Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „791.45/6“

Abstract Er5Re2C7, Tm5Re2C7, and Lu5Re2C7 were prepared by arc-melting of the elemental components and subsequent annealing at 800 °C. Er5Re2C7 forms only after the annealing process, whereas the other two carbides were already present in the as cast samples. They crystallize with a Sc5Re2C7 type structure, which was refined from single-crystal X-ray data of Lu5Re2C7: Cmmm, a = 791.44(5), b = 1418.08(8), c = 332.79(2) pm, Z = 2, R = 0.037 for 544 structure factors and 21 variable parameters. The structure contains linear centrosymmetric C3 units with a C-C bond length of 133(2) pm and isolated carbon atoms in octahedral coordination of four lutetium and two rhenium atoms. The rhenium atoms within the two-dimensionally infinite polymeric sheets [Re2C4]n are electronically saturated as is indicated by the diamagnetism and the semiconductivity of this carbide. Yb2ReC2 was prepared by reacting the elements in a sealed tantalum tube with a high-frequency furnace. It crystallizes with a Pr2ReC2 type structure: Pnma, a = 645.91(6), b = 498.64(6), and c = 966.05(6) pm. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the ytterbium atoms to be trivalent in this compound.

Abstract A 39-year-old female with a past medical history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Celiac disease, Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism and germline BRCA mutation presented with abdominal pain and distension. CT imaging demonstrated innumerable bilateral pulmonary nodules concerning for metastases, paraoesophageal adenopathy, multiple right adrenal masses, left adnexal cyst, and a small sclerotic lesion within the right iliac bone. CT guided biopsy of a 6 cm right adrenal mass revealed high grade carcinoma with areas of necrosis, and tumor markers were positive for synaptophysin, Melan-A and inhibin but negative for TTF1 and CK7, HMB45 and S100. A diagnosis of stage IV adrenocortical carcinoma was made and, at the time of diagnosis, a 24-hour urinary cortisol was elevated at 791.4 mcg (nl<45.0 mcg). Surgery was deferred given widespread metastatic disease. She initially completed 4 cycles of chemotherapy with EDP-Mitotane along with Metyrapone to normalize her urine cortisol. Subsequent restaging CT imaging revealed a mixed response to chemotherapy with new focal sclerotic areas in the left fifth rib concerning for new metastases. Due to suboptimal initial therapeutic response, less traditional treatment options were explored. PARP inhibitor and immunotherapy were considered, and she received Rucaparib followed by two cycles of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab, resulting in a limited response and complicated by reversible myocarditis likely due to immunotherapy. Further restaging CT imaging demonstrated disease progression, and patient then completed one month of Cisplatin and Etoposide and palliative radiation to the right adrenal tumor all while continuing Mitotane and Metyrapone. Her most recent restaging CT images indicated further disease progression. She was then transitioned to Sorafenib, Mebendazole, and Sulindac daily for CTNNB1 mutation with plans to rechallenge with a different PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) for BRCA1 mutation. Most recently, patient has self-discontinued Mitotane due to intolerable side effects. In conclusion, a highly aggressive adrenocortical carcinoma associated with Cushing’s syndrome was treated with PARP inhibitor and immunotherapy, after initial failure with a traditional EDP+Mitotane regimen, with limited benefit. References: 1. Berruti A, Terzolo M, Sperone P, et al. Etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin plus mitotane in the treatment of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma: a large prospective phase II trial. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005;12(3):657–666. doi:10.1677/erc.1.010252. 2. Mohan DR, Lerario AM, Hammer GD. Therapeutic Targets for Adrenocortical Carcinoma in the Genomics Era. J Endocr Soc. 2018;2(11):1259–1274. Published 2018 Sep 26. doi:10.1210/js.2018-00197

The aim of this study was to investigate histology characteristics in the small intestine of Santa Ines lambs fed bovine or ovine colostrum. At 0 and 6 h of life, 12 newborn lambs received 250 ml of first milking bovine colostrum (BC) and another 12 animals received 250 ml of first milking ovine colostrum (OC). Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected at 24 and 72 h of life. Six animals were sampled at birth, without colostrum intake (0 h). The histomorphologic analysis revealed differences between BC and OC groups in the jejunum and ileum segments. BC group had higher amounts of colostrum-filled vacuoles in the intestinal epithelium compared to OC group and the latter group had a higher number of empty vacuoles. However, at 72 h of life both groups revealed the end of the intestinal colostrum absorption. Regardless of the treatment, apical nuclei and vacuoles were mainly observed in the villi of animals at 0 and 24 h of life, and at 72 h the enterocytes had basal nuclei and cytoplasm without the presence of vacuoles. An interaction between treatment and period was observed in villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In this segment, BC group showed the lowest villus height at 24 h of life (710.37 ± 115.79 µm) while OC group had the larger villus height (883.79 ± 207.24 µm) at 24 h than at 0 h of life (791.43 ± 129.19 µm) (P < 0.05). Lambs from BC group showed the deepest crypts at 72 h (157.15 ± 41.81 µm), followed by 24 h (100.08 ± 23.40 µm) and 0 h (84.89 ± 21.10µm), and in OC group the deepest crypts were observed at 0 h (84.89 ± 21.10 µm), without the colostrum ingestion (P < 0.0%). The effects of treatment on the crypt depth were observed in the ileum (P < 0.05), crypts in BC group were deeper than in OC group (92.67 ± 21.47 and 83.12 ± 13.85 µm, respectively). The histological changes related to the ingestion of bovine colostrum did not apparently determine any consequences for enteric physiology. Thus, the results concerning the histologic and histomorphometric aspects confirm a possibility of successfully using bovine colostrum as a substitute for ovine colostrum in newborn lambs.

AbstractBluebellite, Cu6[I5+O3(OH)3](OH)7Cl and mojaveite, Cu6[Te6+O4(OH)2](OH)7Cl, are new secondary copper minerals from the Mojave Desert. The type locality for bluebellite is the D shaft, Blue Bell claims, near Baker, San Bernardino County, California, while cotype localities for mojaveite are the E pit at Blue Bell claims and also the Bird Nest drift, Otto Mountain, also near Baker. The two minerals are very similar in their properties. Bluebellite is associated particularly with murdochite, but also with calcite, fluorite, hemimorphite and rarely dioptase in a highly siliceous hornfels. It forms bright bluishgreen plates or flakes up to ~20 mm 620 mm 65 mm in size that are usually curved. The streak is pale bluish green and the lustre is adamantine, but often appears dull because of surface roughness. It is non-fluorescent. Bluebellite is very soft (Mohs hardness ~1), sectile, has perfect cleavage on {001} and an irregular fracture. The calculated density based on the empirical formula is 4.746 g cm–3. Bluebellite is uniaxial (–), with mean refractive index estimated as 1.96 from the Gladstone-Dale relationship. It is pleochroic O (bluish green) >> E (nearly colourless). Electron microprobe analyses gave the empirical formula Cu5.82I0.99Al0.02Si0.12O3.11(OH)9.80Cl1.09based on 14 (O+Cl) a.p.f.u. The Raman spectrum shows strong iodate-related bands at 680, 611 and 254 cm–1. Bluebellite is trigonal, space group R3, with the unit-cell parameters: a = 8.3017(5), c = 13.259(1) Å , V = 791.4(1) Å 3 and Z = 3. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern are [dobs/Å (I) (hkl)]: 4.427(99)(003), 2.664(35)(211), 2.516(100)(212̄ ), 2.213(9)(006), 2.103(29)(033,214), 1.899(47)(312,215̄ ), 1.566(48)(140,217) and 1.479(29)(045,143̄ ,324).Mojaveite occurs at the Blue Bell claims in direct association with cerussite, chlorargyrite, chrysocolla, hemimorphite, kettnerite, perite, quartz and wulfenite, while at the Bird Nest drift, it is associated with andradite, chrysocolla, cerussite, burckhardtite, galena, goethite, khinite, mcalpineite, thorneite, timroseite, paratimroseite, quartz and wulfenite. It has also been found at the Aga mine, Otto Mountain, with cerussite, chrysocolla, khinite, perite and quartz. Mojaveite occurs as irregular aggregates of greenish-blue plates flattened on {001} and often curved, which rarely show a hexagonal outline, and also occurs as compact balls, from sky blue to medium greenish blue in colour. Aggregates and balls are up to 0.5 mm in size. The streak of mojaveite is pale greenish blue, while the lustre may be adamantine, pearly or dull, and it is non-fluorescent. The Mohs hardness is ~1. It is sectile, with perfect cleavage on {001} and an irregular fracture. The calculated density is 4.886 g cm–3, based on the empirical formulae and unit-cell dimensions. Mojaveite is uniaxial (–), with mean refractive index estimated as 1.95 from the Gladstone-Dale relationship. It is pleochroic O (greenish blue) >> E (light greenish blue). The empirical formula for mojaveite, based on 14 (O+Cl) a.p.f.u., is Cu5.92Te1.00Pb0.08Bi0.01O4(OH)8.94Cl1.06. The most intense Raman bands occur at 694, 654 (poorly resolved), 624, 611 and 254 cm–1. Mojaveite is trigonal, space group R3, with the unit-cell parameters: a = 8.316(2), c = 13.202(6) Å and V = 790.7(1) Å 3. The eight strongest lines in the powder XRD pattern are [dobs/Å (I) (hkl)]: 4.403(91)(003), 2.672(28)(211), 2.512(100)(212̄ ), 2.110(27)(033,214), 1.889(34)(312,215̄ ,223̄ ), 1.570(39)(404,140,217), 1.481(34)(045,143̄ ,324) and 1.338(14)(422). Diffraction data could not be refined, but stoichiometries and unit-cell parameters imply that bluebellite and mojaveite are very similar in crystal structure. Structure models that satisfy bondvalence requirements are presented that are based on stackings of brucite-like Cu6MX14layers, where M = (I or Te) and X = (O, OH and Cl). Bluebellite and mojaveite provide a rare instance of isotypy between an iodate containing I5+with a stereoactive lone electron pair and a tellurate containing Te6+with no lone pair.

Abstract Background and Aims Age isakey risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of people aged > 60 y old is projected to rise to 25 % by the year 2050, associated with a 10 % increase in CVD. Platelets play a major role in the progression and the final pathway of CVD. Yet, little is known on the changes in platelet function due to aging per se. Thus, we aimed to further analyze platelets in the aging organism and their putative mechanistic role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury. To dissect the potentially specific aging effects from confounding factors, such as interfering medications (eg. antiplatelet drugs) and comorbidities (eg. hypertension, diabetes), we chose an animal model of young and very old mice to tackle this apparent hen and egg problem. Methods and Results: C57BL/6 wildtype littermates, not spontaneously developing atherosclerosis, were studied at the ages of 12 weeks (young Cohort, yoC) and > 20 months respectively (old Cohort, oldC; n=7/7). Platelet mass was increased in the oldC in number (yoC: 791.42 x 103/µl vs. oldC: 1719.14 x 103/µl, p = 0.013) and in size (6.35 fl vs. 7.2 fl, p=0.0037). Numerically higher reticulated platelet counts were found in the young (11.31 % vs. 4.3 %, p=0.14), as determined by thiazole orange staining and flow cytometric analysis, suggesting a decreased clearance in the old as an underlying mechanism. The red blood cell count in the yoC was significantly higher than in the old (12.34 x 106/mm3 vs. 9.97 x 106/mm3, p=0.0028), whereas white blood cell counts did not differ. Cryosections from liver and spleen stained with a rat-anti-mouse CD41 antibody revealed larger areas marked in the yoC, thus supporting the hypothesis of reduced clearance with aging (hepatic area covered 0.83 % vs. 0.27 %, p=0.014; splenic area covered 2.04 % vs. 1.04 %, p=0.012). The glycocalicin (GC) concentration as determined by ELISA was increased in the oldC (43.26 µg/ml vs. 71.4 µg/ml, p=0.0018) but after correction for the platelet count, the GC index was similar between the groups, suggesting a steady state of platelet survival at a higher count. For functional studies of platelet receptors and activation, washed platelets were activated with thrombin (0.1 U/ml) or collagen type I (5 µg/ml), incubated with specific anti-P-selectin and anti-activated integrin aIIbb3 (JON/A) antibodiesand analyzed by flow cytometry. While the baseline receptor expression between groups was similar, we observed an increased GP IIb/IIIa (fold increase 2.41 vs. 8.26, p=0.04) and numerically also P-selectin (fold increase 7.4 vs. 18.1, p=0.08) exposure after activation with thrombin in the oldC (Fig.1). The baseline surface expression of GPVI and GPIb was similar between groups before and upon activation. To study, whether the observed changes could alter stroke size and functional outcome after I/R brain injury, we studied the model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), in which a silicone-covered thread is introduced into the ICA and blocks cerebral blood flow for 30 minutes followed by 48 h of reperfusion. In a preliminary set of experiments (n=3/4), stroke size was analyzed using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and revealed a doubling of the stroke volumes (21.15 mm3 vs. 43.32 mm3, p=0.20) in the old mice. This finding related to a significantly poorer neurological outcome after 48 h, as demonstrated by the RotaRod test, measuring the latency to fall from a rotating rod (55.17 s vs. 9.83 s, p = 0.0015) and by the Bederson test, a global assessment of neurological function using a scale from 0-4 (1 vs. 1.83, p=0.0036) (Fig.2) . Summary & Conclusions: Platelet studies in our aging model reveal 1) higher platelet numbers and larger platelet size not related to reticulated platelets, 2) a reduced hepatic and splenic clearance and 3) an increased procoagulant potential (activatability of GPIIb/IIIa), as well as a strong tendency to a pro-inflammatory response (P-selectin expression) upon thrombin exposure. These obviously acquired changes in platelet function and number may in part be responsible for 4) larger stroke sizes and poorer functional outcome observed in old mice, overall pointing towards a genuine, primarily age dependent procoagulant platelet phenotype. The model will help in delineating the specific role of platelets in age-related CVD and allow to test specific molecular or pharmacological interventions, targeting the platelet changes with aging. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is an increasingly debilitating condition in working population. Evidence for conservative treatment modalities has been inconclusive. Percutaneous pie crusting of the common extensor origin at the lateral epicondyle at the time of local corticosteroid injection (CSI) has been proposed sparsely. The objective of this study was to analyze if concomitant CSI and pie-crusting of the common extensor origin provides better outcome than CSI alone in lateral epicondylitis.Methods: This case-control study on 236 patients was conducted at a single center between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2022. Patients were divided into two groups (n=118 each) based on their preference. Group A underwent CSI alone and group B underwent pie crusting along with CSI. The clinical and functional outcomes of all patients were evaluated at 2,4,6, and 12-week post-procedure using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Nirschl score. The mean time for return to daily activities was also compared. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in post-procedure outcome at successive follow-ups on intragroup longitudinal analysis (VAS: F=558.384 vs. 1,529.618, Nirschl: F=791.468 vs. 1,284.951). On intergroup analysis, VAS of group B was superior to that of group A; however, it was statistically significant (P<0.05) only from the 6-week follow-up onwards. Nirschl score of group B was significantly better throughout the period of follow-up (P<0.05). Group B returned to daily activities faster than Group A (6.2±0.44 weeks vs. 7.18±0.76 weeks). Conclusions: Concomitant pie crusting with CSI is recommended for lateral epicondylitis as it provides significantly better results than CSI alone.