordination in EuZnSn. The different crystal structures are a consequence of the valence electron count, i.e. 18 for EuZnSn and 19 for the hexagonal plumbides. The crystal chemical details and bonding peculiarities are discussed.
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Tuncel, Selcan, Ute Ch Rodewald, Samir F. Matar, Bernard Chevalier und Rainer Pöttgena. „New Intermetallic Compounds RE4Co2Mg3 (RE = Pr, Gd, Tb, Dy) – Syntheses, Structure, and Chemical Bonding“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, Nr. 2 (01.02.2007): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0204.
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The magnesium compounds RE4Co2Mg3 (RE = Pr, Gd, Tb, Dy) were prepared by induction melting of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes. The samples were studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The structures of the gadolinium and of the terbium compound were refined from single crystal diffractometer data: Nd4Co2Mg3-type, P2/m, Z = 1, a = 754.0(4), b = 374.1(1), c = 822.5(3) pm, β = 109.65(4)°, wR2 = 0.0649, 730 F2 values for Gd4Co2Mg3 and a = 750.4(2), b = 372.86(6), c = 819.5(2) pm, β = 109.48(3)°, wR2 = 0.0398, 888 F2 values for Tb4Co2Mg3 with 30 variables each. The RE4Co2Mg3 structures are 3 : 1 intergrowth variants of distorted CsCl and AlB2 related slabs of compositions REMg and RECo2. Characteristic structural features (exemplary for Tb4Co2Mg3) are relatively short Tb-Co (271 pm), Co-Co (232 pm) and Mg-Mg (314 pm) distances. The latter are a geometrical constraint of the distortion of the REMg and RECo2 slabs. Chemical bonding analysis (ELF and ECOV data) for Gd4Co2Mg3 reveals strong Gd-Co bonding followed by Mg-Co, while the Mg-Mg interactions can be considered as weak. The Co-Co contacts are only weakly bonding. The bonding and antibonding states are almost filled.
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Firjatullah, Rafi Fadlurrahman, und Dira Ernawati. „OPTIMALISASI RUTE DISTRIBUSI PRODUK TANGKI BAHAN BAKAR DENGAN ANALISIS BULLWHIP EFFECT METODE NEAREST INSERT DAN NEAREST NEIGHBOR DI PT XYZ“. JUMINTEN 2, Nr. 1 (31.01.2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/juminten.v2i1.212.
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Sepeda motor memiliki berbagai komponen yang disematkan agar dapat berkerja dengan baik. PT. XYZ merupakan salah satu distributor komponen sepeda motor yang diperoleh dari berbagai produsen dan pengrajin yang mulai berdiri sejak tahun 2012 di Kota Surabaya dan telah memiliki tiga cabang di wilayah Jawa Timur. Salah satu komponen sepeda motor yang disediakan adalah tangki bahan bakar khususnya untuk sepeda motor CB. Dalam perkembangannya permintaan produk tangki bahan bakar CB terus meningkat yang menimbulkan permasalahan rute pendistribusian produk ke cabang yang dimiliki oleh PT. XYZ. Usulan solusi yang digunakan dalam pemecahan masalah distribusi dengan metode Nearest Insert dan Nearest Neighbor serta menggunakan metode analisis Bullwhip Effect. Metode Nearest Insert dan Nearest Neighbor digunakan untuk menambahkan konsumen terdekat untuk melengkapi rute dari titik terdekat hingga titik akhir distribusi. Analisis Bullwhip Effect digunakan untuk mengetahui cabang yang harus dilakukan pengawasan lebih. Dengan dilakukannya penelitian tentang pendistribusian produk tangki CB diharapkan permasalahan tentang jarak dan biaya pengiriman dapat diminimalkan sehingga proses pendistribusian produk tangki CB menjadi lebih efisien dan optimal. Rute paling optimal yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah rute 1 C0-C11-C12-10-C9-C0, rute 2 C0-C2-C7-C8-C0 dan rute 3 C0-C5-C4-C3-C1-C6-C0 dengan total jarak 822.5 km dengan total biaya sebesar Rp. 193.865.965,-. Dengan hasil tersebut didapatkan penghematan jarak 359,7 km atau 30,42% per tahun dari rute awal yaitu 1182.2 km dan didapatkan penghematan biaya sebesar Rp. 44.768.868,- atau 18.76% per tahun dari rute awal yaitu Rp.238.654.833,- per tahun.
Kata kunci : Analisa Bullwhip Effect, Nearest Insert dan Nearest Neigbor, Rute Distribusi.
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Michalski, Max P., Tonya W. An, Edward T. Haupt, Brandon Yeshoua, Jari Salo und Glenn Pfeffer. „Abnormal Bone Morphology in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease“. Foot & Ankle International 43, Nr. 4 (15.12.2021): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10711007211055460.
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Background: Although long suspected, it has yet to be shown whether the foot and ankle deformities of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) are generally associated with abnormalities in osseous shape. Computed tomography (CT) was used to quantify morphologic differences of the calcaneus, talus, and navicular in CMT compared with healthy controls. Methods: Weightbearing CT scans of 21 patients (27 feet) with CMT were compared to those of 20 healthy controls. Calcaneal measurements included radius of curvature, sagittal posterior tuberosity-posterior facet angle, and tuberosity coronal rotation. Talar measurements included axial and sagittal body-neck declination angle, and coronal talar head rotation. Surface-mesh model analysis of the hindfoot was performed comparing the average of the CMT cohort to the controls using a CT analysis software (Disior Bonelogic 2.0). Means were compared with a t test ( P < .05). Results: CMT patients had significantly less talar sagittal declination vs controls (17.8 vs 25.1 degrees; P < .05). Similarly, CMT patients had less talar head coronal rotation vs controls (30.8 vs 42.5 degrees; P < .001). The calcaneal radius of curvature in CMT patients was significantly smaller than controls (822.8 vs 2143.5 mm; P < .05). CMT sagittal posterior tuberosity–posterior facet angle was also significantly different from that of controls (60.3 vs 67.9 degrees respectively; P < .001). Surface-mesh model analysis demonstrated the largest differences in morphology at the navicular tuberosity, medial talar head, sustentaculum tali, and anterior process of the calcaneus. Conclusion: This is the first study to quantify the morphologic differences in hindfoot osteology seen in CMT patients. Patients identified with osseous changes of the calcaneus, especially a smaller axial radius of curvature, may benefit from a 3-dimensional osteotomy for correction.
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Walbaum, Magdalena, Shaun Scholes, Rubén Rojas, Jennifer S. Mindell und Elena Pizzo. „Projection of the health and economic impacts of Chronic kidney disease in the Chilean population“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 9 (08.09.2021): e0256680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256680.
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Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a leading public health problem, with substantial burden and economic implications for healthcare systems, mainly due to renal replacement treatment (RRT) for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The aim of this study is to develop a multistate predictive model to estimate the future burden of CKD in Chile, given the high and rising RRT rates, population ageing, and prevalence of comorbidities contributing to CKD. Methods A dynamic stock and flow model was developed to simulate CKD progression in the Chilean population aged 40 years and older, up to the year 2041, adopting the perspective of the Chilean public healthcare system. The model included six states replicating progression of CKD, which was assumed in 1-year cycles and was categorised as slow, medium or fast progression, based on the underlying conditions. We simulated two different treatment scenarios. Only direct costs of treatment were included, and a 3% per year discount rate was applied after the first year. We calibrated the model based on international evidence; the exploration of uncertainty (95% credibility intervals) was undertaken with probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results By the year 2041, there is an expected increase in cases of CKD stages 3a to ESKD, ceteris paribus, from 442,265 (95% UI 441,808–442,722) in 2021 to 735,513 (734,455–736,570) individuals. Direct costs of CKD stages 3a to ESKD would rise from 322.4M GBP (321.7–323.1) in 2021 to 1,038.6M GBP (1,035.5–1,041.8) in 2041. A reduction in the progression rates of the disease by the inclusion of SGLT2 inhibitors and pre-dialysis treatment would decrease the number of individuals worsening to stages 5 and ESKD, thus reducing the total costs of CKD by 214.6M GBP in 2041 to 824.0M GBP (822.7–825.3). Conclusions This model can be a useful tool for healthcare planning, with development of preventive or treatment plans to reduce and delay the progression of the disease and thus the anticipated increase in the healthcare costs of CKD.
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Padhi, Somanath, RajLaxmi Sarangi, Anita Ramdas, Kandasamy Ravichandran, Renu G’Boy Varghese, Thomas Alexander, George Kurien und Sudhagar Mookkappan. „CUTANEOUS HYPERPIGMENTATION IN MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA: A FIVE YEAR RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW.“ Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 8 (10.04.2016): 2016021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2016.021.
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Background: Cutaneous hyperpigmentation is an often overlooked clinical sign in megaloblastic anemia (MA) which has been sporadically reported in the literature.Methods: We describe the bone marrow (BM) changes and clinicolaboaratory characteristics of 25 of 198 adult cases (>16 years) with cutaneous hyperpigmentation who underwent BM evaluation for cytopenia (s).Results: Twenty-one of 25 cases (84%) had MA, while MA without hyperpigmentation occurred only in 12 of remainder 173 cases (P<0.001). Knuckle pad hyperpigmentation (KP) was noted in 16 (64%) cases; whereas 9 (36%) had diffuse brownish black discoloration (DP) of the palms and /or soles. Eighteen of 25 (72%) cases had pancytopenia (13 with KP) and 7 of 25 (28%) had bicytopenia (3 with KP). In addition, five cases (20%) presented with pyrexia of unknown origin. Of the 17 cases where data available, eleven were B12 deficient [<190 pg/ml; eight had severe deficiency (<100 pg/ml); ref.; 190-800pg/ml], while 4 had pure folate deficiency (< 4.0 ng/ml; ref.; 4-20ng/ml); and remainder 2 had combined B12 and folate deficiency. Compared to those with diffuse pigmentation; KP group had lower Hb (69.6 ± 24.2 vs. 86.3 ± 33.9 g/L), higher MCV (106.1 ±12.6 vs. 99.2 ± 7.6 fL), lower platelet count (50.9 ± 29.3 vs. 69.6 ± 36.5 x 109/L), and lower median B12 [100.0 (30.0 – 822.0) vs. 316.0 (142.0 – 1617.3) pg/ml] (P>0.05). In six cases where follow-up data were available, there was significant reversal of hyperpigmentation at 12 weeks following parenteral cobalamine therapy. In all five cases with pyrexia, fever subsided after 24 to 72 hours following administration of parenteral cobalamine therapy.Conclusion: Cutaneous hyperpigmentation, pyrexia, and cytopenia (s) are strongly associated with megaloblastic anemia. Knuckle pad hyperpigmentation is much more common than diffuse pigmentation of the palms and/or soles in such patents. A nonsignificant trend towards a greater degree of MA was found in cases with pigmentation of the knuckles.
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Barros, Lívia Vieira de, Mário Fonseca Paulino, David Steban Conteras Marquez, Carla Heloisa Avelino Cabral, Felipe Gomes da Silva, Daniela Soares Alves Caldeira, Sidnei Antônio Lopes und Felipe Henrique de Moura. „Suplementação em sistema de creep-feeding de bezerros de corte lactentes e avaliação nutricional de matrizes de corte“. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, Nr. 5 (21.10.2015): 3431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n5p3431.
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<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the productive and nutritional performance of suckling calves fed only a mineral mix (MM) or different levels of multiple supplement and the milk yield and nutritional parameters of beef cows on <em>Uruchloa decumbens </em>pastures. Thirty-two suckling calves, with an average age of 3 months and average initial weight of 109.3 ± 0.84 kg, and their respective mothers, with an average initial weight of 447.2 ± 47.1 kg, were used. The experimental design was completely randomized. The supplement contained approximately 25% crude protein (CP), and treatments consisted of the supply of different of multiple supplement levels for the calves. The levels of supply of the supplements were 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of the body weight for treatments N0.2, N0.4, and N0.6, respectively. The animals from the control treatment (MM) received only an MM <em>ad libitum</em>. The average daily gain (ADG) of the calves was 731.2, 810.6, 822.7, and 895.2 grams for treatments MM, N0.2, N0.4, and N0.6, respectively. Supplemented calves showed greater weight gain. The multiple supplement levels offered to the calves had a positive linear effect (P<0.10) on their ADG. The intakes in kg/ day of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP, non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), digestible DM, digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were higher (P<0.10) for animals that received multiple supplements compared with those fed only an MM. The levels of supply of multiple supplements had an increasing linear effect on ether extract (EE) intake, and a quadratic effect was found on DM intake, forage DM, OM, forage OM, CP, NFC, digestible DM, and TDN. The total apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, NDF, NFC, and TDN were higher (P<0.10) for the animals that received multiple supplements. With the levels of supply of multiple supplements, an increasing linear effect was observed on EE digestibility. Calf supplementation did not affect the performance, milk yield, or nutritional parameters of the cows (P>0.10).</p>
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SABITOV, M. T., M. G. MALIKOVA, A. R. FARKHUTDINOVA, N. G. FENCHENKO und N. I. KHAIRULLINA. „ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ МИНЕРАЛЬНО-ВИТАМИННОЙ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ «НАДЕЖДА» НА ПРИРОСТ ТЕЛЯТ“. Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo, Nr. 4 (20.07.2019): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33943/mms.2019.4.37464.
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Изучена и научно обоснована целесообразность использования в рационах телят чернопестрой породы комплексной минеральновитаминной кормовой добавки (КМВКД), в состав которой были введеныингредиенты: обесфторенный фосфат, мел кормовой, цеолит природный, сапропель, сера кормовая, магнезит, соль поваренная, соли микроэлементов и витамины А, D, Е. В экспериментальных исследованиях, проведенных на 4 группах телят, изучили влияние скармливания КМВКД на поедаемость кормов, прирост живой массы, расход корма на получение 1 кг прироста живой массы и рассчитали экономическую эффективность ее применения. При анализе рационов телят установлено, что содержание в кормах кальция, фосфора, магния, серы и микроэлементов (марганца, меди, цинка и кобальта) пониженное. Соотношение питательных и минеральных веществ, степень их доступности для усвоения организмом животных не обеспечивает потребность в них. В исследованиях установлено, что использование КМВКД положительно отразилось на поедаемости, переваримости и усвояемости питательных веществ корма и способствовало увеличению прироста живой массы телят. У молодняка контрольной группы, потреблявшего с основным рационом минеральные подкормки по нормам, среднесуточный прирост составил 750 г, а вIопытной группе, получавшей подкормку по рецепту 1 822,2 г, воII(рецепт 2)850 г иIIIгруппе (рецепт 3)934,4 г, или на 9,63, 13,3 и 24,6 больше, чем в контроле. В опытных группах на получение 1 кг прироста живой массы израсходовано меньше кормовых единиц на 9,74, 12,14 и 19,80 сырого протеина на 11,21, 10,94 и 18,52 и переваримого на 7,65 10,95 и 18,84. Себестоимость 1 ц прироста живой массы у животных опытных групп была ниже на 4,18, 8,93 и 17,13, а рентабельность выше на 4,4, 6,2 и 10,24.The goal of the study consisted in providing scientific evidence of the expediency of using a complex mineral and vitamin feed supplement (CMVFS) comprising defluorinated phosphate, feed chalk, natural zeolite, sapropel, feed sulfur, magnesite, fine salt, salts of trace elements and vitamins A, D and E in rations for BlackandWhite calves. The experiments carried out with four calf groups investigated the effect of the CMVFS on feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio (per 1 kg of weight gain) and involved the calculation of an economic benefit of using the supplement. The analysis of calf rations has shown that the feeds have low contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements (manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt). The ratio of nutrients to minerals and their bioavailability do not cover the need of the animals in the elements. The study demonstrated a positive effect of the CMVFS on feed intake, the digestibility and the availability of feed nutrients and the increase of a calf live weight gain. Calves from the control group receiving standard mineral supplements in addition to a base ration had an average daily weight gain of 750 g, an average daily weight gain of calves from the experimental group I receiving the supplement according to the recipe n 1 was 822.2 g, that of calves from group II (recipe n 2)was 850 g and that of calves from group III (recipe n 3) was 934.4 g, or exceeded the control by 9.63, 13.3 and 24.6. In the experimental groups the feed conversion ratio (per 1 kg of weight gain) was less in terms of feed units by 9.74, 12.14 and 19.80 in terms of crude protein by 11.21, 10.94 and 18.52 and in terms of digestible crude protein by 7.65 10.95 and 18.84. The cost value of 1 centner of live weight gain in animals from the experimental groups was lower by 4.18, 8.93 and 17.13 and the profit was higher by 4.4, 6.2 and 10.24.
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Campbell, Sara, Paul Wisniewski, Laurie Joseph und Stan Lightfoot. „Intestinal inflammation in response to omega 3 and 6 intake (822.8)“. FASEB Journal 28, S1 (April 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.822.8.
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Gurzell, Eric, Jason Wiesinger, William Harris und Jenifer Fenton. „Is the omega‐3 index a valid marker of intestinal membrane phospholipid EPA+DHA content? (822.2)“. FASEB Journal 28, S1 (April 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.822.2.
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De Lorenzi, Davide, Giulia Maggi, Diana Bertoncello, Francesco Porciello und Maria C. Marchesi. „Dumon silicone stents can improve respiratory function in dogs with grade IV tracheal collapse: 12 cases (2019–2023)“. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 03.04.2024, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.23.12.0722.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy, complications, and outcome of Dumon silicone stent placement for dogs with grade IV tracheal collapse. ANIMALS 12 client-owned dogs. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Each dog was diagnosed with grade IV TC unresponsive to medical therapy and had severe obstructive respiratory failure. RESULTS 12 dogs were included in the study. By the end of the study, 5 of 12 (41.7%) remained alive, while 7 of 12 (58.3%) dogs died. Survival times after stent placement ranged from 97 to 1,310 days (mean, 822.43 days; median, 810 days). Three of the 12 (25%) dogs died spontaneously, while 4 of 12 (33.3%) were euthanized. The cause of death was determined for 6 of 7 (85.7%) dogs and was TC related for 3 of 7 (50%). Causes of death related to TC were progressive airway collapse (2/3 [66.6%]) and incoercible cough (1/3 [33.4%]). Complications occurred in 9 of 12 (75%) cases and included granulation tissue growth (3/12 [25%]), incoercible cough (2/12 [16.7%]), stent migration (1/12 [8.3%]), and stent deformation (1/12 [8.3%]). Reduction of obstructive dyspnea and episodes of asphyxiation was achieved after Dumon silicone stent placement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The placement of an intraluminal Dumon silicone stent was a successful salvage treatment for TC in dogs that did not respond to medical management. Disease progression is inevitable, but substantial improvement of respiratory function may be achieved for months to years.
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Tekçe, Neslihan, Seda Aydemir, Mustafa Demirci, Safa Tuncer, Selen Bozkaya, Elif Sevilay Yıldırım und Şeyma Akman. „Evaluation of Fracture Strength and Total Void Amount in Composite Restorations on Endodontically Treated Teeth“. Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences, 11.01.2021, 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.2021.45371.
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Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the fracture strength of different composite resins and the quantity of voids in conventional posterior composite, high-flow flowable composite, bulk-fill flowable composite, and fiber-reinforced composite. Materials and Methods: Forty-four caries-free, freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used for this study. Teeth were prepared for cavity and root canal treatment. Subsequently, root canal treatment was applied to the teeth and cavities in order to prepare them for restorations. The specimens were then divided into four groups: group-1: Estelite Posterior; group-2: Estelite Flow Quick High Flow; group-3: Estelite Bulk-fill Flow; group-4: everX Posterior. One specimen from each experimental group was examined using micro-CT to perform measurement of voids. Results: The fracture strength values of high-flow flowable, bulk-fill flowable, fiber-reinforced, and conventional micro-hybrid composites were found to be similar (p=0.497). EverX Posterior showed the highest fracture strength values (841.1±149.4 N), followed by Estelite Bulk-fill Flow (822.8±170.8 N). Conclusion: Volume of voids (%) obtained from Micro-CT analysis revealed that restorations with high-flow liner or bulk-fill flowable exhibited more voids. The fiber-reinforced composite showed the lowest percentage volume of incorporating voids and the highest fracture strength results.
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Maruno, Masataka, Katsunori Imai, Yosuke Nakao, Yuki Kitano, Takayoshi Kaida, Kosuke Mima, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Yo-Ichi Yamashita, Yoshiki Mikami und Hideo Baba. „Multiple hepatic inflammatory pseudotumors with elevated alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein lectin 3 fraction with various PET accumulations: a case report“. Surgical Case Reports 7, Nr. 1 (28.04.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40792-021-01188-6.
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Abstract Background Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare, benign, tumor-like lesion. Because there are no characteristic laboratory markers or radiological features, hepatic IPT is often misdiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Case presentation A 68-year-old man with liver dysfunction due to chronic hepatitis C virus infection and alcoholic liver disease presented with hepatic tumors in segments III and VIII. The levels of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and its Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction, AFP lectin 3 (AFP-L3), were elevated to 822.8 ng/ml and 75.2%, respectively. The tumor showed contrast enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed tomography and various accumulation on positron emission tomography. Based on these biological and imaging features, HCC was suspected, and we performed laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for these two tumors. Pathological diagnosis revealed that both tumors were hepatic IPTs with no malignant characteristics. After hepatectomy, the serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels decreased to the normal range. Conclusion We report a very rare case of hepatic IPT with elevated serum AFP and AFP-L3, mimicking HCC. Clinicians should include this rare neoplasm in the differential diagnoses of hepatic tumors even when the serum markers for HCC are elevated.
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Purandare, Snehal N., Aishwarya U. Chavan und Brijesh U. Patil. „TO STUDY THE INCIDENCE, ETIOLOGY AND CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM AMYLASE LEVELS AND BALTHAZAR SCORE (SEVERITY) IN PATIENTS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, 01.09.2020, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/1636450.
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Acute pancreatitis is a heterogeneous disease ranging from minimal pancreatic inflammation seen in mild interstitial pancreatitis to extensive pancreatic necrosis and liquefaction of severe attacks. The incidence of acute pancreatitis is 33.3 per 100,000 population. Maximum number of patients with acute pancreatitis belong to the age groups of 26 – 35 years and 36- 45 years with 34.8% of cases in each of the mentioned age groups. The mean age of presentation was 39 years. Out of the 89 patients who were diagnosed with pancreatitis, only 5 patients were females while all others were males. The male to female ratio was 16.8: 1 with male preponderance. On presentation, all 89 patients (100%) had pain in abdomen, 89.9% of the cases had vomiting and 64% of the cases had radiating back pain as the presenting symptoms. Alcohol abuse was found to be the most common cause of pancreatitis isolated in 89.9% of the patients which explains the 16.8:1 male female ratio. The second most common cause was gallstone induced pancreatitis (9%) while idiopathic pancreatitis was found in 1.1% of the cases. None of the patients had other rare causes of pancreatitis amongst the miscellaneous category. The sensitivity of serum amylase was 84.3% while the specificity of serum amylase was 55.9%. For Balthazar score (inflammation) 1, 2, 3 the mean serum amylase value (U/L) was 696.5, 829.6 and 822.0 respectively. [Normal Range: 22 – 80U/L in our institute] For Balthazar score (necrosis) 0, 2, 4 the mean serum amylase value (U/L) was 738.1, 57.7 and 43 respectively. [Normal Range: 22 – 80U/L in our institute] As the Balthazar score (necrosis) increases, the value of serum amylase remains in the normal limits and does not increase suggesting an inverse correlation between the two.
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Hussein, Mahitab Morsy, Enas Maher Mohamed, Tarek Mostafa Kamal und Tharwat Ezzat Deraz. „Increased susceptibility to complicated pneumonia among egyptian children with FokI (rs2228570), not TaqI (rs731236), vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in association with vitamin D deficiency: a case-control study“. BMC Pediatrics 23, Nr. 1 (09.08.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04192-x.
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Abstract Background Determining a genetic contribution to the development of complicated community-acquired pneumonia in children may help understand underlying pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the association between two vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, FokI and TaqI, and susceptibility to complicated pneumonia in Egyptian children compared to uncomplicated pneumonia. Associations with 25 hydroxy-vitamin D serum level were studied. Methods This was a case-control study that included 320 participants divided into 2 groups: patients and controls. The patients’ group included 100 children hospitalized with complicated pneumonia and 100 with uncomplicated pneumonia. 120 age and sex-matched apparently healthy children served as controls. The VDR FokI and TaqI polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. 25 hydroxy-vitamin D level was estimated in serum using ELISA. Results Regarding FokI, homozygous CC genotype was more common in complicated (52%) than uncomplicated pneumonia (28%) and controls (10%) (OR = 65; 95%CI (5.13-822.63), p < 0.001) and (OR = 4.3; 95%CI (0.7-27.16), p = 0.003), respectively. Children carrying C allele possessed 3 higher odds for complicated than uncomplicated pneumonia (OR = 3.08; 95%CI (1.33–7.14), p < 0.001). Heterozygous CT genotype increased susceptibility to complicated pneumonia (OR = 13.7; 95%CI (4.6–40.1), p < 0.001), not uncomplicated pneumonia (OR = 1.56; 95%CI (0.86–2.85), p = 0.145). Among complicated pneumonia, vitamin D level was lower in CC (6.92 ± 2.6ng/ml) than CT (9.55 ± 3.2 ng/ml) and TT genotype carriers (13.13 ± 3.6ng/ml) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between patients and controls as regards TaqI genotypes and alleles. Conclusion In association with vitamin D deficiency, VDR gene FokI polymorphism, not TaqI, is a genetic risk factor for complicated pneumonia in Egyptian children.
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Sánchez del Valle, Francisco José, Luis De Nicolás, Guillermo Fernández, Pedro Fernández, Esther Gómez und Inmaculada Aranaz Corral. „Comparison of a gelatin thrombin versus a modified absorbable polymer as a unique treatment for severe hepatic hemorrhage in swine“. Scientific Reports 13, Nr. 1 (27.11.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41983-9.
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AbstractThere are many surgical techniques (packing, Pringle maneuver, etc.) and hemostatic agents to manage hepatic bleeding in trauma surgery. This study compares the effectiveness of two different types of hemostatic agents, one is an active flowable hemostat and the other is a passive hemostat made of modified absorbable polymers [MAP]. Both surgical technique and hemostatic agents can be used together as a means of controlling bleeding. We have hypothesized that a single hemostatic agent might be as effective as a unique hemostatic surgical technique. Twenty swine were prospectively randomized to receive either active Flowable (Floseal) or passive MAP powder (PerClot) hemostatic agents. We used a novel severe liver injury model that caused exsanguinating hemorrhage. The main outcome measure was total blood loss volume. The total volume of blood loss, from hepatic injury to minute 120, was significantly lower in the Flowable group (407.5 cm3; IqR: 195.0–805.0 cm3) compared to MAP group (1107.5 cm3; IqR: 822.5 to 1544.5 cm3) (Hodges–Lehmann median difference: − 645.0 cm3; 95% CI: − 1144.0 to − 280.0 cm3; p = 0.0087). The rate of blood loss was significantly lower in the flowable group compared with the MAP group as measured from time of injury to minutes 3, 9, 12, and 120 (except for 6 min). The mean arterial pressure gradually recovered in the flowable group by 24 h, whereas in the MAP group, the mean arterial pressure was consistently stayed below baseline values. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated similar rates of death between study groups (Logrank test p = 0.3395). Both the flowable and the MAP hemostatic agents were able to effectively control surgical bleeding in a novel severe liver injury model, however, the flowable gelatin–thrombin agent provided quicker and better bleed control.
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Aksu, Yusuf, Servet Kahveci, Şaban Tiryaki, Murat Şahin und Fezan Mutlu. „Assessment of Cerebral Arterial Flow Volume Changes with Carotid Vertebral Artery Duplex Doppler Ultrasound in Young-Middle-aged Subclinical Hashimoto Thyroiditis Patients“. Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 19 (22.12.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405619666221222105801.
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Objectives: To demonstrate cerebral arterial flow volume changes during the hypothyroid, euthyroid, and hyperthyroid phases and comparing ( between laboratory findings and cerebral arterial flow changes with carotid-vertebral duplex Doppler ultrasound (CVA-DUSG) in subclinical Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) patients. Methods: According to the TSH level, 3 groups were constructed between patient cases. Group 1 (n=29) was the subclinical hyperthyroid group. In this group, the TSH level was between 0.0005 and 0.3 IU/ml. Group 2 (n=175) was the euthyroid group. TSH level in this group was between 0.3 and 4.2 IU/ml. Group 3 (n=76) was the subclinical hypothyroid group. In this group, the TSH level was above 4.2 IU/ml. The control-group (group 4) (n=71) included healthy people. In this group, the TSH level was between 0.3 and 4.2 IU/ml. After obtaining at least three consecutive waves from the bilateral internal cerebral artery and bilateral vertebral artery, volume flows were calculated using CVA-DUSG. Volume flows were calculated as peak systolic velocity + end diastolic velocity/2 × mean arterial diameter. The mean ICA(Internal Carotid Artery) and VA(Vertebral Artery) diameter was measured per ICA and VA. Total cerebral artery flow volume was defined as right ICA + right VA flow volume and left ICA + left VA flow volume. We also demonstrated topographic cerebral artery blood flow changes. Total ICA flow volume was used to assess the anterior part of the brain, total VA flow volume was used to evaluate the posterior part of the brain, right ICA + right VA flow volume was used to assess the right part of the brain, and left ICA + left VA flow volume was used to verify the left part of the brain. Results: There were significant differences between RVA(Right Vertebral Artery) flow volume, LICA (Left Internal Carotid Artery) flow volume, total flow volume, TSH, and T3 and T4 levels in all groups according to the Dunn's multiple comparison test.(p<0.001) Mean TSH level was 0.03 (0.005-0.06) IU/ml in group 1, 2.8 (1.8-3.97) IU/ml in group 2, 7.32 (6.14-9.93) IU/ml in group 3, and 1.76 (1.17-2.49) IU/ml in the control group. The mean T3 level was 4.18 (3.55-5.38) in group 1, 2.88 (2.63-3.16) in group 2, 2.82 (2.49-3.15) in group 3, 3.14 (2.92-3.15) in the control group. The mean T4 level was 1.92 (1.29-2.5) in group 1, 1.16(1.03-1.31) in group 2, 1.01 (0.91-1.16) in group 3, 1.12 (0.97-1.30) in the control group (group 4). Mean total flow volume was 793 (745-898) ml/min in group 1, 742 (684.25-822.5) ml/min in group 2, 747 (692-824) ml/min in group 3, and 700 (673-675) ml/min in the control group. We also demonstrated topographic cerebral arterial volume flow changes with CVA-DUSG. There was a significant difference among all groups in the right and anterior parts of the brain (p < 0.001), and there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 4 in the left part of the brain (p = 0.009). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that total cerebral arterial volume flow increased in the hyperthyroid phase of subclinical HT cases without any internal carotid and vertebral artery diameter changes compared with the euthyroid and hypothyroid phases of subclinical HT and healthy cases. We also verified topographic cerebral arterial blood flow changes in subclinical HT cases with a real-time, easily applicable modality (CVA-DUSG) that does not include X-ray or contrast agents. There was a significant difference between all groups in the right and anterior parts of the brain and there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 4 in the left part of the brain.
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Brigl, Carolin, Julia Münster, Sita Arjune, Nathalie Demoulin, Ronald Gansevoort, Roser Torra, Laia Sans et al. „#1936 Investigating genetic and environmental modifiers of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease through a distinct PKD2-founder variant (p.Arg803*)“. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 39, Supplement_1 (Mai 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfae069.005.
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Abstract Background and Aims Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is among the most common hereditary diseases that lead to kidney failure [1]. Apart from progressive, cystic enlargement of the kidneys, classic ADPKD is inevitably associated with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and arterial hypertension [2] due to mutated PKD1 (78%) or PKD2 (15%) [3]. Despite knowledge of the diagnostic PKD1 or PKD2 variant, there is great intrafamilial variability in terms of disease progression and organ involvement. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need to establish better genotype-phenotype correlations. In 2022, Taiwanese colleagues identified a PKD2 founder variant (NM_000297.4 (PKD2): c.2407C>T (p.Arg803*)) which accounts for 17.8% of all ADPKD cases in Taiwan [4]. As we also detected patients with PKD2-Arg803* in our European center, we hypothesize that p.Arg803* constitutes a recurrent mutation. The established Taiwanese cohort provides the unique opportunity to build up a sister cohort of patients with this specific mutation. This novel approach can aid in identifying genetic and environmental modifiers of ADPKD, which in turn is essential in elucidating the pathogenesis, as well as the adequate classification, prognosis and treatment of ADPKD patients. Method For patient recruitment, the search was carried out simultaneously in a multi-pronged approach. First, the European Rare Kidney Disease Network (ERKNet), relevant registries and biobanks were searched to identify patients. In addition, authors of ClinVar entries and published literature with specific mentions of the variant were contacted. Lastly, clinical and genetic ADPKD specialists were reached out to directly. Deep phenotyping was performed by a specific clinical questionnaire that was sent to the respective treating physicians via Microsoft Forms. This included baseline information about patients as well as clinical parameters. Specifically, a detailed analysis of kidney, liver, CNS and further manifestations of ADPKD was performed. In addition to the main mutation, additional findings in relevant ADPKD genes were documented. Environmental factors such as smoking, estrogen use, diets and exercise were also been explicitly recorded. Results Through systematic search, 545 institutions or clinicians were contacted in 47 countries. Thus far, about 170 patients with PKD2-p.Arg803* have been identified in 25 centers from 15 countries outside of Taiwan. The process of deep phenotyping is ongoing (completed on 20 patients as of 01/2024). A preliminary analysis of this smaller cohort showed a mean age of 62 (range: 38–90) years and a sex distribution (F:M) of 11: 9. The median total kidney volume was 1437 ml (IQR 2525.5) mL and three patients had reached kidney failure at age 70, 72 and 69. Eighteen out of the 20 patients had three or more liver cysts with a median total liver volume of 1849 (IQR 822.5) mL. Conclusion We are continuing to expand the cohort, aiming to reach full datasets in about 80 international patients for joint analysis with the Taiwanese founder cohort. Detailed statistical analysis of the joint cohort will allow us to better characterize modifiers on the genetic and environmental level. We hope our project can contribute to further understanding disease variability in ADPKD.
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Vila, Marta Ferrandis, Zhikai Zeng, Pedro E. Urriola, Gerald C. Shurson und Milena Saqui‐Salces. „Cytokine Profile in Ileal and Colonic Tissue of Pigs Is Modulated by Different Fiber Sources with and Without Multi‐Carbohydrase Enzyme Supplementation“. FASEB Journal 31, S1 (April 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1044.1.
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IntroductionHigh fiber diets with low fermentability reduce the risk of cardiovascular, metabolic and intestinal diseases. In human and animal diets, grains and their by‐products are the main sources of fiber. Dietary fiber is fermented in the distal intestine resulting in the production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) which have anti‐carcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory effects, modulate the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and cancer development and metastasis. Some of the beneficial effects of dietary fiber may be improved by increasing availability of some fiber compounds such as phenols, which can be achieved through supplementing with certain enzymes. Carbohydrases are currently used as dietary supplements to reduce the undesired effects of high fiber consumption in humans, and to increase nutrient digestibility in animal diets. In vitro studies have shown that the addition of exogenous enzymes increases the production of SCFA. However, it is unknown whether the addition of enzymes has an effect on the intestinal immune response. The purpose of this study was to determine the immune profile of the distal intestine of pigs fed high fiber diets with and without supplemental enzymes.MethodsDiets were supplemented with 100 mg/kg of a mixture of carbohydrase enzymes (E) containing 1,500 U/g xylanase, 1,100 U/g β‐glucanase, 110 U/g mannanse, 35 U/g galactosidase. Fifty‐four pigs (25.33 ± 0.41 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments: 1) standard corn‐soybean meal (CSB, 8% neutral detergent fiber, NDF), 2) CSB + 40% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS, 17% NDF), 3) CSB + 30% wheat middlings (WM, 17% NDF), 4) CSB+E, 5) DDGS+E, and 6) WM+E. After consuming their respective diets for 28 days, pigs were euthanized and ileum and colon samples were collected. Total RNA from tissues was isolated and 500 ng used for cDNA synthesis. Gene expression was determined by qPCR and the ΔCt of INFγ, TNFα, IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL11, IL12p40, IL17A, IL23A and IL25 was calculated in reference to HPRT, GAPDH, and 18s, considering primer efficiency. Statistical significance was calculated using ANOVA and corrected for multiple comparisons using Tukey's test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results and DiscussionOur results (Table 1) showed that diets without enzyme supplementation have different inflammatory profiles depending on the fiber source and the tissue. The increase of TNFα in pigs fed DDGS triggered a Th1 response in the colon, while feeding WM induced IL4 and IL25 to result in a Th2 response in the ileum. Enzyme supplemented diets had reduced expression of IL17A in the colon, suggesting that cecal fermentation may have an important role in the Th17 response. Pigs fed DDGS+E and WM+E diets showed increased expression of Th1 cytokines IL1β and IFNγ, and reduced the Th2 cytokine IL11 in ileum and colon. These results suggest that feeding high fiber diets supplemented with enzymes to pigs increases the pro‐inflammatory cytokine profile in the ileum and colon independently of fiber source. Overall, the diet containing WM as main fiber source promoted an anti‐inflammatory status through favoring a Th2 response.Support or Funding InformationNational Pork Board Gene expression in ileum and colon of pigs fed high‐fiber diets with and without carbohydrase enzyme supplementation1,2 Non‐Supplemented Supplemented P‐value3 CSB DDGS WM CSB+E DDGS+E WM+E Diet Enzyme Interaction Ileum IFNγ 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.53 0.67 0.89 TNFα 97 107.7 95.6 86.3 82.8 101.5 0.83 0.29 0.40 IL1β 0.05c 0.06c 0.06c 0.07b,c 0.08a,b 0.09a 0.03 <0.0001 0.07 IL2 1.95 1.99 1.92 1.94 1.87 1.91 0.60 0.06 0.14 IL4 0.03a,b 0.03b 0.04a 0.03a,b 0.03b 0.03b 0.14 0.01 0.01 IL6 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.35 0.11 0.31 IL8 12.3 12.5 11.7 11.7 11.5 11.4 0.40 0.07 0.73 IL10 1.98 1.99 1.96 1.96 1.92 1.95 0.75 0.08 0.48 IL11 455.8a 435.8a 297.9b 422.4a 196.6c 140.6c <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.001 IL12p40 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.37 0.31 0.37 IL17A 674.9a 692.4a 590.3a,b 548.3a,b 575.6a,b 486.7b 0.06 <0.01 0.96 IL23A 479.7 502.2 513.2 521.4. 530.5 614.9 0.44 0.17 0.74 IL25 0.13a 0.14a,b 0.17b 0.15a,b 0.16b 0.15a,b 0.02 0.29 0.01 Colon IFNγ 0.07a,b 0.06a 0.06a 0.06a,b 0.07b 0.08b 0.59 <0.01 <0.01 TNFα 119.2b,c 141.5a 134.2a,b 142.8a 114.5b,c 108.1c 0.20 0.02 <0.0001 IL1β 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.59 0.55 0.19 IL2 1.93 2 1.95 1.97 1.99 1.95 0.06 0.57 0.42 IL4 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.06 0.30 IL6 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.59 0.33 0.47 1L8 12.2 13.6 12.9 13.3 13.4 13.2 0.11 0.21 0.21 IL10 1.95 2.01 1.96 2.01 2.05 2.01 0.08 0.01 0.98 1L11 480.2a,b 537.5a 532.6a 396.9b,c 342.6c 321.8c 0.80 <0.0001 0.09 IL12p40 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.07 0.17 0.23 IL17A 1295a 1500a 1318a 953b 940b 741b 0.07 <0.0001 0.29 IL23A 785.6 963.1 822.8 1006.1 960.5 976.9 0.33 <0.01 0.08 IL25 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.01 0.08 Relative expression mean values (n = 9). Different superscripts within each row differ (P < 0.05). Values are expressed as a relative ratio of the amount of target gene copies to the amount of HPRT, Gapdh, and 18s (housekeeping genes) copies. The P‐values represent the main effect of the diet, main effect of the enzyme supplementation, and the interaction between the diet and enzyme supplementation.