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Lepore, G. O., T. Boffa Ballaran, F. Nestola, L. Bindi, D. Pasqual und P. Bonazzi. „Compressibility of β-As4S4: an in situ high-pressure single-crystal X-ray study“. Mineralogical Magazine 76, Nr. 4 (August 2012): 963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.4.12.
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AbstractAmbient temperature X-ray diffraction data were collected at different pressures from two crystals of β-As4S4, which were made by heating realgar under vacuum at 295ºC for 24 h. These data were used to calculate the unit-cell parameters at pressures up to 6.86 GPa. Above 2.86 GPa, it was only possible to make an approximate measurement of the unit-cell parameters. As expected for a crystal structure that contains molecular units held together by weak van der Waals interactions, β-As4S4 has an exceptionally high compressibility. The compressibility data were fitted to a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state with a resulting volume V0 = 808.2(2) Å3, bulk modulus K0 = 10.9(2) GPa and K' = 8.9(3). These values are extremely close to those reported for the low-temperature polymorph of As4S4, realgar, which contains the same As4S4 cage-molecule. Structural analysis showed that the unit-cell contraction is due mainly to the reduction in intermolecular distances, which causes a substantial reduction in the unit-cell volume (∼21% at 6.86 GPa). The cage-like As4S4 molecules are only slightly affected. No phase transitions occur in the pressure range investigated.Micro-Raman spectra, collected across the entire pressure range, show that the peaks associated with As–As stretching have the greatest pressure dependence; the S–As–S bending frequency and the As–S stretching have a much weaker dependence or no variation at all as the pressure increases; this is in excellent agreement with the structural data.
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Tinant, Bernard, Jean-Paul Declercq, Maurice Van Meerssche und Otto Exner. „Structure of 5-nitro-2-methylbenzoic acid: ortho Effect of the methyl group“. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, Nr. 2 (1988): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880301.
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The X-ray structure of the title compound was determined: Mr = 181.15, triclinic, P1, a = 7.628(2) Å, b = 10.475(3) Å, c = 10.522(2) Å, α = 90.61(2)°, β = 98.19(2)°, γ = 76.41(2)°, V = 808.6(4) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.49 g cm-3, CuKα, λ = 1.5418 Å, μ = 10.57 cm-1, F(000) = 376, T = 291 K, R = 0.049 for 1 713 observed reflections. The deformations induced by the steric effect of the ortho-methyl group are discussed in some detail. They are partly different from those commonly considered, in particular the carboxyl group is coplanar with the benzene ring.
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Boy, Insan, Gerhard Cordier, Brigitte Eisenmann und Rüdiger Kniep. „Oligomere Tetraeder-Anionen in Borophosphaten: Darstellung und Kristallstrukturen von NaFe[BP2O7(OH)3] und K2Fe2[B2P4O16(OH)2 ]/Oligomeric Tetrahedral Anions in Borophosphates: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of NaFe[BP2O7(OH)3] and K2Fe2[B2P4O16(OH)2]“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, Nr. 2 (01.02.1998): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-0207.
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Abstract Crystals of the title compounds were grown under hydrothermal conditions. The crystal structures were determined by single crystal data.NaFe[BP2O7(OH)3] (monoclinic, C 2/c, a = 1042.0(2), b = 821.5(1), c = 921.7(1) pm, β = 116.60(1)°, Z=4): The crystal structure contains isolated anions [BP2O7(OH)3]4-, which correspond to trinuclear units PO1/2O3-BO2/2(OH)2 -PO1/2O2(OH) of corner sharing tetrahedra. Fe3+ is coordinated octahedrally by oxygen, Na+ is 8 -fold coordinated by oxygen forming cubes.K2Fe2[B2P4O16(OH)2] (triclinic, P1̄, a = 516.7(1), b = 808.9(1), c = 834.0(1) pm, α = 87.06(f), β = 80.21(1), γ = 86.59(1)°, Z = 1): The crystal structure contains isolated anions [B2P4O16(OH)2]8-. Four-membered rings of tetrahedra with two additional terminal phosphate groups are formed by condensation of two trinuclear units P O1/2O3 -BO3/2(OH) -PO2/2O2. Fe3+ is in an octahedral and K+ in an irregularly 10-fold coordination by oxygen.
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Lux, Frederick. „Discussion of “ Boardman Labyrinth‐Crest Spillway ” by John J. Cassidy, Christopher A. Gardner and Robert T. Peacock (March, 1985, Vol. 111, No. 3)“. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 113, Nr. 6 (Juni 1987): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1987)113:6(808.2).
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Oz, Isilay, Evren Hizal, Osman Halit Cam und Levent Naci Ozluoglu. „Effects of Glycerol Test on Resonance Frequency in Patients with Ménière’s Disease“. Audiology and Neurotology 24, Nr. 6 (2019): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503845.
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Objective: To evaluate resonance frequency (RF) values via dehydration effects in the inner ear caused by the glycerol test, which is used as a diagnostic method for Ménière’s disease (MD). Methods: Twenty adult patients with unilateral MD were included in the study. Before, and then at 1, 2, and 3 h after administration of glycerol (1 g/kg), pure-tone hearing levels (125–8,000 kHz) and multifrequency tympanometry tests were performed. As a control, the RF values of the ears of 25 healthy subjects (i.e., 50 ears) were compared to the affected and unaffected ears in the 20 MD patients. Results: There was a significant difference between the RF values of affected and healthy ears before glycerol administration (p = 0.047). The RF values before and after glycerol administration into affected ears were compared. The average RF values decreased significantly from 748.0 ± 402.1 to 808.0 ± 410.1 Hz at 1 h after glycerol intake, and this value increased during the subsequent hours. There were no statistically significant differences between the pure-tone levels before and 1 h after glycerol administration, but a significant decrease was observed at 3 h. Conclusion: We suggest that MD has different inner-ear dynamics and normal RF values when compared to healthy ears. Furthermore, decreased inner ear pressure causes reduction of the mass effect and a stiffening of the annular ligament. We conclude that pre- and post-RF tests should be added to the test battery for diagnosis of MD.
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Rizal, Ahmad, Darmawan Yudhanegara und Pandena Kicky Basuki Putri. „Perencanaan Jadwal Perawatan Pencegahan Mesin Sliting Dengan Metode RCM (Realibility Centered Maintenance) Di PT. XYZ“. Industrika : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri 7, Nr. 3 (06.10.2023): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/indstrk.v7i3.1071.
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PT XYZ is a company engaged in manufacturing plastic packaging. In the production process, the company is used to continuously produce so that the machines must continue to operate for 3 shifts/day which will decrease engine performance and engine damage. If the lack of machine maintenance, this will result in frequent occurrence downtime which impede the course of the production process and decreased production capacity. Downtime on cutting machine (Slitting) period January 2022 – December 2022 of 9810 minutes. This research was conducted to plan treatment using the method Realibility Centered Maintenance (RCM) which aims to make recommendations for improvements to the design of repair maintenance on slitting machines. From RCM analysis on slitting machine damage to machine components according to the diagram Logic Tree Analysis and found that component time directed that is Brake Roll, LPC (Line Position Control), Slitter blades, and Touch press roll. Based on the calculation of the frequency of replacement of the unwinder components will decrease by up to 58% after the component operates for 1.75 months or 808.5 hours, the roll cylinder component will decrease by 50% after the component operates for 1.5 months or 693 hours, and the rewinder component will decrease to 66% after the component has been operating for 2 months or 924 hours. Keywords: Maintenance system, Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM), Total Minimum Downtime (TMD)
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Scazziota, Alejandra, Jorge Rouvier, Claudio Gonzalez und Raul Altman. „Effect of Sodium Arachidonate on Thrombin Generation through Platelet Activation – Inhibitory Effect of Aspirin“. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 84, Nr. 12 (2000): 1109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614178.
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Summary Background. Sodium arachidonate was used in this study to determine its capacity to generate thrombin through platelet activation. Whether aspirin prevent this effect was also investigated. Methods and Results. Seventeen healthy volunteers without and after 160 mg/day aspirin intake for 3-5 days were studied. Lag-time and TG at basal condition and after platelet stimulation by sodium arachidonate (AA) were measured in normal non-aspirinated as well as “in vivo” aspirinated platelet rich plasma. (PRP). The lag-time was statistically significant shorter in non-aspirinated PRP activated with AA compared with non-activated PRP. This effect was inhibited by aspirin. In non-aspirinated PRP, there was an increase of TG at 4 and 6 min. incubation when platelets were activated with AA but the difference disappeared after 8 min. incubation, (84 ± 71; 148 ± 58 and 142 ± 92 nmol/L respectively) compared with non-aspirinated, non-activated platelets (16 ± 23; 55 ± 56 and 111 ± 76 nmol/L at 4, 6 and 8 min, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.292, respectively). The AUCo→22 min were 520.6 ± 545.5 in nonaspirinated, non-stimulated PRP and 808.9 ± 617, in non-aspirinated PRP activated with sodium arachidonate (p = 0.014). Aspirin administered in vivo produced a decrease of TG in PRP activated with AA. Conclusion. Platelet activated by AA trigged TG. This effect was inhibited by aspirin and could be an additional beneficial effect of aspirin in the prevention of thrombosis.
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Mazzella, Antonio, Elena Maiolino, Patrick Maisonneuve, Mauro Loi und Marco Alifano. „Systemic Inflammation and Lung Cancer: Is It a Real Paradigm? Prognostic Value of Inflammatory Indexes in Patients with Resected Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer“. Cancers 15, Nr. 6 (20.03.2023): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061854.
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Background (1): Our goal was to investigate if and how pre-operative inflammatory status can influence the long-term prognosis of patients undergoing lung surgery for cancer. Materials and Methods (2): This prospective observational study includes the agreement of all operable patients to the study, who were referred to our department between 1 January 2017 and 30 December 2018. The inflammatory pre-operative status of the patients was investigated by calculating albumin, CPR (c-protein reactive), complete blood count (neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, hemoglobin), and some other indexes referring to inflammatory status, namely the HALP amalgamated index, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and advanced lung cancer inflammation Index (ALI). The follow-up ended in November 2021. Patient overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival rates. Variables significantly associated with survival at univariate analysis were entered int Cox multivariate analysis (stepwise mode) to assess their independent character. Hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Variables associated with p < 0.05 were considered significative. Results (3): We enrolled 257 patients in our study. The overall survival of the cohort was as follows: 1 year, 96.1%; 3 year, 81.3%; and 4 year, 74.2%. Univariate analysis showed risk factors for overall survival as follows: Thoracoscore ≥ 2 (p = 0.002); histology (p = 0.002); HALP < 32.2 (p = 0.0002); SII ≥ 808.9 (p = 0.0004); ALI < 34.86 (p = 0.0005); NLr ≥ 2.29 (p = 0.01); hemoglobin < 13 g/dl (p = 0.01); PLR ≥ 196.1 (p = 0.005); pN+ (p < 0.0001); pleural invasion (p = 0.0002); and presence of vascular or lymphatic tumor emboli (p = 0.0002). Multivariate Cox analysis (stepwise model) identified Thoracoscore ≥ 2 (p = 0.02); histology, HALP < 32.2 (p = 0.004), and pN (p < 0.0001) as independent predictors of death. Conclusion (4): Pre-operative inflammatory status strongly influences long-term prognosis in patients affected by NSCLC and undergoing surgery.
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Abdulkadhum, Mariam Hassan, Ali Ibadi Manea und Saad Shakir Mahmoud. „Effect of Mycorrhizal Addition and Organic Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Potato in Autumn Season“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, Nr. 4 (01.12.2023): 042004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/4/042004.
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Abstract A farmer’s fields in the Al-Azzawiya area / Al-Musayyib district 2021-2022, 40 km north of Hilla / Babylon province’s centre, were used for the experiment. Two elements were put in the split plot scheme of the Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). One replicate had eight experimental treatments, three replications, and the parameters were: - The first component was adding mycorrhiza to the comparative treatment (B0: no fertilisation, control, B1: 7.0 g. plant-1). The second factor: In addition to the control treatment, it added three kinds of organic fertiliser: C1: chicken waste (10 tons.ha-1), C2: humic fertiliser (3 tons.ha-1), and C3: vermicompost (4 tons.ha-1). The least significant difference (L.S.D.) comparing coefficient averages. The findings may be summarised as follows at 0.05. Mycorrhiza (7.0 gm. plant-1) increased plant height and chlorophyll, which showed substantial variations in the potato plant’s vegetative, quantitative, and qualitative traits. The number of marketable tubers was 6.84 tubers.plant-1, the output of one plant was 759.8 g. plant-1, the overall yield was 44.27 tons.ha-1, and the percentages of dry matter, starch, and N and K were in the tubers. The results of adding organic fertiliser showed that poultry waste significantly improved plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, number of marketable tubers (7.75 tubers. plant-1), yield of one plant (808.3 g. plant-1), total yield (47.99 tonnes.ha-1), dry matter, starch, and N, K in tubers. The bi-interaction therapy (mycorrhiza + organic manure and chicken waste) improved vegetative, quantity, and quality features, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll percentage of dry matter, and The number of marketable tubers was (9.11 tubers.plant-1), the yield of one plant was (880.5 gm.plant-1), the overall yield was (51.81 tons.ha-1), and the proportion of dry matter, starch, and (, KN) in tubers.
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Strasfeld, Lynne, Debargha Basuli, Douglas Norman, Eric Langewisch, Ali Olyaei und Joseph Lockridge. „Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation with a CMV Matching Allocation Schema“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S11—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.028.
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Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection continues to be a major cause of morbidity in kidney transplant recipients. The CMV donor-positive (D+)/recipient-negative (R−) serostatus pairing poses highest risk for CMV disease. Methods In September 2012, we adopted a CMV matching allocation policy at the centers served by our organ procurement organization, the Pacific Northwest Transplant Bank. CMV serostatus was used as a criterion in determining deceased donor kidney allocation, whereby R− kidney transplant recipients were preferentially paired with a D− organ, and R+ recipients with an R+ organ. We performed a retrospective analysis of CMV-related outcomes for 400 consecutive kidney recipients, 196 prior to (January 1, 2010– August 31, 2012) and 204 following (September 1, 2012–December 3, 2014) implementation of the CMV matching allocation schema at our center. We also looked at waitlist time for patients transplanted during the same period. Results The percentage of D+/R− transplants performed decreased from 17.3% to 2.5% (P < 0.001) after implementation of the CMV matching allocation strategy (Figure 1). CMV viremia decreased from 13.3% to 5.9% (P = 0.0118), and CMV syndrome or disease decreased from 9.2% to 2.9% (P = 0.00859) (Table 1). The percentage of patients treated for CMV infection overall decreased from 10.7% to 5.4% (P = 0.0498). Median days on the waitlist prior to transplantation increased from 793 (PRE) to 944 (POST) due to growing wait list size, but neither R− nor R+ patients appeared to be disadvantaged: wait times increased from 808.5 to 958 for the R− subset and from 777.5 to 933 for the R+ subset (Figure 2). Conclusion CMV disease occurred infrequently in our cohort, in the context of 6 months of valganciclovir prophylaxis post-transplant and post-prophylaxis pre-emptive monitoring strategy for our D+/R− recipients. Following implementation of an allocation schema that took CMV serostatus into account, the rate of CMV infection and antiviral treatment decreased significantly. Disclosures L. Strasfeld, Merck: Independent Contractor, Salary
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Gonçalves, R. F., C. R. Ferreira, C. M. B. Orlandi, V. C. Sartori, H. N. Ferreira, F. C. Gozzo, S. A. Saraiva, E. J. Pilau und M. N. Eberlin. „111 SINGLE EQUINE EMBRYO LIPID FINGERPRINTING BY MASS SPECTROMETRY“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 23, Nr. 1 (2011): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv23n1ab111.
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) allows the lipid profile study of individual mammal embryos. The data collection is rapid, highly sensitive, can tolerate some level of impurities, and is easy to interpret. The aim of this study was to report the lipid profile obtained from a single equine embryo by MALDI-MS. Follicles ≥30 mm in diameter were monitored daily until ovulation (Day 0). The insemination was performed close to ovulation with fresh diluted semen, and the embryo recovery was performed on Day 9 (D9) post ovulation. The equine embryo was placed in 50/50 (v/v) methanol/phosphate buffer solution and transported at 4°C to the laboratory. MALDI-MS spectra were acquired in the positive ion mode using MALDI Synapt HDMS mass spectrometer (Waters, Manchester, UK) m/z 700–950 range. The sample was coated with a 1.2 μL matrix of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) 1.0 mL L–1 in methanol. Due to the equine embryo volume, it was possible to divide it and get two mass spectra, which were identical. Spectra processing was performed using the MassLynx 4.0 software (Waters, Manchester, UK). It was observed the presence protonated and sodiated species of sphingomyelins (SM), phosphatidylcholines (PC), and triacylglycerols (TAG). The most intense ions assigned by comparison with data obtained from bovine embryos were m/z 723.5 [PC (34:1) and loss of N(CH3)3]+, 725.5. [SM (16:0) + Na]+, 754.6 [PC (32:1) + Na]+, 778.6 [PC (36:1) + Na]+, 780.6 [PC (34:2) + Na]+ or [PC (36:5) + H]+, 782.6 [PC (36:4) + H]+ or [PC (34:1) + Na]+, 788.6 [PC (36:1) + H]+, 806.6 [PC (38:6) + H]+ or [PC (36:3) + Na]+, 808.6 [PC (38:5) + H]+ or [PC (36:2) + Na]+, 810.6 [PC (38:4) + H]+ or [PC (36:1) + Na]+, 907.7 [TAG (54:3) + Na]+ and 909.7 [TAG (54:2) + Na] +. Regarding the lipid profile by MALDI-TOF previously reported for oocytes and embryos of several species (Ferreira et al. 2010, J. Lipid Res., 51, 1218–1227), it detected similar lipid species, but with different relative intensities. Because of the single equine embryo volume and MALDI-MS technique sensitivity, we intend to observe if there will be differences between the lipid profile of the inner cell mass and trophoblast in the future. The analysis of a greater number of embryos as well as different development periods and MS/MS experiments will contribute to building a database of lipid profiles that allows a better understanding of the lipid profile physiology in equine embryos and the meaning of differences among other mammalian embryos. FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation).
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Brown, Cindi L., Chelcy F. Miniat und Jennifer D. Knoepp. „Investigating the effect of lab bias on long-term stream chemistry data“. Hydrology Research 52, Nr. 4 (28.05.2021): 864–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2021.164.
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Abstract Long-term (LT) stream chemistry studies are used to examine changes in and responses to the environment. Much of the data collected over long periods of time goes through changes in instrumentation, methods, and personnel potentially resulting in changing values. A data user must understand these measures of data quality through quality control (QC) results to know with certainty if trends are real or attributable to other factors. We used the Web of Science database search engine to search for LT stream chemistry studies. For each study, we then determined: record or study length; if QC was reported; and if QC was used. We found that 33% of papers reported QC in the method, and 12% presented the QC in the results. Next, we conducted a case study on 46 years of stream chemistry data to evaluate the data with and without the application of QC protocols from two watersheds (WS) at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory; WS 7; clear-cut in 1967–77 and adjacent WS 2 which serves as a reference. We focused on nitrogen and sulfur due to their importance in understanding the forest ecosystem response to disturbance (NO3) and acid deposition (SO4). We determined average annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) export (NH4 + NO3 = DIN) using three methods for censoring values below the method detection limit (mdl): (1) the found value, (2) the value of zero, and (3) one-half the mdl value. We found that DIN export for WS 2/WS 7 was (1) 66.9/831.4 (g ha−1 yr−1), (2) 45.4/808.0 (g ha−1 yr−1), and (3) 72.1/823.2 (g ha−1 yr−1) using the three censoring methods, and that the export estimate was significantly different for WS 2 but not for WS 7 (P = 0.001). We found that on average stream NH4 concentrations were below the mdl 58% of the time until an instrument change in 1994 resulted in improved mdls resulting in fewer data points below detection. We found increased bias for stream SO4 concentration following an instrumentation change from segmented flow analysis to ion chromatography. As a result, stream SO4 concentration data that were bias-corrected declined more rapidly in WS 2 compared with non-bias-corrected data, but not in WS 7. We conclude that including QC results with LT data is essential to verify data validity and give the data user a full understanding of the results.
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Pham, Hong Ngoc Thuy, Quan Van Vuong, Michael C. Bowyer und Christopher J. Scarlett. „Phytochemical Profiles and Potential Health Benefits of Helicteres hirsuta Lour.“ Proceedings 70, Nr. 1 (10.11.2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods_2020-07804.
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Helicteres hirsuta Lour. (H. hirsuta) has been traditionally used as a folk medicine for treating a range of common diseases. It has been used in furuncle treatment, pain relief, dysentery, measles, flu, antimalaria and antiobesity treatments in some Asian countries, revealing that this plant material contains important bioactive compounds which are linked with health benefits and/or can act as therapeutic agents. Hence, many attempts have been made to isolate and identify the key bioactive compounds present in H. hirsuta and conduct in vitro tests to investigate their biological activities. We recently revealed that H. hirsuta leaf has a high total phenolic content (TPC: 192.6 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC: 215.2 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g). The stem of H. hirsuta also had high contents of TPC and TFC (212.6 mg GAE/g and 280.1 mg CE/g, respectively). The results also revealed that phenolic compounds from this plant had a strong positive correlation with antioxidant capacity including DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (R2 range of 0.78 and 0.99), which are known to link with diverse bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Additionally, H. hirsuta leaf and stem were found to contain high levels of saponins (808.0 and 347.5 mg escin equivalents/g, respectively), that were determined using colorimetric assay. Several individual compounds have been identified in the extracts of H. hirsuta, including rutin, methyl caffeate, 5,8-dihydroxy-7,4-dimethoxyflavone, isoscutellarein 4-methyl ether 8-O--d-glucopyranoside, 4,4-sulfinylbis(2(tert-butyl)-5-methylphenol), 7-O-methylisoscutellarein, 7,4-di-O-methylisoscutellarein, six lignans (pinoresinol, medioresinol, syringaresinol, boehmenan, boehmenan H and trans-dihydrodiconiferyl alcohol), betulinic acid, 3-O-trans-caffeoylbetulinic acid, 3-benzoylbetulinic acid, betulinic acid methyl ester, lupeol, 3β-O-acetylbetulinic acid, simiarenol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. The derived extracts and isolated compounds from this plant have been shown to inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines in vitro and offer a promising source of active compounds against other health problems including obesity, diabetes and malaria. Further studies on the mechanisms of bioactive compounds from this plant are suggested to elucidate their mechanisms of action for health benefits. In addition, more in vivo tests associated with clinical trials are also needed to validate and confirm their effects for further development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products from this plant material.
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Amini, Neda, Yuhree Kim, Ana Wilson, Cecilia Grace Ethun, Shishir Kumar Maithel, George A. Poultsides, Thuy Tran et al. „Optimal prognostic lymph node staging system for gallbladder adenocarcinoma: A multi-institutional study.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, Nr. 4_suppl (01.02.2016): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.364.
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364 Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification is the most universally accepted lymph node (LN) staging system for gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBA); however, it focuses more on location of LN metastasis than number of LN metastasis. Other lymph node staging systems have been proposed for GBA. We therefore sought to examine the performance of different staging systems including AJCC LN staging system, number of metastatic LN (NMLN), log odds of metastatic LN (LODDS), and LN ratio (LNR). Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection for GBA between 2000 and 2015 and who had lymphadenectomy were identified from a multi-institutional database. The prognostic performance of four staging systems was compared by Harrell’s C and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results: Overall 214 patients with a median age of 66.7 years (IQR 56.5, 73.1) were identified. A total 1,334 LNs were retrieved from 214 patients, with a median of 4 (IQR 2-8) LNs per patient. In the study cohort, 98 (45.5%) patients had LN metastasis with total of 271 positive LNs [median of 1 (IQR 1-3)]. Patients with LN metastasis had an increased risk of death (HR 1.87, 95%CI 1.24-2.82; P = 0.003). In addition, risk of death increased by each additional LN metastasis (HR 1.20, 95%CI 1.06-1.37; P = 0.005). In the entire cohort, LNR, in either a continuous (C-index: 0.603, AIC: 808.4) or a discrete scale (C-index 0.609, AIC 802.2), provided better discrimination versus LODDS, AJCC LN staging system, and NMLN. The relative performance of all scoring systems was better among patients who had ≥ 4 LN examined. In the cohort of patients with ≥ 4 LN examined, LODDS (C-index 0.621, AIC 363.8) had the best performance compared with LNR (C-index 0.615, AIC 368.7), AJCC LN staging system (C-index 0.601, AIC 373.4), and NMLN (C-index 0.613, AIC 369.5). Conclusions: LODDS and LNR performed better than the AJCC LN staging system. Among those who had more LN examined, LODDS performed better than LNR. LODDS and LNR should be incorporated into the AJCC LN staging system of GBA.
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Guevara, Marc, Hervé Petetin, Oriol Jorba, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jeroen Kuenen, Ingrid Super, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen et al. „European primary emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases in 2020 modulated by the COVID-19 pandemic disruptions“. Earth System Science Data 14, Nr. 6 (02.06.2022): 2521–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2521-2022.
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Abstract. We present a European dataset of daily sector-, pollutant- and country-dependent emission adjustment factors associated with the COVID-19 mobility restrictions for the year 2020. We considered metrics traditionally used to estimate emissions, such as energy statistics or traffic counts, as well as information derived from new mobility indicators and machine learning techniques. The resulting dataset covers a total of nine emission sectors, including road transport, the energy industry, the manufacturing industry, residential and commercial combustion, aviation, shipping, off-road transport, use of solvents, and fugitive emissions from transportation and distribution of fossil fuels. The dataset was produced to be combined with the Copernicus CAMS-REG_v5.1 2020 business-as-usual (BAU) inventory, which provides high-resolution (0.1∘×0.05∘) emission estimates for 2020 omitting the impact of the COVID-19 restrictions. The combination of both datasets allows quantifying spatially and temporally resolved reductions in primary emissions from both criteria pollutants (NOx, SO2, non-methane volatile organic compounds – NMVOCs, NH3, CO, PM10 and PM2.5) and greenhouse gases (CO2 fossil fuel, CO2 biofuel and CH4), as well as assessing the contribution of each emission sector and European country to the overall emission changes. Estimated overall emission changes in 2020 relative to BAU emissions were as follows: −10.5 % for NOx (−602 kt), −7.8 % (−260.2 Mt) for CO2 from fossil fuels, −4.7 % (−808.5 kt) for CO, −4.6 % (−80 kt) for SO2, −3.3 % (−19.1 Mt) for CO2 from biofuels, −3.0 % (−56.3 kt) for PM10, −2.5 % (−173.3 kt) for NMVOCs, −2.1 % (−24.3 kt) for PM2.5, −0.9 % (−156.1 kt) for CH4 and −0.2 % (−8.6 kt) for NH3. The most pronounced drop in emissions occurred in April (up to −32.8 % on average for NOx) when mobility restrictions were at their maxima. The emission reductions during the second epidemic wave between October and December were 3 to 4 times lower than those occurred during the spring lockdown, as mobility restrictions were generally softer (e.g. curfews, limited social gatherings). Italy, France, Spain, the United Kingdom and Germany were, together, the largest contributors to the total EU27 + UK (27 member states of the European Union and the UK) absolute emission decreases. At the sectoral level, the largest emission declines were found for aviation (−51 % to −56 %), followed by road transport (−15.5 % to −18.8 %), the latter being the main driver of the estimated reductions for the majority of pollutants. The collection of COVID-19 emission adjustment factors (https://doi.org/10.24380/k966-3957, Guevara et al., 2022) and the CAMS-REG_v5.1 2020 BAU gridded inventory (https://doi.org/10.24380/eptm-kn40, Kuenen et al., 2022b) have been produced in support of air quality modelling studies.
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Labay, V. S., E. S. Korneev, E. V. Abramova, A. A. Ushakov und E. S. Akhmadeeva. „Macrobenthos in the estuary of a typical «salmon» river of Sakhalin Island (on example of the Manuy River)“. Izvestiya TINRO 202, Nr. 3 (05.10.2022): 640–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2022-202-640-660.
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Species composition, structure, density and biomass of macrobenthos in the estuary of the Manuy River are described, its main communities are defined and their trophic characteristics, production, and distribution along the river channel are determined on the materials collected in July 2021. Three main biotopic zones of the estuary are identified by their hydrological features and parameters of macrobenthos: the river mouth, the lower estuary, and the upper estuary. Bilateral structure of salinity with 0.8–5.0 psu in the upper layer and > 27 psu near the bottom was observed in the lower estuary, whereas the upper estuarine zone was filled mostly by oligohaline water (0.8–1.6 psu), with only a thin refugial layer of the seawater (23.1 psu) at the depth of 0.9 m. In total, 24 species of benthic invertebrates and cyclostomes were presented in the macrobenthos. The species richness varied insignificantly across the estuary, from 4 species/section in its upper part to 9 species/section in the lower part, with lowered richness at the border between the lower and the upper estuarine zones, that corresponded to the theory of critical salinity. The density of macrobenthos distribution decreased from the river mouth to the boundary between the lower and upper zones (from 808.0 ± 162.0 ind./m2 to 16.0±2.8 ind./m2), then increased sharply in the upper estuary (up to 1384 ± 160 ind./m2). The total biomass had two peaks: in the lower estuary (4.381 ± 0.589 g/m2) and in the upper estuary (up to 28.950 g/m2), with the minimum of 0.076 ± 0.015 g/m2 between. The boundary between the meso-, polyhaline lower estuary and the oligohaline upper estuary had the width of several hundred meters. Four benthic communities were identified by various methods of cluster and ordination analysis, regardless of the method: two communities in the upper estuary (communities of Eogammarus kygi and Neomysis awatschensis), one community in the lower estuary (community of Hediste japonica) and the community of Haustorioides at the river mouth. Gathering detritivores formed the basis of biomass and macrobenthic production at the river mouth; collecting detritophages — sestonophages were the most significant in the lower estuary; while three key trophic groups were presented in the upper estuary: 1) collecting detritivores — macrogrinders — scavengers, 2) collecting detritivores, and 3) ground feeders — collecting detritivores. Daily production of macrobenthos was low at the river mouth and in the lower part of the lower estuary but increased in its upper part and in the upper estuary.
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Mecabo, Grazielle, Mihoko Yamamoto, Eliza Y. S. Kimura, Fabio P. Guirao und Maria Stella Figueiredo. „Hydroxycarbamide Is Related with Higher Expression of Band-3 and CD59 in Sickle Erythrocytes“. Blood 124, Nr. 21 (06.12.2014): 4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4913.4913.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) presents extra and intravascular hemolysis. The eryptosis depends on phagocytosis signs like CD47, which is known as a "don't eat me" signal. Other mechanisms associated to hemolysis, such as complement activation mediated by CD59, are poorly understood. One of the effects of hydroxycarbamide (HU) is the reduction of hemolysis, but little is known about the action of HU in these mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate markers related to hemolysis in patients with SCA at steady state, with and without HU. METHODS: We studied 40 adult patients with SCA (n=36) or Sβ0-Thalassemia (n=4), 70% females, median age 30 years (range 18-70y). The patients were followed at the Outpatient Clinic of EPM /UNIFESP. Inclusion criteria: patients in use of HU in maximum tolerated dose for more than 1 year (G1, n=20); or without HU (G2, n=20). Exclusion criteria: pregnant women and chronic transfusion. Laboratory evaluation: CBC, reticulocyte (Ret), fetal hemoglobin (HbF), indirect bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), LDH isoforms, free Hb (free-Hb), haptoglobin (Hp), hemopexin, phosphatidylserine, microvesicles (Mcv), Howell-Jolly bodies (in erythrocytes and Ret), and expression of band-3, CD47 (in erythrocyte and Ret) and CD59 (in erythrocytes and Mcv). The last parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur®, BDB, San Jose, CA), using specific antibodies according to the manufacturer instructions. Data were analyzed by CellQuest® software (BDB), and the results expressed in median fluorescence intensity or percentage of positivity. Statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's correlation, with significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Themean corpuscular volume and HbF were higher in G1 than G2 (p=0.033, p=0.0001, respectively) (Table 1). Free-Hb, LDH and isoforms LDH-1, -2, and -3 were lower in G1 (p=0.023, p=0.003, p=0.005, p=0.001, p=0.002, respectively). There were correlation between free-Hb and LDH-1 (r=0.45, p=0.003), LDH-2 (r=0.80, p=0.001), and LDH-3 (r=0.71, p=0.001). As expected, Hp was diminished in all patients, however G1 patients showed higher values (p=0.040). The expression of band 3 and of CD59, in erythrocytes and Mcv, were higher in G1 (p=0.001, p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Other variables showed no statistical difference. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effects of HU include decrease hemolysis, although the associated mechanisms are still unknown. Total LDH and isoforms levels were decreased in patients using HU. LDH-2 and LDH-3 showed an important correlation with free-Hb. Despite the fact that LDH-3 has been considered a nonspecific marker of tissue damage and frequently associated with lung injury, our results suggest that LDH-3 may be a valuable marker of hemolysis. The use of HU was also associated with higher levels of Hp, reinforcing its possible role on intravascular hemolysis. The higher band-3 and CD59 expression in HU patients support the protective action of this drug in sickle erythrocytes, since lower expression of these proteins have been associated with erythrocyte aging. These data present new and important insights on the effects of HU in sickle erythrocyte survival. This work was supported by FAPESP (2011/17349-0) and CAPES-SUS. Table 1: Laboratorial data. G1with HU G2without HU p Mean corpuscular volume (fL) 111.0 (86.6 - 125.0) 86.8 (71.9 - 106.6) < 0.0001 Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF, %) 12.6 (1.5 - 46.6) 6.9 (0.8 - 27.1) 0.0337 LDH (U/L) 351 (214 - 728) 526 (174 – 1,112) 0.0035 LDH -1 (U/L) 154.9 (72.1 - 361.0) 225.7 (54.1 -3,248) 0.0054 LDH -2 (U/L) 132.5 (86.5 - 361.4) 203.2 (71.9 - 421.4 ) 0.0013 LDH -3 (U/L) 33.7 (25.7 - 69.9) 56.0 (28.0 - 111.2) 0.0025 Free Hemoglobin (free-Hb, mcg/dL) 51.2 (15.1 - 248.1) 104.6 (24.9 - 286.1) 0.0239 Haptoglobin (Hp, mcg/dL) 0.6 (0 - 90.8) 0.1 (0 - 56.59) 0.0406 Microvesicles (Mcv, /µL) 21,643 (5,322 – 51,726) 32,185 (8,708 – 114,384) 0.0639 Howell Jolly in erytrocytes (x106) 5,350 (1,800 – 164,850) 2,750 (100 -75,850) 0.0829 Band-3 (MFI) 396.0 (291.6 - 461.5) 342.2 (217.7 - 388.9) 0.0010 CD47 in Ret (MFI) 164.7 (95.6 - 230.8) 146.6 (96.4 - 226.7) 0.2913 CD59 in erytrocytes (MFI) 1,039 (749.9 – 1,202) 808.0 (523.5 -1,032) <0.0001 CD59 in Mcv (MFI) 830.7 (636.4 - 1.023) 604.8 (495.9 - 802.2) <0.0001 HU = hydroxycarbamide; Ret= reticulocytes; LDH= Lactate Dehydrogenase ; MFI= median fluorescence intensity Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ferreira, C. R., J. C. Borges, L. F. A. Santos, F. C. Gozzo, P. H. Franscechini, G. B. Sanvido und M. N. Eberlin. „265 MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY (MALDI-MS) CHARACTERIZATION OF SPERM LIPID PROFILES OF BULLS WITH DIFFERENT CAPACITIES OF EMBRYO IN VITRO PRODUCTION“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, Nr. 1 (2010): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab265.
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been applied to study sperm lipid profiles. Lipids are known to play a crucial role in sperm membrane physico-chemical behavior during cryopreservation. In this work, we show the results of characterization of sperm lipid profiles from 2 bulls with different capacities of in vitro embryo production by MALDI-MS direct analysis. The bull capacities judged by the rate of blastocyst formation after IVP with semen from seven different ejaculates per each animal were 19.1 and 35.3% for bulls 1 and 2, respectively (P < 0.05). For MALDI-MS analysis, frozen semen from each ejaculate was thawed in water at 25°C for 40 s. Sperm was washed 3 times by centrifugatin in 1 mL of PBS at 3000 × g for 10 min. Samples were stored at -20°C in 200 μL of methanol:PBS (vol/vol) solution until analysis. A Synapt HDMS mass spectrometer (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) equipped with a MALDI was used. All spectra were collected for 45 s in the positive ion mode at the mass range of m/z 450 to 1200. The volume of 1 μL of the semen pellet was spotted in the target plate and allowed to dry. Afterward, 1 μL of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) was added as matrix. The 50 most intense monoisotopic ions were considered for principal component analysis (PCA). Values of m/z and relative ion intensities were processed using the software Pirouette v.3.11 (Infometrix, Woodinville, WA, USA). Direct MALDI-MS analysis of bulls 1 and 2 spermatozoa with no extraction provided informative spectra containing either [M + Na]+ or [M + H]+ ions characteristic of sphingomyelins, such as m/z 753.6 for SM 18:0, phosphocholines (m/z 780.6 for PC 34 : 2; 782.6 for PC 34 : 1; 806.6 for PC 36 : 6; 808.6 for 36 :2; 828.6 for PC38 : 6; and 830.6 for PC38 : 5), plasmalogens (m/z 790.6 for 1-palmitenyl-2-docosahexanoyl-GPC and 814.6 for 1-palmityl-2-docosaheaenoyl-GPC); and triacylglycerols (m/z 881.7 for sn-glycerol-palmitoleate-oleate-oleate). PCA showed clear separation between bulls 1 and 2 ejaculates, indicating that each bull presented a characteristic and reproducible (from different ejaculates) profiles. Differences in the relative intensities of the ions mentioned above contributed for bulls 1 and 2 differentiation by PCA. PC1 and PC2 explained 86.5% of the data variance. In conclusion, a fast sample preparation protocol followed by MALDI-MS appears to provide characteristic lipid fingerprints for crude spermatozoa (ejaculates) of bulls with different capacities of embryo in vitro production. Experiments involving a larger and more statically relevant set of samples are underway. We thank the Brazilian research foundations FAPESP (2008/10756-7) and CNPq.
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Karmacharya, P., C. S. Crowson, D. Bekele, S. Achenbach, J. M. Davis III, A. Ogdie, A. Duarte-Garcia et al. „SAT0404 INCIDENCE OF PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS FROM 2000-2017: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (Juni 2020): 1154.1–1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2190.
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Background:Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal disease with an estimated prevalence of 0.05% to 0.25% in the population and 6% to 41% in psoriasis patients. There is disparity in the reported incidence patterns in the general population in more recent years, with increasing incidence seen in Denmark, but relatively stable rates seen in Canada. However, no studies in the US have looked at the recent incidence patterns, and it would be important to see how newer therapies for psoriasis have impacted the incidence of PsA. Variability in the estimates of incidence and prevalence across different studies has been attributed to differences in case ascertainment and most studies have used ICD codes to identify PsA patients.Objectives:To determine the annual incidence of PsA (2000-17) and compare it to incidence of PsA in previous years (1970-1999)1in the Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA population.Methods:A retrospective, population-based cohort of PsA patients ≥18 years of age from Olmsted County, MN meeting ClASsification of Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria for PsA (2000-17) was identified from the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP). REP ensures virtually complete ascertainment and follow-up of all clinically diagnosed cases of PsA in a geographically-defined area. The date of fulfillment of CASPAR criteria was taken as the PsA incidence date. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates, adjusted to 2010 US white population, were reported. Our previously reported cohort from REP (1970-1999)1also used the same CASPAR criteria, and trends from the current study were compared to the previous years.Results:There were 170 incident cases of PsA, with a mean age of 46.7 (SD=12.3) years and 47% females from 2000-17. The overall age and sex adjusted annual incidence of PsA per 100,000 population was 8.8 (95% CI 7.5-10.1), and higher in males (9.7, 95% CI 7.7-11.7) than females (8.0, 95% CI 6.2-9.8). Overall incidence was highest in the age range 40-59 years (Table 1). The incidence rate was relatively stable in the recent years 2000-2017 compared to 1970-19991where a rise in incidence was observed (3.6 to 9.8 per 100,000 persons from 1970-79 to 1990-99, p<0.001) (Figure 1).Table 1.Annual incidence rate, IR (per 100,000) of psoriatic arthritis by age and sex between 2000-17 in Olmsted County, MN.MaleFemaleTotalAge Group, yrsNIRNIRNRate18-2994.141.6132.830-392413.4147.33810.240-492413.92614.05014.050-592113.52816.24914.960-6976.987.1157.070-7935.000.032.280+26.000.022.2Total (95% CI)909.7 (7.7-11.7)†808.0 (6.2-9.8)†1708.8 (7.5-10.1)††† Age-adjusted to the 2010 US White population. †† Age- and sex-adjusted to the 2010 US White populationConclusion:In the Olmsted County population, the increasing PsA incidence seen in previous years 1970-19991seems to have leveled off after 2000. This is in contrast to increasing incidence in recent years reported from Denmark, Taiwan and Israel. However, similar to our study, incidence rates for PsA from 2008-2015 were reported to be stable in Canada.References:[1]Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Gabriel SE, Kremers HM. Time trends in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over 3 decades: a population-based study.J Rheumatol. 2009;36(2):361-367.Acknowledgments:This project was supported by CTSA Grant Number UL1 TR002377 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS).Disclosure of Interests:Paras Karmacharya: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson Grant/research support from: Pfizer research grant, Delamo Bekele: None declared, Sara Achenbach: None declared, John M Davis III Grant/research support from: Research grants from Pfizer, Consultant of: Served on advisory boards for Abbvie and Sanofi-Genzyme, Alexis Ogdie Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Novartis, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Corrona, Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, Ali Duarte-Garcia: None declared, Hilal Maradit-Kremers: None declared, Megha Tollefson: None declared, Floranne C. Ernste: None declared, Kerry Wright: None declared
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Heerspink, Hiddo J. L., Rajiv Agarwal, George L. Bakris, David Z. I. Cherney, Carolyn S. P. Lam, Brendon L. Neuen, Pantelis A. Sarafidis et al. „Design and baseline characteristics of the Finerenone, in addition to standard of care, on the progression of kidney disease in patients with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (FIND-CKD) randomized trial“. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 11.06.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfae132.
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ABSTRACT Background and hypothesis Finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, improved kidney, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD and T2D in two Phase 3 outcome trials. The FIND-CKD study investigates the effect of finerenone in adults with CKD without diabetes. Methods FIND-CKD (NCT05047263 and EU CT 2023–506897-11–00) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial in patients with CKD of non-diabetic aetiology. Adults with a urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) of ≥ 200 to ≤3500 mg/g and eGFR ≥ 25 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 receiving a maximum tolerated dose of a renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) inhibitor were randomized 1:1 to once daily placebo or finerenone 10 or 20 mg depending on eGFR above or below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The primary efficacy outcome is total eGFR slope, defined as the mean annual rate of change in eGFR from baseline to Month 32. Secondary efficacy outcomes include a combined cardiorenal composite outcome comprising time to kidney failure, sustained ≥57% decrease in eGFR, hospitalization for heart failure, or cardiovascular death, as well as separate kidney and cardiovascular composite outcomes. Adverse events are recorded to assess tolerability and safety. Results Across 24 countries, 3231 patients were screened and 1584 were randomized to study treatment. The most common causes of CKD were chronic glomerulonephritis (57.0%) and hypertensive/ischaemic nephropathy (29.0%). Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was the most common glomerulonephritis (26.3% of the total population). At baseline, mean eGFR and median UACR were 46.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 818.9 mg/g, respectively. Diuretics were used by 282 participants (17.8%), statins by 851 (53.7%), and calcium channel blockers by 794 (50.1%). SGLT2 inhibitors were used in 16.9% of patients; these individuals had a similar mean eGFR (45.6 vs 46.8 mL/min/1.73 m2) and slightly higher median UACR (871.9 vs 808.3 mg/g) compared to those not using SGLT2 inhibitors at baseline. Conclusions FIND-CKD is the first Phase 3 trial of finerenone in patients with CKD of non-diabetic aetiology.
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Nilson, Eduardo A. F., Beatriz Gianicchi, Gerson Ferrari und Leandro F. M. Rezende. „The projected burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to overweight in Brazil from 2021 to 2030“. Scientific Reports 12, Nr. 1 (28.12.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26739-1.
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AbstractAlthough studies have quantified the current burden of diseases attributable to overweight and obesity in Brazil, none have estimated its burden in the future. The study aimed to estimate the potential impact of different scenarios of changes in the prevalence of overweight on non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the Brazilian adult population until 2030. We developed a multistate life table model including 11 body mass index (BMI) related diseases to estimate attributable NCDs cases and deaths under the following scenarios of changes in overweight over a 10-year simulation: (1) the continuity of the current trajectory of BMI increases, (2) reducing the rate of increase by half, (3) stopping future BMI increases, and (4) the reduction of the prevalence of overweight by 6.7%. In Brazil, if the current trends of BMI increase are maintained from 2021 to 2030, approximately 5.26 million incident cases and 808.6 thousand deaths from NCDs may occur due to overweight. If the annual increase in overweight was reduced by half until 2030, 1.1% of new NCD cases and 0.2% of deaths could be prevented (respectively, 29,600 cases and 1900 deaths). Alternatively, if the current prevalence of overweight is maintained, as set as a national goal in Brazil until 2030, the incident NCD cases and the deaths could be reduced by respectively 3.3% (92,900) and 1.5% (12,100) compared to continuation of current trends. If the prevalence of overweight is reduced by 6.7% until 2030, 6.5% (182,200) of NCD cases and 4.2% (33,900) of deaths could be prevented. The epidemiologic burden of overweight in Brazil tends to increase if bold policy interventions are not adopted in Brazil.
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Löwenberg, Mark, Adriaan Volkers, Sara van Gennep, Aart Mookhoek, Nahid Montazeri, Esmé Clasquin, Marjolijn Duijvestein et al. „Mercaptopurine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis - a randomised placebo-controlled trial“. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 27.02.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad022.
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Abstract Background and Aims Scepticism about the efficacy of thiopurines for ulcerative colitis (UC) is rising.This study aimed to evaluate mercaptopurine treatment for UC. Methods In this prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with active UC, despite treatment with 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA), were randomised for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)-guided mercaptopurine treatment or placebo for 52 weeks. Corticosteroids were given in the first eight weeks and 5-ASA was continued. Proactive metabolite-based mercaptopurine and placebo dose adjustments were applied from week six onwards by unblinded clinicians. The primary endpoint was corticosteroid-free clinical remission and endoscopic improvement (total Mayo score ≤2 points and no item >1) at week 52 in an intention-to-treat analysis. Results Between December 2016 and April 2021, 70 patients were screened and 59 were randomised at six centres. In the mercaptopurine group, 16/29 (55.2%) patients completed the 52-week study, compared to 13/30 (43.3%) on placebo. The primary endpoint was achieved by 14/29 (48.3%) patients on mercaptopurine and 3/30 (10%) receiving placebo (Δ=38.3%, 95% CI 17.1-59.4, p=0.002). Adverse events occurred more frequently with mercaptopurine (808.8 per 100 patient years) compared to placebo (501.4 per 100 patient years). Five serious adverse events occurred; four on mercaptopurine and one on placebo. TDM-based dose adjustments were executed in 22/29 (75.9%) patients, leading to lower mercaptopurine doses at week 52 compared to baseline. Conclusions Optimised mercaptopurine treatment was superior to placebo in achieving clinical, endoscopic and histological outcomes at one year following corticosteroid induction treatment in UC patients. More adverse events occurred in the mercaptopurine group.
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Andreß, Stefanie, Dominik Felbel, Dominik Buckert, Wolfgang Rottbauer, Armin Imhof und Tilman Stephan. „Deferral of non-emergency cardiac interventions is associated with increased emergency hospitalizations up to 24 months post-procedure“. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 06.03.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-024-02380-y.
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Abstract Background Patients, whose non-emergency cardiac procedure was postponed during the COVID-19 pandemic, have shown signs of disease progression in the short term. Data on the long-term effects are currently lacking. Aim To assess outcomes through 3 years following deferral. Methods This retrospective, single-center analysis includes consecutive patients whose non-emergency cardiovascular intervention was postponed during the first COVID-19-related lockdown (March 19 to April 30, 2020). Outcomes over 36 months post-procedure were analyzed and compared to a seasonal control group undergoing non-emergency intervention in 2019 as scheduled (n = 214). The primary endpoint was a composite of emergency cardiovascular hospitalization and death. Additionally, NT-proBNP levels were analyzed. Results The combined endpoint occurred in 60 of 178 patients (33.7%) whose non-emergency transcatheter heart valve intervention, rhythmological procedure, or left heart catheterization was postponed. Primary endpoint events did not occur more frequently in the study group during the 36-month follow-up (p = 0.402), but within the first 24 months post-procedure (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.20–2.60, p = 0.003). Deferred patients affected by an event in the postprocedural 24 months had significantly higher NT-proBNP levels at the time of intervention (p < 0.001) (AUC 0.768, p = 0.003, optimum cut-off 808.5 pg/ml, sensitivity 84.2%, specificity 65.8%) and thereafter (p < 0.001). Conclusion Deferral of non-emergency cardiovascular interventions is associated with poor outcomes up to 24 months post-procedure. Adverse effects affect patients who develop signs of acute heart failure, as indicated by NT-proBNP, prior to treatment. These findings could help improve resource allocation in times of limited capacity. Graphical Abstract
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Maher, Jessie, Jacqui McCoy, Raimondo Bruno und Suzanne Nielsen. „The impact of codeine rescheduling on non-opioid analgesic use by people who regularly use codeine: a prospective cohort study“. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 15.07.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-024-01751-9.
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Abstract Background Codeine was rescheduled in Australia to prescription only in February 2018. Initial studies reported an increase in population level paracetamol and ibuprofen sales following codeine upscheduling. However, to date no study has been able to investigate changes in non-opioid analgesic use at the individual patient level to determine if sales data reflect actual consumption patterns. Aim To address this gap, we aimed to determine the impact of codeine rescheduling on non-opioid analgesic use in people who regularly used over-the-counter codeine, primarily for pain, prior to the rescheduling change. Method We conducted a prospective cohort study with 260 participants who reported regular over-the-counter codeine consumption at cohort entry. Surveys were completed at baseline (November 2017, 3 months before rescheduling) and at 1 month (February 2018), 4 months (June 2018), and 12 months (February 2019), following rescheduling. The primary outcomes were mean daily doses of non-opioid analgesics, captured through a 7 day medication diary. Results The mean daily paracetamol dose decreased from 1754.4 mg (95% CI 1300.5–2208.3) at baseline to 1023.8 mg (95% CI 808.5–1239.1) at the final time-point (+ 12 months) (p = .009). The mean daily ibuprofen dose decreased from 305.1mg (95% CI 217.9–392.4) at baseline to 161.2 mg (95% CI 98.5–224.0) 12 months after rescheduling (p = .03). No significant change in doses of other medications remained was found. Conclusion In people who regularly consumed over-the-counter codeine, doses of non-opioid analgesics either reduced or remained stable following codeine rescheduling, suggesting concerns of medication substitution or overuse following the change were not realised.
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Polok, Kamil, Jacek Górka, Jakub Fronczek, Teresa Iwaniec, Karolina Górka und Wojciech Szczeklik. „Perioperative cardiovascular complications rate and activity of coagulation and fibrinolysis among patients undergoing vascular surgery for peripheral artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm“. Vascular, 29.06.2020, 170853812093712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538120937127.
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Objectives To compare preoperative coagulation and fibrinolysis activity and incidence of perioperative complications between patients undergoing vascular procedures for peripheral artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods This is a substudy of a prospective observational cohort study (VISION; NCT00512109) in which we recruited patients aged ≥45 years, undergoing surgery for peripheral artery disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Blood samples were obtained 24 h preoperatively to measure platelet count, concentrations of coagulation coagulation (fibrinogen, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor:Ristocetin cofactor, antithrombin III), fibrinolysis (dimer D, plasmin–antiplasmin complexes, tissue plasminogen activator) markers and level of soluble CD40 ligand. Incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death (composite endpoint) was assessed in 30-day follow-up. Results The study group included 131 patients at the mean age of 68.3 years among whom reason for surgery was peripheral artery disease in 77 patients (58.8%) and abdominal aortic aneurysm in 54 patients (41.2%). Peripheral artery disease group was characterized by higher platelet count (250.5 versus 209.5 (×10 3 /µl), p = 0.001), concentrations of fibrinogen (5.4 versus 4.1 (g/l), p < 0.001), factor VIII (176.9 versus 141.9 (%), p < 0.001), von Willebrand factor:Ristocetin cofactor (188.9 versus 152.3 (%), p = 0.009), and soluble CD40 ligand (9016.0 versus 7936.6 (pg/ml), p = 0.005). The dimer D level was higher (808.0 versus 2590.5 (ng/ml), p < 0.001) in the abdominal aortic aneurysm group. Incidence of major cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke) within 30 days from surgery did not differ between the groups (39.0% versus 29.6%, p = 0.27). Conclusions The study suggests higher activation of coagulation and relatively lower fibrinolytic activity in peripheral artery disease group compared to patients undergoing surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm without a significant difference in cardiovascular outcomes.
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Wróbel, Andrzej, Anna Serefko, Aleksandra Szopa und Ewa Poleszak. „Asiatic Acid, a Natural Compound that Exerts Beneficial Effects on the Cystometric and Biochemical Parameters in the Retinyl Acetate-Induced Model of Detrusor Overactivity“. Frontiers in Pharmacology 11 (29.01.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.574108.
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Scientists have been constantly looking for new synthetic and natural compounds that could have beneficial effects in bladder overactivity. Our attention was drawn by asiatic acid that influences a number of molecules and signaling pathways relevant for the proper functioning of the urinary tracts in humans. In the present project we wanted to check whether asiatic acid would have positive effects in the confirmed animal model of detrusor overactivity (DO) and whether it would affect the bladder blood flow, urothelium thickness, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, neurotrophic and growth factors, and other parameters important for the activity of the urinary bladder. The outcomes of our study showed that a 14-day administration of asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage normalizes the cystometric parameters corresponding to DO and reduces the accompanying oxidative stress (measured by the levels of malondialdehyde–61,344 ± 24,908 pg/ml vs. 33,668 ± 5,071 pg/ml, 3-nitrotyrosine–64,615 ± 25,433 pg/ml vs. 6,563 ± 1,736 pg/ml, and NOS2–2,506 ± 411.7 vs. 3,824 ± 470.1 pg/ml). Moreover, it decreases the urinary secretion of neurotrophins (BDNF–304.4 ± 33.21 pg/ml vs. 119.3 ± 11.49 pg/ml and NGF–205.5 ± 18.50 vs. 109.7 ± 15.94 pg/ml) and prevents the changes in a range of biomarkers indicating the dysfunction of the urinary bladder, CGRP (421.1 ± 56.64 vs. 108.1 ± 11.73 pg/ml), E-Cadherin (773.5 ± 177.5 pg/ml vs. 1,560 ± 154.5 pg/ml), OCT3 (3,943 ± 814.6 vs. 1,018 ± 97.07 pg/ml), SNAP-23 (6,763 ± 808.9 pg/ml vs. 3,455 ± 554.5 pg/ml), SNAP-25 (2,038 ± 162.7 pg/ml vs. 833.3 ± 65.48), substance P (171.7 ± 16.86 pg/ml vs. 65.07 ± 8.250 pg/ml), SV2A (1,927 ± 175.3 pg/ml vs. 1,154 ± 254.9 pg/ml), tight junction protein 1 (360.1 ± 95.05 pg/ml vs. 563.4 ± 65.43 pg/ml), VAChT (16,470 ± 2,419 pg/ml vs. 7,072 ± 1,339 pg/ml), VEGFA (318.3 ± 37.89 pg/ml vs. 201.5 ± 22.91 pg/ml). The mentioned parameters are associated with smooth muscle contractions, urothelial barrier, transportation and release of transmitters, or bladder compensation. Thus, the presented findings allow to suggest a possible future role of asiatic acid in the prevention of conditions accompanied by DO, such as overactive bladder.
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Bendaram, Snigdha Reddy, und Vitaly Kantorovich. „FRI322 Lack Of Tumor Size Change With Long-term Cabergoline For Prolactinoma“. Journal of the Endocrine Society 7, Supplement_1 (Oktober 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvad114.1257.
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Abstract Disclosure: S. Bendaram: None. V. Kantorovich: None. Introduction: Prolactinomas are the most common tumors of the pituitary gland and account for about 40% of all Pituitary adenomas, of which 10% are macroprolactinomas measuring >1 cm. Dopamine Agonists (DAs) normalize the prolactin levels and aid in shrinkage of the tumor size. We present two cases of Macroprolactinomas with biochemical response to DAs but no shrinkage in size as expected. Case 1: 75-year-old male with history of hypertension, left frontal MCA stroke with residual aphasia who underwent brain MRI for a recent TIA, was found to have a new 2.3 x 1.9 x 2.4 cm mass in the pituitary fossa invading the right cavernous sinus, concerning for a pituitary macroadenoma. Prolactin levels were 4152 ng/ml on dilution study, low testosterone with inappropriately normal LH/FSH. He denied any symptoms from compression, hyperprolactinemia or hypogonadism. After starting Cabergoline 0.25 mg biweekly, repeat levels in 2 weeks showed a decline in prolactin levels to 808.7 ng/ml. Visual Field (VF) testing was abnormal but was unreliable due to high fixation losses. Same dose of cabergoline was continued, with decline in prolactin further to 37.8 ng/ml, while a repeat MRI Brain showed no substantial change in the size of the mass. Cabergoline was doubled, and a repeat MRI still demonstrated same size of the mass, despite prolactin levels decreasing to below normal range. Case 2: 62-year-old male with history of macroprolactinoma for >3 years, but non-adherent to medications, who presented to his PCP with persistent occipital headaches, and was referred to Endocrinology due to repeat MRI brain revealing interval increase in the size of sellar and suprasellar mass measuring 2.2 x 2.2 x 2.9 cm in size consistent with macroadenoma with mass-effect on the optic chiasm and prechiasmatic optic nerves. Evaluation of pituitary panel revealed prolactin levels of 1352 ng/ml, low testosterone and LH, while the rest of the labs were normal. He was started on cabergoline 0.5 mg biweekly, and a repeat prolactin level after a single dose of cabergoline improved to 469 ng/ml. He was continued on the same dose with prolactin dropping to 2.6 ng/ml in 2 months, and further to 1.8 ng/dl after 10 months of treatment. Initial VF testing also demonstrated some degree of defect with compression of optic chiasm. Repeat MRI 3 months after initiation of cabergoline revealed interval decrease in size of macroadenoma to 2.1 cm in the largest dimension, which stayed the same on the recent imaging. Discussion: DAs like Cabergoline are first line therapy for prolactinomas. Fibrotic changes from long standing adenomas might be a possibility causing resistance to shrinkage of tumor, however it would be interesting to know if any specific molecular mechanisms that could be involved. In tumors with significant mass effect or those not responding to MT, Surgery is the preferred next step, and neurosurgery evaluation is necessary for further management. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023
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Giorno, Thais Biondino Sardella, Iris Gonçalvez da Silva Moreira, Claudia Moraes Rezende und Patricia Dias Fernandes. „A New Nβ‐alkanoyl‐5‐hydroxytryptamide Induces Anti‐inflammatory Activity in a Mice Subcutaneous Air Pouch Model of Inflammation“. FASEB Journal 31, S1 (April 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1068.11.
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The C18‐5HT, a new Nβ‐alkanoyl‐5‐hydroxytryptamide is naturally found in the surface wax of coffee beans (Speer et al., 2006). Some amides of the serotonin class demonstrated an anti‐inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of caspases participants in inflammatory process (Meijerink et al., 2013). The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory activity of C18‐5HT, a new fatty acid amide of serotonin.C18‐5HT (0.1–10 mg/kg, p.o.) effects were assessed in the carrageenan‐induced cell migration into the subcutaneous air pouch (SAP) with quantification of total leukocyte number, total proteins, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), interferon γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10). A possible inhibitory effect in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated ex vivo, after activation of leukocytes collected from the SAP with phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA). Cells were pretreated ex vivo with C18‐5HT (1–10 μM). The fluorescence was captured in the FL‐1 channel of a flow cytometer and expressed as fluorescence intensity. The protocol for the use of animals was approved by CAUAP/UFRJ and received the number DFBCICB015‐04/16. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (*p<0.05).Pretreatment of animals with different doses of C18‐5HT significantly reduced cell migration to the SAP: PBS in SAP=3.5±1.4×106cells/mL; carrageenan in SAP=69.2±9.9×106cells/mL; 0.1 mg/kg= 51.9±8.4×106cells/mL; 1 mg/kg= 41.7±6.7×106*cells/mL; 10 mg/kg=37.1±3.1×106*cells/mL. C18‐5HT also significantly decrease the amount of total proteins and NO (Table 1) With respect to quantification of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and IL‐1β, C18‐5HT were able to reduce the values when compared with carrageenan group in SAP (Table 1). Even though C18‐5HT was able to significantly increase the release of IL‐10 only at the dose of 10 mg/kg (table 1).C18‐5HT also reduced ROS production (control=0.19×105±0.12×104, PMA stimulated=1.54×105±0.62×104; 1 μM=0.24×105±0.80×104*; 3 μM=0.21×105±0.30×104*; 10 μM=0.11×105±0.20×104*.Thereby we can conclude that C18‐5HT inhibited leukocyte migration, production of total proteins, NO, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and IL‐1β. In addition, increase the release of IL‐10 and decreased ROS production. Data suggest that this substance could be used as new prototype forthe development of new anti‐inflammatory drugs.Support or Funding InformationAlan Minho for technical assistance, Instituto Vital Brazil (Niterói, Brazil) for donation of mice. Financial support: CAPES, CNPq and FAPERJ Effect of C18‐5HT on inflammatory mediators accumulated in the subcutaneous air pouch after carrageenan injection. Injection in SAP Treatment mg/kg Total protein (μg/ml) NO (μM) TNF‐α (pg/ml) IFN‐γ (pg/ml) IL‐1β (pg/ml) IL‐10 (pg/ml) PBS ‐ ‐ 24.5±13.3 34.6±14.6 55.6±9.0 62.5±25.6 768.5±149.4 905.6±59.3 Carrageenan Vehicle ‐ 244.5±36.0 330.0±32.4 599.7±83.1 1,301.5±132.6 1,584.0±350.7 2,525.3±215.7 C18‐5HT 0.1 206.3±52.2 164.1±30.7* 386.1±40.8* 1,212.2±185.6 1,322.9±192.3 2,274.4±462.3 1 186.4±13.0* 118.8±39.5* 317.5±58.0* 1,272.5±151.1 733.8±69.1* 2,580.8±268.8 10 158.5±31.9* 82.3±14.0* 271.5±36.1* 808.0±128.2* 622.9±53.2* 4,213.8±453.8* Statistical significance was calculated by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test (n = 6–8). p < 0.05 when compared C18‐5HT ‐treated mice with vehicle‐treated group.